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Incidence of Livestock Diseases in Nomal and Naltar Valleys Gilgit, Pakistan

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Incidence of Livestock Diseases in Nomal and Naltar Valleys Gilgit, Pakistan Pakistan J. Agric. Res. Vol. 25 No. 1, 2012 INCIDENCE OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES IN NOMAL AND NALTAR VALLEYS GILGIT, PAKISTAN A. N. Naqvi and K. Fatima* ABSTRACT:-A research project was undertaken to study the incidence of livestock diseases in Nomal and Naltar valleys, Gilgit. The data on cattle, goat, sheep and donkey were collected from the Animal Husbandry Department from 2003 to 2007. In total 19259 animals were found affected with various diseases. The disorders reported in the area were digestive diseases, infect- ions, mastitis, reproductive diseases, endoparasites, ectoparasites, wounds, hematuria, respiratory diseases, emaciation, hemorrhagic septic-emia, tumour, blue tongue, cow pox, enterotoxaemia, tetanus, paralysis and arthritis. In precise, endoparasites were found in 25.3% animals followed by respiratory diseases (24.74%). Most of the cattle (2053) and sheep (926) were found affected with endoparasites, whereas most of the goats (3960) were suffering from respiratory disorders. The seasonal data indicated that the incidence of diseases prevailed was high (33.94%) in winter while it was as low as 14.18% in summer. Key Words: Nomal; Naltar; Livestock; Cattle; Goat; Sheep; Diseases; Endoparasites; Digestive System Disorders; Infections; Mastitis; Foot and Mouth Disease; Pakistan. INTRODUCTION including self-employed business- Pakistan is endowed with diverse men. About 20% of population dep- livestock genetic resources. Analysis ends on the agriculture and very few of livestock population trends show on livestock for their livelihood. that cattle population increased by Agricultural land of this valley is 219%, sheep by 299% and goats by mostly plain, fertile and suitable for 650% in the last 45 years (Afzal and all kinds of crops, vegetables and Naqvi, 2004). fruits. Nomal Valley is located in district of Naltar is another beautiful valley, Gilgit on the left of River Hunza about 35km from Gilgit. It is a forested 25 km from Gilgit and has a covered (pine) village known for its wildlife area of 9 miles. On its east across the and magnificient mountain scenery. river is Hunza, Jutal village and in Naltar is divided into two villages; the west is Hichini Pasture. In its Naltar Pine and Naltar Bala. Naltar North across the River is Gouaches Bala is bounded by Iskhkomen Harai Village and Gooro/Juglote, whereas and Pallo Peaks. Naltar valley has Faiz Abad (Chilmis) and Karakorum high vegetative growth and pastures International University,Gilgit- for grazing of livestock. Baltistan are on the South and Naltar Livestock are kept by the vast valley is in Northwest. The valley is majority of households and inhabited by 6000 people. household characteristics are typical People of Nomal valley are mostly of small-holder farming systems with employed in public and private sector relatively small land holdings * Karakorum International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Corresponding author:[email protected] 69 A.N. NAQVI AND K. FATIMA supporting a mixed-species herd followed by 2005(28.13%), 2006 (Wardeh, 1989). Livestock are kept (23.18%), 2003 (12.26%) and 2007 for (in approximate order of (8.02%) (Figure 1). The overall affec- importance) milk, dung, butter, meat, ted animals in 2003 were 2361 which transport, income, fiber, draught, included 669 cattle, 386 sheep, 1212 tradition (Wright et al., 2003). goats, and 94 donkeys. In 2004 the The livestock in valley is mainly owed overall affected animals were 5470, by the Gujar tribe people. A which included 1494 cattle, 3147 considerable population of the goats and 82 donkeys. In 2005 the Gujars lives in Naltar Bala. They affected animals were 5417, which subsist on both livestock and included 1557 cattle, 505 sheep, agriculture. Potato is the main crop of 3319 goats, and 37 donkeys. In 2006 the valley. Gujars are not the original overall affected animal were 4465, settlers of the Naltar valley. They that included 1546 cattle, 397 sheep, came to settle in the valley over a 2494 goats and 28 donkeys. Uptil century ago in search of pastures for April 2007, there were 1545 affected their livestock. animals including 278 cattle; 154 There is scanty published informa- sheep; 1103 goat and 10 donkeys. tion on diseases and health disorders 3500 2003 which affect the livestock of Nomal 3000 2004 and Naltar valleys. The principal 2005 2500 objective of this research exercise 2006 was to document the incidence of 2000 2007 diseases of livestock in Nomal and 1500 Naltar valleys of Gilgit. 1000 500 MATERIALS AND METHOD 0 A study was undertaken on livestock Cattle Sheep Goat Donkey diseases in Nomal and Naltar valleys Figure 1. Year-wise livestock diseases in of Gilgit. Primary data regarding the Nomal and Naltar Valleys diseased animals were collected from Season-wise analysis of livestock the Veterinary Dispensary Nomal diseases indicated that the highest from January 2003 to June 2007. number of diseases (33.94%) Cattle, goat, sheep and donkey were occurred in winter (December, studied for the incidence of various January, and February) followed by diseases. Data was analyzed to see spring (29.53%), autumn (22.35%) the incidence of various diseases and and summer (14.19%). In winter the year, month, season wise trends of overall affected animals were 6536, disease prevalence. which included 1373 cattle, 1057 sheep, 4053 goat and 53 donkeys. In RESULTS AND DISCUSSION spring (March, April, May), 5687 The overall data on livestock diseases affected animals included 1283 cattle, in Nomal valley during 2003-2007 625 sheep, 3737 goats, and 52 indicated that 19259 animals were donkeys. In summer (June, July, affected by various diseases / disord- August) 2732 animals were found ers. The highest number of animals affected, which included 1161 cattle, were affected in 2004 (28.40%) 115 sheep, 1356 goat and 100 70 INCIDENCE OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES donkeys. In autumn 4304 animals parasites included liver fluke, worms, were found affected, which included helminthes, worm infestation and 1728 cattle, 401 sheep, 2129 goat acute foscioliosis. and 46 donkeys (Figure 2). The location-wise disease data indicated that there are total 15 4500 Winter 4000 Spring places and overall 19259 animals 3500 Summer were affected (Table 2). Most of the 3000 Autumn affected animals were found in the 2500 2000 Sigal valley i.e., 4277 out of which 1500 2091 were cattle, 274 sheep, 1865 1000 goat, and 46 donkeys, this valley 500 0 includes Khaltharote, Kamal Abad Cattle Sheep Goat Donkey Khai and Jaffaria. Following the Sigal Figure 2. Season-wise livestock diseases in most of the affected animals were Nomal and Naltar Valleys found in Naltar i.e., 3146 of which 23 The data on month-wise were cattle, 515 sheep, 2605 goat and livestock diseases indicated that the three donkeys. In Majinee mohalla highest number of animals overall 2145 affected animals were contracted diseases in April (13.28%) found, of which 708 were cattle, 359 followed by 12.46% in December sheep, 960 goat and 118 donkeys. In (Figure 3). The overall affected Jutal overall 1141 animals were animals in April were 2549, of which found affected, which included 215 434 were cattle, 224 sheep, 1874 goat, cattle, 29 sheep, 896 goats and one and 17 donkeys. In December, the donkey. In Amin Abad, Ishpash, affected animals totaled 2400 of Batote and Sajjadia 1828 animals which 639 were cattle, 343 sheep, were found affected out of which 817 1406 goat and 12 donkeys. In June, were cattle, 219 sheep, 771 goat and the incidence of diseases was low as 21 donkeys. In Momin Abad affected overall affected animals were 788, animals were 1105, which included which included 287 cattle, 21 sheep, 476 cattle, 98 sheep, 513 goat and 18 459 goat and 21 donkeys. donkeys. In Nomal Dass and Sadruddin Abad, the overall affected 2500 animals were 2335, which included 496 cattle, 467 sheep, 1371 goat and 2000 one donkey. In Jagot and Sadat r r Colony total affected animals were e 1500 e b b l y i 411 which included 170 cattle, 51 r m m r a e e h p y c v c u r A sheep, 160 goat and 30 donkeys. The r r e o 1000 a r a b r u t N D e e e s M n b total affected animals in Gawach b F y u y a o e l m a t g J e n t u c u were 1512, which included 38 cattle, 500 M p u J e O A J 0 S 70 sheep and 1404 goats. In Affected Animals Oshikhan Dass and Khan Abad the Figure 3. Month-wise livestock diseases in overall affected animals were Nomal and Naltar Valleys 561including 304 cattle, 45 sheep, The highest number of 209 goat and 3 donkeys. In Damote, affected animals (25.30%) was found Dumial, Hussain Abad, Tormoi and with endoparasites (Table1). Endo- Mehdi Abad there were overall 249 71 A.N. NAQVI AND K. FATIMA affected animal which included 108 affected cattle and 20 goats were cattle, 21 sheep, 110 goat and 10 brought to the veterinary hospital donkeys. In Faiz Abad the overall during the period under study. Few affected animals were 96, which affected animals (7) were found in included 63 cattle and 33 goats. In Rahim Abab, which included 6 cattle Bar, Danyour, Haramosh, Juglote and 1 goat. and Gilgit the overall affected anim- Zahid et al. (2005) investig- als were 412 which included 15 cattle, ated incidence of endoparasites in 40 sheep and 357 goats. In Nilt 15 100 and 157 young stock of Holstein- Table 1. Frequency distribution of diseases/ disorders of livestock in Nomal and Naltar valleys, Gilgit during 2003-2007 Disease Cattle Sheep Goat Donkey Overall Percentage Digestive system Disorders1 837 260 1359 31 2487 12.91 Infections2 519 42 429 16 1006 5.223 Mastitis 208 6 166 1 381
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