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New4-.feittn JUN 6 1945 The SHAKESPEARE FELLOWSHIP -AMERICAN BRANCH-

VOL I OCTOBER.NOVEMBER, 1940 NO. 6

Arthur Golding: The Uncle of Edward de Vere,

And the Intimate Part He Played in the Development of Shakespeare's Creative Geoios I 111W. tAere were more hia1Papltu• of /or«oU.,. p,oplt,, Euw ABD FlnGERAU>, tnmlalor of Omar Khayyam

It seems slJ'ange that a writer who left the im• religious beliefs of many of the moet remarkable press of bis achievements eo indelibly upon the minds that England has produced. golden age of English literature 11!1 did Arthur Bornat the manor of Belehamp SL Paul's, north• Golding should have lacked a biography until the western Essex, in the year 1536, the eon of John present day. Golding. &quire. one of the auditors of the Court A debt of gratitude is due Louis Thorn Golding of Exchequer, Arthur Golding wasthe eixth child !. of Brookline, Mll!ll!ffllhusetts, for the industry and in a family of eleven. enthueill!ltrl that hllllat laet brought about puhlica• His mother, Unmla Manton Golding, was the lion of an adequate book on the foremost trans­ second wife of her husband and a lady of brains lator of the Shakespearean era. and character from whom the tranelator appears Under the quaint title of An Elizabelhan Pur­ to have inherited habits of industry and sobriety, itan.,'Mr. Golding has assembled many long-bidden u well as hill strongreligious conv:ietiona. Many will find it a surprising anomaly that the facta of bis distinguished ancestor'• career, The presentation is sound and scholarly, showing that man who first put the eensuous measures of Ovid's considerable pains have been taken in locating Melamorphoaea into English verse was aleo the original documentary sources, and the narrative indefatigable reproducer of John Calvin's grimly ia emoothly contrived throughout. interminable Sennoru. But the Elizabethan age has other example& to offer of such seemingly contra­ Like RobertGreene, Thomll!INash, Edward Fitz­ dictory personalities. That is perhape one reason gerald, George Borrow, Constable and Gainsbor­ why it is difficult at times for modem students to ough, and many Mother poe4 dramatist and painter I. get a true penpective on the human elements in­ i who has played an impo,tant part in the develop­ volved in the Bowering of the English Renaissance. ment of English art, Arthur Golding Wll!I born in John Golding died in 1547, leaving his princi­ Ea.st Anglia, the south-eastern country which is, pal estates to his eldest BOD Thomas. But the rest quite appropriately enough, the fi.ret corner of of the family must have been well provided for, Britain to greet the morning sun. Not least among as an elder daughter Margery married John de the ancients of this group, Golding can be ac• Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, on the 51h of August corded unique honours for his pioneering spirit . in the year following.. And in 1552, at the age of and the fact that his many important translations 16, Arthur Golding w� ente� as a "fellow com• helped mould the thoughts, arl:iritic deetiniea and moner'' or privileged student al Jesus College,

1 Caruhridge. He appears to have left without tak­ An EUzabethan Puritan, by Louis Th�m Golding. Richard R. Smith, New York. '3.50. ing a degree eome time after Mary Tudor came 2 NEW S-LETTER

to the throne, the inference being that state pres• and his parting tribute (in The Tempest) sure exerted upon Cambridge teachers at this un• proves the permanence of his early impres­ happy period for their addiction to the princi­ sions, in spite of his widened interests." ples of the Protestant Reformation made college There is nothing to prove that Golding and the life too uncertain for students of the same faith. citizen of Stratford-on-Avon ever met, but one of But Arthur Golding was a born scholar with an the first things to arouse wide-spread interest in unusual aptitude for foreign tongues and his lack' the Oxford-Shakespearecase has been the fact that of a college degree proved no bar to his mastery Arthur Golding was not only the wicle of Edward of claasic Latin and contemporary French. de Vere but his companion and adviser for some The marriage of his half-sister Margery to the time after the twelve year old peer lost his father genial Earl John of Oxford also opened many and, as a Royal Ward, took up his residence in great door& to him, as the Veres of Hedingham the household of Sir William Cecil. During this Castle represented what Macaulay designates as period Golding worked upon his translations of the "longest and most illustrious line of nobles the Latin poet, which were printed in 1564 and at England hasseen." John of Oxford unques• 1!1 1567 with dedications to Robert,Earl of Leicester. tionably encouraged the young man in his studies, The 17thEarl of Oxford is definitely known for later in life Golding dedicated the translation to have beenan accomplished Latin scholar as well of one of his Latin histories to Edward de Vere, as a poet of marked ability. Gabriel Harvey hears the 16th Earl of Oxford's heir, with the statement witness to this. So does Angel Day, in the 1586 that he had originally intended it for the senior dedication of his Englilh Secretarie to the noble­ nobleman "to whom I had long before vowed this man ''whose infancy from the beginning was ever my travail." sacred to the Muses." In the same year of 1586 Like nearly every other forerunner who has tried WilliamWebbe's Discourse of English Poetry de­ to scale the heights with a pen for an alpenstock clared that "in the rare devices of poetry" . . . Arthur Golding had plenty of trouble. Money and "the right honourable Earl of Oxford may chal­ property ran through his fingers like quickailver. lenge to himseH the title of the most exeellent During his latter years the bailiffs· pursued him among the rest."The anonymous author of TIM! with malignant persiatency and on various and Arte of English Poesie in 1589 also placed "thet sundry OCClllliona he was forced to study the prob­ )Jobie gentlemanEdward Earl of Oxford" • . . lem of supporting a growing family from behind "lirst" • • . among all the poets "of Her Ma• tors' prison. His end in May, the bars of a wiJ:i jesty'a own servants who have written excellently 1606, old. broken m health, debt-ridden to thelast, well 88 it would appear if their doings could he ill too aad to dwell upon. found out and made public with the rest." Final­ W IUI ..\rthur Golding Really ly the greatEdmund Spenser himself, who was pot given to idle flattery, addressed a dedicatory 'Sbakeepeare's" Tutor? Sonnet to the Earl in the opening pages of the To those readers who are interested in the new 1590 edition of The Faerie Queene. He referred theory, now taking root in various parts of the to Oxford's aflinity to the Muses 88 Engliah-apeaking world. that the greatest literary figure the racehas yetproduced w1111 really Arthur " •.• the love which thou doest beare Golding's nephew,Edward de Vere, who wrote To th' Helioonian imps, and they to thee; under the nom de plume of "William Shakes­ They unto thee,and thou to them,moat deare." peare.." An Eli:mbe'1um Puril.aA willprovide valu­ These references to creative gifts are too cate­ uble corroborative evidence. gorical to he ignored. They must mean thet Ed­ All commentators on Shakespeare's literary ward de Vere had done outstanding work which background are agreedthat J'en,u and ,l,donu and is either lost or hu not come down to 1111 wider many passing allusions in the plays trace directly his own name. to Golding'• publieations of Ovid. Speaking of the Metamorplw,u, Lee says: Keys to the mystery will be found in the per­ Sir Sidney sonal connection that existed between Lord Ox­ "Golding'• mideriugof Ovid bad been one ford and Arthur Golding, on the one band. and of Shakeapeare'• heat-loved boob in youth, the clear-cut reflection of Golding', own person• " OcT.-Nov., 1940 7

Arthur Golding: The Uncle of a tribute from the drama-loving monarch of Edin­ Edward De Vere burgh. Neither is there any evidence to show that Edward de Vere had achieved notable success in (Continued from page 5) any fields otherthan poetry,music and playwrit• otherwise a11 sharp-sighted ae Linceus or Ar· ing when Jamee arrived In England. gus, and had all the sciences, arts, cunning, eloquence, and wisdom of the world. An Amazing "Coineidenee.. For many generations writers on the Elizabeth­ The P,alm& oJ DatJul which Arthur Golding so an period who did not bother lo look closely into hopefully dedicated to his twenty-one year old the matter have held the opinion that this good nephew may have helped Lord Oxford through advice of Arthur Golding was thrown away on some of the crieea of his chequered career. At least we have the comment of Sir George Bue, Edward Earl of Oxford, and that the talented but the eccentric young nobleman degenerated into a who served for many years in the o8i.ce of quarrelsome wlllltrel, a treasonable tum-coat in }faster of the Revels and licensed several of the Shakespearean plays for production, that religion, in brief, a flighty nonenity who was chiefly distinguiahedfor his monumental debts and .•• certaynly the erl was a magnificent and bis ditJereneea with Sir Philip Sidney. · a very learned and religioua man ••• But the actual factaof his life, as they have been dredged up from the original records of the times This comment was recently deeyphered from by J. Thomas Looney, Capt. B. M. Ward and some half-burned notes in Buc's handwriting, othe111 of recent years, tell a far ditierent story. found among his manuscripta in the Harleian col­ Lord Oxford appear& to have been the moat mi&• lection. The Master of the Revels adds other aig• undentood and persistently misrepresented poet nificant words in defence of the peer who had UD• that was ever born in England. Ilia talent& as a queationably Jost cute by becoming a pnblic play­ scholar, an entAlrtainer and a comedian fused into wright, ending u fallowa: focus as his wealth declined, and the best of evi­ I 11pea(k) hu(t) what I know, for he dence now exists to &how that he was really the vouchsafed the honour of his fam. creative power behind the development of the me ••• iliar ac(qnaintance). Shakespearean stage. That he wrote the plays and poems generally credited to the unschooled and It is uufortunate that all of Bue's notes on this untravelledbusiness man of Stratford-on-Avon who matter have not been preserved for no one can had such difficulty in penning his ownsi gnature, a question the significance of the fact, in connection very substantial mass of testimony bean, witna. with other Oxford-Shakespeare authorship evi­ We also know that while Lord Oxford never an• dence, that thia remarkable nobleman was on tenns nounced himselfa Calvinist, as his uncle may have of "familiar acquaintance" with a licenser of hoped he would, his spiritual stamina wa& auf­ Shakespeare's playa. licient to enable him to rise above the mistakes Turning back: to these maaterpiecea with the and misadventures of early manhood which had thought that perhaps Arthur Golding's presenta• landed him in the Tower on two separate occa­ tion of Tlui P,al,ms oJ Damd and other, to their sions. Some of the valuable properties which Ar· apparent author may have had some perceptible thur Golding aacriliced so mysteriously at about influence upon the creative structure of the plays, the same periodundoubtedly went to help the Earl we findthe conjecture jnatilied beyond all reason• out of theseembarr11118111ents. In any event, Oxford able douht. £-.:pert opinion informs ua that lived long enough to emerge from the shadows. When James I came to the throne in 1603 he From first to last there is not a play in the rescued the poet•peer from ollicial obacnrity and Folio entirely free from a suggestion of a financial uncertainty anclmade him a -i,m, of wie of the Paalma. In two plays, 2 Henry 1'1 the Royal Privy CoDDCI. In a leUler to Sir Robert and King H fflT"f Ylll the allusions to the Cecil, the Earl's brother-in-law, James refers to P,alm, nm into double figures. Even the him as "Great Oxford.,. No other Englishman .,f .,, SonMu are not devoid of qnotationa from the day can be shown to have elicited so unusual the P,al,,ru. If Shakeapeare made instinctive 8 NEWS-LETTER

and spontaneous use of any part of Scripture evidence is in favor of Shakespeare's po.ues­ it was of the Psalter. sion of a Genevan Old Testament ••. This testimony appears in Richmond Noble's We have italicized some of Mr. Noble's words authoritative work on Shakespeare's Biblical to accentuate their import in relation to ( 1) the Knowledge, published 1935. Mr. Noble was lack of proof that the Stratford man ever owned granted a scholarship by the University of Liver­ •• any books and ( 2) the fact that indisputable doc­ pool to carry out his research. He also secured the umentary evidence is on file at Hatfield House, the advisory co-operation of the greatest living au• ancient home of the Cecil family, showing that Ed­ thorities on the history of English Biblical pub­ ward, Earl of Oxford early in life purchased a copy lication and the Shakespearean texts. He seems of the particular rendering of the Scriptures with to have been in no way concerned with the prob­ which Shakespeare, in Mr. Noble's expert opinion, lem of the disputed authorship of the plays and was personally familiar. Proof of this appears in expresses the orthodox point of view throughout an old account book under date "from January lat his investigation that Shakespeare the dramatist to September 30th, 1569/70," with the notation, was a citizen of Stratford-on-Avon. "payments made by John Hart, Chester Herald, on behalf of the Earl of Oxford." The item with But here again, in tracing the Bard's familiar­ which we are now concerned reads: ity with •Biblical text, the investigator reaches conclusions that can be shown to corroborate the To William Seres, stationer, for a Geneva Oxfordian theory in convincing detail. Bible gilt, a Chaucer, Plutarch's works in French, with other books and papers • • • Realizing that no direct evidence exists to prove 7. 10. that the householder of Stratford ever personally 2. owned a Bible or for that matter, any other book, So it would seem that Calvinist Arthur Gold­ Richmond Noble at first adopted Sir Sidney Lee's ing's eloquent appeal to his_.unpredictable nephew supposition that the poet had been instructed in to take the scriptures-and particularly the Psalms Biblical lore at school. He soon found, however, -"as the light of your steps" may very well have that been acted upon in a way far different from that in which the puritanical translator had intended . . . unfortunately this view seems to have -but to the eternal glory of English literature! been based on nothing more substantial than a confident assumption; there is nothing to Charles Wisner Barrell show that (Lee) took any pains to confirm it

Topicalities In The Plays

Since Hidden Allusions in Shake&peare'1 Plays ing the writing of Twelfth Night as following was published, other topical references have been close upon the heels of that year. noted which appear to confirm my theory of the chronological order of the plays based on allu­ "There were none principal, they were all like one another, as half pence are, every one sions to contemporary incidents. A few of these topicalities are here given. fault seeming monstrous, till his fellow-fault came to match it." In Twelj,h Nighl are found many references to events of 1580, along with which are echoes of (Ai You Like It, III. ii. 342). Lyly's Euphues and his England, published in that Halfpence were first coined in Elizabeth's reign in year and dedicated to Lord Oxford. 1582-3, and, in comparison with the great variety "But I am a great eater of beef and I believe of coins of other denominations then in circulation, that it does harm to my wit" (Tw. N., I. iii. 82) there was a propriety in saying "as like one an­ seems a paraphrase of Lyly's "As for the Quailes other as halfpence are'' (Wright). As there are you promise me, I can be content with beefe, and many allusions in As You Like It to events of for the questions they must be eaeie, els shall I 1581 and 1582, this play must have been written not aunswere them, for my wit will shew with soon afterward and was probably finished only what gro88e diot I haue been brought vp.'' Again after the issue of the new coin, when the mention we find" ... the tailor make thy doublet of change• of it was of topical interest. able taffeta, for thy mind is a very opal" (Tw. N., I have already identified the original of Sir II. iv. 79) is similarly paraphrased from Lyly's Oliver Mart.ext as Oliver Pigge, a Puritan minister, "as our changeable silk turned to ye Sonne bath who wrote a book called A com/ortable treati.re many colours, and turned backe the contrary, so upon IM loller parl a/ IM Jourth chapitre oJ 1/ae wit shippeth [abapeth] it self to euery conceit be­ first Epistle oJ Saint Peler, printed in 1582 (Re­ ing constant in nothing but inconstancie." Lyly view oJ En&li.rh Slruliet1, 1931). It is significant became secretary to the Earl of Oxford in 1580 or that there was entered in the Stationers' Regis­ shortly before and, naturally, the Earl was deeply ters, August 6, 1584, the ballad "0 swete Olyver, interested in the work of bis secretary, whose two Leave me not behind the," and again August 1, Euphues volumes immediately became the rage in 1586, "O swete Olyver, altered to ye scriptures." England. Like other fashions, euphuism lost its The two entries of this ballad so soon after the vogue in a few short years. publication of Oliver Pigge's book on the First "Policy I hate; I had as lief be a Brow~iet as a Epistle of Saint Peter, especially the second one politician" (Tw. N., III. ii. 33) is a line referring which mentions altering "ye ecriptures,t' indicates to a dissenting group under the leadership of Rob­ the Puritan vicar as the object of humorous ridi­ ert Brown who began his assaults upon the Church cule in the song for his effrontery in attempting to of England about 1580 and be gained many fol­ rewrite the Scriptures. A few lines of the song, lowers. He was called before a court of ecclesias­ known some time before it was registered, as was tical commissioners and, being insolent to the customary, were introduced inio the play for the court, was committed to the custody of the sher­ purpose of heaping further ridicule on the hapless iff's officer, but was released at the intercession of vicar. Fifteen or twenty years later when, accord­ his relative, the Lord Treasurer Burghley. He was ing to the generally accepted chronology, Ai You finally excommunicated for contempt and the sol­ Like It is supposed to have been written, such a emnity of this censure immediately effected his reference would have fallen ftat on the ears of the reformation and in the year 1582 "went off from ground.lings. It would have been understood and the separation and came into the communion of have brought a laugh in the early 1580's. the Church/' (Furness.) The time when the Brown­ From many allusions in TM 'II' inter' & Tale, that ists were of any importance was between 1580 and play would appear to have been written about 1582, thus making the reference an allusion top­ 1586. The character of AutolycUB, the rogue who ical in 1580, along with many others, and show- has fallen from better estate and who says "a 10 NEWS-LETTER

nimble hand is necessary for a cut-purse" (Jf .T., seldom seene in kites of Cressid's kinde"-which IV. iii. 685), seems to have been modeled on that was reprinted in The Whole Works of George Ga&­ of a certain Wotton. According to F1eetwood's re­ coigne, 1587. The dramatist, long familiar with port, 1585, this Wotton, a gentleman born, kept George Gascoigne's poetry, read again the old an alehouse and taught young boy,i to become Dan.Bartholomew of Balke in the 1587 edition and pickpockets. incorporated the striking expression above quoted into his new play. Another allusion indicating 1586 as about the,11 year The Winter's Tale was written is the line Any author mirrors the times in which he lives, whether intentionally or not, and the author of the "The statue is but newly fix'd, the colour's great plays we are engaged in studying mirrored Not dry." (W.T., V. iii. 47). the Elizabethan period. The allusions noted are Professor William Lyon Phelps, in his Auto­ not just imagined; they are not mere coincidences; there are too many for that! biography with Let1tJ11, recently published, calls attention to the fact that in 1586 a statue in honor Eva Turner Clark of Queen Elizabeth was erected at Lud Gate, which in that year was rebuilt. When Lud Gate was taken down, the statue of Queen Elizabeth was "moved .Anomos, or A. W. to old St. Dunstan's Church, the only known con­ The poems by An.omo.sin A Poet-icaJRhapsody, temporary statue of the great Queen." A few years last and best of Elizabethan poetical miscellanies, ago, the grimy old etatue w~ cleaned and re­ have proved a puzzle to all students of Elizabethan painted. "Painted she was o:riginally; and very literature. Francis Davison, eon of Secretary Dav• likely in colors much stronger than those which ison ( upon whom Queen Elizabeth vented her dis· make her look so fresh and dapper today. Eliza• pleasure at the time of the ~tion of Mary hethans, like men of the Middle Ages, could not Queen of Scots), was the author of a number of think of a statue unpainted. 'The statue is hut the poems and was the collector and editor of the newly fix'd, the colouls not dry,' cries Paulina in first edition, 1602. alarm when Perdita is in too great a hurry to kiss In this first edition, Davison opens his letter the hand of her mother." Professor Phelps, better "To the Reader" with the following statement: •·· than he realized, hi\ the nail on the .head when he "Being induced, by some priuate reasons, and by connected the line from Tiu: Fwer's Tale with the instant intreatie of speciall friendes, to suf­ Elizabeth's statue, new and freshly paiuted in 1586. fer some of my worthlesse PoeIDt to be published, The line is truly topical. . I desired to make some written by my deere friend Professor A. F. Pollard, in The Times Literarr Anomo&, and my deerer Brol/aer, to bes.re them Sup-plemenl (London, 3 Apr. 1937), points out company: Both without their consent, the latter the line, "Then brook abridgement, and your eyes being in the low Country Warres, and the former advance0 (Henry Y, Act V, Prologue, line 1), as vtterly ignorant thereof. My .friendes name I con­ a pun on Brook's Abrulgemenl, the most famous cealed, mine owne, and my brothers, I willed the legal text-hook before the days of Coke. This book Printer to suppreese, as well as I had concealed was first published in 1573-4, and wu reprinted the other: which he hauing put in, without my in 1576 and 1586. The edition of 1586 undoubted­ priuity, we must both now vndergoe a sharper ly caught the attention of our dramatist, learned censure perhaps then our nameles works should u he was in the law, and he introduced the de­ haue done, & I especially. For if their Poems be lightful pun into the new play ho was then writ­ liked, the praise is due to their inuention, if dis­ ing, Henry Y, immediately following The Winler's liked, the blame both by them, and all men will Tale. Most of the contepiporary allusions found in he deriued vppon me, for publishing that which Henry Y refer to events of 1586, indicating that they meant to suppresse." the play was written towards the end of that year Another excerpt from the same letter states: and early in 1587. "For theae Poems in particular, I could alledge "The lazar kite of Crea:id'e kind" (Henry Y, these excuses; that thoiie vnder tb.e Name of A.n­ II. i. 74) is a line which echoes one in. George omos, were written ( u appeareth by diuers things Gascoigne's Dan BarllwlomC'flJ oj Badur- "Nor to Syr Philip Suln.ey liuing, and of him dead) al-

'! ' Oc;T.-Nov., 1940 3 ality and his literary labors in the works of "Wil­ Then, after urging young Oxford to emulate the liam Shakespeare," on the other. eumples of Epaminondas of Thebes and Arymba In fact, study of Louis Thom Golding's re• of Epirus who were not only great soldiers but search makes it possible at this time to announce acholara and peace-maken as well, be concludes: a discovery of heretofore unidentified. Shakes­ Let these and other eumples encourage pearean source material that seems to have escaped your tender years to proceed in learning the attention of experts in the field during the put ••• and virtue • • • whereof, 88 your great for­ three hundred years. wardness giveth assured hope and expecta­ Edward de Vere had been entered as an "im• tion, 80 I most heartily beseech Almighty pubes fellow-commoner" at Queen's College, Cam­ God to further, augment, eatabliah and con­ bridge nearly fours years before be took up bis firm the same in your Lordship with the official residence with the Master of the Royal abundance of bis grace. Wards. Arthur Golding, fourteen years bis senior, accompanied the young Earl as personal "re­ Your Lordship'• bumble servant, ceiver" of the Vere estates which were then ap­ Arthur Golding parently among the greatest in the realm. That Golding also acted as tutor and general adviser to A Dileovery of Beal lmpol'I , his nephew can be taken for granted, for the trlDB­ , lator addresse& Oxford in such a dual spirit in The "delectable Historyes, and notable eum­ : dedications of books publiahed in 1564 and 157L plol' thus brought to Edward de Vere'• attention The first of these is an English version of Jua­ 80 persuasively during 'b.isformative years must , tin's previously untrBDBlated A.bridgemw of 1M have vividly appealed to the preoociom hoy. · Histories a/ Trap, Pompeim, "a worke conteyn­ It is a signilicant "coincidence," now noted for ing briefty great plenty of most delectable His­ the first time., that the writer of the Shabapearean ' toryes, and notable eumples, worthy not only to playa muat also have been vividly impreaeed by be Read, but also to bee embraced and followed by the enccinct tales from T,o,,,,. Pompau for he al men." alludes many limea to striking incidenta and un­ . : Lord Ox.ford was only fourteen years of age and uaual penonalitiea of the ancient world that ap­ · about to receive a degree from St. John's College, pear in this early tramlation hy Ardmr Golding.

•.Cambridge, when his uncle offered the fruit of bis Lack of apace prenmts mention of more ~ two 'labors in the field of ancient history to him in or three such parallela here: thesewords: In the first chapt« of the Hilt.oryu we fi»d the • • • there was not any who, either of duty story of Cyrua, ruler of the P~ Empire. ad might more justly claim the same, or for bis defeat and death by the ~ ltraklff of the whose estate it seemed more requisite and Scythian queen Tomyrie. necessary, or of whom I thought it should Turning to Shakespeare', I Helll"f Skll, (II, 3), be more favourably accepted, than of your wo discover the Counteaa of Auvergne planning honour. For .•• it is not unknown to others, the capture and murder of the Engliah hero Tal­ and I have had experience thereof myaelf, bot with comm.entll eoch u tbeae: how earnest a desire your honour hath natur­ The plot is laid; if all things fall out right, ally .grafted in you to read, peruse, and com­ I shall he 88 famous by this exploit municate with others as well the histories of As Scythian·Tomyria by Cyrae' death. ancient times, and things done long ago, as also of the present estate of things in our The connection here ifi unrni8takable for Trogus days, and that not without a certain preg­ Pompeius aeema to be the one historian of the nancy of wit and ripeness of understanding. period who refen to Tomyris 88 a Scythian queen. The which do not only rejoice the heartaof Herodotua and othen speak of her 88 Queen of all such as bear faithful affection to the hon­ the Ma11age11Mt. ourable house of your ancestorst but also stir Again, in this book dedicated to Lord Oxford up great hope and expectation of such wis­ by Arthur Golding we read of Semiramis the dom and experience in you in times to come; mythical queen of Assyria and her criminal ex­ as is meet and beaeeming for ao noble a nee. ploits with her own aon Ninyae. • 4 NEWS-LETTEh

Shakespeare's allegorical melodrama of Tilw Care not for issue: Andronicw compares the blood-thirsty Tamora, The crown will find an heir: great Alexander Queen of the Goths (here evidently representing Left his to th' worthiest; so his successor the Spain of Philip II) with Was like to he the best. Thie goddess, this Semiramis, this nymph, This airen, that will charm Rome's Saturnine. Altogether, there are ten or _more clear-cut a). And in the introduction to The Taming o/ the Jusions in the plays to memorable characteriza. Shrew, the lord who plays the practical joke oll tions and passages that appear in Arthur Golding's Sly, the drunken tinker, promises him translation of Trogu.s Pompeius. In addition, .•. a couch Shakespeare seems to have drawn heavily upon the Softer and sweeter than the lustful bed book in naming many of his dramatic personagllS. On purpose trimmed up for Semiramis. Fully a dozen of the heroes of antiquity that Gold­ ing re-vitalized for the delectation of his brilliant The account of Alexander the Great in Trogw nephew reappear in name if not in exact character­ Pompeiu.s is particularly well handled-a model of ization in the Shakespearean comedies and tra­ clear and concise reporting. Two dramatic inci­ gedies-exclusive of the Roman plays, modeled dents in this miniature biography of the classic directly upon Plutarch. superman seem to have fi.xed themselves in the memory of Shakespeare. The first relates to Alex­ ander's murdering of his confidential friend Clei­ ''Thine Uncle, Famous in tus during a drinking bout. Caesar's Praises" This is alluded to by the irrepressible and mud­ dle-tongued Fluellen in Henry Y, (IV, 7) 88 fol­ In October, 1565, from his East Anglian birth­ lows: place of "Powles Belchamp," Arthur Golding ded­ Alexander,--Got knows, and you k.now,­ icated one of his most important translations "To the ryghte honorable Syr Willyam Cecill Knight, in his rages and his furies, and his wraths, principal Secretarye to the Queenes Maiestie, and and hie cholera, and his moods, and his dis­ maister of her highnes Courtes of wardes and liu• pleasures, and his indignations, and also be­ ing a little intoxicates in his prains, did, in eriea." his ales and his angers, look you, kill his pest This W88 a spirited English version of Caesar's friend, Cleitus. Commentari.e,, bearing the rather verbose title of TM eyght booke.s o/ Caius JuliJU Caesar conleyn• The other Alexandrian anecdote has to do with ing his MartiaU e,;ploytes in the Realme o/ Gallia the great conqueror's final act. It is reported in and the CounJries bordering upon the same. The the ancient chronicle in this wise: volume represents a landmark in English history When his friends saw him dying, they asked .:md scholarship for it was the first translation of him" whom he would appoint as the successor the greatest of all military classics to be printed to hie throne?" He replied, "The most in the vernacular. That it was eagerly read by worthy.n Such was his nobleness of spirit, Golding's bookish young relative, there can be no that though he left a son named Hercules, a doubt. Shakespeare's preoccupation with the char• brother called Aridaeus, and his wife Roxane acter and exploits of Julius Caesar is too · well with child, yet for getting his relations, he known to require comment. named only "the most worthy,, as hie soc• It is interesting, but perhaps not surprising to cessor; as though it were unlawful for any find the Bard adopting Golding's exact phraseology hut a brave man to succeed a brave man , .. when the latter makes Caesar remark: Shakespeare's King Leontes in The Winter's Of all the inhabitants of the isle, the civile1& Tale, having put away his wife and daughter in a are the Kentish-folk.e. jealous rage, (just 88 Lord Oxford himself did in 1576, by the way) finds hb:melf likely to face the This reappears in the speech of the doomed•. future without an heir. The old noblewoman Lord Say to Ja~-::-~ade, II Henry YI, (IV, 7): Paulina offers him this cold but familiar com­ Kent, in toe.Commentaries Caesar writ fort (Act V, 1.) : Is tenn'd the civill',, place of all this isle. 0cr.-Nov., 1940 5

Also in Cymbeline (III, 1), the playwright has peare's scintillating genius that the identification Lucius, the Roman general, remark. to the British of the translator with the poet's development is in leader: many respects easier to distinguish than is the part that Golding the man took. in the education and When Julius Caesar, whose remembrance yet support of his own children. Lives in men's eyes and will to and ean For instance, the translator's dedication to his tongues ,'ephew in 1571 of The Psalmes o/ Da11id and Be theme and hearing ever, was in this Britain others with M. John Calvin's Commentaries might And conquer'd it, Cauihelan, thine unck,­ seem at first glance of very little significance, ex­ Famous in Caesar's praises, no whit less cept to the two people chiefly concerned. The "old Than in his feats deserving it, etc. • • • religious uncle" appean to have been somewhat Cassibelan does not appear in the play and his concerned at this time about the spiritual welfare relationship to Cymbeline and admiration for of the dashing young peer who was known as a Caesar seem to stress the Bard's appreciation of champion "spear-shaker" in the lists, an ingenious uncles who reflect Arthur Golding's particular char­ writer of light verse, a patron of poets, philoso• acteristics. Half a dozen pointed reference& in phere and dramatists, and the Queen's personal various plays to the fact that an uncle can, if he favorite among Court entertainers. "If it were not will, fulfill the offices of a missing parent, come for his fickle head he would pass any of them readily to mind. shortly," wrote Gilbert Talbot to his father, l:he Earl of Shrewsbury, in 1572. Evidently Arthur When my uncle told me so, he wept, Golding watched the development of Os.ford's And hugg'd me in his arm ... (Ill Henry YI) mind with some distrust, for the Earl was as com• ••. And thy uncle will plex and contradictory a personality as the age As dear be to thee aa thy father was. had to offer: a voracious student and distinguished (King John) scholar, and at the same time a highly-mannered But the most unusual of these allusions that fop; a musician and a master-tilter; a poet, a keen adumbrate Shakespeare's familiarity with the schol­ follower of new philosophies, but an incorrigible arly Golding himself occur in As You Like le. practical joker; an eager soldier, an expert horse­ Rosalind, disguised as a back.woods youth, meets man, the best dancer at Court and withal a natural Orlando in the forest and is complimented upon comedian. Courtbope in his Hi.story o/ Engluh her refined accent. She replies: Poetry describes him (appropriately enough) in exactly the same words that Shakespeare uses to I have been told so of many: but indeed characterize Falstaff: "He was not only witty in an old religious uncle of miM taught me lo himseli, but the cause of wit in othera." Sir Wil­ speak, who was in his youth an inland man liam Cecil, his guardian, sketches the Earl realis­ tically in a letter written to Lord Rutland at this Later in the play, when Orlando tries to ex­ time. plain the contradictions in Rosalind's hidden per­ I find ••• that there is much more in him aonality to the Duke, he says: of understanding than any stranger to him But my good lord, this boy is forest-born, would think. And for my own part I find that And hath been tutor'd in the rudiments whereof I take comfort in his wit and knowl­ OJmany desperate studies by his uncle, edge grown by good observation. Whom he reports to be a great magician ••• This was the distinctly "off standard" represen­ tative of the ancient English aristocracy to whom The Protean PenonalllJ of Arthur Golding addressed his 1571 edition of The the Poet-Peer Psalms o/ Dat1id with the heartfelt hope that 0x.:---. ford would take their message u Close students of the personality of Arthur Gold­ ing as it emerges from his biography will also • . . the lantern of your feet, and the light find the idiosyncracies of this unusual purita.n­ of your steps. Whosoever walketb without it poet-echolar and his chief interests in life so walk.eth but in darkness, though he were persistently refracted through the rays of Shakes- ( Conlinued on page 7) 6 NEWS-LETTER

NEWS-LETTER continued under the direction of Mrs. Eva Turner THE SHAKESPEARE FEU.OWSHIP Clark, with the assietance of Miss Ellen Ross, a AMERICAN BRANCH devoted member of the Shakespeare Fellowship.

Letters addressed to The Shakespeare Fellowship1 'VOLUME rl OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1940 No. 6 17 E~t 48th Street, New York, will receive prompt attention. Presidene •1 Louis P. Benezet, A.M., Ph.D. Index Vice-Pre.sulenu James Stewart Cushman The present issue completes Volume I of the Mn. Eva Turner Clark NEWS-LETTER.An Index to Volume I will be sent Secretary and TreMurer to members of the Shakespeare Fellowship with the December issue, which begins Volume II. The Charles Wisner Barrell Index will be found of great _convenience to those Occasional meetings of the American Branch who plan to have the first volume bound. will be held, for which special notices will be sent to members, Dues for membership in the Five Thousand New Readers American Branch are $2.50 per year, which sum We are informed by the editors of Scumlific includes one year's subscription to the NEWS­ American that more than five thousand extra LETrER. The officers of the American Branch will act as copies of the January issue of that magazine have been so)d. an editorial board for the publication of the They attribute this entirely to the fact that the NEWS-LETTER,which will appear every other issue mentioned was the one featuring the article month, or six times a year. by Charles Wisner Barrell, "Identifying Shakea­ News items, comments by readen and articles of interest to all students of Shakespeare and of peare With X-Rays and Infra-Red Photography," m which conclusive proof is given that the Earl - the acknowledged mystery that surrounds the of Oxford is the real man beneath the surface of authorship of the plays and poems, are desired. certain so-called "life paintings" of William Such material must be of reasonable brevity. No compensation can be made to writers beyond the Shakespeare. We congratule the publishers of Scientific Amer• sincere thanks of the Editorial Board. Articles icon upon their perspicacity in publishing Mr. and letters will express the opinions of their Barrell', epoch-making piece of Shakespearean re­ authors, not necessarily of the editors. They search. may be sent to The Shakespeare Fellowabip, 17 East 48th Street, New York, N. Y. Poet Passes "In the Army Now" The Shakespeare Fellowship lost a staunch ad, The Secretary-Treuurer of The Shakespeare herent on August 14th when Alfred Antoine Fur• Fellowship-American Branch is now attached to man passed away at his home in Clifton, New the U.S. Army. Mr. Barrell is acting as an editor Jersey. In his eighty-fifth year, Mr. Furman wu and director for Training Film Field Unit No. I, a poet of considerable ability with several books with headquarters at Fort Monmouth, Oceanport, to his credit. He had been an Oxfordian since reading Mr. Looney's Shake&JH!areIdentified some· New Jersey. Motion pictures are to be used ex­ tensively in training the new army in all branches eighteen years ago. His verses entitled "Edward of military tactics, and Mr. Barrell is one of sev­ de Vere, Accepting Him as Author of Shakespeare" eral experts in the production of educational films were published in our April-May issue. now serving in the Field Unit at Fort Monmouth. Mr. Furman was a direct descendant of the famous Howard family of England from which the • • • Dukes of Norfolk have sprung. Both he and hia During Mr. Darrell's absence from active work late brother, Philip Howard Furman, were well with the NEws-LETTER, its publication will be known Shakespearean students and collectors. OcT.-Nov., 1940 11 most twentie yeers since, when Poetry was farre nnd Thomas Churchyard. It is of the poets of from that perfection, to which it hath now at­ this period of whom the critic, William Wehbe, tained." writes in A Discourse o/ English Poetry, 1586, The name Anomos is believed to have been in­ when he says: "I may not omit the deserved com­ tended by Davison to mean Anonymous, a syn• mendations of many honourable and noble Lords nonym of / gnoto, used commonly in England's and Gentlemen in Her Majesty's Court, which, in Helicon for unknown writer, and it is now the the rare devices of poetry have been, and yet are, opinion of scholars that the signature, "A. W.," most skilful; among whom the Right Honourable attached to all but one of the sixty-nine poems Earl of Oxford may challenge to himself the title in Davison's manuscript list of poems by A. W., of the most excellent among the rest." is identical in meaning with Anomoa; that is. this The Earl of Oxford's poetic talent did not escape mystifying signature is simply the initial letters mention by his contemporaries. Wehbe singles of Anonymous Writer, or Writers. him out as the greatest of the courtier poets, yet, For a full disc'US8ion on this point, readers are with the exception of a few youthful verses, his referred to Professor Hyder E. Rollins' edition poems have disappeared, in spite of his reputation, (1932) of A Poetical Rhapsody. If A. W. was an and this at a time when it was the custom lo individual, Professor Rollins comments, "then one collect manuscript poems. How could his poems of the greatest poets of the Elizabethan period is have disappeared so completely? My answer is still unknown, and his anonymity furnishes a that Lord Oxford's poems were known only to his greater problem than that which certain mis­ intimates and to the literati of London, they were guided people ( aic) have associated with the never published as his, but were saved to pos­ identity of Shakespeare. It seems hardly credible terity by being published, some twenty years that a poet so copious in production, so versatile after they were written, under the initials A. W., in stanzaic forms, metrical pattel'D8, and literary meaning Anonymous Writer, just as his plays types, as A. W. should have entirely escaped men• were attributed by Meres in 1598 to William tion by his contemporaries." Shakespeare. We know now that •'William Shakes­ Because some of the poems fall below the high, peare" was the pen name of the Earl of Oxford. degree of excellence of most of those signed A. W., That the poet Earl was the "deere friend" of Professor Rollins believes, with others, that the Francis Davison we can readily understand. Lord signature hides the identity of more than one au­ Oxford's father-in-law was the Lord Treasurer thor. Nevertheless, it appears to be the opinion of Burghley. Secretary Davison, father of Francis, most scholars that all the more important poems was related to Lord Burghley. The two younger must he assigned to one great writer, largely be­ men, therefore, came within the same family re­ cause of their general excellence, partly because lationship and social connection; their mutual in­ Francis Davison states in his letter "To the Reader" terest in poetry would have brought them even that they were "written by my deere friend An­ closer. EtJa Turner C'lark omos," identical with A. W. of his manuscript list. In later editions, Davison attributes some of the poems to other writers, which makes it appear Resolute and Determined probable that in the meantime his "deere friend The violent bombing attacks -..pon London have Anomo:," had prot.ested that some of them were interrupted communications with many of our not his. Oxfordian correspondents in the metropolitan dis­ In order to inquire into the identity of Anomos, trict of England. We have, however, recently re­ it is necessary to turn hack the pages of history ceived a letter from one of them, now living in for two decades prior to the publication in 1602 the country, and he gives such a picture of life of A Poetical Rhapsody, as Davison declares the under war conditions that we wish to share it poems by Anomo:, were written "almost twenty with our members. An excerpt follows: years since," that is, about 1582. The unknown "I am quite comfortable and am being well poet must be placed in point of time with such looked after in this ancient farm-house, which is poets as Edward Earl of Oxford, Sir Philip Sid­ a fine place to work in, becauae of the freedom ney, Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir Fulke Greville, Sir from interruption. My days are very huay, because, Edward Dyer, Edmund Spenser, Thomas Watson, in addition to correspondence and my Elizabethan 12 NEWS-LETTER

work .•. , I have war-duties on the A.R.P. and lain amount of idle amusement-that is good for local defence telephones, which have to be served the human animal-but there are times when the day and night. The planes are over us nearly lighter things do not satisfy. The question arises, every night; and we are shaken, often, by the can we use our leisure to better advantage? crash of bombs. Whose turn may come next, no• Members of the Shakespeare Fellowship have body knows. found an answer to that query. They have found "It is all an amazing and very terrible busl? it in the study of the plays and poems of Shakes­ ness; yet with a certain grandeur about it-to peare in the light of new discoveries which show feel that, against a world of enemies, we are fight­ them to have been written by Edward de Vere, ing for our lives; and for much that is dearer Earl of Oxford, scholar and courtier, a knowledge than our lives, including our liberties of thought of whose life makes the writings more compre­ and action. The nation is resolute and determined; hensible. Reading of the plays, with the background and-if we have to give lives and all-we shall now given to. them, will be. found stimulating to sell them dearly. Meanwhile we set our teeth, and an unusual degree and will help us to retain our live from day to day. Even the church-tower here sanity in a world given over to insanity. is a watch-tower against any attempted landing in Shortly after the outbreak of the present Eu­ this part of the country; and street& are barri­ ropean war, an English newspaper printed some caded. lines that should make an indelible impression on "The war, I think, will be a very long one; and all our minds. We quote: "Literature is the brood, will be fought out mercilessly on either side. Hit• ing human spirit of today, of yesterday and of to­ ler has had it pretty much his own way, so far; morrow. It can bind hearts that are broken by but my impression is that, later on, when his own evil. The task of politics has its day and ends: the country has been more thoroughly bombed-as task of art is eternal." it will be-and when he finds himself surrounded In pursuing our investigations as to the author­ by half-starved, conquered countries, on the loot ship of the Shakespeare plays, we are following of which he can no longer live, he will begin to an art that is eternal. for the superb plays are as find his apparently triumphant position an in­ nearly eternal as anything in the literary field of creasingly difticult one. We shall see! America, this transitory world can be. Research into the perhaps, may help us effectively later on. Whether mystery of authorship often brings results which she does or no, we shall fight to a finish. thrill the student as few things can. "The position of the French is terrible. I re• Members of the Fellowship who have been ac­ '• ceived, this morning, a letter from a close friend tive in research are happy to find an increasing of mine, a very distinguished Frenchman (name interest in the problem of authorship. While we deleted), telling me that he-who was a rich are no longer uncertain as to the identity of the man, a year ago--is penniless, having lost every­ author, there are innumerable details yet to be thing in the German invasion • • . • Thousands cleared up which should occupy the minds of of others are in like case. Several friends o,f mine hundreds of students, even thousands, and give fled from the Channel Islands, with their famil­ them great satisfaction in the doing. ies, in the clothes they stood in, and no more•.•• Such is life in Europe today. But we are not down-hearted. I do not think we shall go down. Memorial Library. we do, we shall go down fighting. I would be If Mrs. William R. Bishop, president of the Hen• in the air-force tomorrow, were I young." derson County Woman's Club, of Athens, Texas, and a member of the Shakespeare Fellowship, has If We Have Leisure! been one of the prime movers in the building of a library in memory of Henderson County men We do not need.-to be reminded that the days who lost their lives in the last war. The dedication we live in are full-of problems and anxiety, both ceremonies took place on Friday, September 6th. foreign and domestic. That is a self-evident fact! It has taken many months of untiring devotion on What we must consider in such times of stress is the part of Mrs. Bishop and her co-workers to ac• how to keep our minds steady. We must not allow complish this superb piece of work and we ex• ourselves to become "jittery." We all need a cer- tend· t.o them our hearty congratulations! · ll' ·HY

U"i1VrP r.:11 ·1 .· :,r l• INOTO"I

1NDEX

Volume I S~A; f!... /i. W,lSHINGTON

"A Hundreth Sundrie Flowres: from the origi• "Elizaliethan Myster1 Man," A Di~cst of Ox­ nal edition of 1573, with an Introduction ford Case, hy Charles Wisner Harrell ..... 11.l l and Notes," by Captain B. M. Ward ...... 1.5 "Elizabethan Puritan, An," Allen, Ernest Stirling ...... 1.6 by Louis Thorn Goldin~ ...... \'I.I

Allen's Best Book, Percy ...... 11.6 Eminent Elizabethan Seholar's New All's Well That Ends Well ...... IV.11 Publication ...... V. I 2 Anomos, or A. W. ....•....•...•...... VI.IO Essential Evidence, Book Reviews ...... I.B Antony and Cleopatra ...... I V.3. V.8 Field to Cultivate, A ...... I.rt "Apologie for Pvetrie, An," First Folio Hunt Turns to England ...... 111.12 by Philip Sidney ...... III.9, 10 Five Thousand New Readers ...... VI.6 As You Like It ...•...... V.10. VI.5, 9 Funds Needed for Exploration ...... 11.6 Authorship Mystery Classic Available ..... 111.l l Golding: The Uncle of Edward de Vere, Baltimore Discovers Oxford ...... 1·,; .8 Arthur, by Charles Wisner Barrell ...... Vl.1 Baseless Fabric ...... 1.7 Good and Welfare ...... 111.12 Benezet's Message, President ...... I.2 Hamlet ... 11.1l. 111.2, 9, 10. IV.l, 8, 10. V.9. 10

"Ben Jonson and the First Folio," by Gerald Hamlet's Composition, Date of, H. Rendall, review by M. W. Douglas ...... 11.8 by Eva Turner Clark ...... 111.9 Best Wishes from Abroad ...... 11.10 "Hamlet, The Problem of," by A. S. Cairncross ...... 111.9. IV.2 Burt of Boston and the Globe ...... Ill.8 Heart of the Mystery, To Pluck the, "By Any Other Name," by Charles Wisner Barrell ...... 1.2 by Warren Munsell, Jr ...... II.5. 1\1.6. V.12 "He Must Build Churches Then," Collectors, Give Ear ...... 11.ll by Eva Turner Clark ...... IV.7

"Compleat Gentleman, The," 2 Henry JV ...... IV.II. V.10 by Henry Peacham ...... IV.12 Henry JI ••••••..•••.•.•• 111.12. IV. l. Vl.4, 10 Coriolanus .•...... •••...... Ill. 7. IV .3 1 Henry JII . • • • . . • ...... •.... VIA. 7 Crime Imitates Fiction ...... 111.6 2 He,iry VI ...... ••...... Vl.4. 7 Cymbeli11.e•.•....•.•...•...... VI.5 3 Henry VI ...... •.•...•...... \'l.5 Dean of Literary Detectives on the War ...... 11.5 Henry VJ/I ...... Vl.7 Definition .•...... 11.6 "Honor" of Authorship, The ...... IV .12 If We Have Leisure! Vl.12 Discovery! ...... 1.8 ...... •...... Index to Volume I ..••.••.•.••..•••.••.• Vl.6 "Don John of Austria," by Sil' William Stirling-Maxwell ...... Il.l2 "In the Army Now" ...... Vl.6

--- Invasions ...... •...... IV.6 Oxfo1·d Here Another Anchor? Is Not, by Charles Wisner Barrell ..•...... IV.I Judith the Illiterate, by Charles Wisner Barrell ...... 1.7 Ox.ford as "Shakespeare," First Play Present- ing, by Tom Nash, Jr ...... V.12 Julius Caesar ...... IV.3 "Oxford Was Shakespeare, Lord," King John ...... IV.I. V.9. Vl.5 by Lt. Col. Montagu W. Douglas ...... l.5

King Lear ...... IV .9 "Oxford, The Seventeenth Earl of," by Captain B. M. Ward ...... 1.5. 11.10 King Lear in the News, quoting Algernon Charles Swinburne ...... IV.9 Oxford's Life Dramatized ...... IV .6

Lecture on Pictorial Evidence at Club Founded "Oxford's March, The Earle of" ...... 11.12 by H. H. Furness ...... •.. 111.3 Oxford's Wide Knowledge of Music Reflected "Let No Dog Bark" ...... V.6 in Shakespeare's Plays ...... 111.12 Letter from F ranee, A ...... IV .4 Ox.ford-Shakespeare Birthday Party ...... I V.4 love's Labour's Lost ...... 111.3. IV.11 Oxford Theory, An Address by Garfield A. King of Vancouver IV.6 Lucrece: The Painting in, ...... by Eva Turner Clark ...... V.5 Oxfordian's Happy Thought, An ...... 11.12 Master of Double Talk, A ...... IV.5 Oxfordian Items, Other ...... 111.11 McAllister, Paul, a Pioneer Oxfordian ..... IV.12 Poet Passes (Alfred Antoine Furmaul ...... VI.6 Measure for Measure ...... IV.I. V.8, 9 Rapid Growth of Research Fellowf'hip ...... 11.7 Memorial Library ...... VI.12 "Reply to John Drinkwater," hy P~rry and Merchant of Venice, The ...... 1.6. 11.9, 12. Vl.8 Ernest Allen ...... 1.6 Merry Wives of Windsor, The ...... • IV.2, 3 Resolute and Determined ...... Vl.l l Miss Book of Indiana ...... Ill.12 Richard II \1.9 Mountainous Error, ...... •...... by Charles Wisner Barrell ...... III. 7 Uomeo and Juliet ...... V. l l Much Ado About Nothing IV.I, 2 ...... "Schoole of Abuse, The," by Stephen Go:>son .111.9 Muddled Miracle: Dr. Phelps Conjugates the "Scientific American" Follow-up ...... Ifl.1 l Incongruous, by Charles Wisner Barrell .... V.4 Shakespeare, Ashbourne "Mystery of 'Mr. W. H.', The," Portrait of ...... II. I. HI.IO. \i.12 by Col. B. R. Ward ...... 1.5 Neapolitan Prince, The, by Eva Turner Clark. II.12 Shakespeare and Ben Jonson, by Louis P. Benezet ...... IV.5 Only a Smock: But It Covers a Famous Rival- ry, by Margaret L. Knapp ...... 111.3 "Shakespeare Industry, This" ...... 1.7

Otltello ...... V.8, 9 Shakespeare Fellowship, AmeriC'an Branch .... 1.1 Shakespeare Fellowship, Origin and "Shakespeare's" Tutor ...... I.II Achievements ...... I.5 Swinhurne, Algernon Charles ...... 1V .9 Shakespeare Fellowship, To Memlier:,; of the, hy ~:va Turner Clark ...... I. I Tami11g of the Slirew. The ...... VI. I

Shakespeare First Folio ...... 111.6, 12 Through de Vere Country, by Eva Turner Clark ...... V.I "'Shakespeare' Identified in Edward de Vere, Seventeenth Earl of Oxford," by J. Thomas Titus Andronicus ...... (1.9. VI. 4 Looney, 1.5, 8. 11.2, 5. 111.2, 11. IV.IO, 12. VI.6 To Bear in Mind ...... IV.12 "Shakespeare Problem Restated, The," by Sir George Greenwood ...... 1.5 Tongues, The ...... VUl

Shakespeare Read Books Written in Greek, Topicalities in the Plays, by Eva Turner Clark ...... Il.9 by Eva Turner Clark ..•...... Vl.9

Shakespeare Read Dante? Had, Translation of Portrait Article lo he Puhlished by James J. Dwyer ..•..•...... •.. V.7 in the Lowlands ...... 111.10

Shakespeare, The Roentgen ...... •.•...... I 1.4 Troilus and Cressida ...•...... •.. 11.9

"Shakespeare," Secret Personality of, Brou~ht Tweedsmuir, Commendation from Lord .... 111.7 to Light after Three Centuries I Ashbourne Portrait l ...... I I.I Twelfth Night ...... I.a. III.IO. IV.11. VI.9

"Shakespeare Si::i;natures and 'Sir Thomas Unanswered Query and Its Implications, An .. II 1.2 More,' The!' by Sir George Greenwood ...... 1.5 Underdowne's Translation Which Shakespeare "'Shakespeare', Sous le Masque de 'William," Had Read, by Eva Turner Clark ...... ••. U-1 by Professor Abel Lefranc ...... IV .4 Under the Stukas' Shadow ...... •..• V.6 "Shakespeare. Studies in." Venus and Adonis ...... ••...... •.•..... Vl.2 by John Churton Collins ...... 11.9. V.7 VERE, DE-see also Oxford and Shakespeare. "Shakespeare, The Man Who Was," "Vere: Accepting Him as Author of Shake- by Eva Turner Clark 1.8 ...... speare, Edward de," by Alfred A. Furman.111.5

"Shakespeare Vario rum: The Poems," 1l 9;l8 I • V .5 "Vere as 'William Shakespeare,' The Life Story of Edward de," by Pen-y Allen, Shakespeare? Was Edward de Vere, 1.6. 11.6, 10. HI.11 by Esther Singleton ...... •.. IV. IO Vere's Life in Uncut Hamlet, De ...•...... 111.2 Shakespeare? Who Was, Reprint from "The Argonaut," of San Francisco ...... 111.4 Veteran Baconian Joins Fellowship ...... 111.6

"Shakespeare, William," by Georg Brandes ... V.5 Winter's Tale, The ....•...... Vl.4, 9, IO

Shakespearn's Birthday: The Calendar Ar~ues Youthful Minds Are Open, for Lo1d Oxford, by Eva Turner Clark .... 111.l by Louis P. Benezet .•..•...... •.•...... IA