Initial Environmental Examination
July 2014
ARM: Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project- Additional Financing Improvement of Syunik Region Water Supply Systems
Prepared by the State Committee Of Water System under the RA Ministry for Territorial Governance for the Asian Development Bank.
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HGSN Ltd. -JINJ Ltd. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project - Additional Financing
STATE COMMITTEE OF WATER SYSTEM UNDER THE RA MINISTRY FOR TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE “ARMWATERSEWERAGE” CJSC
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK FUNDED
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT - ADDITIONAL FINANCING
Date of preparation 06.08.2013 Date of revision/update 25.06.2014 Date of approval 01.07.2014
VII SUBPROJECT L2860-ICB-1-07: IMPROVEMENT OF SYUNIK REGION SETTLEMENTS WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION
Yerevan, June, 2014
1 HGSN Ltd. -JINJ Ltd. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project - Additional Financing
STATE COMMITTEE OF WATER SYSTEM UNDER THE RA MINISTRY FOR TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE “ARMWATERSEWERAGE” CJSC
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK FUNDED
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT - ADDITIONAL FINANCING
Subproject VII IMPROVEMENT OF SYUNIK REGION WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION
(Kapan, Meghri, Goris towns and Atchanan, Syunik, Brnakot villages of Syunik Region, RA)
HGSN Ltd, Director V. Hovasapyan
Environmental expert K.Sahakyan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.Scope of Work ...... 4
2.Description of the Existing Water Supply and Sewage Systems ...... 6
3.Geographical Location and Climate of the Settlements ...... 7 3.1 The town of Goris and village of Brnakot in the Region of Syunik, RA ...... 7 3.2 The towns of Kapan, Meghri and villages of Syunik, Atchanan in Syunik Marz, RA ...... 8
4. Biodiversity and Specially Protected Areas ...... 8 4.1 The town of Goris and village Brnakot in Syunik Marz, RA ...... 9 4.2 Kapan, Meghri towns and village communities of Atchanan, Syunik of Syunik Marz, RA 10
5.Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 11
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Checklist for Quick Environmental Evaluation ...... 12 Appendix 2. Syunik subproject layout ...... 15
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1. Scope of Work
The aim of this component of the subproject is to improve the drinking water supply systems of the towns of Kapan, Meghri, Goris and villages of Achanan, Syunik and Brnakot in the region of Syunik, RA within the framework of the project.
The first priority is given to the improvement of the water supply systems of the settlements. The work carried out for the improvement of the water supply systems of the towns of Kapan, Meghri, Goris and villages of Atchanan, Syunik, Brnakot includes:
Goris town - Reconstruction of DRRs with the capacity of 2x500m3; constructing their regulating junctions (I zone), fencing the area (L=177,5m). - Reconstruction of DRRs with the capacities of 1x500m3 and 1x1000m3 (II zone). - Reconstruction of DRRs with the capacity of 2x250m3 (IV zone). - Construction and reconstruction of distribution network waterlines from polyethylene pipes of about 5km total length and of de50-de225 diameters. - Reconstruction of the entry lines of 159 private house connections, construction of water metering chambers. - Reconstruction of the entry lines of a total of 4 apartment buildings, constructing the water metering chambers. - Construction of 9 pressure regulating and 2 water supply chambers in various sections of the town for the regulation of high pressure inside the water supply distribution network and the system. - Construction and reconstruction of 46 buried valve junctions (BVJ) in the distribution network.
Kapan town - Reconstruction of the double water mains DN200, with the total length of L=3100.0m feeding Shinararner and Baghaburj DRRs (N5 and N6 DRRs), - Reconstruction and construction of polyethylene pipes with a total length of L=26480.0m, - Replacement of the entry lines of 109 apartment buildings, - Replacement of the entry lines of 363 private houses and business units, installation of water metering chambers of the same quantity, - Construction and reconstruction of pressure regulator (6 pieces), valve (8 pieces) and hydrant chambers (6 pieces), buried valve junctions (117 pieces). - Reconstruction of the DN200 water main with a total length of L=1460.0, which feeds (N7 DRRs) Arpik, Lernagortsner, Davit Bek and Bararatum DRRs,
Meghri town - Complet repair of Zvar WTP - Reconstruction of water main with total length of L=700.0m with steel pipes of DN 200mm, - Repair of DRRs with the capacities of 1000m3 and 500m3.
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- Reconstruction and construction of pipes with total length of L=8920.0m with steel and polyethylene pipes, - Replacement of the entry lines of 33 public units and apartment buildings, - Replacement of the entry lines of 725 private houses, installation of water metering chambers, - Construction and reconstruction of water metering (5 pieces), valve (4 pieces), hydrant (4 pieces) chambers, as well as buried valve junctions (9 pieces). -
Brnakot village - Reconstruction of DRR of 250m3 capacity, installation of corresponding valve junctions and fencing the area (L=136 m). - Construction of chlorination station. - Construction and reconstruction of distribution network waterlines with polyethylene pipes of de50-de110 diameter, about 10km total length. - Reconstruction of entry lines of 524 private house connections, constructing water metering chambers. - Construction and reconstruction of 4 buried valve junctions (BVJ) in the distribution network.
Syunik village - Reconstruction and construction of pipes with total length of L=2240.0m with polyethylene pipes, - Replacement of the entry lines of 6 apartment buildings, - Replacement of the entry lines of 130 private houses, installation of water metering chambers, - Construction and reconstruction of valve (1 unit), hydrant (1 unit) chambers, as well as buried valve junctions (6 units).
Achanan village - Reconstruction and construction of pipes with a total length of L=2835.0m with steel and polyethylene pipes, - Replacement of the entry lines of 73 private houses, installation of water metering chambers, - Construction and reconstruction of pressure regulator (1 unit) and valve chambers (1 unit). The population number in the towns of Kapan, Meghri, Goris and villages of Achanan, Syunik, Brnakot is 82628 people by 01.01.2013, 73750 of which is the urban population. The overall number of the consumers is 22518, including the 1344 consumers of the village communities.
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The index of the annual growth of population is 0.43% according to the published data of “Armenian Demographic Handbook 2007”.
As a result of project implementation all the inhabitants of the communities will be provided with quality drinking water and regular water supply.
The works foreseen by the subproject cover the rehabilitation works of the existing structures, therefore they will have minimum temporary impact on the natural landscape.
During the implementation of the construction works, as required, the asphalt will be bought from specialized asphalt plant which is responsible for taking environmental impact mitigation measures. All asphalt plants function in accordance with RA Environmental legislation.
2. Description of the Existing Water Supply and Sewage Systems
Except for the village of Brnakot all the communities included in the subproject are served by AWS CJSC.
The water supply of Kapan town is carried out from the catchments and from the water intake structures of rivers Gyard and Ajibaj with water quantity of 350 l/sec. The town is divided into separate water supply zones, according to service areas of DRRs. The water is transmitted to Geghi WTP by means of DRRs operating in the town.
Water supply of Meghri town is carried out from the water intake structures of rivers Lichk and Zvar with water quantity 60 l/sec and from Setents catchment. The water is provided to the town from “Zvar” WTP by the water conduit of 200mm diameter. Only two of the basins existing in the town are operating. The water from the DRRs is provided to the distruibution network by the pipes of 150mm diameter.
Water supply of Goris town is carried out from “Mukhuturyan” and “Akner” springs by gravity with water quantity of 200 l/sec.The overall length of the gravity conduit is for about 60km. The water is provided to the distribution network from the water conduit by 3 groups of DRRs operating in the town.
Water supply of Achanan, Syunik villages is implemented from the water metering unit built on the water conduit “Chanakhchi-Kapan”. The water is immediately provided to the distribution networks of the communities through separate steel pipes.
Water supply of Brnakot village is implemented from the catchment situated on the absolute altitude of 2470.0m from where the water is provided to the DRR through a steel pipe of 150mm diameter.
The above mentioned water supply internal systems of the settlements are damaged, the distribution networks and the DRRs need to be replaced and repaired.
Within W&W sector project /2008-2012/ funded by ADB about 16.0 km long pipelines have been replaced in the town of Kapan, about 22.0 km long pipelines have been replaced in the town of Goris. In 2007 some reconstruction work was carried out in the distribution network of Brnakot vilage (by Agriculture PIU), as a result, polyethylene pipes with a total length of 6-7km were laid.
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Goris, Kapan and Meghri towns among the inspected settlements are completly canalized. The existing sewage treatment plants do not operate, that’s why the sewage flows into the rivers Vararak, Voghji and Meghri.
Achanan and Brnakot villages do not have waste water removal system, the inhabitants use yard toilets.
Syunik village have centralized waste water removal systems, but do not have sewage treatment plant.
3. Geographical Location and Climate of the Settlements
The communities included in the framework of the subproject are situated in the regions of Goris, Kapan, Meghri, Syunik in Syunik marz, situated in the southern part of the Republic of Armenia and bordering the Islamic Republic of Iran. It occupies 4.506 km2 area. The centre of the region is Kapan town, which is situated at a distance of 301km from Yerevan.
Zangezur mountain range stretches from the north to the south of Syunik Region. The biggest river is Vorotan. Brnakot village is in the regional area of Sisian, and Atchanan and Syunik villages are in Kapan area.
3.1 The town of Goris and village of Brnakot in the Region of Syunik, RA The inspected area of Syunik Region is situated in the north-eastern part of the region on the northern slope of Bargushat mountain range. The above mentioned settlements are situated in the basin of river Vorotan 1250-2150m above sea level. Goris town is situated 65 km away from the centre of the region, and 236 km away from Yerevan.
The regions of Goris and Sisian are situated in the cold climatic zone. The climate of the region is characterized as having cold mountainous, not windy winter and warm summer. The average temperature in July is +160C, and the average temperature in January is -50C-12 0C. The absolute maximum temperature of the air is +200C, and the absolute minimum is -15 0C. The average annual atmospheric percepitations are 400-750mm. The thickness of the snow layer is for about 50 cm. The soil freezing depth varies between 86-92cm depending on the absolute height. The average relative humidity is 45-60%. The north-western winds prevail during the year. The average annual wind speed is 3-5 m/sec.
From the geomorphologic viewpoint the area is a mountainous zone of average height, characterized by plateaus covered with lava, deep canyons of V-type and landscape crossed by rivers. The relief is characterized by the forms of volcanic and water erosion, extremely dissected surface, as well as active physical weathering. The prevailing gradient of the surface is 5-100.
From the hydrogeological viewpoint the ground waters are situated on low horizons, as the volcanic formations are characterized as being extremely fractured. Ground waters being 3-5m above ground surface are met only on the plateaus of river Vorotan and its streamlets.
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Among the geological exogenic processes there are storm flows, weathering, deepening of riverbed, and in the slopes there are stone falling, landslide.
In the settlements of the described region the possible intensity of the earthquakes is 8-9 points of magnitude, and the maximum horizontal acceleration is 0.2g-0.3g.
3.2 The towns of Kapan, Meghri and villages of Syunik, Atchanan in Syunik Marz, RA From the geomorphologic viewpoint the observed area adjoins the mountain range of Meghri and Northern-Zangezour Mountains of higher and average height.
The above mentioned settlements are situated in the southern part of Syunik Marz, in the river basins of Voghj and Meghri 600-1150m above sea level. Meghri town is 72 km away from the centre of the region and 373 km away from Yerevan.
The regions of Meghri and Kapan are in the warm climatatic zone. In this region the summers are hot and dry, the average temperature of July is +210C, and relative humidity is favorable and reaches 35%.
In winter the average temperature of January varies between 0 and -50C. The absolute maximum temperature is +410C, and the absolute minimum is -180C. The average annual atmospheric percepitations reach 585mm. The absolute thickness of the snow layer reaches 50cm. The freezing depth of the soil varies between 12-14cm depending on the absolute height. The relative humidity of the air is 60-70%. The south-eastern mild winds with 1.3m/sec speed prevail during the year.
From the geomorphologic viewpoint the area of Kapan is characterized as having mountains of average height with vertical slopes and gradual ridges, with valleys of V-type and canyons, which have 7-120 gradient.
The region of Meghri is characterized by a liitle sloping low mountainous plains intersected by large valleys and small ravines with gradient of slopes up to 30. The relief is characterized by forms of water erosion, extremely irregular surface, as well as physically active airing.
In the settlements of the described areas, such as Kapan, Achanan, Syunik, the possible intensity of the earthquakes is 8 points of magnitude, and the maximum horizontal acceleration is 0.2g, and in Meghri town accordingly 9 points, 0.4g.
4. Biodiversity and Specially Protected Areas
Due to the geographical position, dissected relief, various positions of slopes and interference of floristic provinces, Syunik Region is famous for its rich landscape and biological diversity. Various zones of uplands such as 3904m /Kaputjugh/ -375m /Meghri/ and shift in different types of climate, have contributed to the enrichment of ecosystems and biodiversity of the area.
For the protection of the landscape and biodiversity series of special protection areas (SPAs) have been established.
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4.1 The town of Goris and village Brnakot in Syunik Marz, RA A landscape of medium mountainous type with rocky steppe and meadow vegetation was formed on the dark brown crushed stone soils or forest lime free soils.
In the observed areas the flora is generally motley grass, there are no dense woods.The tree types are mainly characterized by xerophil sparse forest vegetation such as juniper, foliate mixed species /Goris/ and types of plum and pear. In some places there are shrubbery, rocky and cliff vegetation.The bushes are met sparsely in all the areas mainly in humid settlements. The local rock-steppe vegetation of the area is distinguished by grassy-cereal plants. This landscape zone is mostly distinguished by composites- 49 types, cereals – 34 types, legumen crops and rose families – 23 types of each, crucials – 7 types. For about 100 plant varieties are included in the list of wild pharmacy and edible plants.
Plants requiring protection are Astragalus agassii Manden.–Astragal Agasi, Dracocephalum botryoides Stev.- dragonhead, which are included in the Red Book of RA.
The fauna of invertebrate animals in the rock- steppe zone is comparatively poor. In the inspected area some rare and disappearing types are met, such as Bradyporus dilatatus (crickets), Montana armeniaca (grasshopeers), Eumerus sogdianus (dipterous insects), Bruchidius armeniacus, Cryptocephalus moravi (beetles).
This zone is mostly favourable for European Pine Vole (Msubterraneus), marten (Martes foina), fox (Vulpes vulpes), wolf (Canis lupus ) and other types.
Only the grey bear among the predatory types of mammals is included in the Red Book of RA. The bats are represented by large variety of species and are widely spread in Armenia.
Lizards are represented by 2 types – Cuacasian agama and Medium lizard (Laudakia caucasia, Lacerta media).
Amphibians are also represented by 2 types - green toads and lond-legged wood frog (Bufo viridis, Rana macrocnemis), which are mainly met in water streams and do not need protection.
The world of birds of steppe zone is represented by more than 30 types, such as – perching birds (Passeriformes) and diurnal birds of prey (Falconiformes).The representatives of galliformes are plenty in number, such as – grey partridge and quail.
The area is rich in ancient, historical-architectural and environmental sites.
In the immediate vicinity of Goris town there is the reserve park “Goris”. The monastry of Tatev is 20 km away from the town. Nearby Goris town there are natural monuments, such as “The Natural Tunnel of Goris” and “The Pyramids of Goris”, the latter is considered to be a centre of recreation and tourism.
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4.2 Kapan, Meghri towns and village communities of Syunik, Achanan of Syunik Marz, RA Forest and alpine plant species are formed in this region on the umber and rocky meadow soils of mountainous-forest zone. These soils are characterized by the highest degree of humus content. The motley grass types of green cover are typical to the meadow vegetation of the region. Among the herbs there are gas plant, feather grass, fescue, betony.
Large leaved types of plants are typical to the forest vegetation, particularly beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), oak (Quercus iberica Stev. Q. macranthera Fisch. Et Mey. Ex Hohen), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L., C. Orientalis Mill), ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), lime tree (Tilia begoniifolia Stev.).
In lowland areas of Meghri region, on the steep, rocky slopes for about 800-1000m in height and in the vicinity there is the rocky xerocolous (friganoid) vegetation type typical to semi-steppe zone. It is usually called skeleton mountain cover, which bears the influence of Iranian deserts. Fragrant wormwood (Artemisia fragrans) is typical to the semi-deserts.
The dry sparse forests are widely spread in Meghri region represented by the following types – Christ’s thorn, meadowsweet, button tree, buckthorn, jasmine and juniper.
Large leaved mixed forests are typical to Kapan region.
The state reserve park “Shikahogh” (25 km from Kapan town)was founded on northern slopes of Meghri mountain range as a protection means for large leaved (oak, hornbeam) forests and special plant combinations (yew, oriental plane and oriental beech groves).
In general the inspected area has rich fauna and is a settlement for many animal species included in the Red Book of RA. Theses animal types are wild goat (Capra aegagrus), Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica), wild cat (Felis silvestris), Armenian mountain viper (Vipera raddei), otter (Lutra lutra), wood grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi), series of eagles, vultures, types of hawks.
The fauna of the area is rich in endemic invertebrate species such as Phytodrymadusa armeniaca (grigs), Nocarodes armenus (grasshoppers), Cantharis araxicola (beetles), Tomomyza araxana, Bombilius schelkovnikovi (dipterans), Gabbiella araxena, Pupilla bipapulata (molluscs), Zodarion petrobium (spiders).
There are 6 types of fish in rivers and streams, the most valuable of which is trout (trutta fario).
In the inspected area the fauna of mammals include 3 types of insect-eating mammals, 6 types of bats, 15 types of rodents, 9 types of predatories and 4 types of hoofed mammals. The european hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), forest dormouse (Dryomis nitedula), least weasel(Mustela nivalis), stone marten (Martes foina), red fox etc.
The amphibians are represented by 4 types, and the reptiles include 11 types of lizards, 13 types of snakes and 2 of turtles. The fauna of birds is represented by 141 types, which mainly inhabitate in forests. The national park ”Arevik” is situated 1.5-2km away from Meghri town, and the reserve park ”Boghakar” is 10km away from Meghri.The settlements included in the subproject have hostorical-
10 HGSN Ltd. -JINJ Ltd. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project - Additional Financing cultural monuments, such as the fortress of Halidzor, Vanahavank, which are 1-3km away from Kapan, and the fortress of Meghri nearby Meghri town. The historic-cultural monuments nearby of the the project area are located far from the dwelling areas (see Appendix 2), therefore any adverse impact on them is not expected during project implementation and as a result of project implementation. The work foreseen by the subpoject is carried out in the area of the town, where there are no special protected natural landscapes. These areas are rather far from the area of the water treatment plant, which is planned to be rehabilitated. (Appendix 2). The DRR area is situated in the edge of the town, it is fenced and is rather away from the mentioned churches. The nearest residential house is located about 250 meters away from DRR area/fence. The civil works foreseen by the subproject cover the rehabilitation works of the existing structures, therefore they will have minimum temporary impact on the natural landscape.
5. Environmental Impact Assessment The initial environmental examination (IEE) showed that in the areas of implementation of water supply system improvement /in the area of project influence/ there are no harmful influences on the landscape, flora and fauna, as well as on the earth and water resources. The civil works foreseen by the subproject cover the rehabilitation works of the existing structures, therefore they will have minimum temporary impact on the natural landscape. The subproject is mainly implemented in the built up areas of the settlements, and new areas will not be covered for realization of the works. As a result of project implementation the special protection areas and historic-cultural monuments existing in the region will not undergo any influence. According to the initial environmental examination the subproject was classified as ecological project of “B” rank. Within the detailed design for this subproject, environmental management plan (EMP) should be developed, which will cover all the communities included in the detailed design.
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Appendix 1. Checklist for Quick Environmental Evaluation
Improvement of water supply and sanitation systems of RA Country/ Subproject Title settlements
Sector division Subproject 7 – Kapan, Meghri, Goris towns and Atchanan, Syunik, Brnakot villages
Screening Questions Yes N/A No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area…?
Densely populated + Kapan, Meghri, Goris towns are considered to have average density of population and the village communities have sparse population Overloaded by development/construction projects Kapan, Meghri, Goris towns and some village + communities have project development documents of urban development /master plans/ + Is situated in ecologically sensitive areas or nearby
Almost in all the settlements there are historical- Is an area of historical cultural heritage + cultural monuments, but the project does not
relate to them in any way + The natural monument “Pyramids of Goris” is Preserved area 0.5 km away from the town, the monastery of Halidzor and Vahanavank are 3 km away from Kapan town + Wetland
Is occupied by mangroves + + Estuarine
Is a buffer zone of the preserved area + + The reserve park of “Goris” is at a distance of A special area for preserving biodiversity 1km from Goris town, the national park “Arevik” is 1.5-2km away from Meghri town, and the reserve park “Boghakar” is 10km away from Meghri town Is a bay + B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the project lead to…? Pollution of raw water supply from upstream + The water supply of settlements is implemented wastewater discharge from communities, industries, from the underground resources agriculture, and soil erosion runoff Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and + Almost in all the settlements there are historical- loss/damage to these sites cultural monuments, but the project doesn’t relate to them in any way Hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground + The project doesn’t foresee intake of ground water pumping water that’s why the implementation of the project can’t lead to soil settling
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Screening Questions Yes N/A No Remarks Social conflicts arising from displacement of + Isn’t foreseen communities Origination of conflicts as a result of shortage of + Within the scope of the project the drinking water polluted water supply for the use of surface and supply is carried out from underground resources underground waters for other useful purposes and river intakes. The drinking water mustn’t be utilized for irrigation and other purposes. Unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive + Within the scope of the project the drinking pathogens or mineral constituents) water supply is implemented from underground resources after the disinfection Unsafe water supply to the distribution system + Inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading + The water intakes and chambers included in the to pollution of water supply project are equipped with fences and sanitary zones Over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization + The project doesn’t foresee intake of ground and ground subsidence water, that’s why the implementation of the project can’t lead to salinization and ground subsidence Excessive algal growth in storage reservoir + Origination of slopes exceeding the limits of powers of + Sewage treatment plants do not operate in the community infrastructures communities Inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment + Isn’t applicable to the subproject plants Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment + The pumping station designed within the scope of plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances the project will be demarcated with a fence and protect facilities protecting the sanitary zone Impairments associated with transmission lines and + Deterioration of the access roads isn’t intended, access roads and in case of intersection with electric transmission lines , the intersection will be implemented according to the required norms Health hazards arising from inadequate design of + The design documents of the units foreseen for facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine receiving and reserving chlorine and other and other hazardous chemicals dangerous chemicals are compiled according to the required norms Health and safety hazards to workers from handling and + All the technological processes should be management of chlorine used for disinfection, other preserved when working with chlorine and other contaminants, and biological and physical hazards polluting materials. during project construction and operation Dislocation and involuntary resettlement of the + not foreseen inhabitants Inadequate impacts on the poor, women and children, + not foreseen Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups Origination of noise and dust as a result of construction + The mitigating measures will be included in EMP /environmental management plan/ Increase of traffic as a result construction works + Insignificant increase, is foreseen for the period of construction Continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction + The specific measures for the organization of the operations construction will be provided in the EMP
Delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment + There won’t occur any problems of sludge processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and accumulation in the filters, and the monitoring of inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate the residual chlorine will be implemented monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems according to the required norms
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Screening Questions Yes N/A No Remarks Delivery of water to distribution system, which is + During the exploitation of this system, no corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of chemical materials are used for the treatment of corrective chemicals the water Accidental leakage of chlorine gas + not foreseen
Excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream + The design of the system reconstruction is water users? developed to exclude such situations Competition of water utilization + The aim of the project is to alleviate the competition of water utilization Increase of sewage water flow as a result of water + supply increase Origination of silts in sewage treatment stations and + The existing sewage treatment plants do not increase of household water (cooking and washing operate in the settlements included in the project water) Large population influx during project construction and + The project concerns the reconstructions of the operation that causes increased burden on social existing systems, new social influence isn’t infrastructure and services (such as water supply and foreseen sanitation systems) Social conflicts if workers from other regions or + Mainly the local labor will be employed countries are hired Risks to community health and safety due to the + The risks will be decreased to the minimum in transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials case of maintaining the rules of safety when such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during using explosives, fuel and other chemical operation and construction materials utilized within the scope of the project Community safety risks due to both accidental and + The risks will be decreased to the minimum in natural hazards, especially where the structural case of maintaining the rules of safety when elements or components of the project are accessible to using, transporting and preserving the members of the affected community or where their explosives, fuel and other chemical materials failure could result in injury to the community throughout utilized within the scope of the project project construction, operation and decommissioning.
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions Yes No Notes
The following questions do not concern the ecological classification. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks. Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, + Armenia is situated in an active tectonic floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami zone and can undergo dangers with all or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I) the possible consequences Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme events + The shortage of precipitations can patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial cause water shortages in the resources sustainability (e.g., changes in rainfall patterns disrupt reliability of which will result in changes of the water water supply; sea level rise creates salinity intrusion into proposed supply stability water supply source) . Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the + Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children) . Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster + vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by using water from a vulnerable source that is relied upon by many user groups, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones). *Hazards are potentially damaging physical events.
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Appendix 2. Syunik subproject layout
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