Drought and effect of vegetation on aeolian transport in the Aralkum Timon Smeets 1 2 Drought and effect of vegetation on aeolian transport in the Aralkum MSc Thesis November-2020 Author: Timon Smeets Student number: 5559650 E-mail:
[email protected] First supervisor: Geert Sterk Second supervisor: Gerben Ruessink MSc Programme: Earth Surface and Water Faculty of Geosciences Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University 3 Abstract This study focusses on the effects of the desiccation of the Aral Sea, which occurred ~50 years ago. The desiccation of the Aral Sea began a shift in climate and transformed the Aral Sea. The Aral sea that once was the livelihood of many changed into the Aralkum, a dessert which to this day destroys the lives of many. This study focusses on the shift in climate that occurred due to the desiccating of the Aral Sea, the dust storms originating from the Aralkum, and vegetation strategies that can limit the magnitude of these dust storms. This study used precipitation data and satellite imagery to analyse the shift in the meteorological climate and the resulting changes in vegetation. Using the Aerosol optical depth and local wind speed data, the temporal variation of dust storms and high wind events were analysed and linked. The effect of different types of vegetation on reducing wind erosion in the form of suspension and saltation was modelled using a cellular automaton approach. The climate has shifted into a wetter but warmer climate. The regions affected by this are the rangelands in proximity(0-500 km) to the Aral sea, which experienced soil salination and a significant loss in vegetation density.