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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
6. Theodor Rogalski, Conductor, Composer and Professor
DOI: 10.2478/rae-2021-0006 Review of Artistic Education no. 21 2021 35-45 6. THEODOR ROGALSKI, CONDUCTOR, COMPOSER AND PROFESSOR. 3 ROMANIAN DANCES, CONDUCTING STYLISTIC ANALYSIS 13 Iulian Rusu Abstract: Dancing in the culture of all peoples is a form of artistic manifestation with various functions, mystical, hunting warriors, etc., with deep roots in the very beginning of the first forms of organization of human communities. At national level, our people are the keeper of old and wonderful folk traditions, with dances of great wealth and variety. In our popular creation, the choreographic term “danse” is called “play”. Romanian dances have various ritual, ceremonial, or party functions, related to specific occasions. As a spatial deployment, they are divided into several categories: group, band, couple and soloistic. Theodor Rogalski in the Three Romanian dances highlights the beauty and vitality of the character of our people, especially through orchestration and the timbral coloring of the instruments. The conducting analysis of the 3 Romanian dances can also be a teaching material that is designed to guide the young musicians on the way to musical analysis. Key words: analysis, pedagogue, composer, dance, rhythmic plasticity 1. Introduction - Theodor Rogalski14 He was one of Alfonso Castaldi's disciples at the Bucharest Conservatory between 1919 and 1920, continued in Leipzig between 1920 and 1923, studying the conducting with Siegfried Karg-Elent and at Schola Cantorum from Paris 1924-1926, with Vincent d'Indy, Maurice Ravel. Returning home, he became a Cho repeater to the Romanian Opera in Bucharest between 1926-1930. In 1930, he conducted the Opera Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgski with the famous Russian bass Teodor Saliapin, among the others. -
Prepared Objects, Compositions That Use Them, and the Resulting Sound Dr
Prepared objects, compositions that use them, and the resulting sound Dr. Stacey Lee Russell Under/On Aluminum foil 1. Beste, Incontro Concertante Buzzing, rattling 2. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes the keys Cigarette 1. Zwaanenburg, Solo for Prepared Flute Buzzing, rattling paper 2. Szigeti, That’s for You for 3 flutes 3. Matuz, “Studium 6” from 6 Studii per flauto solo 4. Gyӧngyӧssy, “VII” from Pearls Cork 1. Ittzés, “A Most International Flute Festival” Cork is used to wedge specific ring keys into closed positions. Mimics Bansuri, Shakuhachi, Dizi, Ney, Kaval, Didgeridoo, Tilinka, etc. Plastic 1. Bossero, Silentium Nostrum “Inside a plastic bag like a corpse,” Crease sound, mimic “continuous sea marine crackling sensation.” Plastic bag 1. Sasaki, Danpen Rensa II Buzzing, rattling Rice paper 1. Kim, Tchong Buzzing, rattling Thimbles 1. Kubisch, “It’s so touchy” from Emergency Scratching, metallic sounds Solos Inside Beads 1. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes Overtone series, intonation, beating the tube Buzzers 1. Brockshus, “III” from Greytudes Distortion of sound Cork 1. Matuz, “Studium 1” from 6 Studii per flauto Overtone series, note sound solo octave lower than written 2. Eӧtvӧs, Windsequenzen 3. Zwaanenburg, Solo for Prepared Flute 4. Matuz, “Studium 5” from 6 Studii per flauto solo 5. Fonville, Music for Sarah 6. Gyӧngyӧssy, “III” from Pearls 7. Gyӧngyӧssy, “VI” from Pearls Darts 1. Brockshus, “II” from Greytudes Beating, interference tones Erasers & 1. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes Overtone series, intonation, Earplugs beating Plastic squeaky 1. Kubisch, “Variation on a classical theme” Strident, acute sound toy sausage from Emergency Solos Siren 1. Bossero, Silentium Nostrum Marine signaling, turbine spins/whistles Talkbox 1.Krüeger, Komm her, Sternschnuppe Talkbox tube is hooked up to the footjoint, fed by pre- recorded tape or live synthesizer sounds © Copyright by Stacey Lee Russell, 2019 www.staceyleerussell.com [email protected] x.stacey.russell Towel 1. -
The World Atlas of Musical Instruments
Musik_001-004_GB 15.03.2012 16:33 Uhr Seite 3 (5. Farbe Textschwarz Auszug) The World Atlas of Musical Instruments Illustrations Anton Radevsky Text Bozhidar Abrashev & Vladimir Gadjev Design Krassimira Despotova 8 THE CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS THE STUDY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, their history, evolution, construction, and systematics is the subject of the science of organology. Its subject matter is enormous, covering practically the entire history of humankind and includes all cultural periods and civilizations. The science studies archaeological findings, the collections of ethnography museums, historical, religious and literary sources, paintings, drawings, and sculpture. Organology is indispensable for the development of specialized museum and amateur collections of musical instruments. It is also the science that analyzes the works of the greatest instrument makers and their schools in historical, technological, and aesthetic terms. The classification of instruments used for the creation and performance of music dates back to ancient times. In ancient Greece, for example, they were divided into two main groups: blown and struck. All stringed instruments belonged to the latter group, as the strings were “struck” with fingers or a plectrum. Around the second century B. C., a separate string group was established, and these instruments quickly acquired a leading role. A more detailed classification of the three groups – wind, percussion, and strings – soon became popular. At about the same time in China, instrument classification was based on the principles of the country’s religion and philosophy. Instruments were divided into eight groups depending on the quality of the sound and on the material of which they were made: metal, stone, clay, skin, silk, wood, gourd, and bamboo. -
Edit Summer 2003
VOLUME THREE ISSUE TWO SUMMER 2003 EEDDiTiT TINKER TAILOR DOCTOR LAWYER EXCELLENCE PARTICIPATION WEALTH POVERTY INTELLIGENCE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE EQUALITY LEADING THE WAY TO HIGHER EDUCATION Why wider access is essential for universities E D iTcontents The University of Edinburgh Magazine volume three issue two summer 2003 16 L 12 20 22 COVER STORIES 12 WIDENING PARTICIPATION Ruth Wishart’s forthright view of the debate 39 GENERAL COUNCIL The latest news in the Billet FEATURES 22 IMMACULATE COLLECTIONS Prof Duncan Macmillan looks at the University’s Special Collections 10 MAKING IT HAPPEN How a boy from Gorgie became Chairman of ICI REGULARS 04 EditEd News in and around the University publisher Communications & Public Affairs, 20 ExhibitEd Art at the Talbot Rice Gallery The University of Edinburgh Centre, 36 Letters As the new Rector is installed, a look at Rectors past 7-11 Nicolson Street, 27 InformEd Alumni interactions, past, present and future Edinburgh EH8 9BE World Service Alumni news from Auchtermuchty to Adelaide, or almost editor Clare Shaw 30 [email protected] design Neil Dalgleish at Hillside WELCOME TO the summer issue of EDiT. It’s an honour – and not a little daunting – to take over the editing of such [email protected] a successful magazine from Anne McKelvie, who founded the magazine, and Ray Footman, who ably took over the reins photography after Anne’s death. Tricia Malley, Ross Gillespie at broad dayligh 0131 477 9211 Enclosed with this issue you’ll find a brief survey. Please do take a couple of minutes to fill it in and return it. -
Eü Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuvari Dergisi
I ISSN: 2146-7765 EÜ DEVLET TÜRK MUSİKİSİ KONSERVATUVARI DERGİSİ Sayı: 5 Yıl: 2014 Yayın Sahibi Prof. Dr. M. Öcal ÖZBİLGİN (Ege Üniversitesi Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuarı adına) Editör Yrd. Doç. Dr. Füsun AŞKAR Dergi Yayın Kurulu Prof. Dr. M. Öcal ÖZBİLGİN Doç. Dr. Ö. Barbaros ÜNLÜ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Maruf ALASKAN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Füsun AŞKAR Yrd. Doç. Dr. İlhan ERSOY Yrd. Doç. Dr. S. Bahadır TUTU Öğr.Gör. Atabey AYDIN Kapak Fotoğrafları Öğr. Gör. Abdurrahim KARADEMİR ve Ferruh ÖZDİNÇER arşivi’nden Basım Yeri Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi Bornova-İzmir T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Sertifika No: 18679 Basım Tarihi 26.12.2014 Baskı Adedi: 150 Yönetim Yeri Ege Üniversitesi Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuarı [email protected] 0 232 388 10 24 Ege Üniversitesi Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuarı tarafından yılda iki sayı olarak yayımlanan ulusal hakemli bir dergidir. EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ DEVLET TÜRK MUSİKİSİ KONSERVATUVARI DERGİSİ HAKEM KURULLARI Prof. Dr. Gürbüz AKTAŞ E.Ü. DTMK Prof. Ş. Şehvar BEŞİROĞLU İTÜ TMDK Prof. Dr. Mustafa Hilmi BULUT C.Ü. GSF Prof. Dr. Hakan CEVHER E.Ü. DTMK Prof. Dr. Ayhan EROL D.E.Ü. GSF Prof. Songül KARAHASANOĞLU İTÜ TMDK Prof. Serpil MÜRTEZAOĞLU İTÜ TMDK Prof. Nihal ÖTKEN İTÜ TMDK Prof. Dr. M. Öcal ÖZBİLGİN E.Ü. DTMK Prof. Berrak TARANÇ E.Ü. DTMK Doç. Dr. F. Reyhan ALTINAY E.Ü. DTMK Doç. Dr. Türker EROĞLU G.Ü. EĞİT. FAK. Doç. Dr. Kürşad GÜLBEYAZ Dicle Ü. Doç. Dr. Belma KURTİŞOĞLU İTÜ TMDK Doç. Bülent KURTİŞOĞLU İTÜ TMDK Doç. Dr. Muzaffer SÜMBÜL Ç.Ü. Eğ. Fak. Doç. Dr. Ö. Barbaros ÜNLÜ E.Ü. -
What's Going on Here?
12/22/2017 2017 World Wood Day Donate (donate) (https://www.facebook.com/worldwoodday/?ref=hl) (https://www.instagram.com/worldwoodday/) (https://vimeo.com/woodculture) (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUUqTXdNxUgWhofyWZ_45-Q) HOME (/2017) ABOUT (ABOUT) USA REGIONAL (/2017) Music Festival MUSIC FESTIVAL Brief Participants Photos Videos World Wood Day 2017 Roots United - Highlight from Wood Culture What’s going on here? Some of your technology may be out of date, which means this video won’t play properly. Please upgrade your browser or install Flash. Play Music is a cross-cultural and artistic language which creates emotional and spiritual connections. 2017 WWD Music Festival’s theme is “Roots United”, featuring musicians from different continents to perform, share their passions with traditional wooden music instrument. The idea behind this music festival is to bring different wooden instruments from around the world, not only to showcase representative music but also to explore their similarities and how they can all come together to create harmonies. During March 21-24, and 26, musicians will be presenting eclectic music and introduce origin of their music instruments, along with cultural background to the public. The Music Concert on March 25 takes place at Terrace Theater, expecting musical talent, visually pleasing and entertaining for the audience. With around 40 groups of local and foreign singers, dancers and musicians, 2017 WWD Music Festival aim to take the audience on a musical journey of culture, legend and heritage. http://www.worldwoodday.org/2017/music 1/36 12/22/2017 2017 World Wood Day Participants (In the alphabetical order of the country and region represented) DAVID HUDSON AUSTRALI A David Hudson’s life reflects his love and belief in Aboriginal culture. -
Greenwood Organ Company CHARLOTTE
THE DIAPASON AN INTERNATIONAL MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE ORGAN, THE HARPSICHORD AND CHURCH MUSIC OCTOBER, 1976 J.fferson Avenue Presbyterian Church, CHOIR Detroit. Michi9an. Built by Ernest M. Gamba 1£' &1 pipes S~inn.r, 1925 loriqinal specification puba E. M. Skinner Restored in Detroit Diapason B' &1 pipes II.h.d In THE DIAPASON, M.y 1924, p. Concert Flute S' &I pipes I J: d.dicated May 3, 1926 .....m.nu.1s and kleintl EneMer II S' 122 pipet ped.I, " tanh, .lectro-pnMlmattc: action. Flute 4' &1 pipet Hand-cerved cases from Ob.rammerqau, Nazard 2-2/1' &1 pipes Germanv. R.stor.tion carried out by K.n~ Piccolo 2' &1 pipes neth end Dorothy Holden of th. K & 0 Clarinet I' 61 pipes O,gan Service Co., Fernd.I., Michigan. Orchestral Oboe S' &1 pipes Harp S' £1 notes Th. original fonal design has b •• n pre· Celesta 4' 61 notes ,et'led, without any tonel change, or addi Tremolo tions being mad •• Pouchboatds and pri matie, rel •• th.red using natur.1 ... egetabl. tanned I•• th.r; other pneumatics t.-COY SOLO .red with Poly.lon_ Phosphot.bronu con Sleniorphone S' 7J "ipel tects repl.c.d by silver contuh. Pipe GambD 8' 7] pipes work r.p..... d as ".unary. Orl)entd-choir Gamba Celesle I ' 73 pipes director is Rob.rt Hawksley; Dr. Allan A. Ophideide 16' 7] pipes Zaun is pador. Tuba Mirabilis I' 120" wind) 7] pipes GREAT Tuba I' 13 pipes Diapalon 16' 7J pipes French Horn S' 73 pipes Diap.son I S' 7] p,pes En~I ; ,h Horn S' 73 pipet Diapason II S' 73 pipes Tuba Clerio~ .' 7J piPts Claribel Flute 8' 7J pipes Tremolo EneMer S' 7] pipes Octava .' 7J pipes Flute 01' 7J pipes ECH9 Twelfth 2-2/3' 'I pipes OiilpalOn '8' 7l'pipes FiflHnth 2' &1 pipes Chimney Flute S' 7J pipes Ophideide 1&' (Solo) Voir Ce leste II I ' 122.pipes Trombe S' 73 pipes Tubo S' (Solo) Flute .' 73 pipes Tromba S' 13 pipes Clorion .' 7J pipes Vor Humana S' 73· pipes Tubo Clarion .' ISolo) Chimes (Echo) Chimes 25 notes SWEll Tremolo Bourdon 1&' 7J pipes Di tPolson I S' 7J pipes PEDAL Diopason II S' 7) pipes Clorobella S' 73 pipes Oi.!l pasoft 1&' ]2 pipes Ged.d.:t S' 7J piPH Diapason '" (Great) Gllmb. -
The Secret of the Bagpipes: Controlling the Bag. Techniques, Skill and Musicality
CASSANDRE BALOSSO-BARDIN,a AUGUSTIN ERNOULT,b PATRICIO DE LA CUADRA,c BENOÎT FABRE,b AND ILYA FRANCIOSIb The Secret of the Bagpipes: Controlling the Bag. Techniques, Skill and Musicality. hen interviewed about the technique as the Greek tsampouna or the Tunisian mizwid) to of the bag, bagpipe maker and award- a fully chromatic scale over two octaves (the uilleann winning Galician piper Cristobal Prieto pipes from Ireland and some Northumbrian small- Wsaid that. ‘the handling of the bag is one of the most pipes chanters). Bagpipes in their simplest form are important things. The secret of the bagpipes is how composed of a bag with a blowpipe and a melodic one uses the bag […] You need a lot of coordination: pipe (hereafter referred to as the chanter).2 Other blowing, fingers […] it depends on the arm, the pipes can then be added such as a second melodic pressure of the air. The [finger] technique is much pipe, semi-melodic pipes or drones.3 The blowpipe simpler. Everyone blows all over the place when they is usually, but not always, fitted with a small valve start to play. It’s like a car: you have to think how you in order to prevent the air from leaving the bag. In are going to do all of this at the same time. The use models without this system, the piper uses his/her of the bag is the most important aspect, even more tongue to prevent the air from escaping whilst s/he than the fingers, [or] velocity’.1 breathes in. -
Fellowship of Makers and Restorers of Historical Instruments Bulletin and Communications
FELLOWSHIP OF MAKERS AND RESTORERS OF HISTORICAL INSTRUMENTS BULLETIN AND COMMUNICATIONS. JULY 1977 CONTENTS Page Bulletin no. 8. 2 Report on FoMRHI Seminar no. 2. 11 FoMRHI Book News no. 2. 12 List of Members, as at 23rd June 1977 14 Communications 65 On the sizes of Renaissance and baroque viols and violins. E. Segerman 18 / 66 The range of pitch with gut strings of a given length. William B. Samson 19 7 Principal instruments of fourteenth-century Italy and their structural V features. Howard Mayer Brown 20 68 Comments on technical drawings and photographs of musical instruments. R.K.Lee 28 69 On the dangers of becoming an established scholar. Ephraim Segerman 35 3^70 Profile turning of reamer blanks for use in woodwind*. Rod Cameron 38 71 Humidity cycling for stabilization of gut ?nd wood. Djilda Abbott, Ephraim Segerman and David Rolfe 45 72 Review of: The Manufacture of Musical Instruments, translated by Helen Tullberg. Jeremy Montagu 47 73 Review of: The Diagram Group, Musical Instruments of the World, an Illustrated Encyclopedia. Jeremy Montagu £TI 10a Comment on Com. 10 Attitudes to musical instrument conservation and restoration by G. Grant O'Brien. John Barnes 64 39b Comments on comments (Jan '77) on Com. 39. E.S. and D.A. 65 44c Detailed comments on "The World of Medieval and Renaissance Musical Instruments" by Jeremy Montagu, Part I. E.S. 67 58a On Prematurity of Communication. E.S. and D.A. 71 74 Medieval carvings of musical instruments in St. Mary's Church, Shrewsbury. Lawrence Wright 73 Book News. -
As Sonatas Para Tecla De Carlos Seixas
As Sonatas para Teclado de Carlos Seixas Interpretadas ao Piano Carlos Seixas é uma figura sui generis na tecladística européia do início do século XVIII. Fatores vários, que estão sendo tratados neste Colóquio, imprimem à parcela considerável da produção para instrumentos de teclado de Carlos Seixas valores outros a de seus ilustres coetâneos, quer pela maneira do emprego de materiais e até mesmo por determinadas ousadias escriturais. Poder-se-ia considerar que nas 105 Sonatas para instrumentos de tecla transcritas por Macário Santiago Kastner e publicadas pela Fundação Gulbenkian na coleção Portugaliae Musica em 1980 e 1992, assim como nas outras Sonatas atualmente a ele atribuídas, há certa desigualdade no conteúdo, mas a maioria dessa importante criação pode equiparar-se às melhores obras para cravo escritas por Jean- Philippe Rameau (1683-1764), Johan Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), Georg Friedrich Haëndel (1685-1759), Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) e alguns importantes compositores do período. Há que se considerar que Carlos Seixas (1704-1742) nasceu cerca de 20 anos mais tarde que os autores citados, precedendo-os alguns lustros na morte. Alguns fatores foram preponderantes no sentido do reconhecimento tardio da produção para instrumentos de tecla de Carlos Seixas. Poder-se-iam citar determinantes geopolíticas que durante séculos caracterizaram a prevalência de culturas às outras e entre estas aflora o “isolamento” de Portugal ao que se fazia musicalmente em França, Alemanha e Itália como um todo, tornando os contatos existentes escassos e pessoais. Acrescente-se o espírito sedentário de Carlos Seixas que, ao que consta, não ultrapassou as fronteiras geográficas de Portugal, assim como a comparação pejorativa que marcou e rotulou tantos autores no passado e que não foi diferente com o compositor de Coimbra, exemplificado como o Scarlatti português. -
Cá Dentro / Isabel Pereira Leite. E-Fabulations
[E‐F@BULATIONS / E‐F@BULAÇÕES ] 6 / NOV 2010 Cá Dentro Isabel Pereira Leite Faculdade de Letras Universidade do Porto Ilustração “Eu, à janela” de Isabel Pereira Leite 64 [E‐F@BULATIONS / E‐F@BULAÇÕES ] 6 / NOV 2010 Sou pretensiosa. A sério. Acredito que tenho um mundo só meu. Que construí olhando através da janela. Qualquer janela. Janelas para o mundo. Janelas ora abertas, ora fechadas. Às vezes apenas entreabertas, semiabertas, encostadas. As janelas são a melhor moldura para o mundo fora de nós. Enquadram-no sem que ele se aperceba. É bom para quem está do lado de cá, dentro do seu mundo. Esse mundo que é só meu, é um mundo cheio de mundo. Estranho, porque é, sobretudo, um mundo puramente abstracto. Abstracto porque musical. É! Feito de um incomensurável número de pautas gravadas na memória. De notas que sei de cor ou que, às vezes, invento, porque nada traduz melhor o sentimento do que a música. O que vejo, quando me deixo ficar à janela, à minha janela sobranceira ao mar, quase sempre é o que não está lá. Vejo toda uma corte, ouvindo Haëndel que passa de barco com os seus músicos. Vejo quadros soberbos, sabendo que Mussorgsky compunha para eles, quando visitava exposições. Vejo a preto e branco e a cores, enquanto recordo o Requiem de Liszt e o Hino mais célebre do mundo, o que celebra a Alegria. Vejo Jean-Baptiste Lully cortejando a Marquesa que sai do palácio que fica mesmo ao lado da minha casa. Entretanto, Jordi Savall acena a Marin Marais que atravessa a rua porque se esqueceu da sequência encomendada para o filme que vai abrir o festival.