DOCSLIB.ORG

The First Part of the Research Will Deal with the Todays Implementation of Various Modes of Interaction Within Existing Buildin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The First Part of the Research Will Deal with the Todays Implementation of Various Modes of Interaction Within Existing Buildin Modes of Interaction in Computational Architecture by Dragana Čebzan Antić A dissertation Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Centre for Cultural Studies) Goldsmiths, University of London March 2012 1 I hereby declare that this thesis is entirely my work ______________________________________ Dragana Čebzan Antić March 2012 2 Abstract This thesis is an enquiry into the importance and influence of interaction in architecture, the importance of which is observed through different modes of interaction occurring in various aspects of architectural discourse and practice. Interaction is primarily observed through the different use of software within architectural practice and in the construction of buildings, façades and systems. In turn, the kind of influences software has on architecture is one of the underlying questions of this thesis. Four qualities: Concept, Materiality, Digitization and Interactivity, are proposed as a theoretical base for the analysis and assessment of different aspects of computational architecture. These four qualities permeate and connect the diverse areas of research discussed, including architecture, cybernetics, computer science, interaction design and new media studies, which in combination provide the theoretical background. The modalities of computational architecture analysed here are, digital interior spaces, digitized design processes and communicational exterior environments. The analysis is conducted through case studies: The Fun Palace, Generator Project, Water Pavilion, Tower of Winds, Institute du Monde Arabe, The KPN building, Aegis Hyposurface, BIX Façade, Galleria Department Store, Dexia Tower, and also E:cue, Microstation, Auto- Cad, Rhino, Top Solid and GenerativeComponents software. These are important for discussion because they present different architectural concepts and thoughts about interactivity within architecture. The analytical processes used in the research distinguished and refined, eight modes of interaction: (1) interaction as a participatory process; (2) cybernetic mutualism; (3) thematic interaction; (4) human- computer interaction during architectural design production; (5) interaction during digital fabrication; (6) parametric interaction; (7) kinetic interaction with dynamic architectural forms; and (8) interaction with façades. Out of these, cybernetic mutualism is the mode of interaction proposed by this thesis. Keywords: Interaction, architectural space, software, cybernetics, social interaction, mutualism, cybernetic architectural environment, participation, parametricism, digital fabrication. 3 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................... 11 Chapter Overview ..................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 1: Modes of Interaction – Identifying Physical and Digital …................ 21 1.1 Concept ….................................................................................................... 24 1.1.1 The Concept of Interaction Through Architectural Ideas …..... 28 1.1.1.1 The Futurists’ Technological Imagination ….................. 29 1.1.1.2 The Metabolist's Synthesis of Nature and Technology .. 30 1.1.1.3 Archigram's Concept of Mobility …................................ 32 1.2 Materiality …............................................................................................... 35 1.2.1 Materiality of the Façade ............................................................. 38 1.2.2 The New Materiality of Digitized Fabrication Processes …....... 41 1.2.3 Virtual Materiality and Smart Materials …................................ 44 1.2.4 Materiality of the Digitized Surface …......................................... 46 1.3 Digitization ….............................................................................................. 49 1.3.1 Customisation as Digitization Process .......................................... 53 1.3.2 Digitization of the Environment ................................................... 55 1.4 Interaction …............................................................................................... 58 1.3.1 Informed Participation as Interactive State ................................ 61 1.3.2 Architectural Interactive Modalities ........................................... 64 1.3.3 Interactive Relationships Between the Human Body and the Architectural Space ................................................................................. 66 1.3.4 Urban and Architectural Context for Interaction ….................. 70 Chapter 2: Cybernetic Environments – Interactions of the Digital and Physical 75 2.0.1 Development of Cybernetic Concepts …...................................... 75 2.0.1.1 Homeostasis …................................................................... 76 2.0.1.2 Reflexivity …...................................................................... 78 2.0.1.3 Virtuality …........................................................................ 82 2.1 Cybernetic Architectural Environments ….............................................. 85 2.1.1 Chronology of Cybernetic Architectural Environments …........ 87 4 2.1.2 Modes of Interaction in Cybernetic Environments .................... 89 2.1.3 Soft-Architecture …........................................................................ 92 2.2 Modes of Social Interaction in the Fun Palace Project …....................... 97 2.2.1 Fun Palace as Self-Organised System …...................................... 99 2.3 Interaction Through Self-Organisation ….............................................. 102 2.3.1 Form-Finding as Self-Organisational Process in Architecture 104 2.3.2 Simulation Systems in Architectural Design …......................... 107 2.4 Concept of Mutualism as Interactive Process ….................................... 111 2.4.1 Cybernetic Mutualism – Embedded Computer Systems …..... 113 2.5 Intelligent Environments and Smart Rooms …..................................... 117 2.5.1 Mutuality of Discrete Interaction …........................................... 119 2.6 Modes of Thematic Interaction in The Water Pavilion Project …........ 122 2.7 Conclusions …........................................................................................... 127 2.7.1 Interaction as Participatory Process …...................................... 127 2.7.2 Interaction as Cybernetic Mutualism ….................................... 130 2.7.3 Thematic Interaction …............................................................... 133 Chapter 3: Digitization of the Design Process – Incorporating Digital into Physical ...................................................................................................................................... 135 3.0.1 Aesthetic Expression …................................................................ 137 3.0.2 Architectural Dichotomy …......................................................... 139 3.0.3 Construction of the Architectural Drawing – Form-Giving Process in the Hand-Made Mode of Production ….......................................... 142 3.0.4 Modes of Interaction in the Digitized Architectural Design Process …................................................................................................................ 146 3.0.5 The Condition of Materiality ….................................................. 149 3.1 The Process of Traditional Fabrication: Technical Hand-Drawings …150 3.1.1 Drawing Production in the Concept Stage …............................. 152 3.2 The Process of Architectural Design Digitization: Computer Drawings …......................................................................................................................... 156 3.2.1 Important Concepts in Computer-aided Drawing Production .. 157 3.2.2 The Mode of Interaction with Software …................................. 159 3.2.3 Creative Approaches in Software Use ….................................... 162 5 3.3 From Digital to Physical: Software for Technical Drawing Production …......................................................................................................................... 164 3.3.1 An Early CAD Concept …........................................................... 165 3.3.2 Impact of CAD Software on Architectural Design …............... 167 3.4 Digital Fabrication of Physical Objects ….............................................. 170 3.4.1 CNC Process – Aesthetics of Cutting, Milling and Drilling …. 172 3.4.2 Rapid Prototyping Process – Materiality Refinement ….......... 175 3.5 Virtual Physicality: Software for Three-Dimensional Geometric Modelling …......................................................................................................181 3.5.1 Form Processing …....................................................................... 183 3.5.2 Implications of Curvilinearity: The Concept of Folding and Blob Forms ….................................................................................................. 186 3.5.3 Algorithmic Procedures in the Rendering Process – Development of Concepts …......................................................................................... 190 3.5.4 Architectural Aesthetic Expression in the Rendered Virtual Representation …................................................................................... 194 3.6 The Concept of Parametricism …............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This Copy of the Thesis Has Been
    University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2012 Life Expansion: Toward an Artistic, Design-Based Theory of the Transhuman / Posthuman Vita-More, Natasha http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1182 University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognize that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior consent. 1 Life Expansion: Toward an Artistic, Design-Based Theory of the Transhuman / Posthuman by NATASHA VITA-MORE A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfillment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Art & Media Faculty of Arts April 2012 2 Natasha Vita-More Life Expansion: Toward an Artistic, Design-Based Theory of the Transhuman / Posthuman The thesis’ study of life expansion proposes a framework for artistic, design-based approaches concerned with prolonging human life and sustaining personal identity. To delineate the topic: life expansion means increasing the length of time a person is alive and diversifying the matter in which a person exists.
    [Show full text]
  • Spangler Ku 0099D 11237 DA
    Abstract This study sought to gain a deeper understanding of the types of benefits, programs, and organizational practices employers currently are providing to prevent distress among employees or to help employees become more resilient to adverse conditions. Forty-six employer representatives discussed the perceived strengths of their organizations’ approaches during interviews and discussion groups. Grounded theory methodology was employed to sample and analyze these data. Based on patterns that emerged from the narratives of these participants, a model is proposed to explain three effective approaches used by employers in addressing stress in the workplace: 1) preventing stress/building resilience, 2) providing information, resources, and benefits to employees, and 3) intervening actively with troubled employees. Trust, both in relationships and in organizational structures, emerged as a core concept explaining effectiveness of these approaches. This model may be used to frame future strategies used by employers to support healthy engaged employees and to guide investigations into social and emotional aspects related to work. iii Acknowledgments Finishing a dissertation feels similar to climbing a mountain – looking back on where you have been makes you feel a little weary, but the view from the top is quite exhilarating and immensely satisfying. You also see there are other peaks left to master. I offer warm gratitude to many people who helped me during my climb. To all of the professors over the years who created opportunities for thinking deeply and pondering life’s important questions. To Lisa Mische Lawson for helping to chart my course of study over the years in the Therapeutic Science curriculum and advice during the dissertation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Stress, Cortison Und Homöostase
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library N.T.M. 18 (2010) 169–195 0036-6978/10/020169-27 DOI 10.1007/s00048-010-0017-2 Published online: 10 August 2010 RTICLES PRINGER ASEL Ó 2010 S B AG /A . RTIKEL A Stress, Cortison und Homöostase Künstliche Nebennierenrindenhormone und physiologisches Gleichgewicht, 1936–1960 Lea Haller Stress, Cortisone and Homeostasis. Adrenal Cortex Hormones and Physiological Equilibrium, 1936–1960 This article investigates the emergence of the concept of stress in the 1930s and outlines its changing disciplinary and conceptual frames up until 1960. Originally stress was a physio- logical concept applied to the hormonal regulation of the body under stressful conditions. Correlated closely with chemical research into corticosteroids for more than a decade, the stress concept finally became a topic in cognitive psychology. One reason for this shift of the concept to another discipline was the fact that the hormones previously linked to the stress concept were successfully transferred from laboratory to medical practice and adopted by disciplines such as rheumatology and dermatology. Thus the stress concept was dissociated from its hormonal context and became a handy formula that allowed postindustrial soci- ety to conceive of stress as a matter of individual concern. From a physiological phenomenon stress turned into an object of psychological discourse and individual coping strategies. Keywords: Stress, general adaptation syndrome, hormones of the adrenal cortex, corti- sone therapy, coping Schlüsselwörter: Stress, Allgemeines Adaptationssyndrom, Nebennierenrindenhormone, Cortisontherapie, Stressbewältigung ,,No concept in the modern psychological, sociological, or psychiatric literature is more extensively studied than stress.’’ Stevan E.
    [Show full text]
  • Cinemeducation Movies Have Long Been Utilized to Highlight Varied
    Cinemeducation Movies have long been utilized to highlight varied areas in the field of psychiatry, including the role of the psychiatrist, issues in medical ethics, and the stigma toward people with mental illness. Furthermore, courses designed to teach psychopathology to trainees have traditionally used examples from art and literature to emphasize major teaching points. The integration of creative methods to teach psychiatry residents is essential as course directors are met with the challenge of captivating trainees with increasing demands on time and resources. Teachers must continue to strive to create learning environments that give residents opportunities to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information (1). To reach this goal, the use of film for teaching may have advantages over traditional didactics. Films are efficient, as they present a controlled patient scenario that can be used repeatedly from year to year. Psychiatry residency curricula that have incorporated viewing contemporary films were found to be useful and enjoyable pertaining to the field of psychiatry in general (2) as well as specific issues within psychiatry, such as acculturation (3). The construction of a formal movie club has also been shown to be a novel way to teach psychiatry residents various aspects of psychiatry (4). Introducing REDRUMTM Building on Kalra et al. (4), we created REDRUMTM (Reviewing [Mental] Disorders with a Reverent Understanding of the Macabre), a Psychopathology curriculum for PGY-1 and -2 residents at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. REDRUMTM teaches topics in mental illnesses by use of the horror genre. We chose this genre in part because of its immense popularity; the tropes that are portrayed resonate with people at an unconscious level.
    [Show full text]
  • Commemorating a Classic, and Its Creator Walter Bradford Cannon
    Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1998; 42(4) : 437-439 Editorial Commemorating a Classic, and its Creator Walter Bradford Cannon Some papers are born great, some become great, and some have greatness thrust upon them. We have decided to thrust greatness on a paper published 100 years ago in Volume 1 of the American Journal of Physiology (1). Not that the paper is not good, but of far greater interest to us is its author. But first, the paper: it described for the first time the use of X-rays for the study of gastric motility. The study was done on cats who had been given food mixed with the radio-opaque material, 'bismuth subnitrate. By following the changes in shape of the shadows on a f1uorescent screen, Cannon deduced a wealth of information. He described the shape of the stomach, the frequency and nature of contractions, possible function of contractions and the rate and pattern of gastric emptying. By observing that food cornered in the fundus remains undisturbed for quite some time, he concluded that digestion by salivary amylase may continue in the fundus. He confirmed it by measuring the pH of different 'layers' of food in the fundus. The pH was alkaline in the food extracted from a dept of two and half centimetres one and a half hour after ingestion. He also described the differences in handling of foods of different consistencies by the stomach. Further, by observing absence of peristalsis in cats that went into rage during recording (generally, male cats !), he concluded that anger inhibits gastric emptying.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol 1 Ross A. Mcfarland Papers
    Ross A. McFarland Collection in Aerospace Medicine and Human Factors Engineering 1 Catalog of the Library Mary Ann Hoffman Fordham Health Sciences Library Wright State University School of Medicine Dayton, Ohio 1987 Fordham Library Publication No. 2 ©1987 Ross A. McFarland 1901-1976 CONTENTS Preface vi Introduction vii Acknowledgements ix Catalog 1 Vidéocassettes ИЗ Journals 114 Technical Reports Series 117 Name Index 119 Subject Index 146 PREFACE The Ross A. McFarland Collection in Aerospace Medicine and Human Factors Engineering at the Fordham Health Sciences Library, Wright State University School of Medicine, provides an unparalleled scientific resource and data base for physicians, life scientists, engineers and others working at the leading edge of human progress, especially those in the areas of aviation, space and advanced ground transportation. The Collection is regularly consulted by those currently pioneering these fields and is an invaluable source of information constituting the base upon which future progress is being constructed. I met Dr. McFarland in 1958 and came to know him -well. I observed first-hand his pioneering concepts in human factors, enhanced immeasurably by his articulate communications. Starting in the 1930's, he almost singlehandedly launched the human factors effort in aviation, directly collecting data on airline pilot fatigue and other major operational flight safety aspects. Folio-wing Dr. McFarland's untimely death in 1976, an event -widely recognized as taking from us the father of aerospace human factors, his wife, Mrs. Emily McFarland, decided to deed his library and scientific papers to Wright State University School of Medicine, Fordham Health Sciences Library. This gift consisted of more than 6,000 print items and approximately 400 linear feet of scientific manuscripts, unpublished reports, research data and correspondence, covering 50 years of professional work and research by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • TSR 6 2009:Layout 1.Qxd
    SCIENCE AND RELIGION Series coordinated by Basarab Nicolescu and Magda Stavinschi This volume is issued with the generous support of the John Templeton Foundation within the framework of the Program “Science and Orthodoxy. Research and Education” TRANSDISCIPLINARITY IN SCIENCE AND RELIGION 66//22000099 BUCUREªTI, 2009 EDITORIAL BOARD Director: Basarab Nicolescu Editor in chief: Magdalena Stavinschi Members: Ioan Chirilã Philip Clayton Radu Constantinescu Milan Dimitrijevic´ Christopher C. Knight Thierry Magnin Eric Weislogel ISSN 1843 – 3200 Published by Curtea Veche Publishing House Bucharest, Romania CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE Research Works / Recherches JACQUES ARNOULD C’était demain ou L’humanité, d’une frontière à l’autre ……………………………… 9 CHRISTOPHER C. KNIGHT The Future of the Dialogue between Orthodox Christianity and the Sciences ……………………………………………………………………………………… 29 KRESIMIR CEROVAC The Dialogue between Religion/Theology and Science as an Imperative of the Times …………………………………………………………………………… 33 Revd. DORU COSTACHE Approaching the Christian Worldview with St. Basil the Great ………………… 45 OTNIEL L. VEREª, IOAN G. POP Transdisciplinarity and Christian Thought ……………………………………………… 57 MIHAELA GRIGOREAN André Scrima, visionnaire du transreligieux …………………………………………… 69 GABRIEL MEMELIS, ADRIAN IOSIF, DAN RÃILEANU A Transdisciplinary Perspective on the Concept of Reality ……………………… 83 ROBERTO POLI Two Theories of Levels of Reality ………………………………………………………… 135 Studies / Études CORIN BRAGA La philosophie empirique contre l’imagination ……………………………………… 153
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Architecture 227
    BEYOND ARCHITECTURE 227 Beyond Architecture: Technology, Freedom, and Play RENATA HEJDUK Arizona State University With apologies to the master, the house is close examination and comparison of the an appliance for carrying with you, the aforementioned practitioners is the idea of an city is a machine for plugging into. architecture that is itself mobile and/or transportable, or one that encourages the David Greene, Living Pod, 1966 mobility and freedom of the mind and body within its structures. The notion of "play" Given the recent interest in and enormous (Notes, 1) is often invoked in the amount of press given to architectural programmatic descriptions of these projects. environments that can move and be moved, The works discussed in this essay are mainly expand, plug-in, un-plug, tune in and turn on, theoretical, prototypical, or conceptual. this essay will provide a brief introduction to the cultural and philosophical framework that preceded and initiated this contemporary discussion. Themes of liberation and freedom were commonplace by the mid-1960s: the Civil Rights, Feminist, and Free-Speech Movements were only a few of the numerous peaceful (and not-so-peaceful) coalitions that formed under the banner of freedom. The historian Arthur Marwick notes that never before had society seen the development of such a large number of different subcultures all characterized by a trend toward freedom and permissiveness. (Fig. 1) This essay attempts to identify a line of thought that runs through the work of the British and European Radical Avant-garde of the 1960s and early 1970s. Archigram's groundbreaking magazine/ architectural telegram Archigram, particularly Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Archigram: Architecture Inside Out
    Archigram: Architecture Inside Out By Crystal Ray Submitted to the Department of Architecture in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science as recommended by the Department of Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. June 2011. ©2011 Crystal Ray. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. () ( Author Crystal Ray Department of Architecture May 20, 2011 Certified by / / F lo Lawrence Sass Associate Professor of Computation Department of Architecture Accepted by Meejin Yoon Professor of Architecture Director o the Undergr duate Architecture Program MAPWSSAC6HUS ETTS IN S T I TUT OF TECHN-OLOGY JUN 10 2011 L RA R IES ARCHIVES Committee THESIS ADVISOR: Lawrence Sass Professor in Computation Department of Architecture Archigram: Architecture Inside Out By Crystal Ray Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 20, 2011 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science as recommended by the Department of Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Abstract Plug-in city has been explored by others through 3d renditions, however, their 3D rendition are subject to interpretation as its design and development progressed through modeling and a series of drawings by Peter Cook. With the foundational skills gained from Professor Nagakura's courses, I worked over the semester to model and animate one of Archigram's most notable works, Plug-in City, with a focus on the city's dynamic transportation system for people and goods.
    [Show full text]
  • Participant Brown White Critic Gerard De Zeeuw Steep Hill 11, Lincoln
    Gerard de Zeeuw Participant Steep Hill 11, Lincoln LN2 1LT Brown White United Kingdom Critic Tel.: 01522-546711 Fax: 01522-536146 (usually not on) Prins Hendrikkade 86F Yellow Gold 1012AE Amsterdam, Holland Tel.: 020-6278072 [email protected] Gerard de Zeeuw was born March 11, 1936, in Banjoewangi (Indonesia, former Dutch Indies). He Holds MSc's in Mathematics, Statistics and Econometrics. His Ph.D. is entitled 'Model thinking in psychology'. His institutional address in the Netherlands is: Center for Innovation and Co-operative Technology; Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics and Astronomy; University of Amsterdam; Valckenierstraat 65; 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and his e-mail there is [email protected]. Gerard de Zeeuw is full professor (on personal title) in the University of Amsterdam (since 1993), charged with 'Mathematical modelling of complex social systems'. He has been full professor since 1974, charged with 'Research methodology' in the areas of adult education, social work and social helping, community development and social theory, also in the University of Amsterdam. Since 1994 he is Visiting Professor at the University of Lincolnshire and Humberside (area: systems and management), and at the London School of Economics (social and organisational psychology). During three years he lectured at the Agricultural University of Wageningen. He was elected twice as Fellow of the Netherlands Institute of Advanced Study. His largest research project was entitled 'Support, Survival and Culture', funded on a personal basis by the Ministry of Education of the Netherlands (Dfl 10,000,000). This project represented a culmination of his long time work on research methods to study and implement ëuser valuesí, and on research designs to support individual and social action.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER SPRING 1982 Print of Issue - 4000 Copies
    International Federation For Systems Research NEWSLETTER SPRING 1982 Print of issue - 4000 copies IIIIIITTIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIITIIIIIIITII'IIIIIIITITIIIIIITIITIIIT Editorial Office: Prof. F. de P. Hanika, lnternational Secretariat of the Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies, Haus Ha- nika, 4-8524 Bad Gams 92 to whom all material submitted for publication should be sent. OFFICERS OF THE IFSR EDITORIAL Bela H. BANATHY is Executive Having devoted most of the first issue to the back- Research Director at the Far ground of the formation of IFSR and to an outline of the West Laborartory for Educatio- characteristics of the founder members, it is good to be nal Research and Development able to report progress on three fronts: offices, journal, and Chairman of the Depart- membership approach (see top of page 2). ment of Systems Studies and Most of the content of this number is concerned with Systems Education. He recei- research activities in member societies and elsewhere. ved his doctorate in education With the help of contributors who write to the editor on and linguistics from the Univer- their interests and work, we hope to make future issues sity of California, Berkeley. He into a kind of international bulletin board'on systems is an affiliated professor at the and cybernetics teaching as well as activities in member societies and elsewhere. ffi f, ffi i"l:f,{:*J,?'"33['gllE,,f,:ff: Space forced out the planned report of IIASA develop- sity. He is Vice-President and Managing Director of the ments but that column will be resumed in lssue No. 3. Society for General Systems Research, author of several The editor will be pleased to hear from anyone at any books and numerous artieles and research publications, time with suggestionsand criticisms andgladly aoknow- co-editor of the Systems lnquiry Series, and serves on se- ledge individual contributions received.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Calgary Transvaluation of Architecture
    UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY TRANSVALUATION OF ARCHITECTURE: A PERSPECTIVE ON PERFORMATIVE VALUE IN ARCHITECTURE by KAMARAN ALI NOORI A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN THE FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY 2011 © KAMARAN ALI NOORI 2011 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-79656-6 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-79656-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduce, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciaies ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]