College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU Theology Faculty Publications Theology 1999 Did Ambrose’s Sister Become a Virgin on December 25 or January 6? The Earliest Western Evidence for Christmas and Epiphany outside Rome Martin F. Connell College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University,
[email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/theology_pubs Part of the Christianity Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Connell, Martin F. “Did Ambrose’s Sister Become a Virgin on December 25 or January 6? The Earliest Western Evidence for Christmas and Epiphany outside Rome.” Studia Liturgica 29, no. 2 (1999): 145-158. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. SL 29 (1999) 145-58 Did Ambrose's Sister Become a Virgin on December 25 or January 67 The Earliest Western Evidence for Christmas and Epiphany outside Rome by Martin F. Connell* The advent of both Christmas and Epiphany into Latin Christianity hap pened over a rather short period of time; except for the church of Rome, it was less than a few decades from absence to the virtual omnipresence of both feasts. Yet the evidence available for putting together the chronology of the introduction and reception of the two is rather spotty, with sporadic clues emerging in apparent isolation from one another. In studies of the evidence, clues are usually drawn from places and literary genres as diverse as a secular history of an emperor's visit to Paris; I a North African sermont- Spanish conciliar decrees; and sermons, a letter on virginity, and a heresiology, all coming from northern Italy.