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Vol. 1, No. 6 (1940, October-November)

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Vol. 1, No. 6 (1940, October-November) R Ll�fl/.flV UIJIVi'llS;!'f ur �;',\ c,µ1,;;;r•,._ New4-.feittn JUN 6 1945 The SHAKESPEARE FELLOWSHIP -AMERICAN BRANCH- VOL I OCTOBER.NOVEMBER, 1940 NO. 6 Arthur Golding: The Uncle of Edward de Vere, And the Intimate Part He Played in the Development of Shakespeare's Creative Geoios I 111W. tAere were more hia1Papltu• of /or«oU.,. p,oplt,, Euw ABD FlnGERAU>, tnmlalor of Omar Khayyam It seems slJ'ange that a writer who left the im• religious beliefs of many of the moet remarkable press of bis achievements eo indelibly upon the minds that England has produced. golden age of English literature 11!1 did Arthur Bornat the manor of Belehamp SL Paul's, north• Golding should have lacked a biography until the western Essex, in the year 1536, the eon of John present day. Golding. &quire. one of the auditors of the Court A debt of gratitude is due Louis Thorn Golding of Exchequer, Arthur Golding wasthe eixth child !. of Brookline, Mll!ll!ffllhusetts, for the industry and in a family of eleven. enthueill!ltrl that hllllat laet brought about puhlica• His mother, Unmla Manton Golding, was the lion of an adequate book on the foremost trans­ second wife of her husband and a lady of brains lator of the Shakespearean era. and character from whom the tranelator appears Under the quaint title of An Elizabelhan Pur­ to have inherited habits of industry and sobriety, itan.,'Mr. Golding has assembled many long-bidden u well as hill strongreligious conv:ietiona. Many will find it a surprising anomaly that the facta of bis distinguished ancestor'• career, The presentation is sound and scholarly, showing that man who first put the eensuous measures of Ovid's considerable pains have been taken in locating Melamorphoaea into English verse was aleo the original documentary sources, and the narrative indefatigable reproducer of John Calvin's grimly ia emoothly contrived throughout. interminable Sennoru. But the Elizabethan age has other example& to offer of such seemingly contra­ Like RobertGreene, Thomll!INash, Edward Fitz­ dictory personalities. That is perhape one reason gerald, George Borrow, Constable and Gainsbor­ why it is difficult at times for modem students to ough, and many Mother poe4 dramatist and painter I. get a true penpective on the human elements in­ i who has played an impo,tant part in the develop­ volved in the Bowering of the English Renaissance. ment of English art, Arthur Golding Wll!I born in John Golding died in 1547, leaving his princi­ Ea.st Anglia, the south-eastern country which is, pal estates to his eldest BOD Thomas. But the rest quite appropriately enough, the fi.ret corner of of the family must have been well provided for, Britain to greet the morning sun. Not least among as an elder daughter Margery married John de the ancients of this group, Golding can be ac• Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, on the 51h of August corded unique honours for his pioneering spirit . in the year following.. And in 1552, at the age of and the fact that his many important translations 16, Arthur Golding w� ente� as a "fellow com• helped mould the thoughts, arl:iritic deetiniea and moner'' or privileged student al Jesus College, 1 Caruhridge. He appears to have left without tak­ An EUzabethan Puritan, by Louis Th�m Golding. Richard R. Smith, New York. '3.50. ing a degree eome time after Mary Tudor came 2 NEW S-LETTER to the throne, the inference being that state pres• and his parting tribute (in The Tempest) sure exerted upon Cambridge teachers at this un• proves the permanence of his early impres­ happy period for their addiction to the princi­ sions, in spite of his widened interests." ples of the Protestant Reformation made college There is nothing to prove that Golding and the life too uncertain for students of the same faith. citizen of Stratford-on-Avon ever met, but one of But Arthur Golding was a born scholar with an the first things to arouse wide-spread interest in unusual aptitude for foreign tongues and his lack' the Oxford-Shakespearecase has been the fact that of a college degree proved no bar to his mastery Arthur Golding was not only the wicle of Edward of claasic Latin and contemporary French. de Vere but his companion and adviser for some The marriage of his half-sister Margery to the time after the twelve year old peer lost his father genial Earl John of Oxford also opened many and, as a Royal Ward, took up his residence in great door& to him, as the Veres of Hedingham the household of Sir William Cecil. During this Castle represented what Macaulay designates as period Golding worked upon his translations of the "longest and most illustrious line of nobles the Latin poet, which were printed in 1564 and at England hasseen." John of Oxford unques• 1!1 1567 with dedications to Robert,Earl of Leicester. tionably encouraged the young man in his studies, The 17thEarl of Oxford is definitely known for later in life Golding dedicated the translation to have beenan accomplished Latin scholar as well of one of his Latin histories to Edward de Vere, as a poet of marked ability. Gabriel Harvey hears the 16th Earl of Oxford's heir, with the statement witness to this. So does Angel Day, in the 1586 that he had originally intended it for the senior dedication of his Englilh Secretarie to the noble­ nobleman "to whom I had long before vowed this man ''whose infancy from the beginning was ever my travail." sacred to the Muses." In the same year of 1586 Like nearly every other forerunner who has tried WilliamWebbe's Discourse of English Poetry de­ to scale the heights with a pen for an alpenstock clared that "in the rare devices of poetry" . Arthur Golding had plenty of trouble. Money and "the right honourable Earl of Oxford may chal­ property ran through his fingers like quickailver. lenge to himseH the title of the most exeellent During his latter years the bailiffs· pursued him among the rest."The anonymous author of TIM! with malignant persiatency and on various and Arte of English Poesie in 1589 also placed "thet sundry OCClllliona he was forced to study the prob­ )Jobie gentlemanEdward Earl of Oxford" • . lem of supporting a growing family from behind "lirst" • • . among all the poets "of Her Ma• tors' prison. His end in May, the bars of a wiJ:i jesty'a own servants who have written excellently 1606, old. broken m health, debt-ridden to thelast, well 88 it would appear if their doings could he ill too aad to dwell upon. found out and made public with the rest." Final­ W IUI ..\rthur Golding Really ly the greatEdmund Spenser himself, who was pot given to idle flattery, addressed a dedicatory 'Sbakeepeare's" Tutor? Sonnet to the Earl in the opening pages of the To those readers who are interested in the new 1590 edition of The Faerie Queene. He referred theory, now taking root in various parts of the to Oxford's aflinity to the Muses 88 Engliah-apeaking world. that the greatest literary figure the racehas yetproduced w1111 really Arthur " •.• the love which thou doest beare Golding's nephew,Edward de Vere, who wrote To th' Helioonian imps, and they to thee; under the nom de plume of "William Shakes­ They unto thee,and thou to them,moat deare." peare.." An Eli:mbe'1um Puril.aA willprovide valu­ These references to creative gifts are too cate­ uble corroborative evidence. gorical to he ignored. They must mean thet Ed­ All commentators on Shakespeare's literary ward de Vere had done outstanding work which background are agreedthat J'en,u and ,l,donu and is either lost or hu not come down to 1111 wider many passing allusions in the plays trace directly his own name. to Golding'• publieations of Ovid. Speaking of the Metamorplw,u, Lee says: Keys to the mystery will be found in the per­ Sir Sidney sonal connection that existed between Lord Ox­ "Golding'• mideriugof Ovid bad been one ford and Arthur Golding, on the one band. and of Shakeapeare'• heat-loved boob in youth, the clear-cut reflection of Golding', own person• " OcT.-Nov., 1940 7 Arthur Golding: The Uncle of a tribute from the drama-loving monarch of Edin­ Edward De Vere burgh. Neither is there any evidence to show that Edward de Vere had achieved notable success in (Continued from page 5) any fields otherthan poetry,music and playwrit• otherwise a11 sharp-sighted ae Linceus or Ar· ing when Jamee arrived In England. gus, and had all the sciences, arts, cunning, eloquence, and wisdom of the world. An Amazing "Coineidenee.. For many generations writers on the Elizabeth­ The P,alm& oJ DatJul which Arthur Golding so an period who did not bother lo look closely into hopefully dedicated to his twenty-one year old the matter have held the opinion that this good nephew may have helped Lord Oxford through advice of Arthur Golding was thrown away on some of the crieea of his chequered career. At least we have the comment of Sir George Bue, Edward Earl of Oxford, and that the talented but the eccentric young nobleman degenerated into a who served for many years in the o8i.ce of quarrelsome wlllltrel, a treasonable tum-coat in }faster of the Revels and licensed several of the Shakespearean plays for production, that religion, in brief, a flighty nonenity who was chiefly distinguiahedfor his monumental debts and .•• certaynly the erl was a magnificent and bis ditJereneea with Sir Philip Sidney.
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