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Muslim League Was Founded at Decca on 31St December General Knowledge 1 | P a g e Geography of Pakistan 1. The 1,064 kilometers or 650 miles of the Pakistani coastline. 2. international boundaries totaling to 6,774 kilometers of boundaries, 3. The boundary with the Islamic Republic of Iran, is 909 kilometers, 4. International boundary with Afghanistan is 2,430 km kilometers long called Durand Line, 5. Border with China is 523 km long, and 6. Border with India 2,912 km long. Location of Neighboring Countries India to the east, Afghanistan to the northwest, and Iran to the west while China in the northeast. Provinces and their Area 1. Baluchistan 347,190 (km²) 2. Punjab 205,345 (km²) 3. Sindh 140,91 (km²) 4. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North-West Frontier) 74,521 (km²) 5. Gilgit-Baltistan 72,971 (km²) General Facts 1. The Northern Areas has five of the world's seventeen highest peaks along with highest range of mountains the Karakoram and Himalaya. 2. Extensive glaciers that it has sometimes been called the "Third Pole. 3. The northern highlands include parts of the Hindu Kush, the Karakoram Range, and the Himalayas 4. 4.8% of total area of Pak: is forests (standard is 25%) 5. 5 rivers flow in Punjab Ravi, Sutlaj, Chenab, Indus & Beas. 6. Durand line is b/w Peshawar and Afghanistan. 7. Ports and harbours are Kimari (Kar), Bin Qasim (Kar), 8. Kara korum Highway (Silkroute) B/w Pak: & China was completed on 18th June, 1978. 9. Cholistan desert is in Bahawlpur district. 10. Harpa is in Sahiwal. 11. Bhambhore is in Thatta. 12. Nanga Parbat is situated in Himalayan. 13. Total arable land of Pakistan is 27%. 14. Sub-Himalya is also known as Siwaliks. 15. Makran Coastal Highway connects Karachi with Gwader,port 16. Baluchistan is 44 % of total Pakistan. 17. The Sindh Sagar Doab is also known as Thal Desert. 18. Six barrages are constructed on the River Indus. 19. HisparGlacies is located in Hunza. 20. The coldest place in Pakistan is Sakardu. 21. Pakistan can be divided per climate into 4 regions. 2 | P a g e 22. Land between two rivers is called Do, aba. 23. Jinnah Barrage is originated on the river Sindh. 24. Sukkur barrage is completed in 1932 25. Sher Shah built G.T. Road. 26. Imperial Highway is the old name of G.T. Road. 27. • Karakoram highway passes through 3 ranges. 28. Karakoram highway passes through khunjrab pass. 29. Shandur Pass connects Gilgit with Chitral. 30. Thar Coalfield is the biggest coalfield of Pakistan. 31. Kotri barrage was built in 1955. 32. An M-1 motorway is Islamabad-Peshawar. 33. 43% of the gas is obtained from Sui. 34. The Salt Range in Punjab Province has large deposits of pure salt 35. The glacial area of the country covers some 13,680 sq. km 36. The Line of Control is 740 km (460 mi) long. 37. Siachen Glacier in Korakarm ranges Rainfall 1. In the north, where the rainfall is above 700mm. 2. Most of Balochistan and the major part of the Punjab south of Sahiwal, and Sindh receive rainfall less than 200 mm per year 3. There are two sources of rainfall in Pakistan, the Monsoon and the Western Depression 4. The monsoon rainfall takes place from July to September (Kharif season) 5. Since the monsoon enters from the east, the eastern part receives more rainfall from these. 6. The western depression enter Pakistan from the west after passing over Iran and Afghanistan, 7. Western Depression bring a small amount of rainfall to the western part of the country from December to March (Rabi season) 8. The Rainiest Place: Murree in Rawalpindi District (Punjab), with mean annual rainfall of about 1,484 mm (164cm).Glaciers of Pakistan Glaciers Km Sq. km 01 Siachen Glacier 75 1180 02 Biafo Glacier 68 625 03 Baltoro Glacier 62 755 04 Batura Glacier 58 290 05 Hispar Glacier 53 620 06 ChogoLungma Glacier 47 330 07 Rimo Glacier 45 510 08 Panmah Glacier 44 400 3 | P a g e 09 Khurdopin Glacier 41 280 10 SarpoLaggo Glacier 33 230 . Roads The road network in the country has a total road length of 257,683 kms, of which 152,033 are paved and 105,650 are unpaved. four national highways three important motorways 1. The Makran Coastal Highway follows the coast of Sindh and Balochistan provinces , linking Karachi and Gwadar 2. The Karakoram Highway the highest paved international road in the world. connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass. 3. The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For several centuries, it has linked the eastern and western regions of the Indian subcontinent, running from Bengal, across north India, to Peshawar in Pakistan. 4. The Silk Road It is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, including North Africa and Europe. It passes through the mid section of Pakistan through cities of Peshawar, Taxila and Multan. Motorways 1. M2 motorway M2 was the first motorway completed in 1998, linking the cities of Islamabad and Lahore 2. M1 motorway connecting Peshawar and Islamabad, 3. M3 motorway linking Faisalabad with M2 motorway Deserts of Pakistan 1. Thar (Sindh), area of 175,000 square kilometers It is the world’s 17th largest desert known as the “Great Indian Desert” 2. Thal (Punjab), 4 | P a g e located in Mianwali region of Pakistan between the Indus and Jhelum 3. Cholistan (Punjab). locally known as “Rohi” covers the area of Bhawalpur, Punjab. 4. Kharan Desert located in Balochistan 5. Indus Valley Desert area of 19,501 square kilometers located in the northern area of Pakistan DOABS OF PUNJAB 1. BIST JULLUNDHUR DOAB - Between SATLUJ and BEAS rivers. 2. BARI DOAB - Between BEAS and RAVI rivers. 3. RACHNA DOAB - Between RAVI and CHENAB rivers. 4. CHAL / JECH DOAB - Between CHENAB and JHELUM rivers. 5. SINDH SAGAR DOAB - Between JHELUM and INDUS rivers. Passes 1. Muztag pass connects Gilgit-Yarkand (China). 2. Khankum Pass connects Chitral-Wakhan (Afghanistan). 3. The Shandur Pass connects Chitral and Gilgit. 4. Khyber Pass connects Peshawar-Kabul. 5. Kulk pass connects Gilgit-China. 6. Bolan pass connects Iran and Pakistan. 7. Khanjrab pass connects Pak-China. MOUNTAIN RANGES OF PAKISTAN 1. Karakoram range, highest peak is K2 (8,611m or 28,244 feet). 2. Himalaya range, highest peak in Pakistan is Nanga Parbat (8,126m or 26,653 feet). 3. Hindu Kush range, highest peak is Tirich Mir (7,690 metres or 25,230 feet). 4. Sulaiman Mountains range, highest peak is Takht-e-Sulaiman (3,487 m or 11,437 feet). 5. Safed Koh range, highest peak is Mount Sikaram (4,761 m or 15,620 feet) 6. Pamir Mountains, junction of the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Hindu Kush ranges. 7. Salt Range, a hill system in the Punjab Province, abundant in salt 8. Toba Kakar Range, southern offshoot of the Himalayas in the Balochistan Land of Pakistan and how it is used? Land use/land cover Percentage % Forest. 5.2 Rangeland. 26.9 Agricultural land. 19.9 Open ground. 10.0 Exposed rocks. 24.5 Deserts. 9.7 Built-up/land 0.5 5 | P a g e Water logged and saline land 0.5 Water bodies 0.5 Snow and glaciers 2.3 Total 100 Sources; http://www.citypopulation.de/Pakistan-100T.html http://www.citypopulation.de/Pakistan-100T.html https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/9393/-Land_Use_Atlas_of_Pakistan- 2009Pakistan_LandUseAtlas_2009.pdf.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-optional-subjects/group-vii/geography/75491-geography-pakistan- important-key-points.html History of Sub-Continent 1857-1947 Important Events in the history 1857 Mutiny against the British. 1858 Government of India Act 1858. 1861 Indian Council Act 1861. 1885 Indian National Congress is founded by A.O. Hume. 1905 Partition of Bengal announced. 1906 Muslim League was founded at Decca on 31st December. 1909 Minto-Morley Reforms of Indian Councils Act – 21st May. 1910 Indian press act 1910. 1911 Partition of Bengal is cancelled. 1911 New Delhi established as the new capital of India. 1914 Outbreak of the 1st World War 4th August. 1918 Beginning of trade union movement in India. 1919 Rowlatt Bill introduced on Feb 16, 1919. 1919 The JallianwalaBagh tragedy took place on 13th April in Amritsar. 1919 The House of Commons passes the Montague Chelmsford Reforms or the Government of India Act, 1919 on 5th December. The new reforms under this Act came into operation in 1921. 1920 The Indian National Congress (INC) adopts the Non-Co-Operation Resolution in December. 1920-22 Mahatma Gandhi suspends Non-Co-Operation Movement on Feb 12 after the violent incidents at ChauriChaura. 1922 Moplah rebellion on the Malabar coast in August. 1923 Swaraj Party was formed by Motilal Nehru and others on 1st January. 1928 Nehru Report recommends principles for the new Constitution of India. All parties conference considers the Nehru Report, Aug 28-31, 1928. 1929 All Parties Muslim Conference formulates the ‘Fourteen Points’ under the leadership of Jinnah on 9th March. 1930 First Independence Day observed on 26th January. 1930 Mahatma Gandhi launches the Civil Disobedience movement with his epic Dandi Mar (Mar 12 to Apr 6). First phase of the Civil Disobedience movement: Mar 12, 1930 to Mar 5, 1931. 1930 First Round Table Conference begins in London to consider the report of the Simon Commission on 30th November. 1931 Second Round Table Conference took place on 7th September.
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