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Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: I Interdisciplinary Volume 20 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 New Numerals and Alphabets-Contribution towards New Knowledge, Cryptology, Encryption, Learner Support, and Afrocentric Studies By Kwesi Atta Sakyi ZCAS University Abstract- Human communication has developed over thousands of years with contributions to the development of written alphabets and numerals coming from the ancient Phoenicians, Sumerians, Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks, Romans, Indians and Arabs. Our objective in this paper is to introduce new forms of alphabets and numerals which have been developed by us as our personal contribution to the subject of human communication. We developed these characters about ten years ago and now we feel it is time to publish it in a short communication. In this paper, we review some of the literature pertaining to the development of writing and then we introduce the new forms of writing developed by usby stating forward how these new forms of writing can be applied in the real world of human communication. We hope that the new numerals and alphabets will be useful in the fields of encryption, cryptology, and education. Keywords: alphabets, characters, communication, cryptology, encryption, linguistics, numerals, phonology, syllables, calligraphy, palaeontology. GJSFR-I Classification: FOR Code: 330199p NewNumeralsandAlphabetsContributiontowardsNewKnowledgeCryptologyEncryptionLearnerSupportandAfrocentricStudies Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2020. Kwesi Atta Sakyi. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. New Numerals and Alphabets-Contribution towards New Knowledge, Cryptology, Encryption, Learner Support, and Afrocentric Studies Kwesi Atta Sakyi 2020 Abstract - Human communication has developed over r meaningfully to elicit appropriate responses (Turban et ea thousands of years with contributions to the development of al., 2015). Y written alphabets and numerals coming from the ancient Since the last two decades from the year 2000, 551 Phoenicians, Sumerians, Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks, there have been tremendous advancements in Romans, Indians and Arabs. Our objective in this paper is to technological development in the Information introduce new forms of alphabets and numerals which have been developed by us as our personal contribution to the Communication Technology arena, so much so that, there is need to pause and take stock of our gains and subject of human communication. We developed these V characters about ten years ago and now we feel it is time to losses. We are now in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) V publish it in a short communication. In this paper, we review and Machine Learning (ML), which offer many vistas ue ersion I some of the literature pertaining to the development of writing and new opportunities for breakthroughs, and at the s s and then we introduce the new forms of writing developed by same time, they pose as threats to human peaceful co- I usby stating forward how these new forms of writing can be existence, as some discoveries such as AI and ML may applied in the real world of human communication. We hope be used for diabolical and destructive ends, such as XX that the new numerals and alphabets will be useful in the fields creation of intelligent weaponry systems and unmanned of encryption, cryptology, and education. weapons launched from outer space. Keywords: alphabets, characters, communication, We are likely to see vistas of Smart Cities with cryptology, encryption, linguistics, numerals, phonology, extraordinary seamless and integrated transportation ) syllables, calligraphy, palaeontology. I systems, all made possible by AI and ML, using Big ( I. Introduction Data Analytics in Data Science. Also, we are likely to see further, the merging and integration of world trade, e are social scientists with training and commerce, e-learning, e-money or crypto-currency, and academic background in Educational convergent sociological systems in an integrated and Research Volume W Pedagogy and Psychology, Economics, boundary-less global community, tending towards what Geography, Business Management, Public many see as one World New Order (Turban et al., 2015; Administration, and we have a passion for the English Kissinger). Convergence itself can offer many cost- Frontier Language as poets and authors. We aim in this article saving opportunities, yet it can also lead to intrusion into to introduce new and innovative numerals and alphabet people’s privacy, as governments take control of characters which we hope will have many applications in databases like the case is in China, Russia and many of Science Linguistic Studies, Phonology, Cryptology, Programming the centrist-command nations of the world, where of Language, Computer Science, Machine Learning, databases are at the disposal of the authorities. Encryption, Communication Science, Information Also, we see a lot of kickback around the world Technology, and Early Childhood Education. against the installation of secret cameras in public Journal In this article, we introduce new numerals and places to spy on people, especially to help detect crime alphabets with a view to adding a new and fresh angle and apprehend traffic offenders. We find that many to the study of human communication. The article is a people worldwide are sceptical about the use of facial Global short communication that addresses our desire to show recognition technologies. All these events and actions creativity by adding to the corpus of existing knowledge have moral, ethical, and technical implications in the as part of our contribution to African scholarship. fields of information and communication technology, Information is any data that is organised into meaningful and they have capability to impact positively or form so as to be useful in addressing human problems negatively on the future lifestyles of human beings. and, which can be communicated strategically and We take note that Convergence of data Author: Head of Research, ZCAS University, Lusaka, Zambia. systems, through the use of the internet, can create e-mail: [email protected] problems of cyber-security for individuals and nations, ©2020 Global Journals New Numerals and Alphabets-Contribution towards New Knowledge, Cryptology, Encryption, Learner Support, and Afrocentric Studies as it was the case of William Assange and the saga of accurately across countries and across generations, the Wikileaks (Wikipedia). whether electronically or manually (History.com; Powell, The poor people who live in areas which lack 2009; Rogers, 2009). About ten years ago, we sat down internet connectivity may further be impoverished and and thought of developing new forms of alphabet and marginalised, leading to the widening of the gap numerals which we hope will be innovative to between the haves and have-nots, and also the communicators, scientists and those interested in widening of the internet divide between the rich North evolution of new ideas. and the poor South. We perceive that the migration of When we recall history through the works of businesses and educational systems online, into cyber Johann Guttenberg, William Caxton, Wycliffe and the space post-COVID-19, will cause many disruptions to host of writing and printing pioneers, we are struck with the way businesses have been run, and also it will awe at their relentless efforts to bestow to us the art of cascade into a quantum leap in unemployment in the writing and publishing, which at a point in the distant 2020 first phase of this second wave of the great depression. past, were activities reserved for priests in performing r Thereafter, we estimate that about 20-30 years from their sacred rites (Sass, 2005; Nice, 2010). Writing, at a ea Y now, governments and the private sector will find ways point in time, was an exclusive preserve of the few to introduce new forms of market interventions, through initiates of esoteric and arcane society; a select few in 561 deskilling and retraining employees to adapt to the new the ancient world. The written word was not easily normal, and also through restructuring and reform of the accessible to everyone, especially the heathen or those current moribund economic system of free markets and considered vulgar, unlettered, and sans culottes or selfish capitalist principles. those of low pedigree in society (Racoma, 2018; V History.com, 2018). V II. Background III. Literature Review ue ersion I s We observe that, from time immemorial, human s beings have been thrilled by the desire to use devious a) Afrocentric Viewpoint I means to communicate their ideas to their neighbours, According to the United Nations Educational XX and also to future generations, by the use of symbols, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Arabic, designs, letters, characters, engravings, inscriptions, Bengali, English, French, German, Hindi, Japanese, etchings, incisions, graphics, recorded sounds and Mandarin Chinese, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish, videos, sculpture, artefacts, and paintings(Powell, 2009; each has at least 100 million speakers worldwide ) Schmandt-Besserat,
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