Brief Description of the Northern Areas
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he designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do T not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: IUCN Pakistan. Copyright: ©2003 Government of Pakistan, Northern Areas Administration and IUCN–The World Conservation Union. Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior permission from the copyright holders, providing the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of the publication for resale or for other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holders. Citation: Government of Pakistan and IUCN, 2003. Northern Areas State of Environment and Development. IUCN Pakistan, Karachi. xlvii+301 pp. Compiled by: Scott Perkin Resource person: Hamid Sarfraz ISBN: 969-8141-60-X Cover & layout design: Creative Unit (Pvt.) Ltd. Cover photographs: Gilgit Colour Lab, Hamid Sarfraz, Khushal Habibi, Serendip and WWF-Pakistan. Printed by: Yaqeen Art Press Available from: IUCN–The World Conservation Union 1 Bath Island Road, Karachi Tel.: 92 21 - 5861540/41/42 Fax: 92 21 - 5861448, 5835760 Website: www.northernareas.gov.pk/nassd N O RT H E R N A R E A S State of Environment & Development Co n t e n t s Acronyms and Abbreviations vi Glossary xii Preface xiv Acknowledgements xvi Executive Summary Part I: Background xviii Part II: The State of the Environment and Development in the Northern Areas xxi Chapter 1 Introduction Rationale and Objectives 1 Process 2 Report Structure 4 Chapter 2 Brief Description of the Northern Areas Location and Administration 8 Topography 8 Climate 8 Vegetation and Ecological Zones 9 History 10 Population 12 Principal Land-Uses 13 Key Environment and Development Issues 14 Chapter 3 Agriculture and Food Security Context and Rationale 19 Status 20 Issues and Trends 24 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 29 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 32 Chapter 4 Forests Context and Rationale 37 Status 38 Issues and Trends 42 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 48 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 50 Chapter 5 Rangelands and Livestock Context and Rationale 53 Status 54 Issues and Trends 59 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 61 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 64 Chapter 6 Biodiversity Context and Rationale 67 Status 68 Issues and Trends 80 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 84 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 88 Chapter 7 Water Context and Rationale 91 Status 92 Issues and Trends 97 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 99 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 100 Chapter 8 Ambient Air Quality Context and Rationale 105 Status 106 Issues and Trends 112 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 113 Chapter 9 Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Context and Rationale 117 Status 118 Issues and Trends 122 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 127 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 129 Chapter 10 Energy Context and Rationale 131 Status 132 Key Institutions 136 Issues and Trends 137 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 139 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 141 Chapter 11 The Private Sector Context and Rationale 145 Status 146 Issues and Trends 151 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 153 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 156 Chapter 12 The Urban Environement Context and Rationale 159 Status 160 Issues and Trends 163 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 166 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 167 Chapter 13 Population, Poverty and Environment Context and Rationale 171 Status 175 Issues and Trends 179 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 183 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 184 Chapter 14 Gender, Environment and Development iv Context and Rationale 187 Status 188 Issues and Trends 188 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 194 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 197 Chapter 15 Environmental Health Context and Rationale 199 Status 200 Issues and Trends 203 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 204 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 205 Chapter 16 Education Context and Rationale 209 Status 210 Issues and Trends 212 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 214 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 216 Chapter 17 Communication for Sustainable Development Context and Rationale 219 Status 220 Issues and Trends 223 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 224 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 229 Chapter 18 Information Management Context and Rationale 231 The Status of Information Management in the Northern Areas 235 Issues and Trends 236 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 236 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 237 Chapter 19 Governance Context and Rationale 241 Status 242 Issues and Trends 244 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 246 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 247 Chapter 20 Non-Governmental Organisations Context and Rationale 249 Status 250 Issues and Trends 252 Previous and Ongoing Initiatives 258 The Way Ahead: Strategic Options for the Future 259 Appendices NASSD Background Papers 264 Key Sectoral Legislation 265 Key Government Institutions 272 Donor Funded Projects in the Northern Areas (2001 – 2003) 274 NACS Steering Committee 275 Maps 276 Bibliography 288 v Acronyms and Ab b r e v i a t i o n s °C Degrees Celsius BACIP Building and Construction Improvement Programme µg Microgram BAEJ Baltistan Association of Environmental Journalists ACO Agriculture Census Organization BASDO Belour Advisory and Social Development ACP Alpine Club of Pakistan Organisation ADBP Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan BCF Baltistan Culture Foundation AESWSH Association of Education and Social Welfare BCS Balochistan Conservation Strategy Societies, Hunza BGIC Batura Glacier Investigation Group AFEJ Asian Forum of Environmental Journalists BHEF Baltistan Health and Education Foundation AFP Adventure Foundation of Pakistan BHU Basic Health Unit AGPR Accountant General Pakistan Revenue BNN Baltistan NGO Network AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir BTDMP Balochistan Trial District Management Programme AKCEB Aga Khan Central Education Board CAI Central Asia Institute AKCHB Aga Khan Central Health Board CBO Community-Based Organisation AKCSP Aga Khan Cultural Services, Pakistan CEDAW Convention on Elimination of all forms of AKDN Aga Khan Development Network Discrimination Against Women AKEPB Aga Khan Economic Planning Board CHW Community Health Worker AKESP Aga Khan Education Services, Pakistan CIDA Canadian International Development Agency AKF Aga Khan Foundation CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered AKHB Aga Khan Housing Board Species of Wild Fauna and Flora AKHSP Aga Khan Health Services, Pakistan CNG Compressed Natural Gas AKPBS Aga Khan Planning and Building Services COMSATS Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South AKRSP Aga Khan Rural Support Programme CT Certificated Teacher AKTC Aga Khan Trust for Culture Cusec A dated unit of flow equal to one cubic foot per AKU Aga Khan University second (equivalent to 28 litres per second) AWB Area Water Boards (proposed) DCC District Conservation Committee B.Ed Bachelor of Education DFID Department for International Development (UK) DFO Divisional Forest Officer Zusammenarbeit (German Technical Cooperation Agency) DHO District Health Officer GUI Graphical User Interface DHQ District Headquarters GWSS Greater Water Supply Scheme DMIS District Management Information System ha Hectare DoA Department of Agriculture HACF Hunza Arts and Cultural Forum DoAH Department of Animal Husbandry HDI Human Development Index DoAr Department of Archaeology HEC Hunza Environmental Committee DoEd Directorate of Education HEPO Hydro-Electric Planning Organisation DoF Department of Fisheries HERP Hunza Education Resource Project DoFAF Department of Food, Agriculture and Forests HESS Household Energy Strategy Study DoH Department of Health HGC Himalayan Green Club EIA Environmental Impact Assessment HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome EPA Environmental Protection Agency HQ Headquarters EPI Expanded Programme of Immunisation HRD Human Resources Development FBS Federal Bureau of Statistics HWF Himalayan Wildlife Foundation FCA Forest Contractors’ Association HWP Himalayan Wildlife Project FEJP Forum of Environmental Journalists, Pakistan HYV High Yielding Variety FFEJ Frontier Forum of Environmental IAHS International Association of Hydrological Journalists Sciences FHIES Farm Household Income and Expenditure IBPGR International Board for Plant Genetic Survey Resources FPAP Family Planning Association of Pakistan ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development FPCCI Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industries ICT Information and Communication Technology FSCRD Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department IDA International Development Association FWO Frontier Works Organisation IDRC International Development Research Centre GAD Gender and Development IFAD International Fund for Agricultural GAEJ Gilgit Association of Environmental Development Journalists IPM Integrated Pest Management GCIC Gilgit Conservation and Information Centre IPRSP Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper GDI Gender Development Index IRRI International Rice Research Institute