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Nikolaj Von Wassilko. Bukovinian Statesman and Diplomat
https://doi.org/10.4316/CC.2019.01.010 POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES NIKOLAJ VON WASSILKO. BUKOVINIAN STATESMAN AND DIPLOMAT Oleksandr DOBRZHANSKYI Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University (Ukraine) E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The article is dedicated to the study of the political biography of Nikolaj von Wassilko, a well-known Bukovinian leader, one of the most controversial personages among Ukrainian politicians of Austria-Hungary at the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century. It is worth mentioning that many scientists from various countries wrote about N. Wassilko, but separate studies about his life and political activities have not been written yet. Author paid considerable attention to the formation of N. Wassilko's political views, the evolution of his preferences from conservative Rusynism and Moscophilia philosophy to the populistic doctrine. Since the beginning of the 20th century, N. Wassilko became almost the sole leader of Ukrainians in Bukovina. The article presents the analysis of his activities in the Austrian Parliament, the Diet of Bukovina, public organizations, and his initiatives to resolve various regional issues. His activities in the years of World War I were equally rich. In particular, the article shows his diplomatic activities as the ambassador of the ZUNR (West Ukrainian People's Republic) in Vienna, the ambassador of the UPR (Ukrainian People's Republic) in Switzerland and other countries. At the end of the research, the author points out the remarkable path of N. Wassilko in the history of the Ukrainian movement in Bukovina in the early twentieth century, as one of the central figures of the Ukrainian diplomacy during 1918-1924. -
Author Les Lutic Editor Gail Wichert
Author Les Lutic Editor Gail Wichert 1 Cover illustrations by Karen Blanchette, based on the picture below: 2 PRAIRIE PIONEERS — THE ROMANIANS Selected Readings I must acknowledge and thank the authors, their families, or the publishers who graciously granted me permission, to use selections from their books. The Canadian Romanian Society of Alberta / Romanians in Alberta 1898 — 1998. Ann Toma and the family of Michael G. Toma / Never Far from Eagle Tail Hill Pearl Murray and Borealis Press / A Baker's Dozen - The Way it Was John Goodes / Where Money Grew on Trees Dr. Eleanor Bujea / Romanians In Canada Sandy Lutic / A Pair of Skates Eilleen Lapastin / Lapastean Family from Bucovina Mary Louise Baranic / Memories — My Family — Life and Times John J.Toma and family/ History of loan Toma and Family- And the People That Touched Their Lives Many Thanks to generous sponsors of this book: The Canadian Romanian Society of Alberta Bob Porozni Tyler Porozni George Moss Danny Mascaluk l must express my deep gratitude and love to my wife Donna for her support. 3 PART 1: IMMIGRATION BUCOVINA AND THE BUCOVINIANS Bucovina, Romania was a beautiful land. The evergreen valleys boasted forests of beech, oak, ash, spruce, birch and fir. The area produced grain, sugar beets, cattle and sheep and the farm crops included potatoes, walnuts, chestnuts, corn, rye, oats, barley, flax, wheat, apples, pears, plums, peaches, cherries, grapes, and other berries. Lumber and wood, minerals, salt and petroleum were also products of Bucovina, the most densely settled province of Romania. In 1913 there were 200 people per square mile and 800,000 people in the whole of Bucovina. -
Evoluția Învățământului Primar Și Secundar În Basarabia (1918-1940)
UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT DIN MOLDOVA FACULTATEA DE ISTORIE ȘI FILOSOFIE DEPARTAMENTUL ISTORIA ROMÂNILOR, UNIVERSALĂ ȘI ARHEOLOGIE Cu titlu de manuscris C.Z.U: 94(478)„1918/1940”: 373.3/.4(043.3) CREȚU VASILE EVOLUȚIA ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTULUI PRIMAR ȘI SECUNDAR ÎN BASARABIA ÎN ANII 1918-1940 611.02. ISTORIA ROMÂNILOR (PE PERIOADE) Teză de doctor în istorie Conducător științific: PaladePALADE Gheorghe, Gheorghe, doctor doctor în istorie,în istorie, confer universitarconferențiar universitar Conducător științific: PETRENCU Anatol, doctor habilitat în istorie, profesor universitar Autorul: CREȚU Vasile CHIȘINĂU, 2020 © CREȚU Vasile, 2020 2 CUPRINS ADNOTARE...............................................................................................................................5 LISTA ABREVIERILOR.........................................................................................................8 INTRODUCERE.......................................................................................................................9 1. ISTORIOGRAFIA ȘI SURSELE ISTORICE REFERITOARE LA EVOLUȚIA ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTULUI PRIMAR ȘI SECUNDAR ÎN BASARABIA (1918-1940)..............16 1.1. Dimensiunea istoriografică a învățământului primar și secundar în Basarabia interbelică..16 1.2. Sursele documentare cu privire la evoluția învățământului primar și secundar în Basarabia (1918-1940).................................................................................................................................29 1.3. Concluzii la capitolul 1.........................................................................................................37 -
I INTRODUCTION Moldavia, the Smallest Republic in the Soviet Union, Has Been a Territorial Football Between Romania and Russia
INTRODUCTION Moldavia, the smallest republic in the Soviet Union, has been a territorial football between Romania and Russia for well over 100 years. Like the Baltic republics, it fell within the Soviet sphere of influence under the l939 Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, and there is reason to believe that some Moldavians may now wish to follow the lead of the Baltic republics in pressing for secession from the USSR. The 64 percent of the republic's population that is ethnic Moldavian has its cultural heart in Romania and, at the very least, seeks freer contacts with Romanians across their common frontier. In the past 18 months Moldavian political and social life has been transformed. Fledgling independent groups have developed into major new political movements, such as the Moldavian Popular Front with a membership of between 700,000 and one million. Other independent groups include the Alexe Mateevici Club which led the successful drive to establish Moldavian as the official language of the republic, the Moldavian Democratic Movement aimed at establishing a state that adheres to the rule of law, the Moldavian Green Movement which works to increase public awareness of ecological issues, and others. Groups of citizens in late l988 began braving the wrath of the local authorities by organizing small public protests. By March l989 the rallies had grown to include as many as 80,000 demonstrators who were calling, among other things, for the i removal of Moldavia's Party leaders. Both the protestors and the Moldavian government often turned to violence. The most egregious such instances of reciprocal violence occurred in l989 on February 12 and 26, March 12 and November 7. -
Summary Repere Privind Activitatea Sfatului Țării În Rezultatul Revoluției Burghezo-Democratice Și Căderii Autocrației Di
MMIHAIIHAI TAȘCĂTAȘCĂ 2.4. DIN CREAȚIA LEGISLATIVĂ A SFATULUI ȚĂRII – ORGANUL PLENIPOTENȚIAR AL BASARABIEI DIN ANII 1917-1918 2.4. FROM THE LEGISLATIVE CREATION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTRY - THE PLENIPOTENTIAL ORGAN OF BASSARABIA FROM THE YEARS 1917-1918 Summary The study aims to contribute to the scientific endeavour to legislative achievement in the territory between Prut and Nistru Rivers. The paper investigates the legislative activity of the „Sfatul Țării”, the parliament of Bessarabia from 1917-1918. First, details of the activity of this parliament for that period are presented. Subsequently, the general concept of the legislative enactment and the procedure used in the laws making and approval is presented. The role of special committees and of the government in the making of draft laws, but also the plenary discussions on the projects is emphasized. The laws are classified by domain and their impact on the legal framework of Bessarabia, on the local population is investigated. Repere privind activitatea Sfatului Țării În rezultatul Revoluției burghezo-democratice și căderii autocrației din Rusia în februarie 1917, odată cu proclamarea dreptului la autoguvernare de către Guvernul Provizoriu, în Basarabia s-a intensifi cat mișcarea de renaștere națională1. Deopotrivă cu solicitările cu caracter politic, economic, cultural 1 A se vedea: George Tofan, Sărbătoarea Basarabiei. Deschiderea celui dintâi Sfat al Ţării la Chișinău în ziua de 21 noiembrie 1917, Chișinău, 1917; Gheorghe Andronachi, Albumul Basarabiei. În jurul marelui eveniment al Unirii, Chișinău, 1933; Ștefan Ciobanu, Unirea Basarabiei. Studiu și documente cu privire la mișcarea naţională din Basarabia în anii 1917–1918, București, 1929; Petre Cazacu, Moldova dintre Prut și Nistru. -
Vademecum Contemporary History Moldova a Guide to Archives, Research Institutions, Libraries, Associations, Museums and Sites of Memory
Vademecum Contemporary History Moldova A guide to archives, research institutions, libraries, associations, museums and sites of memory Edited by Klaus Bochmann and Marina Dumbrava Commissioned by Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur/ Federal Foundation for the Study of the communist Dictatorship in Eastern Germany. Second amended and expanded edition, Berlin 2015. Source: geoatlas.com Source: Nistru Briceni ukRaine Prut Edineţ Soroca RâŞcani Bălţi Rîbniţa Orhei Călăraşi Dubăsari Chişinău Tiraspol Romania Hânceşti Tighina Cimişlia Comrat ukRaine Cahul Black Sea Republic of Moldova Donaudelta 0 15 30 45 km Donau Va demecum contempoRaRy HistoRy moldoVa A guide to A rchives, reseArch institutions, libr Aries, AssociAtions, museums A nd sites of memory 3 Vademecum contemporary History moldova A guide to archives, research institutions, libraries, associations, museums and sites of memory second amended and expanded edition, 2015. editors: Prof. dr. Klaus bochmann and dr. marina dumbrava lectorship: dr. sabine Kuder by request of the bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-diktatur/ federal foundation for the study of the communist dictatorship in eastern germany OrderS: bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-diktatur/ federal foundation for the study of the communist dictatorship in eastern germany Kronenstraße 5 d-10177 berlin tel.: 0049 30 3198950 fax: 0049 30 319895224 www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de [email protected] Price: 2,50 € berlin. 2015 © typesetting and layout: ultramarinrot – büro für Kommunikationsdesign 2015 © 4 federAl foundAtion for the study of the communist dictAtorshiP in Eastern germAny As defined by federal law, the Federal Foundation for the Study of the communist Dictatorship in Eastern Germany promotes a comprehensive reappraisal of the causes, history, and impact of the dictatorship in the Soviet zone of occupation in East Germany and the former GDR. -
Glasul Bucovinei Nr. 2
GLASUL BUCOVINEI * THE VOICE OF BUKOVINA The Romanian Cultural Institute THE VOICE OF BUKOVINA QUARTERLY REVIEW OF HISTORY AND CULTURE CHERNIVTSI – BUCHAREST 2018, No.2 Year XXV. No. 98 Editor-in-chief: ALEXANDRINA CERNOV Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: Univ. Prof. PhD. Mircea Anghelescu (Bucharest), Assist. Prof. PhD. Harieta Mareci (Suceava), PhD. Marian Olaru (Rădăuţi), Assoc. Prof. PhD. Florin Pintescu (Suceava), Univ. Prof. PhD. Ion Popescu-Sireteanu (Jassy), Univ. Prof. PhD. Ştefan Purici (Suceava), Univ. Prof. PhD. Adrian Dinu Rachieru (Timişoara), Arcadie Suceveanu (Chişinău), Vasile Tărâţeanu, Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy (Chernivtsi), PhD. Constantin Ungureanu (Chişinău), Dimitrie Vatamaniuc, Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy (Bucharest), PhD. Alexandru Ovidiu Vintilă (Suceava). EDITORIAL OFFICE: PhD. Marin Gherman (Assist. Chief Editor) PhD. Cristina Paladian Institutul Cultural Român GLASUL BUCOVINEI REVISTĂ TRIMESTRIALĂ DE ISTORIE ŞI CULTURĂ CERNĂUŢI – BUCUREŞTI 2018, Nr. 2 Anul XXV. Nr. 98 Redactor-şef: ALEXANDRINA CERNOV Membru de onoare al Academiei Române COLEGIUL DE REDACŢIE: prof. univ. dr. Mircea Anghelescu (Bucureşti), lector univ. dr. Harieta Mareci (Suceava), dr. Marian Olaru (Rădăuţi), conf. univ. dr. Florin Pintescu (Suceava), prof. univ. dr. Ion Popescu- Sireteanu (Iaşi), prof. univ. dr. Ştefan Purici (Suceava), prof. univ. dr. Adrian Dinu Rachieru (Timişoara), Arcadie Suceveanu (Chişinău), Vasile Tărâţeanu, membru de onoare al Academiei Române (Cernăuţi), dr. Constantin -
Nick Fielding
Travellers in the Great Steppe FROM THE PAPAL ENVOYS TO THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION NICK FIELDING “In writing this book I have tried to explain some of the historical events that have affected those living in the Great Steppe – not an easy task, as there is little study of this subject in the English language. And the disputes between the Russians and their neighbours and between the Bashkirs, the Kazakhs, the Turkomans, the Kyrgyz and the Kalmyks – not to mention the Djungars, the Dungans, the Nogai, the Mongols, the Uighurs and countless others – means that this is not a subject for the faint-hearted. Nonetheless, I hope that the writings referred to in this book have been put into the right historical context. The reasons why outsiders travelled to the Great Steppe varied over time and in themselves provide a different kind of history. Some of these travellers, particularly the women, have been forgotten by modern readers. Hopefully this book will stimulate you the reader to track down some of the long- forgotten classics mentioned within. Personally, I do not think the steppe culture described so vividly by travellers in these pages will ever fully disappear. The steppe is truly vast and can swallow whole cities with ease. Landscape has a close relationship with culture – and the former usually dominates the latter. Whatever happens, it will be many years before the Great Steppe finally gives up all its secrets. This book aims to provide just a glimpse of some of them.” From the author’s introduction. TRAVELLERS IN THE GREAT STEPPE For my fair Rosamund TRAVELLERS IN THE GREAT STEPPE From the Papal Envoys to the Russian Revolution NICK FIELDING SIGNAL BOOKS . -
Revista Română”, Nr
■ 100 de ani de la la de 100 de ani România cu Unirea Basarabiei România lui Ferdinand I - Graniele României lui Ferdinand I nu sunt- Voievozii au întrevăzut din cele mai vechi creaiunea unei clipe, nici rezultatul unor hotă timpuri primejdia, dar şi însemnătatea acestui râri nesocotite. Temeiul lor se adânceşte în rai loc de strajă. Ştefan cel Mare scrisese doar unile înseşi de existenă ale naiunii noastre, ca- veneienilor că cele două cetăi ce le râvneau şi în trecutul nostru cel mai îndepărtat. turcii, Chilia şi Cetatea Albă, erau toată Moldova, Deşi împărit între mai multe stăpâniri, po iar Moldova cu aceste douăa cetăi, un zid de porul român a avut din zilele începuturilor sale apărare al Ungariei şi al Poloniei. - instinctul, dacă nu chiar conştiina deplinăe putea a La rândul său, Mihai Vite zul era să însemne, obârşiei sale comune şi a unităii sale fireşti, ce un veac şi jumătate mai târziu, că ara Româ numaiSentimentul în cuprinsul acesta acestor s- hotare s nească şi Ardealul erau una şi aceeaşi pavăză a desăvârşi. Imperiului şi a Creştinătăii. le- a desvoltat în urma Din scrisul şi din jertfa lor se desprinde neîncetatelor războaie -pe cari strămoşii noştri conştiina unei adevărate misiuni istorice, ce nu au purtat împotriva năvălitorilor din Asia, se putea înfăptui deplin, decât unind pentru tătari sau turci. Alii s -au mândrit cu rostul- de- aceeaşi luptă toate inuturile locuite de români.-a re- apărători ai Creştinătăii la marginile de Răsărit Când unitatea graiului a fost şi ea recunoscută, ale Europei; românii s au mulumit să l înfăp când în şcolile umaniste ale Apusului s tuiască cu sângele şi cu jertfa lor. -
An Introduction to Islamic Archaeology Archaeology Islamic To
13064 eup Milwright:layout 9/2/09 12:33 Page 1 AN INTRODUCTION AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY TO ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC ARCHAEOLOGY In the beginning was the Qur’an,- the first book of Islam and also the first book of Arabic literature. Occasioned by the need to understand and interpret the word of God, and the teachings of the Prophet Muh. ammad, Muslims made an inventory and study of their tradition. This involved the collection, transmission and instruction of the sacred text, of the words and deeds of Muh. ammad, and also of poetry, from both before and after the rise of Islam – indeed of all matters regarded as pertinent to the proper and scholarly study of the tradition. This activity, which began in the last third of the seventh century, relied predominantly on aural study with a master, that is, on oral communication between teacher and student, although writing was already an integral part of this process. In the present work Gregor Schoeler explains how Muslim scholarship evolved from aural to read. The result was the genesis of one of the richest literatures of late antiquity and the early middle ages, as is clear from the widespread dissemination of scholarship through writing and the attendant proliferation of books. Gregor Schoeler is Professor and Chair of Islamic Studies in the Orientalisches Seminar at the University of Basel. His many publications include The Oral and the Written in Early Islam (2006). Shawkat M. Toorawa is Associate Professor of Arabic Literature and Islamic Studies at Cornell University. He is the author of Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur and Arabic Writerly Culture (2005). -
La Traduction Des Références Culturelles: Entre Effacement Et Préservation (Une Analyse Comparative Des Traductions Français
Irina DEVDEREA Doctorante Université «Ștefan cel Mare» Suceava, Roumanie La traduction des références culturelles: entre effacement et préservation (une analyse comparative des traductions française et italienne du roman Temă pentru acasă de Nicolae Dabija) Résumé: Notre communication se veut une mise en relief du canon culturel constitué en Bessarabie de l’après-guerre malgré toutes les conditions géopolitiques défavorables. L’ancienne région roumaine devenue annexe de la Russie dans la formule de l’Union Soviétique fait des efforts pour garder ses traditions et sa culture et les transmettre aux nouvelles générations. Même si la politique de Staline prévoit le dépaysement des Roumains représentant l’élite de cette région historique, le souffle national y résiste grâce aux gens de lettres qui vont naître à partir des années 30. Ils sont ceux qui contribueront à la conservation de la langue et écriront l’histoire de ce pays voulu déraciné. Du patrimoine culturel de la Bessarbie font partie, sans doute, les littératures mémorielle et testimoniale qui révèlent comment ce patrimoine même a été conservé et consolidé. C’est une sorte de mise en abyme. Notre communication portera précisément sur un auteur de la Bessarabie – Nicolae Dabija – dont le premier roman intitulé Temă pentru acasă fut considéré en 2010 comme le livre le plus lu en Moldavie les dix dernières années, puisque emprunté aux bibliothèques par plus de 100 000 lecteurs pendant 9 mois. Ce livre fait certainement partie du patrimoine culturel de la Bessarabie. Il traite du drame vécu par les Roumains déportés en Sibérie qui grâce à leur croyance en Dieu, en tout ce qui est bon, réussirent à survivre. -
Victor IOSIF, 2018, Ovid Țopa – Un Memorialist Cu Spirit Vizionar Din
Ovid Țopa – un memorialist cu spirit vizionar din generația Marii Uniri1 Victor IOSIF Keywords: typological model; cultural vocation; Great Union generation; interdisciplinary approach; political commitment; critical intelligence; involvement Prezenta lucrare își propune să atragă atenția asupra unei figuri mai puțin cunoscute din perioada Marii Uniri, relevând calitățile notabile ce-l recomandă pe autorul cărții Amintiri din Țara Fagilor (Editura Tracus Arte, București 2011, vol.I; 2012, vol.II; 2014, vol. III) ca pe un talentat memorialist2 și, totodată, un militant pentru înfăptuirea idealurilor românești în 1918. În Amintirile lui Ovid Țopa descoperim portretul unei generații care s-a ridicat în preajma Marii Uniri. Acest lucru merită cunoscut pentru a înțelege în ce măsură ne mai putem regăsi astăzi, la o sută de ani, în coordonatele unui astfel de model tipologic. Așadar, vizăm un exercițiu introspectiv, din care fiecare poate afla singur răspuns, iar pentru a ajunge acolo plecăm de la demersul memorialistic al autorului, ținând seama că acesta este deopotrivă actor, observator și comentator. Să-l urmărim în toate aceste ipostaze, din care se poate contura profilul generic amintit. O scurtă prezentare a statutului de intelectual are în vedere doctoratul în filosofie la Universitatea din Cernăuți (1914) și activitatea didactică la licee din Cernăuți, la Vășcăuți pe Ceremuș și în București3. Este decorat în 1923 cu Ordinul «Coroana României» în grad de cavaler, dar marginalizat în perioada comunistă. Face parte dintr-o familie culturală de prestigiu, cu ascendență istorică dovedită încă de pe vremea lui Ioan Vodă cel Cumplit4. Vocația culturală devine parte intrinsecă a unui proiect de țară, printr-o implicare efectivă într-o politică a faptelor, nu doar a vorbelor.