The Hokkien Rayas of Songkhla
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The Linguistic Background to SE Asian Sea Nomadism
The linguistic background to SE Asian sea nomadism Chapter in: Sea nomads of SE Asia past and present. Bérénice Bellina, Roger M. Blench & Jean-Christophe Galipaud eds. Singapore: NUS Press. Roger Blench McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Department of History, University of Jos Correspondence to: 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans (00-44)-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This printout: Cambridge, March 21, 2017 Roger Blench Linguistic context of SE Asian sea peoples Submission version TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. The broad picture 3 3. The Samalic [Bajau] languages 4 4. The Orang Laut languages 5 5. The Andaman Sea languages 6 6. The Vezo hypothesis 9 7. Should we include river nomads? 10 8. Boat-people along the coast of China 10 9. Historical interpretation 11 References 13 TABLES Table 1. Linguistic affiliation of sea nomad populations 3 Table 2. Sailfish in Moklen/Moken 7 Table 3. Big-eye scad in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 4. Lake → ocean in Moklen 8 Table 5. Gill-net in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 6. Hearth on boat in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 7. Fishtrap in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 8. ‘Bracelet’ in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 9. Vezo fish names and their corresponding Malayopolynesian etymologies 9 FIGURES Figure 1. The Samalic languages 5 Figure 2. Schematic model of trade mosaic in the trans-Isthmian region 12 PHOTOS Photo 1. Orang Laut settlement in Riau 5 Photo 2. -
Conflict in Fishery Resource Utilization: the Case of Light Luring Anchovy Fishery in Thailand
IIFET 2000 Proceedings Conflict in Fishery Resource Utilization: The Case of Light Luring Anchovy Fishery in Thailand Ruangrai Tokrisna Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. In late 1999 Artisanal Fisherman Association in Thailand requested the government to take actions in curbing destructive anchovy fishing gears. They believed that anchovy fishing was the main cause of fishery resource depletion in their fishing grounds. Main anchovy fishing gears were light luring falling net, purse seine, and scoop net. All of them are Juvenile bycatch varied from 1.72 – 30.37% of total catches depending on gear type, vessel size, fishing ground, fishing month, and fishing year. Economic losses of juvenile bycatch were $1 – 331/boat/trip. In Songkhla, the crisis problem area, economic losses from light luring falling net were as high as 0.42 – 7.64 times of the return from anchovy. The losses from light luring anchovy purse seine were 23 – 35% of the return from anchovy. The losses from light luring scoop net varied around 2 – 7%. Anchovy catch values in Thailand was $26 million in 1997. Value added from processing was $65 million, mainly from fish sauce. In spite of low value added, 59% of the catches were processed as boiled-dried/dried anchovy mainly for export. 44% of the anchovy value in the importing country were the trade margins, including tax, in importing country. Fishing cost was 20%. This cost estimation did not include the economic loss from juvenile bycatch. Processing and marketing costs in Thailand amounted to 19%. -
Asian Expansions
8 Siamese state expansion in the Thonburi and early Bangkok periods Koizumi Junko Introduction This study examines how the polity of Siam was able to re-establish itself and expand its control over the areas that extended to the Lao Kingdoms in the north and northeast and to the Malay Peninsula in the south within the several decades after the destruction of Ayutthaya by Burmese forces. Existing studies have pointed out that thriving maritime trade, especially with China, was of crucial importance to the recovery of Siamese power. The early Bangkok period saw a frequent dispatch of tributary missions to China with a commercial motivation of unprecedented strength. Along with the dispatch of official tributary missions, private junk trade between the two countries also flourished. By fully exploiting the benefits from such trade, Siam quickly recovered from the devastation caused by the Burmese invasion and became one of the major powers in the region by the early nineteenth century.1 Besides those studies that emphasise the significance of maritime com mercial activities, there is another vein of research that stresses the import ance of labour power control, particularly corvée service to the king imposed on all able-bodied men, for the (re-)establishment of Siam as a strong kingdom.2 It is argued that in the beginning of a new dynasty, the absolute kingship based on a firm control over labour power in the form of corvée was realised; yet such control was to be eroded by the flourishing commercial economy, through its encouragement of corvée evasion as commoners fled or became phrai som (“private” freemen serving officials) or that (a person under debt bondage) on the one hand, and the employ ment of Chinese wage labourers on the other. -
The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics by Zachary Abuza
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 6 The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics by Zachary Abuza Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Complex Operations, and Center for Strategic Conferencing. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, and publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Thai and U.S. Army Soldiers participate in Cobra Gold 2006, a combined annual joint training exercise involving the United States, Thailand, Japan, Singapore, and Indonesia. Photo by Efren Lopez, U.S. Air Force The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics The Ongoing Insurgency in Southern Thailand: Trends in Violence, Counterinsurgency Operations, and the Impact of National Politics By Zachary Abuza Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 6 Series Editors: C. Nicholas Rostow and Phillip C. Saunders National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. -
The Transport Trend of Thailand and Malaysia
Executive Summary Report The Potential Assessment and Readiness of Transport Infrastructure and Services in Thailand for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Content Page 1. Introduction 1.1 Rationales 1 1.2 Objectives of Study 1 1.3 Scopes of Study 2 1.4 Methodology of Study 4 2. Current Status of Thailand Transport System in Line with Transport Agreement of ASEAN Community 2.1 Master Plan and Agreement on Transport System in ASEAN 5 2.2 Major Transport Systems for ASEAN Economic Community 7 2.2.1 ASEAN Highway Network 7 2.2.2 Major Railway Network for ASEAN Economic Community 9 2.2.3 Main Land Border Passes for ASEAN Economic Community 10 2.2.4 Main Ports for ASEAN Economic Community 11 2.2.5 Main Airports for ASEAN Economic Community 12 2.3 Efficiency of Current Transport System for ASEAN Economic Community 12 3. Performance of Thailand Economy and Transport Trend after the Beginning of ASEAN Economic Community 3.1 Factors Affecting Cross-Border Trade and Transit 14 3.2 Economic Development for Production Base Thriving in Thailand 15 3.2.1 The analysis of International Economic and Trade of Thailand and ASEAN 15 3.2.2 Major Production Bases and Commodity Flow of Prospect Products 16 3.2.3 Selection of Potential Industries to be the Common Production Bases of Thailand 17 and ASEAN 3.2.4 Current Situation of Targeted Industries 18 3.2.5 Linkage of Targeted Industries at Border Areas, Important Production Bases, 19 and Inner Domestic Areas TransConsult Co., Ltd. King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 2T Consulting and Management Co., Ltd. -
Songkhla Provincial Administrative Organization
Songkhla Provincial Administrative Organization Effective Integrated Pre-hospital Emergency Care System Abstract The unpleasant world championship, According to the World Atlas website, about the country with the highest road deaths in the world in 2017, Thailand has moved up to the top of the world. It was found that the death rate was 36.2 cases per 100,000 populations. While government policies have been set up to prevent road accidents, including accident relief measures. The emphasis is on the preparation of the emergency medical service system so that people can access the emergency medical system thoroughly, equally and with standard quality. Therefore, they have set up a notification and dispatch center in every province, using the number 1669 as the emergency notification and emergency number to assist emergency patients in a timely manner. Ther centers will be set up with the hospital in each province. Songkhla Provincial Administrative Organization has created an innovative approach to integrating the new dimension of work in order to help people with illnesses and emergency situations thoroughly and effectively. It was set up as a public service by the local government based on authority and mission that was effectively transferred. This serves the needs of people in all areas, enhances people's quality of life and reduces the rate of loss of life and disability of people in the area. We hope that this innovation will be useful for the development of emergency medical systems for local governments in all areas. More importantly, we would like to thank all the working groups and networking parties involved in driving this innovation. -
REVIEW of MODELS of CARE for TRAFFICKING SURVIVORS in THAILAND TABLE of CONTENTS Abbreviations
REVIEWREVIEW OFOF MODELSMODELS OFOF CARECARE FORFOR TRAFFICKINGTRAFFICKING SURVIVORSSURVIVORS ININ THAILANDTHAILAND USAID THAILAND COUNTER TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS 2019 REVIEW OF MODELS OF CARE FOR TRAFFICKING SURVIVORS IN THAILAND TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Royal Thai Government's Shelter System ................................................................................................................................ 4 Overview .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Legal Frameworks ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Victim Identification ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Specialized and Individualized Services .................................................................................................................... -
The Malayic-Speaking Orang Laut Dialects and Directions for Research
KARLWacana ANDERBECK Vol. 14 No., The 2 Malayic-speaking(October 2012): 265–312Orang Laut 265 The Malayic-speaking Orang Laut Dialects and directions for research KARL ANDERBECK Abstract Southeast Asia is home to many distinct groups of sea nomads, some of which are known collectively as Orang (Suku) Laut. Those located between Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula are all Malayic-speaking. Information about their speech is paltry and scattered; while starting points are provided in publications such as Skeat and Blagden (1906), Kähler (1946a, b, 1960), Sopher (1977: 178–180), Kadir et al. (1986), Stokhof (1987), and Collins (1988, 1995), a comprehensive account and description of Malayic Sea Tribe lects has not been provided to date. This study brings together disparate sources, including a bit of original research, to sketch a unified linguistic picture and point the way for further investigation. While much is still unknown, this paper demonstrates relationships within and between individual Sea Tribe varieties and neighbouring canonical Malay lects. It is proposed that Sea Tribe lects can be assigned to four groupings: Kedah, Riau Islands, Duano, and Sekak. Keywords Malay, Malayic, Orang Laut, Suku Laut, Sea Tribes, sea nomads, dialectology, historical linguistics, language vitality, endangerment, Skeat and Blagden, Holle. 1 Introduction Sometime in the tenth century AD, a pair of ships follows the monsoons to the southeast coast of Sumatra. Their desire: to trade for its famed aromatic resins and gold. Threading their way through the numerous straits, the ships’ path is a dangerous one, filled with rocky shoals and lurking raiders. Only one vessel reaches its destination. -
Breast Cancer in Lampang, a Province in Northern Thailand
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.18.8327 Incidence Trends of Breast Cancer in Lampang, Northern Thailand RESEARCH ARTICLE Breast Cancer in Lampang, a Province in Northern Thailand: Analysis of 1993–2012 Incidence Data and Future Trends Somkiat Lalitwongsa1, Donsuk Pongnikorn1, Karnchana Daoprasert1, Hutcha Sriplung2*, Surichai Bilheem2 Abstract Background: The recent epidemiologic transition in Thailand, with decreasing incidence of infectious diseases along with increasing rates of chronic conditions, including cancer, is a serious problem for the country. Breast cancer has the highest incidence rates among females throughout Thailand. Lampang is a province in the upper part of Northern Thailand. A study was needed to identify the current burden, and the future trends of breast cancer in upper Northern Thai women. Materials and Methods: Here we used cancer incidence data from the Lampang Cancer Registry to characterize and analyze the local incidence of breast cancer. Joinpoint analysis, age period cohort model and Nordpred package were used to investigate the incidences of breast cancer in the province from 1993 to 2012 and to project future trends from 2013 to 2030. Results: Age-standardized incidence rates (world) of breast cancer in the upper parts of Northern Thailand increased from 16.7 to 26.3 cases per 100,000 female population which is equivalent to an annual percentage change of 2.0-2.8%, according to the method used. Linear drift effects played a role in shaping the increase of incidence. The three projection method suggested that incidence rates would continue to increase in the future with incidence for women aged 50 and above, increasing at a higher rate than for women below the age of 50. -
A Study of English Borrowing in Patani-Malay
A STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWING IN PATANI-MALAY NOORHAYATEE BENJASMITHMalaya of FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS UniversityUNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2016 A STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWING IN PATANI-MALAY NOORHAYATEE BENJASMITH DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LINGUISTICS FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA UniversityKUALA LUMPUR of Malaya 2016 UNIVERSITI MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: Noorhayatee Benjasmith Registration/Matric No: TGC090013 Name of Degree: Master of Linguistics Title of Project Paper/Research Report/ Dissertation/Thesis (“this Work”): A STUDY OF ENGLISH BORROWING IN PATANI-MALAY Field of Study: Sociolinguistics I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists wasMalaya done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledgedof in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor -
A History of Southeast Asia
ARTHUR AHISTORYOF COTTERELL SOUTHEAST AHISTORYOF ASIA SOUTHE A HISTORY OF OF HISTORY About the Author A History of Southeast Asia is a sweeping and wide-ranging SOUTHEAST Arthur Cotterell was formerly principal of Kingston narration of the history of Southeast Asia told through historical College, London. He has lived and travelled widely anecdotes and events. in Asia and Southeast Asia, and has devoted ASIA much of his life to writing on the region. In 1980, Superbly supported by over 200 illustrations, photographs and he published !e First Emperor of China, whose maps, this authoritative yet engagingly written volume tells the account of Qin Shi Huangdi’s remarkable reign was history of the region from earliest recorded times until today, translated into seven languages. Among his recent covering present-day Myanmar, !ailand, Cambodia, Laos, AS books are Western Power in Asia: Its Slow Rise and Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, Indonesia Swift Fall 1415–1999, and Asia: A Concise History, and East Timor. T A published in 2011, the "rst ever coverage of the entire continent. “Arthur Cotterell writes in a most entertaining way by putting a human face on the history of Asia. Far too often, “Arthur Cotterell writes in a most entertaining history books are dry and boring and it is refreshing SIA way by putting a human face on the history of Asia.” to come across one which is so full of life. - to be changed” – Peter Church, OAM, author of A Short History of South East Asia, on Arthur Cotterell – Professor Bruce Lockhart -
Protestant Cemetery
GEORGe Town’s NORTHAM ROAD PROTESTANT CEMETERY GEORGE TOWN’S NORTHAM ROAD PROTESTANT CEMETERY | 1 George Town’s Northam Road 2 Protestant Cemetery – an overview 4 St. George’s Church 6 Number of graves and individuals 7 Ethnicity of those interred 7 Occupations of those interred 7 Gender and age of those interred 8 Historic personalities 26 Tombstones – Types and materials 28 Symbolism 29 Plaques – Types and materials 29 Reminders 30 Bibliography 32 About GTWHI 2 | GEORGE TOWN’S NORTHAM ROAD PROTESTANT CEMETERY GEORGE TOWN’S Northam ROAD Protestant Cemetery – AN OVERVIEW The old Protestant Cemetery in George Town is a Category 1 heritage site located within the George Town World Heritage Site (GTWHS). The Cemetery and the adjoining Roman Catholic Cemetery were created soon after the British East India Company (EIC) established a settlement in Penang in 1786. Early maps and references note that the two cemeteries were simply referred to as the “Burying Ground”, demonstrating an early tolerance between Catholics and Protestants in the new settlement which was not reflected in the Old World at the time. The earliest recorded burial is for William Murray (see page 24) in 1787, which suggests the cemetery was utilised shortly after Light’s arrival in Penang. At that time it was beyond the precincts of town on partly swampy ground. When the Napoleonic Wars threatened British trading interests in Asia, the decision was made to establish Penang as a naval and shipbuilding base in 1805. In line with the island’s new status as a Presidency, the administration under Governor Philip Dundas was also tasked with building a Protestant church and establishing clear boundaries around the existing Cemetery.