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JOP. J (Online) 2020 July 31; 21(4): 72-73.

Editorial

Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreas: An Overview

Amir Houshang Mohammad Alizadeh

Research Center for and Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran

INTRODUCTION levels and as a result the pancreas needs to produce more than it would normally need An located behind the in the Pancreas to. With an insufficient amount of insulin in the upper left , surrounded by , liver, body, develops. Over time, the beta cells and . The pancreas produces digestive . become damaged and may stop producing insulin It also produces a called insulin (insulin altogether. It is more prevalent than type 1 in peoples. producing cells are called beta cells), that helps regulate Gestational diabetes: It occurs only during pregnancy. blood sugar levels, by assisting the transport of glucose Several changes in at that time make the from the blood into neighboring cells. Several major blood body unable to use insulin properly, as usual. So, vessels surround the pancreas, the superior mesenteric pancreas can't make enough insulin. Generally, this type , the superior mesenteric , the portal vein and of diabetes goes away after baby birth. But a person is the celiac axis, supplying blood to the pancreas and other more likely to have type-2 diabetes at later stage. abdominal organs. Diabetes sometimes relates to other problems Diabetes Mallitus A disease which prevents the with pancreas body from properly using the energy from the food. This Diabetes and (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes has no relation with the Pancreatitis. condition defined by persistently high levels of sugar Pancreatitis is a disease in which the pancreas becomes CORRELATION BETWEEN PANCREAS AND DIABETES Diabetes Mellitus occurs in a condition of insulin enzymes build up causing irritation in the cell of the resistance i.e. when the pancreas produces little or no pancreasinflamed. and This begin inflammation to digest the occursorgan itself. when pancreatic insulin at all. At this stage cells can no longer take up Pancreatitis is treatable, but in some cases, it may glucose from the blood, and as a result, levels of glucose require hospitalization. Causes of pancreatitis include in the blood rise, which is termed as . infections, smoking, heavy use and Hyperglycemia is responsible for most of the symptoms (small masses in gall bladder). and complications of diabetes. Pancreatitis is mainly of 2 types: Related diseases and disorders of the pancreas : In this, symptom suddenly comes occurs when pancreas doesn’t produce and lasts for few days enough or any insulin to handle the glucose in body. It results when our body’s attacks the insulin : In this symptom come and go over producing beta cells in pancreas. It’s is also called as Juvenile many years. This illness can damage cells in the pancreas, Diabetes as it often develops in childhood or teenage. which can cause scar tissue, loss of functions, and Type-2 diabetes occurs when body builds up resistance problems. If it happens over and over again, it can also to insulin, in this pancreas are able to produce insulin, cause diabetes. but that is not sufficient enough to bring down blood The Risk of Pancreatitis can be lowered by avoiding smoking, alcohol use. It can also be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and losing weight. RReceived July 20th, 2020 - Accepted July 30th, 2020 Keywords Pancreas; Diabetes Mallitus Diabetes and Pancreatic Correspondence Amir Houshang Mohammad Alizadeh Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid can have a link . Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Pancreatic cancer is a cancer which develops in the Iran Tel +0098-21-22432521 pancreas. Person who had diabetes for 5 or more years Fax +0098-21-22432517 or people who have type 2 diabetes are 2 times more E-mail [email protected] likely to develop pancreatic cancer. There is very complex

JOP. Journal of the Pancreas - http://pancreas.imedpub.com/ - Vol. 21 No. 4 – July 2020. [ISSN 1590-8577] 72 JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2020 July 31; 21(4): 72-73. correlation between diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Other Pancreatic disorders Diabetes increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, It leads to the development of insulin- and pancreatic cancer can sometimes lead to diabetes. requiring diabetes. In this sticky mucus causes scar tissue If a person develops type-2 diabetes after the age of to form on the pancreas. And this scarring can prevent 50 years then it may be a symptom of pancreatic cancer. producing enough insulin and as a result person can develop pancreatic cancer. In a very rare case pancreatic cancer unknown until a person undergoes routine test for diabetes. canManaging cause diabetes, diabetes as becomes it destroys difficult the cells if which a person produce has cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). The CFRD remains insulin of pancreas. Conflicts of Interest Causes of Pancreatic Cancer include smoking, extra weight (), aging (after 50 years), genetic reasons All named authors hereby declare that they have no (heredity), poor diet. Pancreas cancer cannot be diagnosed at early stage. conflicts of interest to disclose.

JOP. Journal of the Pancreas - http://pancreas.imedpub.com/ - Vol. 21 No. 4 – July 2020. [ISSN 1590-8577] 73