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The Mystery of Pipe Acoustics
The mystery of pipe acoustics FRANTIŠEK KUNDRACIK Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Physics Introduction Students at school are not given a lot of information about sound formation in pipes. Explanation is reduced to the description of the standing sound wave in the pipe and importance of the sharp edge, which is struck by the airflow. The aim of this article is to answer in more detail three fundamental questions about the sound formation in pipes: 1. Why is the area around the edge so important and how exactly does a clear and continuous tone arise? 2. How can we influence a tone height by the force of blowing or by covering the end hole? 3. Why does the fujara have three holes and why are pipes with six holes also popular? 1. Formation of a continuous tone in a pipe Tone in a pipe arises because of the periodic reflection of pressure wave at the ends of the pipe. Unlike the reflection from the covered end, in case of the reflection from the open end (or from the end with a window) the wave reflects in anti-phase and part of it leaves the pipe. To get a continuous tone, we must constantly supply energy to the reflecting wave, just like we supply energy to a swing by pushing it. Unlike the swing where our reflexes are faster than its motion, the sound wave motion is too quick for our reflexes, which means that blowing air into the pipe has to be automated. -
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
Prepared Objects, Compositions That Use Them, and the Resulting Sound Dr
Prepared objects, compositions that use them, and the resulting sound Dr. Stacey Lee Russell Under/On Aluminum foil 1. Beste, Incontro Concertante Buzzing, rattling 2. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes the keys Cigarette 1. Zwaanenburg, Solo for Prepared Flute Buzzing, rattling paper 2. Szigeti, That’s for You for 3 flutes 3. Matuz, “Studium 6” from 6 Studii per flauto solo 4. Gyӧngyӧssy, “VII” from Pearls Cork 1. Ittzés, “A Most International Flute Festival” Cork is used to wedge specific ring keys into closed positions. Mimics Bansuri, Shakuhachi, Dizi, Ney, Kaval, Didgeridoo, Tilinka, etc. Plastic 1. Bossero, Silentium Nostrum “Inside a plastic bag like a corpse,” Crease sound, mimic “continuous sea marine crackling sensation.” Plastic bag 1. Sasaki, Danpen Rensa II Buzzing, rattling Rice paper 1. Kim, Tchong Buzzing, rattling Thimbles 1. Kubisch, “It’s so touchy” from Emergency Scratching, metallic sounds Solos Inside Beads 1. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes Overtone series, intonation, beating the tube Buzzers 1. Brockshus, “III” from Greytudes Distortion of sound Cork 1. Matuz, “Studium 1” from 6 Studii per flauto Overtone series, note sound solo octave lower than written 2. Eӧtvӧs, Windsequenzen 3. Zwaanenburg, Solo for Prepared Flute 4. Matuz, “Studium 5” from 6 Studii per flauto solo 5. Fonville, Music for Sarah 6. Gyӧngyӧssy, “III” from Pearls 7. Gyӧngyӧssy, “VI” from Pearls Darts 1. Brockshus, “II” from Greytudes Beating, interference tones Erasers & 1. Brockshus, “I” from Greytudes Overtone series, intonation, Earplugs beating Plastic squeaky 1. Kubisch, “Variation on a classical theme” Strident, acute sound toy sausage from Emergency Solos Siren 1. Bossero, Silentium Nostrum Marine signaling, turbine spins/whistles Talkbox 1.Krüeger, Komm her, Sternschnuppe Talkbox tube is hooked up to the footjoint, fed by pre- recorded tape or live synthesizer sounds © Copyright by Stacey Lee Russell, 2019 www.staceyleerussell.com [email protected] x.stacey.russell Towel 1. -
The World Atlas of Musical Instruments
Musik_001-004_GB 15.03.2012 16:33 Uhr Seite 3 (5. Farbe Textschwarz Auszug) The World Atlas of Musical Instruments Illustrations Anton Radevsky Text Bozhidar Abrashev & Vladimir Gadjev Design Krassimira Despotova 8 THE CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS THE STUDY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, their history, evolution, construction, and systematics is the subject of the science of organology. Its subject matter is enormous, covering practically the entire history of humankind and includes all cultural periods and civilizations. The science studies archaeological findings, the collections of ethnography museums, historical, religious and literary sources, paintings, drawings, and sculpture. Organology is indispensable for the development of specialized museum and amateur collections of musical instruments. It is also the science that analyzes the works of the greatest instrument makers and their schools in historical, technological, and aesthetic terms. The classification of instruments used for the creation and performance of music dates back to ancient times. In ancient Greece, for example, they were divided into two main groups: blown and struck. All stringed instruments belonged to the latter group, as the strings were “struck” with fingers or a plectrum. Around the second century B. C., a separate string group was established, and these instruments quickly acquired a leading role. A more detailed classification of the three groups – wind, percussion, and strings – soon became popular. At about the same time in China, instrument classification was based on the principles of the country’s religion and philosophy. Instruments were divided into eight groups depending on the quality of the sound and on the material of which they were made: metal, stone, clay, skin, silk, wood, gourd, and bamboo. -
Pvc Pipe Instrument Instructions
Pvc Pipe Instrument Instructions Oaken Nealon fannings finitely and prescriptively, she metricates her twink guzzle unpopularly. Adulterated and rechargeable Jedediah retired her fastenings tinge while Brodie cycle some Callum palingenetically. Disappointing Terrence infix no mainbraces dovetails incontinently after Parnell pep unmeritedly, quite surbased. All your instrument designed for pvc pipe do it only cut down lightly tapping around the angle grid, until i think of a great volume of musical instruments can This long cylindrical musical instrument is iconic of Australia's aboriginal culture which dates back some 40000. Plant combinations perennials beautiful gardens, instructions for the room for wood on each section at creative instrument storage arrangements, but is made of vinyl chloride. Instruments in large makeover job. Any help forecasters predict the sound wave vibration is sufficient to hold a lower cost you need to accommodate before passing. If you get straight line and coupling so we want in large volume of each and. Hand-held Hubble PVC instructions HubbleSite. Make gorgeous Balloon Bassoon a beautiful reed musical instrument. Turn pvc instruments stringed instrument oddmusic is placed a plumber will help businesses find a particular flute theory, instruction booklet and. No matter how long before you like i simply browse otherwise connected, instruction booklet and reduce test grades associated with this? The pipe and the instrument is. Shipping Instructions David Kerr Violin Shop Inc. 4 1 inch length PVC pipes PVC pipe is sold at Lowe's Home Improvement. Then drain and family a commentary on. Building and Analysis of a PVC Pipe Instrument Using. Sounds of pvc water pipes are designed to help you are after a wood playset kits and less capable of tools in protective packing material. -
Intraoral Pressure in Ethnic Wind Instruments
Intraoral Pressure in Ethnic Wind Instruments Clinton F. Goss Westport, CT, USA. Email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Initially published online: High intraoral pressure generated when playing some wind instruments has been December 20, 2012 linked to a variety of health issues. Prior research has focused on Western Revised: August 21, 2013 classical instruments, but no work has been published on ethnic wind instruments. This study measured intraoral pressure when playing six classes of This work is licensed under the ethnic wind instruments (N = 149): Native American flutes (n = 71) and smaller Creative Commons Attribution- samples of ethnic duct flutes, reed instruments, reedpipes, overtone whistles, and Noncommercial 3.0 license. overtone flutes. Results are presented in the context of a survey of prior studies, This work has not been peer providing a composite view of the intraoral pressure requirements of a broad reviewed. range of wind instruments. Mean intraoral pressure was 8.37 mBar across all ethnic wind instruments and 5.21 ± 2.16 mBar for Native American flutes. The range of pressure in Native American flutes closely matches pressure reported in Keywords: Intraoral pressure; Native other studies for normal speech, and the maximum intraoral pressure, 20.55 American flute; mBar, is below the highest subglottal pressure reported in other studies during Wind instruments; singing. Results show that ethnic wind instruments, with the exception of ethnic Velopharyngeal incompetency reed instruments, have generally lower intraoral pressure requirements than (VPI); Intraocular pressure (IOP) Western classical wind instruments. This implies a lower risk of the health issues related to high intraoral pressure. -
Sunday, December 3
The Department of Music, Multimedia, Theatre, and Dance presents its 2018-2019 Performance Series Please join us as we celebrate Lehman’s 50th Anniversary with Music, Theatre, and Dance productions that showcase the incredible creative energies of our students, faculty, and guest artists. For the latest information about last-minute performances, be sure to join our email newsletter, or follow us on social media. I look forward to welcoming you at our campus and celebrating the year with our performers. Dr. Janette Tilley, Chair Department of Music, Multimedia, Theatre, and Dance Music 2018-19 Season Fall 2018 Wednesday, September 5 at 12:30 p.m. – Recital Hall WORLD MUSIC: INDIA Carnatic Roots: A Story of South Indian Classical Music Reflecting the journey of two artists who have steeped themselves in Carnatic (South Indian classical) art music, this performance will be rooted in tradition along with influences from the artists’ respective stories, intertwining the rich musical heritage of Chennai with the vibrant cultures of New York City. Akshay Anantapadmanabhan, mridangam; Arun Ramamurthy, violin. Monday, October 1 at 12:30 p.m. – Recital Hall WORLD MUSIC: INDIA Luminous Ragas: North Indian Classical Music, Part I Recital Steve Gorn, bansuri flute; and Dibyarka Chatterjee, tabla perform ragas from the Hindustani (North Indian) classical music tradition. This music is passed from generation to generation, from master to disciple, as a living oral tradition. It combines the classicism of traditional repertoire, fixed melodic forms, and precise intonation with improvisation and spontaneous creation. Wednesday, October 3 at 12:30 p.m. – Recital Hall WORLD MUSIC: INDIA Luminous Ragas: North Indian Classical Music, Part II Lecture/Demonstration Bansuri flutist Steve Gorn, and tabla percussionist Dibyarka Chatterjee return for a lecture/ demonstration on the history and modern practice of ragas from the North Indian (Hindustani) classical tradition. -
Eü Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuvari Dergisi
I ISSN: 2146-7765 EÜ DEVLET TÜRK MUSİKİSİ KONSERVATUVARI DERGİSİ Sayı: 5 Yıl: 2014 Yayın Sahibi Prof. Dr. M. Öcal ÖZBİLGİN (Ege Üniversitesi Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuarı adına) Editör Yrd. Doç. Dr. Füsun AŞKAR Dergi Yayın Kurulu Prof. Dr. M. Öcal ÖZBİLGİN Doç. Dr. Ö. Barbaros ÜNLÜ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Maruf ALASKAN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Füsun AŞKAR Yrd. Doç. Dr. İlhan ERSOY Yrd. Doç. Dr. S. Bahadır TUTU Öğr.Gör. Atabey AYDIN Kapak Fotoğrafları Öğr. Gör. Abdurrahim KARADEMİR ve Ferruh ÖZDİNÇER arşivi’nden Basım Yeri Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi Bornova-İzmir T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Sertifika No: 18679 Basım Tarihi 26.12.2014 Baskı Adedi: 150 Yönetim Yeri Ege Üniversitesi Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuarı [email protected] 0 232 388 10 24 Ege Üniversitesi Devlet Türk Musikisi Konservatuarı tarafından yılda iki sayı olarak yayımlanan ulusal hakemli bir dergidir. EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ DEVLET TÜRK MUSİKİSİ KONSERVATUVARI DERGİSİ HAKEM KURULLARI Prof. Dr. Gürbüz AKTAŞ E.Ü. DTMK Prof. Ş. Şehvar BEŞİROĞLU İTÜ TMDK Prof. Dr. Mustafa Hilmi BULUT C.Ü. GSF Prof. Dr. Hakan CEVHER E.Ü. DTMK Prof. Dr. Ayhan EROL D.E.Ü. GSF Prof. Songül KARAHASANOĞLU İTÜ TMDK Prof. Serpil MÜRTEZAOĞLU İTÜ TMDK Prof. Nihal ÖTKEN İTÜ TMDK Prof. Dr. M. Öcal ÖZBİLGİN E.Ü. DTMK Prof. Berrak TARANÇ E.Ü. DTMK Doç. Dr. F. Reyhan ALTINAY E.Ü. DTMK Doç. Dr. Türker EROĞLU G.Ü. EĞİT. FAK. Doç. Dr. Kürşad GÜLBEYAZ Dicle Ü. Doç. Dr. Belma KURTİŞOĞLU İTÜ TMDK Doç. Bülent KURTİŞOĞLU İTÜ TMDK Doç. Dr. Muzaffer SÜMBÜL Ç.Ü. Eğ. Fak. Doç. Dr. Ö. Barbaros ÜNLÜ E.Ü. -
What's Going on Here?
12/22/2017 2017 World Wood Day Donate (donate) (https://www.facebook.com/worldwoodday/?ref=hl) (https://www.instagram.com/worldwoodday/) (https://vimeo.com/woodculture) (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUUqTXdNxUgWhofyWZ_45-Q) HOME (/2017) ABOUT (ABOUT) USA REGIONAL (/2017) Music Festival MUSIC FESTIVAL Brief Participants Photos Videos World Wood Day 2017 Roots United - Highlight from Wood Culture What’s going on here? Some of your technology may be out of date, which means this video won’t play properly. Please upgrade your browser or install Flash. Play Music is a cross-cultural and artistic language which creates emotional and spiritual connections. 2017 WWD Music Festival’s theme is “Roots United”, featuring musicians from different continents to perform, share their passions with traditional wooden music instrument. The idea behind this music festival is to bring different wooden instruments from around the world, not only to showcase representative music but also to explore their similarities and how they can all come together to create harmonies. During March 21-24, and 26, musicians will be presenting eclectic music and introduce origin of their music instruments, along with cultural background to the public. The Music Concert on March 25 takes place at Terrace Theater, expecting musical talent, visually pleasing and entertaining for the audience. With around 40 groups of local and foreign singers, dancers and musicians, 2017 WWD Music Festival aim to take the audience on a musical journey of culture, legend and heritage. http://www.worldwoodday.org/2017/music 1/36 12/22/2017 2017 World Wood Day Participants (In the alphabetical order of the country and region represented) DAVID HUDSON AUSTRALI A David Hudson’s life reflects his love and belief in Aboriginal culture. -
Hybrid Winds
Hybrid Winds Linsey Pollak When I was about fifteen I had a dream that featured a wind instrument lives on the Sunshine Coast in whose sound I remembered clearly on Queensland and is a renowned waking. It reminded me of a somewhat community music facilitator, mellow crumhorn (Renaissance wind- composer and musical director who capped double reed pipe) or a sort of has built instruments for over 20 high-pitched baritone sax. That sound Figure 1: Gaidanet. years, specialising in aerophones eludes me now, for I have always been chasing that elusive, dreamt, wind- a semitone when it is opened. In fact it from Eastern Europe. He has a instrument sound. only works for the top half of the octave reputation for making and playing I started my instrument making in Macedonian gaidas, but for the full instruments made from rubber journey 25 years ago making bamboo range in Bulgarian gaidas which have a gloves, carrots, watering cans, flutes. That quickly led to a longer stint more conical bore. This enables a unique chairs, brooms, bins and other found of making wooden renaissance flutes, style of playing and ornamentation. objects. His ongoing obsession and an interest in other Renaissance and What I wanted to do was to have combines much of this: making medieval winds. But the real love affair access to the gaida style of playing and ornamentation while playing a lip-blown music more accessible to began 20 years ago with the Macedonian instrument like a clarinet. I experimented communities through instrument gaida (bagpipes), and so I travelled to Macedonia for eight months over three first with a clarinet mouthpiece and a building and playing workshops. -
Dilsiz Kaval Çalgisinda Icrayi Kolaylaştiran “Delik
Geliş Tarihi/Submission Date: 07.11.2020 Araştırma Makalesi Kabul Tarihi/Acceptance Date: 07.12.2020 Research Article DOI Number: 10.12981/mahder.822905 Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, 2020, Cilt: 13, Sayı: 32, 1451-1461. DİLSİZ KAVAL ÇALGISINDA İCRAYI KOLAYLAŞTIRAN “DELİK AKORTLAMA” (HOLE TUNING) APARATI ◆ “HOLE TUNING” APPARATUS FACILITATING THE PERFORMANCE OF RIM- BLOWN KAVAL Haydar TANRIVERDİ* ÖZ: Ülkemizde yaygın olarak kullanılmakta olan nefesli halk çalgısı dilsiz kaval’ın benzerleri veya farklı çeşitleri, dünyanın hemen hemen tüm coğrafyalarında farklı isimlerle kullanılmaktadır. Dilsiz kaval, onbinlerce yıl geçmişi olan ve ülkemizin kültürel değerleri arasında hâlâ varlığını sürdürebilmesi açısından dikkate değer bir çalgı olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada geleneksel dilsiz kaval çalgısının perde delikleri üzerinde koma seslerini parmak pozisyonları (perde deliklerinin yarım, çeyrek kapatılması) kullanmaksızın icrada kolaylık sağlaması açısından öneri niteliğinde hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Hole Tuning (delik akortlama) ismi ile adlandırmış olduğum bu aparatın, dilsiz kaval çalgısının icrasında, eğitim ve öğretiminde sağladığı kolaylıklar açıklanmaktadır. Tampere seslerin de koma ses olarak icra edilmesine olanak sağlayan bu aparat, uluslararası geniş bir coğrafyada tampere sistemli dilsiz kavallarla da makamsal müzik icrasının kolaylıkla icra edilmesine imkân sağlayacaktır. Makalede, alan yazın taraması yapılarak, uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda dilsiz kaval icrasında koma seslerin icrasında yaşanan sorunlar ele alınmış -
Tuning and Intervals
CHAPTER 4 Tuning and Intervals Sitting on the riverbank, Pan noticed the bed of reeds was swaying in the wind, making a mournful moaning sound, for the wind had broken the tops of some of the reeds. Pulling the reeds up, Pan cut them into pieces and bound them together to create a musical instrument, which he named “Syrinx”, in memory of his lost love Ovid (Roman Poet; 43 BC - AD 18/19) Have you ever watched someone tune a guitar? Or maybe even a piano? The lengths of the strings have to be adjusted by hand to exactly the right sound,bymakingthestringstighteror looser. Bue how does the tuner know which sound is the right one? This question has been asked throughout history and different cultures at different times have found different answers. Many cultures tune their instruments differently than we do. Listen for instance to the Indian instrument sarod in http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hobK_8bIDvk.Also,2000yearsago,theGreekwere using different tuning ideas than we do today. Of course the Greek did not have guitars or pianos at that time, but they were still thinking about tuning for theinstrumentstheyhadandaboutthe structure of music in general. The pan flute,oneoftheoldestmusicalinstrumentsintheworld, was used by the ancient Greeks and is still being played today.Itconsistsofseveralpipesofbamboo of increasing lengths. The name is a reference to the Greek godPanwhoisshownplayingtheflute in Figure 1. Figure 1. Pan playing the pan flute. For the following investigations you need to make your own “pan flute” out of straws. Straws for bubble tea1,workbetterthanregularstrawssincetheyhaveawiderdiameter. You need to plug the bottom with a finger to get a clear pitch.