PTS 2020|1|Test 4 - Solutions |Forumias
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Page 1 of 70 PTS 2020|1|Test 4 - Solutions |ForumIAS Q.1) Ans) c Exp) The type of vegetation which has grown on its own naturally without any aid from human beings or those which have been left untouched or undisturbed by the human beings for a long time are termed as “Virgin vegetation”. The virgin vegetation, which are purely Indian are known as endemic or indigenous species but those which have come from outside India are termed as exotic plants. Thus statement 3 is correct. Example - Unreachable areas of the Amazon rainforest, Trenches in the Ocean etc. Plant community which is endemic to a particular area is known as native species. Plant community formed due to primary succession in an ecosystem are known as Pioneer species. Plant community newly introduced in an ecosystem is known as exotic species. Source) NCERT- Class IX- SOCIAL SCIENCE CONTEMPORARY INDIA PART 1 CHAPTER 5, PAGE No. 42 Q.2) Ans) c Exp) Both the statements are correct. India is the only country in the world that has both tigers and lions in their natural habitat (in the wild).The Asiatic lion is Panthera leo leo species in India. Its range is restricted to the Gir National Park and environs in the Indian state of Gujarat. On the IUCN Red List, it is listed as Endangered because of its small population size and area of occupancy. Lions inhabit remnant forest habitats in the two hill systems of Gir and Girnar that comprise Gujarat's largest tracts of tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest, thorny and savanna, and provide valuable habitat for a diverse flora and fauna. Five protected areas currently exist to protect the Asiatic lion: Gir Sanctuary, Gir National Park, Pania Sanctuary, Mitiyala Sanctuary, and Girnar Sanctuary. The Gir Forest is the last remaining habitat of the Asiatic lion. Across India, six landscape complexes were surveyed that host tigers and have the potential to be connected. These landscapes comprise the following: Shivaliks-Ganjetic floodplains, Central Indian Highlands, Eastern ghats, Western ghats, Brahmaputra flood plains and the Sundarbans. Source) NCERT- Class IX- SOCIAL SCIENCE CONTEMPORARY INDIA PART 1 CHAPTER 5, PAGE No. 48 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_lion#Distribution_and_habitat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger ForumIAS Offline Guidance Centre 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19, Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi – 110005 | [email protected]|9821711605 Page 2 of 70 PTS 2020|1|Test 4 - Solutions |ForumIAS Q.3) Ans) c Exp) During the south-west monsoon period after having rains for a few days, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is known as break in the monsoon. These dry spells are quite common during the rainy season. These breaks in the different regions are due to different reasons: Statement 1 is correct (i) In northern India rains are likely to fail if the rain-bearing storms are not very frequent along the monsoon trough or the ITCZ over this region. It also occurs if the ITCZ shifts northward over the foothills of Himalayas and causes heavy rainfall along the foothills of himalayas. This northward shift of the ITCZ creates a high pressure over the plains and thus the South West monsoon winds are not able to flow Statement 2 is correct (ii) Over the west coast the dry spells are associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast. This fails to produce an orographic effect and thus leads to a break in monsoon. Such breaks are likely to occur in the month of August. Source) Class XI NCERT, Chapter 5, page no. 40 Q.4) Ans) d Exp) 1st statement is correct. Coriolis force: An apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation. The Coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere. This is also known as ‘Ferrel’s Law’. 2nd statement is correct. Coriolis force is absent at the equator and highest at the poles. 3rd statement is correct. Where a cyclone forms, the direction it spins and the general path it takes are determined by a range of factors including the Coriolis effect caused by the Earth's rotation. Cyclones are formed due to the presence of a low-pressure zone. As the low pressure intensifies over a period of time (depending on various factors) the surrounding air rushes in to fill it. As the air is rushing in it will rotate according to the Ferrel’s law and will cause cyclones to rotate anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. 4th statement is incorrect. The Coriolis effect bends the direction of surface currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere. This is true for the deep- water circulation as well. KB) The Ekman spiral, named after Swedish scientist Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874-1954) who first theorized it in 1902, is a consequence of the Coriolis effect. When surface water molecules move by the force of the wind, they, in turn, drag deeper layers of water molecules below them. Each ForumIAS Offline Guidance Centre 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19, Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi – 110005 | [email protected]|9821711605 https://t.me/UPSC_PDF www.upscpdf.com PTS 2020|1|Test 4 - Solutions |ForumIAS layer of water molecules is moved by friction from the shallower layer, and each deeper layer moves more slowly than the layer above it, until the movement ceases at a depth of about 100 meters (330 feet). Like the surface water, however, the deeper water is deflected by the Coriolis effect—to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, each successively deeper layer of water moves more slowly to the right or left, creating a spiral effect. Because the deeper layers of water move more slowly than the shallower layers, they tend to “twist around” and flow opposite to the surface current. Source) NCERT- Class IX- SOCIAL SCIENCE CONTEMPORARY INDIA PART 1 CHAPTER 4, PAGE No 27 Q.5) Ans) a Exp) Option (a) is the correct answer. Transparency International’s 2018 Exporting Corruption report is an independent assessment of the enforcement of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) ‘Anti-Bribery Convention’, which requires parties to criminalize bribery of foreign public officials and introduce related measures. The Convention is a key instrument for curbing global corruption because the 44 signatory countries are responsible for approximately 65 percent of world exports and more than 75 per cent of total foreign direct investment outflows. This twelfth such report assessed enforcement in China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, India and Singapore, which are not parties to the OECD Convention but are major exporters, accounting for 18 percent of world exports. KB) ● The World Economic Forum publishes a comprehensive series of reports which examine in detail the broad range of global issues it seeks to address with stakeholders as part of its mission of improving the state of the world. Besides reports on its key events and standalone publications such as the Global Competitiveness Report, the Global Risks Report and the Global Gender Gap Report, the Forum produces landmark titles covering the environment, education, individual industries and technologies. ● The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body established in 1989 by the Ministers of its Member jurisdictions. The objectives of the FATF are to set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and other related threats to the integrity of the international financial system. The FATF is therefore a “policy- ForumIAS Offline Guidance Centre 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19, Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi – 110005 | [email protected]|9821711605 https://t.me/UPSC_PDF www.upscpdf.com PTS 2020|1|Test 4 - Solutions |ForumIAS making body” which works to generate the necessary political will to bring about national legislative and regulatory reforms in these areas. ● TRACE membership helps companies conduct business ethically and in compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-bribery legislation. Source) https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/exporting_corruption_2018 Q.6) Ans) b Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect. Continentality of any area leads to extreme climatic conditions. Thus, continentality cannot be a reason for winters being mild as they will only aggravate the existing climatic conditions and not balance it. Statement 2 and 3 are correct. India has Himalayas to the north, which have an average height of about 6,000 metres. The Himalayas therefore act as a barrier to cold winds coming from Tibet and other colder regions in Central Asia (Gobi Desert etc). It is because of these mountains that the subcontinent experiences comparatively milder winters as compared to central Asia. India’s vast coastline leads to a moderating influence on India’s climate and thus results in milder winters as compared to Central Asia. The Tropic of Cancer also passes through the middle of the country from the Rann of Kachchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. Almost half of the country, lying south of the Tropic of Cancer, belongs to the tropical area. All the remaining area, north of the Tropic, lies in the sub-tropics. Therefore, India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climates. This also leads to milder winters in India. Source) NCERT- Class IX- SOCIAL SCIENCE CONTEMPORARY INDIA PART 1 CHAPTER 4, PAGE No. 27 Feature) Q.7) Ans) c Exp) Option (c) is the correct answer.