The Erosion of the Democratic Ideal
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The United States' Janus-Faced Approach to Operation Condor: Implications for the Southern Cone in 1976
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Supervised Undergraduate Student Research Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects and Creative Work Spring 5-2008 The United States' Janus-Faced Approach to Operation Condor: Implications for the Southern Cone in 1976 Emily R. Steffan University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj Recommended Citation Steffan, Emily R., "The United States' Janus-Faced Approach to Operation Condor: Implications for the Southern Cone in 1976" (2008). Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_chanhonoproj/1235 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Supervised Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Work at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Emily Steffan The United States' Janus-Faced Approach To Operation Condor: Implications For The Southern Cone in 1976 Emily Steffan Honors Senior Project 5 May 2008 1 Martin Almada, a prominent educator and outspoken critic of the repressive regime of President Alfredo Stroessner in Paraguay, was arrested at his home in 1974 by the Paraguayan secret police and disappeared for the next three years. He was charged with being a "terrorist" and a communist sympathizer and was brutally tortured and imprisoned in a concentration camp.l During one of his most brutal torture sessions, his torturers telephoned his 33-year-old wife and made her listen to her husband's agonizing screams. -
Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile a Dissertation Presented to the Faculty Of
Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brad T. Eidahl December 2017 © 2017 Brad T. Eidahl. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile by BRAD T. EIDAHL has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick M. Barr-Melej Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT EIDAHL, BRAD T., Ph.D., December 2017, History Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile Director of Dissertation: Patrick M. Barr-Melej This dissertation examines the struggle between Chile’s opposition press and the dictatorial regime of Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-1990). It argues that due to Chile’s tradition of a pluralistic press and other factors, and in bids to strengthen the regime’s legitimacy, Pinochet and his top officials periodically demonstrated considerable flexibility in terms of the opposition media’s ability to publish and distribute its products. However, the regime, when sensing that its grip on power was slipping, reverted to repressive measures in its dealings with opposition-media outlets. Meanwhile, opposition journalists challenged the very legitimacy Pinochet sought and further widened the scope of acceptable opposition under difficult circumstances. Ultimately, such resistance contributed to Pinochet’s defeat in the 1988 plebiscite, initiating the return of democracy. -
Operation Condor the U.S
Bachelor thesis Operation condor The U.S. involvement - A rational strategy or a political powerplay? Writer: Amanda Hedman Supervisor: Martin Nilsson Examinator: Emil Uddhammar Date: Fall 2018 Political Science: 2SK30E Abstract During 1975-1989 a transnational state-terror operation was carried out by several South American states called Operation Condor. Declassified documents show that the U.S. government assisted the operation with communication and intelligence techniques. This case-study is with a theory consuming method aiming to analyze the internal decision process within the U.S. government to assist Condor. The analysis is based on two theoretical frameworks by Allison Graham, the “Rational Actor” and “Governmental Politics”. By studying the cold war doctrine, the objectives of the U.S. and the political actors behind the assessment the aim is to understand the structures that shaped the final decision. The conclusion shows that the Cold War, political crises and power relations between politicians played a major role in the internal decision process. Key words: Operation Condor, National Security, Latin America, USA, Foreign Policy 2 Table of Content 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 ScientiFic problem and relevance ................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Purpose and question Formulation ................................................................................................ -
The Voices of the Disappeared: Politicide in Argentina and Chile
THE VOICES OF THE DISAPPEARED: POLITICIDE IN ARGENTINA AND CHILE A thesis submitted to the Kent State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for University Honors by Evin Hessel December, 2019 i ii ii Thesis written by Evin Hessel Approved by _____________________________________________________________________, Advisor ________________________________________, Chair, Department of Anthropology Accepted by ___________________________________________________, Dean, Honors College ii iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………...…….....iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………………….vi CHAPTERS I. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………...………1 i. Chile……………………………………………………...………..2 ii. Argentina…………………………………………………………..6 iii. Genocide or Politicide?..................................................................10 iv. Morality…………………………………………………………..12 II. THE ABDUCTED………………………………………………………….…....16 i. Secret Detention Centers……………………..…………….…….19 III. TORTURE……………………………………………………………………….24 i. Medical Involvement…………………………………………….28 ii. Anti-Semitism…………………………………………...……….30 IV. EXECUTION ……………………………………………………………………32 V. DISPOSAL………………………………………………………………………39 i. Mass Graves……………………………………………………...41 ii. Death Flights……………………………………………………..44 iii. Other Methods…………………………………………...………45 VI. THE AFTERMATH……………………………………………………………..48 i. The Fall of Pinochet……………………………………………..48 ii. Videla Steps Down………………………………………………51 iii. Excavations………………………………………………………53 VII. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..56 i. Politicide -
HistoricalOrganizationOf AmericanStates
Historical Organization of American States Operation Condor Chairs: Cameron Krause, Grace Herdelin Hey everybody! My name’s Cameron and I will be one of your chairs at this year’s SJMUN conference! First I’d like to tell you all a little bit about myself. I graduated from Eastern High School in 2016 and am currently studying at Rutgers University with an intent to major in Accounting and Finance. I participated in Model UN each year in high school, an experience that culminated in my promotion to Secretary General of SJMUN 2015. At Rutgers, I am a staff member of the Institute for Domestic and International Affairs, the organization that works with Rutgers Model UN to run three conferences per year; this year, I am the director of SPECPOL at RUMUN 2017. This committee’s topic is extremely controversial in the morality behind such actions by both the U.S. government and the South American leaders. Nevertheless, I expect each and every one of you to really take on your role as a member of this historical event and to find solutions that will further your goals. Good luck everyone and I will see you at the conference! Hi, everyone! My name is Grace Herdelin and I am a freshman at Rutgers University New Brunswick in the School of Arts and Sciences Honors Program. I am majoring in Chemistry and am thinking of minoring in Anthropology or Mathematics. I am a member of the Conference Simulation Services team for RUMUN 2017 and intend to staff Rutgers Model Congress and Philadelphia Model United Nations, all organized by the Institute for Domestic and International Affairs. -
Strange Bedfellows at the End of the Cold War: the Letelier Assassination, Human Rights, and State Sovereignty.”
H-Diplo H-Diplo Article Review 893 on “Strange Bedfellows at the End of the Cold War: the Letelier Assassination, Human Rights, and State Sovereignty.” Discussion published by George Fujii on Tuesday, October 29, 2019 H-Diplo Article Review No. 893 29 October 2019 Article Review Editors: Diane Labrosse and Seth Offenbach Production Editor: George Fujii Alan McPherson. “Strange Bedfellows at the End of the Cold War: the Letelier Assassination, Human Rights, and State Sovereignty.” Cold War History (1 April 2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2019.1583212. URL: https://hdiplo.org/to/AR893 Review by Stephen G. Rabe, University of Oregon Over the past two decades, Alan McPherson, the Thomas J. Freaney, Jr. Professor of History at Temple University, has established himself as a preeminent scholar of inter-American relations. He has written or edited eleven books in the field. His most notable achievement has been his award- winning study, The Invaded: How Latin Americans and their Allies Fought and Ended U.S. Occupations (2014).[1] McPherson, who is fluent in Spanish and French, conducted multi-archival research in the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States and read a variety of Latin American newspapers, including those from Haiti. His forthcoming book is Ghosts of Sheridan Circle: How a Washington Assassination Brought Pinochet’s Terror State to Justice, which will be published by the University of North Carolina Press. The article under review here explores themes that are fully developed in the book. As in McPherson’s previous articles and books, this article demonstrates the author’s command of the published scholarly literature and his willingness to conduct multi-archival research. -
Counter-Terrorism Reference Curriculum
COUNTER-TERRORISM REFERENCE CURRICULUM CTRC Academic Project Leads & Editors Dr. Sajjan M. Gohel, International Security Director Asia Pacific Foundation Visiting Teacher, London School of Economics & Political Science [email protected] & [email protected] Dr. Peter Forster, Associate Professor Penn State University [email protected] PfPC Reference Curriculum Lead Editors: Dr. David C. Emelifeonwu Senior Staff Officer, Educational Engagements Canadian Defence Academy Associate Professor Royal Military College of Canada Department of National Defence [email protected] Dr. Gary Rauchfuss Director, Records Management Training Program National Archives and Records Administration [email protected] Layout Coordinator / Distribution: Gabriella Lurwig-Gendarme NATO International Staff [email protected] Graphics & Printing — ISBN XXXX 2010-19 NATO COUNTER-TERRORISM REFERENCE CURRICULUM Published May 2020 2 FOREWORD “With guns you can kill terrorists, with education you can kill terrorism.” — Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani activist for female education and Nobel Prize laureate NATO’s counter-terrorism efforts have been at the forefront of three consecutive NATO Summits, including the recent 2019 Leaders’ Meeting in London, with the clear political imperative for the Alliance to address a persistent global threat that knows no border, nationality or religion. NATO’s determination and solidarity in fighting the evolving challenge posed by terrorism has constantly increased since the Alliance invoked its collective defence clause for the first time in response to the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States of America. NATO has gained much experience in countering terrorism from its missions and operations. However, NATO cannot defeat terrorism on its own. Fortunately, we do not stand alone. -
2015 Knowledge Commons Summit
2015 Knowledge Commons Summit Hosted by IRSC Center for Media and Journalism Studies Small Business Development Center Center for Civic Engagement Wednesday, October 14 - Friday, October 16 THE KNOWLEDGE COMMONS SUMMIT AT INDIAN RIVER STATE COLLEGE The Knowledge Commons: The idea of the Knowledge Commons is linked to some straightforward and well-recognized principles related to the health of both communities and democracy. For a community to be anything more than a disparate collection of individuals, there must be a shared set of values, truths, and interests that unites it. These elements are reflected in a sense of common identity, and they are supported by and reflected in the stories that bind people together – stories of origins, of the community’s place and importance in history, and so on. Without this foundation, communities devolve into conflicts of competing interests and ideologies, a condition that makes representative government deeply problematic. This common ground is what is meant by the term “Knowledge Commons.” The Tragedy of the Knowledge Commons: As a result of the rise of consumerism, the emergence of mass media, and the ubiquity of the Internet, the Knowledge Commons is becoming increasingly fragmented and the conditions for healthy communities are being eroded. The “tragic” element of this decline stems from the fact that the Knowledge Commons supports the very technological and social progress that could lead to its eventual decline. Yet unlike the traditional sense of the ‘tragic,’ this decline is not inevitable: Education is the key, but a form of education that extends the classroom to the public sphere and makes civic engagement and social responsibility the focus of academic life. -
Noticias 03 Rev
NOTICIAS LATIN AMERICAN PROGRAM NEWSLETTER FALL 2003 Brazil-U.S. Relations n June 4, 2003, Brazil @ The Wilson Diplomatic Relations in Regional and Center, in conjunction with the International Contexts.” OBrazilian Embassy in Washington and An opening panel discussed U.S.-Brazil the Brazil Information Center, hosted an all day relations in historical perspective, focusing on seminar on “Brazil and the United States in a major developmental influences within the Changing World: Political, Economic, and context of long-term socio-historical change. Noting past encounters with state nationalism, former U.S. ambassador to Brazil and Brookings Institution scholar Lincoln Gordon warned of the hazards of what he called “unhealthy and negative nationalism” in Brazil. Despite publicized fears of anti-U.S. sentiment in Brazil, however, he argued that current bilateral relations are quite healthy. Moreover, he indicated that bilateral trade dis- putes, which have characterized relations in recent months, are indicative of a healthy bilateral relationship insomuch as they are out- growths of democratic state discourse in a globalized age. Presenting an alternative view, Paulo Roberto de Almeida of the Brazilian Fernando Furlan, Minister of Development Embassy detailed the development of today’s Brazil-U.S. Relations 1-3 Argentina @ the Wilson Center 17-20 Democratic Security in Colombia 3-4 Political Crisis and the Threat to Democratic Governance 20-21 Argentina-United States Bilateral Relations: An Historical 4-6 Brazilian Environmental Policy -
The Development of Human Rights Investigations Since 1945
Forensic Anthropology The development of human rights investigations since 1945 R Ferllini Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London CWIH OPY, United Kingdom Introduction dictatorship between 1973 and 1990 [8]. Nearly 3,000 politically Throughout history, humanity has witnessed atrocities persecuted Argentinians succumbed during the "dirty war" from committed against individuals or populations, principally as a 1976 to 1978, while in Guatemala during the 1980s, the Mayan result of political, cultural or racial issues. During the twentieth population was persecuted resulting in the deaths of thousands of century, millions of innocent lives were lost as the result of such individuals, while others have been removed from their events as the Holocaust and the Cambodian "killing fields" [1,2]. properties or have simply "disappeared" [l, 81. The conflict in the Balkans during the 1990s claimed the lives of thousands of It is during this period of history that the international Muslims and other groups within the former Yugoslavia (Figure community evolved processes of instituting justice by the means 2). Finally, the genocide carried out against the Tutsi population of proposing and ratifying legal proceedings and institutions in Rwanda from April to June of 1994 is widely considered to where they could be reasonably applied. The road towards have had a greater intensity than any other act perpetrated in establishing an International Criminal Court has not been a recent times, simply due to the immense volume of lives that smooth one, but in the context of the twenty-first century it has were extinguished in such a relatively short period of time [7,9]. -
US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 3-2012 US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations Rachael S. Murdock DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Murdock, Rachael S., "US Foreign Policy During the Nixon and Ford Administrations" (2012). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 115. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/115 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. US FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CHILE DURING THE NIXON AND FORD ADMINISTRATIONS A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts March 2012 BY Rachael Murdock Department of International Studies College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences DePaul University Chicago, IL i DEDICATION To my family, whose encouragement and support were essential to the completion of this project. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A very hearty thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. Rose Spalding, Professor of Political Science at DePaul University. Her patience, guidance, encouragement, insight as she mentored me through the thesis process were indispensible. Great thanks also to Dr. Patrick Callahan, Professor of Political Science at DePaul. He provided vital insight and guidance in developing Chapter Two of this thesis and offered excellent input on later drafts of both Chapters One and Two. -
Operation Condor As an International System of State Violence and Terror: a Historical- Structural Analysis
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2019-07 The Politics of Violence in Latin America University of Calgary Press Policzer, P. (Ed.). (2019). The politics of violence in Latin America. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110583 book https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca THE POLITICS OF VIOLENCE IN LATIN AMERICA Edited by Pablo Policzer ISBN 978-1-55238-907-2 The Politics of Violence in Latin America THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] EDITED BY Pablo Policzer Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This open-access work is published under a Creative Commons licence.