DOCSLIB.ORG

English Were Elaborated and Submitted on a Regular Basis to the World Bank Team

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Public Disclosure Authorized CONNECTING THE DOTS: TRANSPORT, POVERTY, AND SOCIAL Public Disclosure Authorized INCLUSION - EVIDENCE FROM ARMENIA December 2017 Transport and ICT Global Pracce EUROPE Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Connecting the Dots: Transport, Poverty, and Social Inclusion - Evidence from Armenia December 2017 Transport and ICT Global Practice EUROPE CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective November 1, 2017) Currency Unit = Armenian Dram (AMD) AMD 486,671 = US$1 US$ 0,00021 = AR$ 1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 Regional Vice President: Regional Vice President:Cyril Muller Country Director: Country Director:Mercy Miyang Tembon Senior Global Practice Director: Senior Global Practice Director:Jose Luis Irigoyen Practice Manager: Practice Manager:Juan Gaviria Task Team Leader(s): Task Team Leader(s):Steven Farji Weiss Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank ASA Analytical and Advisory Services CSC Community Score Card DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ECA Europe and Central Asia FGD Focus Group Discussion GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GNI Gross National Income GPS Global Positioning System GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit) KII Key Informant Interview ICR Implementation Completion and Results Report ILCS Integrated Living Conditions Survey IMF International Monetary Fund IRI International Roughness Index LRIP Lifeline Roads Improvement Project LRNIP Lifeline Roads Network Improvement Project MAI Market Accessibility Index MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MTAD Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NGO Nongovernmental organization NSSRA National Statistics Service of the Republic of Armenia NTL Nighttime Light SDG Sustainable Development Goal SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises RAI Rural Accessibility Index UNDP United Nations Development Program VIIRS Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite WDR World Development Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by a World Bank by a team led by Steven Farji Weiss (Economist) and comprising Rodrigo Archondo-Callao (Senior Road Engineer), Xavier Espinet Alegre (Transport Specialist), Kadeem Khan (Junior Professional Associate), Mathilde Lebrand (Economist), Nora Mirzoyan (Operations Consultant), and Irina Tevosyan (Senior Program Assistant). Special thanks go to the Study´s advisors Moritz Meyer (Economist), Christoph Aubrecht (Senior Projects Officer), Giorgia Demarchi (Social Scientist), Atsushi Iimi (Senior Transport Economist), Osman Kaan (Consultant), Carolina Monsalve (Senior economist), Carlos Rodriguez Castelan (Senior Economist), Benjamin P. Steward, (Geographer) and Tara Vishwanath (Lead Economist). The team would also like to thank Mercy Miyang Temblon (Country Director), Juan Gaviria (Practice Manager), Sylvie K. Bossoutrot (Country Manager), Laura Bailey (Lead Social Development Specialist), Carolina Sanchez-Paramo (Senior Director) and Sarah G. Michael (Program Leader) for their continued support and strategic guidance. Finally, the core team is also very thankful to Armenia-based consultants Aram Gevorgyan, Artak Piloyan, Eduard Davtyan, and Ada Babloyan for their data collection efforts, fieldwork, and analysis, which this study relied extensively on. The team would also like to acknowledge the support and invaluable contributions made by representatives of the Government of the Republic of Armenia, specifically the Ministry of Transport, Communication and Information Technologies, the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development, and the National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia, and the local communities surveyed as part of this report. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................i Introduction .................................................................................................................................................1 Section 1: Country Context .......................................................................................................................3 Armenia: Evolution of Poverty, Economic, and Demographic Indicators ..................................................3 Section 2: Conceptual Framework............................................................................................................7 Conceptualizing Household Welfare through a Transport Lens ...............................................................7 Section 3: Literature Review on Rural Transport, Poverty, and Local Economic Activity ................12 Assessing the Effects of Transport Infrastructure Investments ..............................................................12 Impact Evaluation Approaches ...............................................................................................................14 Using Satellite Imagery as a Proxy for Local Economic Activity .............................................................15 Section 4: Accessibility Analysis ............................................................................................................16 A Snapshot of the Road Sector in Armenia ............................................................................................16 Assessing Market and Service Accessibility as a Determinant of Welfare in Armenia ...........................18 The Spatial Relationship between Poverty, Road Condition, and Accessibility ......................................25 Interpretation of Findings ........................................................................................................................26 Section 5: Examining the Relationship between Transport, Poverty, and Local Economic Activity: Evidence from the LRIP................................................................................27 Overview of the LRIP and Prior Research ..............................................................................................27 Characterizing the Area of Influence of the LRIP ...................................................................................29 Source: MTAD database 2015. ..............................................................................................................31 Qualitative Analysis: Assessing the Long-term Outcomes of the LRIP from a Social and Poverty Perspective ..........................................................................................31 Methodology and Assessment Matrix .....................................................................................................32 Sampling .................................................................................................................................................32 Participant Profile .................................................................................................................................33 Summary of Findings ...........................................................................................................................33 Nighttime Lights Analysis: Exploiting Luminosity Data to Measure Local Economic Activity ..................39 Description of Methodology and Specification Strategy .........................................................................41 Structure of the Data ..............................................................................................................................42 Evidence on Changes in NTL Per Capita ...............................................................................................42 Section 6: Lessons Learnt and Directions for Future Research..........................................................45 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations ..........................................................................................48
Recommended publications

  • Aran [Caucasian Albania], Azerbaijan Crime and Expansionism

    Էդիկ Բաղդասարյան (Էդ. Գերմանիկ) Աղվանք, Ադրբեջան Ոճրագործություն Aran եւ Ծավալապաշտություն [Caucasian Albania], (Անգլերեն) Azerbaijan Crime اران، آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن and ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻃﻠﺒﻲ Expansionism ﺧﻼﺻﻪ اي از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اران و ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺷﻮم آن (ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ) ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ: ادﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻏﺪاﺳﺎرﻳﺎن (ا. ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻧﻴﻚ) By ISBN: 978-1-927860-42-7 Edic Baghdasarian WWW.Edic-Baghdasarian.com (Ed. Germanic) 1 Caucasian Albania, Azerbaijan Expansionism and Crime By Edic Baghdasarian 2016 Toronto - Canada ISBN: 978-1-927860-42-7 Edic Baghdasarian Caucasian Albania, Azerbaijan-Expansionism and Crime 2 Edic Baghdasarian Caucasian Albania, Azerbaijan-Expansionism and Crime 3 Table of Contents FOREWORD .................................................................................................................... 5 HISTORICAL SOURCES ............................................................................................... 6 1. ARMENIAN SOURCES: .......................................................................................... 6 2. GREEK AND LATIN SOURCES: ............................................................................. 7 3. ARABIC SOURCES, AND OTHER SOURCES ............................................................ 8 THE ARANIANS OR INHABITANTS OF ARAN ..................................................... 10 THE CONCISE HISTORY OF ALBANIA .................................................................. 13 GEOGRAPHICAL BORDERS OF ALBANIA ........................................................... 16 NATIVE PEOPLE OF ALBANIA ...............................................................................
  • Local Level Risk Management M a N U

    Local Level Risk Management M a N U

    LOCAL LEVEL RISK MANAGEMENT M A N U A L Y E R E V A N 2012 1 LLRM EXECUTIVE LOCAL LEVEL RISK IMPLEMENTATION BACKGROUND 2 3 SUMMARY MANAGEMENT (LLRM) / FORMAT EXPERIENCE IN ARMENIA VULNERABILITY AND GENERAL APPROACHES AND CAPACITY 1.1 INFORMATION 2.1 3.1 PRINCIPLES APPLIED ASSESSMENT (VCA) HAZARDS RESOURCES AND THREATENING 3.2 PRACTICAL CASES TOOLS ARMENIA PROCESS A PREPARATORY PHASE DATA COLLECTION B AND RESEARCH C ANALYSIS D TOOL KIT PLANNING DRR MAINSTREAMING INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANS / DESCRIPTION AND PLANNING TOOLS IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION DRR AND CLIMATE LLRM RISK MANAGEMENT DRR AND GENDER M A N U A L EQUITY 2 Authors: Ashot Sargsyan UNDP, DRR Adviser Armen Chilingaryan UNDP, DRR Project Coordinator Susanna Mnatsakanyan UNDP DRR Project VCA Expert Experts: Hamlet Matevosyan Rector of the Crisis Management State Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Hasmik Saroyan Climate Risk Management Expert LLRM/VCA implementation Armen Arakelyan Specialist Head of “Lore” Rescue Team This manual is prepared and published with financial support from UNDP within the framework of the Project Strengthening of National Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction Capacities in Armenia. Empowered lives The views expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Resilient nations United Nations or UNDP. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This manual is a result of consolidation of collective efforts of many professionals and experts from different organizations and agencies – members of the UN extended Disaster Management Team, which worked during the years hand-to-hand to support and facilitate the strengthening of Disaster Management national system in Armenia.
  • Agricultural Value-Chains Assessment Report April 2020.Pdf

    Agricultural Value-Chains Assessment Report April 2020.Pdf

    1 2 ABOUT THE EUROPEAN UNION The Member States of the European Union have decided to link together their know-how, resources and destinies. Together, they have built a zone of stability, democracy and sustainable development whilst maintaining cultural diversity, tolerance and individual freedoms. The European Union is committed to sharing its achievements and its values with countries and peoples beyond its borders. ABOUT THE PUBLICATION: This publication was produced within the framework of the EU Green Agriculture Initiative in Armenia (EU-GAIA) project, which is funded by the European Union (EU) and the Austrian Development Cooperation (ADC), and implemented by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Armenia. In the framework of the European Union-funded EU-GAIA project, the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) hereby agrees that the reader uses this manual solely for non-commercial purposes. Prepared by: EV Consulting CJSC © 2020 Austrian Development Agency. All rights reserved. Licensed to the European Union under conditions. Yerevan, 2020 3 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 5 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 6 2. OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURE IN ARMENIA AND GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES.....................................................................................................................................................
  • Ra Vayots Dzor Marzma

    Ra Vayots Dzor Marzma

    RA VAYOTS DZOR MARZMA RA VAYOTS DZOR MARZ Marz centre - Eghegnadzor town Territories -Vayk and Eghegnadzor Towns - Eghegnadzor, Jermuk and Vayk RA Vayots Dzor marz is situated in Southern part of the Republic. In the South borders with Nakhijevan, in the North it borders with RA Grgharkunik marz, in the East – RA Syunik marz and in the West – RA Ararat marz. Territory 2308 square km Territory share of the marz in the territory of RA 7.8 % Urban communities 3 Rural communities 41 Towns 3 Villages 52 Population number as of January 1, 2006 55.8 ths. persons including urban 19.4 ths. persons rural 36.4 ths. persons Share of urban population size 34.8% Share of marz population size in RA population size, 2005 1.7% Agricultural land 209262 ha including - arable land 16287 ha Vayots dzor is surrounded with high mountains, water-separately mountain ranges, that being original natural banks between its and neighbouring territories, turn that into a geographical single whole. Vayots dzor marz has varied fauna and flora. Natural forests comprise 6.7% or 13240.1 ha of territory. Voyots dzor surface is extraordinary variegated. Volcanic forces, earthquakes, waters of Arpa river and its tributaries raised numerous mountain ranges stretching by different directions with big and small tops, mysterious canyons, mountain passes, plateaus, concavities, fields, meadows and natural varied buildings, the most bright example of which is Jermuk wonderful waterfall (60 m). Marzes of the Republic of Armenia in Figures, 2002-2006 269 The Vayots dzor climate on the whole is continental with cold or moderate cold winters and hot or warm summers.
  • Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan 4

    Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan 4

    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 317 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travell ers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well- travell ed team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to postal submissions, we always guarantee that your feedback goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/privacy. Stefaniuk, Farid Subhanverdiyev, Valeria OUR READERS Many thanks to the travellers who used Superno Falco, Laurel Sutherland, Andreas the last edition and wrote to us with Sveen Bjørnstad, Trevor Sze, Ann Tulloh, helpful hints, useful advice and interest- Gerbert Van Loenen, Martin Van Der Brugge, ing anecdotes: Robert Van Voorden, Wouter Van Vliet, Michael Weilguni, Arlo Werkhoven, Barbara Grzegorz, Julian, Wojciech, Ashley Adrian, Yoshida, Ian Young, Anne Zouridakis. Asli Akarsakarya, Simone
  • ARISC Newsletter No 6

    ARISC Newsletter No 6

    MEMBER NEWSLETTER ISSUE No. 6 2014-2015 A mer i c a n R e s e a r c h Ins t i t u t e o f t h e Sou t h C a u c a s u s Welcome! book and LinkedIn, reaching a much broader audience. Keep us in the loop Talin Lindsay, Executive Director about any developments on your re- search, from grants, to publications, to It is with great pleasure that I share breakthroughs, and beyond. with you ARISC’s 2014-15 accomplish- I invite you to read our “Notes From ments and programming in this newslet- ter! Since ARISC started as a nonprofit Abroad” section starting on page 5 to learn more about the most recent schol- organization in 2006, we have steadily grown in our activities, funding opportu- arship being conducted in the region by nities, and reach. This third year of our the next generation of scholars of the South Caucasus. We have made several four-year grant through the US Depart- ment of Education has seen our overseas awards to graduate students and junior scholars working in a variety of disci- IN THIS ISSUE: offices flourish, and our support of schol- plines. We have a steady stream of ar- ars’ research in the region continue to chaeologists reporting on recent finds, as make an impact for junior academics. Welcome Note 1 well as reports from the disciplines of art The 2014-15 year started with the history, anthropology, theology, history, ARISC Resident Directors 2 opening of the Georgia Branch in fall political science, geography, as well as 2014, and was celebrated with a joint ecology.
  • 5 Environmental Examination

    5 Environmental Examination

    5 ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY FOR IMPROVEMENT OF EXAMINATION FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND THE PROPOSED PROJECT SEWAGE SYSTEMS IN RA 5-1 Environmental Examination for Cultural Properties (1/2) Nos. of Nos. of Community cultural Rating Community cultural Rating properties properties ARAGATSOTN MARZ Akunq 9 D Lusagyugh 10 D Aghdzq 9 D Tsaghkahovit 5 D Antarut 3 D Tsaghkashen 2 D Ashnak 16 D Tsilqar 6 D Avan+Khnusik 36 D Katnaghbyur 10 D Avtona 13 D Karmrashen 13 D Aragats (Aparan district) 12 D Kaqavadzor 9 D Arayi 6 D Hartavan 15 D Arteni 1 D Dzoraglukh 14 D Apnagyugh 10 D Dzoragyugh 3 D Baysz 4 D Meliqgyugh 3 D Byurakan 40 D Miraq 4 D Garnahovit 10 D Mulqi 2 D Geghadir 1 D Nigavan 9 D Gegharot 11 D Norashen (Aparan district) 8 D Norashen (Aragats Davtashen 5 D District) 2 D Dian 4 D Shenavan 4 D Yeghipartush 8 D Shgharshik 2 D Yeghnik 10 D Vosketas 2 D Yernjatap 14 D Chqnagh 6 D Zovasar 3 D Vardenis 14 D Ttujur 7 D Vardenut 5 D Irind 6 D Verin Sasunik 18 D Lernapar 4 D Tegher 2 D Lernarot 24 D Orgov 24 D SHIRAK MARZ Alvar 3 D Krasar 6 D Aghvorik 2 D Hovit 11 D Ardenis 3 D Dzorashen 1 D Arpeni 6 D Mets Sariar 3 D Bandivan 14 D Musaelyan 19 D Bashgyugh 8 D Shaghik 3 D Garnaritch + Yeghnajur 4 D Shirak 2 D Kamkhut 2 D Pemzashen 12 D Lernakert 12 D Jajur 4 D Lernut 4 D Jrarat 18 D Tsaghkut 5 D Sarnaghbyur 45 D Kamo 12 D Sarapat 2 D Karmrakar 10 D Sizavet 1 D Kaqavasar 3 D Tzoghamarg 8 D Krashen 2 D Poqr Sariar 2 D Source: The Study Team (2007) EE-1-1/2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY FOR IMPROVEMENT OF EXAMINATION FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND THE PROPOSED PROJECT SEWAGE SYSTEMS IN RA 5-1 Environmental Examination for Cultural Properties (2/2) Nos.
  • World Bank Document

    World Bank Document

    ARMENIA E2061 TRANSPORT PIU Public Disclosure Authorized LIFELINE ROADS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL FFRRAAMMEEWWOORRKK for rehabilitation of selected sections of Lifeline Roads Network Public Disclosure Authorized Yerevan 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 4 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ...................................................................... 5 NATIONAL LEGISLATION ............................................................................................. 6 INSTITUTIONAL SETTING ............................................................................................ 9 PROPOSED PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................... 11 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING ................................................................................. 12 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND RISKS ............................................................................ 12 MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................ 14 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION .............................................................................. 15 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS ............................................................... 15 2 LIST OF ACRONYMS
  • Table of Contents

    Table of Contents

    Table of Contents 1. Social Economic Background & Current Indicators of Syunik Region...........................2 2. Key Problems & Constraints .............................................................................................23 Objective Problems ...................................................................................................................23 Subjective Problems..................................................................................................................28 3. Assessment of Economic Resources & Potential ..............................................................32 Hydropower Generation............................................................................................................32 Tourism .....................................................................................................................................35 Electronics & Engineering ........................................................................................................44 Agriculture & Food Processing.................................................................................................47 Mineral Resources (other than copper & molybdenum)...........................................................52 Textiles......................................................................................................................................55 Infrastructures............................................................................................................................57
  • Development Project Ideas Goris, Tegh, Gorhayk, Meghri, Vayk

    Development Project Ideas Goris, Tegh, Gorhayk, Meghri, Vayk

    Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development of the Republic of Armenia DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IDEAS GORIS, TEGH, GORHAYK, MEGHRI, VAYK, JERMUK, ZARITAP, URTSADZOR, NOYEMBERYAN, KOGHB, AYRUM, SARAPAT, AMASIA, ASHOTSK, ARPI Expert Team Varazdat Karapetyan Artyom Grigoryan Artak Dadoyan Gagik Muradyan GIZ Coordinator Armen Keshishyan September 2016 List of Acronyms MTAD Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development ATDF Armenian Territorial Development Fund GIZ German Technical Cooperation LoGoPro GIZ Local Government Programme LSG Local Self-government (bodies) (FY)MDP Five-year Municipal Development Plan PACA Participatory Assessment of Competitive Advantages RDF «Regional Development Foundation» Company LED Local economic development 2 Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 2 Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Structure of the Report .............................................................................................................. 5 Preamble ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 Approaches to Project Implementation ..................................................................................
  • Republic of Armenia Infrastructure and Rural Finance Support Programme Final Project Design Report Main Report

    Republic of Armenia Infrastructure and Rural Finance Support Programme Final Project Design Report Main Report

    Republic of Armenia Infrastructure and Rural Finance Support Programme Final Project Design Report Main report and annexes Document Date: May 2014 Project No. 1690 Report No: ____-AM Near East, North Africa and Europe Division Programme Management Department Republic of Armenia Infrastructure and Rural Finance Support Programme Final project design report Main report Contents Page Currency equivalents iii Abbreviations and acronyms iii Map of IFAD Operations in the Country v Map of the Programme area vi Executive Summary vii Logical Framework xiii I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT AND RATIONALE 1 A. Background 1 B. Country and Rural Development Context 2 C. Rationale 6 II. PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION 9 A. Development Objectives 9 B. Programme Components 9 C. Target Group and Programme Area 10 D. Description of Inputs and Outputs/Outcomes 12 III. PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION 17 A. Approaches 17 B. Implementation Schedule for Civil Works 20 C. Planning, M&E, Learning and Knowledge Management 23 D. Financial Management 24 E. Procurement and Governance 26 F. Supervision 28 G. Risk Identification and Mitigation 29 IV. PROGRAMME COSTS, FINANCING, BENEFITS AND SUSTAINABILITY 32 A. Estimated Programme Costs 32 B. Proposed Programme Financing 33 C. Summary Benefits and Economic Analysis 34 D. Sustainability 38 TABLES Table 1: Armenia: Reduction in the Incidence of Poverty 1998/99 to 2007 4 Table 2: Programme Costs by Component 32 Table 3: Proposed Programme Financing Sources by Type of Investment 33 Table 4: Proposed Programme Financing Sources by Component 33 Table
  • Ra Shirak Marz

    Ra Shirak Marz

    RA SHIRAK MARZ 251 RA SHIRAK MARZ Marz center – Gyumri town Territories - Artik, Akhuryan, Ani, Amasia and Ashotsk Towns - Gyumri, Artik, Maralik RA Shirak marz is situated in the north-west of the republic. In the West it borders with Turkey, in the North it borders with Georgia, in the East – RA Lori marz and in the South – RA Aragatsotn marz. Territory 2681 square km. Territory share of the marz in the territory of RA 9 % Urban communities 3 Rural communities 116 Towns 3 Villages 128 Population number as of January 1, 2006 281.4 ths. persons including urban 171.4 ths. persons rural 110.0 ths. persons Share of urban population size 60.9 % Share of marz population size in RA population size, 2005 39.1 % Agricultural land 165737 ha including - arable land 84530 ha Being at the height of 1500-2000 m above sea level (52 villages of the marz are at the height of 1500-1700 m above sea level and 55 villages - 2000 m), the marz is the coldest region 0 of Armenia, where the air temperature sometimes reaches -46 C in winter. The main railway and automobile highway connecting Armenia with Georgia pass through the marz territory. The railway and motor-road networks of Armenia and Turkey are connected here. On the Akhuryan river frontier with Turkey the Akhuryan reservoir was built that is the biggest in the country by its volume of 526 mln. m3. Marzes of the Republic of Armenia in figures, 1998-2002 252 The leading branches of industry of RA Shirak marz are production of food, including beverages and production of other non-metal mineral products.