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Disseminating Design: the Post-War Regional Impact of the Victoria & Albert Museum’S Circulation Department

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Disseminating Design: the Post-War Regional Impact of the Victoria & Albert Museum’S Circulation Department DISSEMINATING DESIGN: THE POST-WAR REGIONAL IMPACT OF THE VICTORIA & ALBERT MUSEUM’S CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT JOANNA STACEY WEDDELL A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Brighton in collaboration with the Victoria & Albert Museum for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2018 BLANK 2 Disseminating Design: The Post-war Regional Impact of the Victoria and Albert Museum’s Circulation Department This material is unavailable due to copyright restrictions. Figure 1: Bill Lee and Arthur Blackburn, Circulation Department Manual Attendants, possibly late 1950s, MA/15/37, No. V143, V&A Archive, © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Joanna Weddell University of Brighton with the Victoria and Albert Museum AHRC Part-time Collaborative Doctoral Award AH/I021450/1 3 BLANK 4 Thesis Abstract This thesis establishes the post-war regional impact of the Victoria and Albert Museum’s Circulation Department (Circ) which sent touring exhibitions to museums and art schools around the UK in the period 1947-1977, an area previously unexplored to any substantial depth. A simplistic stereotypical dyad of metropolitan authority and provincial deference is examined and evidence given for a more complex flow between Museum and regions. The Introduction outlines the thesis aims and the Department’s role in the dissemination of art and design. The thesis is structured around questions examining the historical significance of Circ, the display and installation of Circ’s regional exhibitions, and the flow of influence between regions and museum. Context establishes Circ not as a straightforward continuation of Cole’s Victorian mission but as historically embedded in the post-war period. The Historical Study outlines the Department’s origins and then divides into three sections; 1947-60 under Keeper Peter Floud, 1960-75 under Keeper Hugh Wakefield, and 1975-77 until closure, also covering Circ’s legacy within the Museum. Debates concerning the industrial and commodified inform an investigation of Circ’s acquisitions; design displays are discussed in relation to practices of vision. The evaluation concludes that Circ’s approach was tripartite, based on scholarly provenance, attention to design process and embrace of the contemporary, presented with some innovative displays. Two chapters concerning Impact on Regional Museums and Impact on Schools of Art, Designers & Industry make an original contribution to knowledge in establishing a balanced picture of the regional impact of the Department. Circ’s post-war activities are assessed using new primary research conducted at archives in Brighton, Cardiff, Liverpool, and Manchester, and interviews with former Circ staff. Circ is posited as a uniquely distanced but authoritative locus between state, design culture and industry and as historically significant in design and museology. The Conclusion summarises the Circulation model. 5 BLANK 6 Table of Contents Title Page …………………………………………………………………………………1 Illustrated Title Page ……………………………………………………………………..3 Thesis Abstract …………………………………………………………………………...5 Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………...7 List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………….9 Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………………13 Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………….13 Declaration ………………………………………………………………………………17 Chapter 1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….19 Background to Disseminating Design to the Regions ………………………………21 Post-war Dissemination of Design ……………………………………………………25 Literature Review ……………………………………………………………………….28 Methodology ………………………………………………………………….…………38 Research Question 1: Historical Significance ……………………………………….38 Research Question 2: Regional Exhibitions …………………………………………41 Research Question 3: Directions of Influence ……………………………………….46 Chapter 2 Context 1945-1977 …………………………………………………………………….49 Chapter 3 Historical Study: The Victoria and Albert Museum Circulation Department 1947-77 Introduction .………………………………………………………………………...…...65 Exhibiting Design 1947-60: Keeper Peter Floud ………………………………...….65 Post-War Ethos ………………………………………………………………….……...71 Acquisitions ………………………………………………………………………….…..80 Display and Interpretation ………………………………………………………..……88 Exhibiting Design: Craft and Industry ……………………………………………….101 Exhibiting Design 1960-1975: Keeper Hugh Wakefield …………………………..109 ‘The Museum of Design’ and Change at the V&A …………………………………122 Towards Closure …………………………………………………………………...…128 Evaluation of Impact on the V&A Museum …………………………………………133 Chapter 4 Impact on Regional Museums 1947-77 Introduction …………………………………………………………………..…..…….145 Quantitative Analysis ……………………………………………………….…………147 Visitor Figures ………………………………………………………………..…..……152 Stereotypes ……………………………………………………………………...…….156 The Provinces and London: Priority and Validation ……………………..….…….161 Archives and Records ………………………………………………………...……...164 Documentation: Relationships and Interaction …………………………………….166 Displays and Installations …………………………………………….……..……….171 Strategies of Appropriation …………………………………………………………..201 Circulation Reports: Curatorial Authority ……………………..…………….………203 7 Comparison: Arts Council of Great Britain ………………………………………….210 The Appeal of the Prêt-à-Porter Exhibition …………………………………………212 Independent Temporary Exhibitions ………………………………………………...215 Closure of Circulation …………………………………………………………………225 Chapter 5 Impact on Regional Schools of Art, on Artists & Designers and on Manchester’s Textile Industry 1947-77 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….229 Schools of Art Archives ……………………………………………………………….230 Stereotypes …………………………………………………………………………….235 Studying Art and Design Objects ………………………………………….…...……239 Independent Temporary Exhibitions ……………………………………….………..251 Closure of Circulation …………………………………………………….……..……256 Impact on Regional Artists and Designers …………………………….……...……259 Impact on Manchester’s Textile Industry ……………………………….……...…...262 Chapter 6 Conclusion: The Impact of the V&A Circulation Department in the Regions 1947-77.............….…………………………….…..…..…..273 Appendix: Oral History Documentation Oral History Clearance Notes and Deposit Agreements ……………………….…287 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………….293 Books …………………………………………………………………………………..293 Articles, including exhibition catalogues ……………………………………………300 Internet and Electronic Sources: Online Reports, Website Pages, Blogs, Lectures …………………………………316 Television ………………………………………………………………………………323 Interviews, Conversations, Telephone Calls and Emails …………………………323 Archival Sources ………………………………………………………………………326 8 List of Figures Figure 2: Bill Lee and Arthur Blackburn, Circulation Department Manual Attendants, possibly late 1950s, MA/15/37, No. V143, V&A Archive, © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Figure 2: Development of Circ prospectus: 1953, 1956, 1960, 1965-66, NAL. Photographs: Joanna Weddell © courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Original in colour. Figure 3: Staff of the Circulation Department, October 1954, [27 staff, 13 women], V&A Image Ref 2011EN0210, MA/32/314, V&AA © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Figure 4: The Circulation Department, North Court, February 1956, before first floor galleries were constructed, Picture Ref P189, V&AA © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Figure 5: Victoria & Albert Museum Brief Guide (London: HMSO, [1970] 1973); Circ Offices, top right, Room 38A,Temporary Exhibitions, and Restaurant adjoining © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Original in colour. Figure 6: Charles Mozley, 150 Years of Lithography, Poster, 1948, first, second, third and fourth printing stages of auto-lithograph, C.17459, V&A (promotional poster and exhibit). Photograph: Joanna Weddell © courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Original in colour. Figure 7: 150 Years of Lithography, technical exhibit in revolving display, Bolton Art Gallery, September 1950, MA/19/4 Photographs of exhibitions from 1956-63 in England and Scotland, V&AA. Photograph: Joanna Weddell © courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Figure 8: Edward Bawden, Autumn, 1950, Linocut, CIRC.106B-1958. Label: (a) Block 2 (covering the upper section of the print only), printed in dark grey and light green. (b) Block 3 (covering the lower section of the print only), printed in dark grey, light green, red and moss green. C.18680. Photograph: Joanna Weddell © courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Original in colour. Figure 9: ‘A small exhibition showing examples of good modern design in pottery, glass and textiles, from the loan collection of the Circulation Department of the Victoria & Albert Museum, South Kensington.’ 18 August 1948. Ref 22226101H, collection: Betty Elzea, with thanks to Linda Sandino. Photograph: Joanna Weddell © courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Figure 30: Circulation Department Acquisitions: 1955, 1965, 1975. Figure by Author. Original in Colour. 9 Figure 11: Left, Mid-Victorian Pottery 1860-80 case from C.14 Victorian Pottery. Left, Estelle Anver, right, Elizabeth Aslin, MA/19/11, M143, C14, V&AA © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Right, C22 English Transfer-Printed Pottery, Exhibitions 1965-66: Victoria & Albert Museum, Circulation Department (London: HMSO, 1964) 16, NAL. Photograph: Joanna Weddell © courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Figure 12: F2 Hand-made Furniture, with the Rural Industries Bureau, V&A Museum, May 1956, MA/19/4 Photographs of exhibitions from 1956-63 in England and Scotland, V&AA. Photographs: Joanna Weddell © courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Figure
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