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Kings of War Historical Ancient Combat Viking Age!
An Hour of Wolves and Shattered Shields – www.HourOfWolves.org Kings of War Historical Ancient Combat Viking Age! This Supplement is not published by Mantic Games. Kings of War and all associated logos are property of Mantic Games and are used without permission. No challenge to Mantic’s intellectual property is intended. This set of rules was made possible thanks to Mantic Games and their excellent Kings of War 2nd edition rule set. To use this supplement, you must have a copy of the Kings of War rule set, which is available from the Mantic Games website. http://www.manticgames.com Written by Neldoreth of An Hour or Wolves and Shattered Shields http://www.hourofwolves.org Contributors include Stephen Patten of the Warhammer Ancient Battles Shieldwall supplement fame, among others. Thanks to everyone for their input. Last Updated: February 2016 Update Notes: Updated for Kings of War 2nd Edition 1 An Hour of Wolves and Shattered Shields – www.HourOfWolves.org Table of Contents BINTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 3 THE ARMIES ............................................................................................................................................... 3 UNITS AND UNIT BASE SIZES ............................................................................................................... 3 SPECIAL RULES ........................................................................................................................................ -
Wessex and the Reign of Edmund Ii Ironside
Chapter 16 Wessex and the Reign of Edmund ii Ironside David McDermott Edmund Ironside, the eldest surviving son of Æthelred ii (‘the Unready’), is an often overlooked political figure. This results primarily from the brevity of his reign, which lasted approximately seven months, from 23 April to 30 November 1016. It could also be said that Edmund’s legacy compares unfavourably with those of his forebears. Unlike other Anglo-Saxon Kings of England whose lon- ger reigns and periods of uninterrupted peace gave them opportunities to leg- islate, renovate the currency or reform the Church, Edmund’s brief rule was dominated by the need to quell initial domestic opposition to his rule, and prevent a determined foreign adversary seizing the throne. Edmund conduct- ed his kingship under demanding circumstances and for his resolute, indefati- gable and mostly successful resistance to Cnut, his career deserves to be dis- cussed and his successes acknowledged. Before discussing the importance of Wessex for Edmund Ironside, it is con- structive, at this stage, to clarify what is meant by ‘Wessex’. It is also fitting to use the definition of the region provided by Barbara Yorke. The core shires of Wessex may be reliably regarded as Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Berk- shire and Hampshire (including the Isle of Wight).1 Following the victory of the West Saxon King Ecgbert at the battle of Ellendun (Wroughton, Wilts.) in 835, the borders of Wessex expanded, with the counties of Kent, Sussex, Surrey and Essex passing from Mercian to West Saxon control.2 Wessex was not the only region with which Edmund was associated, and nor was he the only king from the royal House of Wessex with connections to other regions. -
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxons Britain looked very different when the Anglo-Saxons came to our shores over 1600 years ago! Much of the country was covered in oak forests and many of the population lived in the countryside where they made a living from farming. Use the links below to find out more about this era in Britain’s history. Who were the Anglo-Saxons? Why and when did they come to Britain? https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zxsbcdm/arti cles/zq2m6sg https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zxsbcdm/a rticles/z23br82 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/l anguage_timeline/index_embed.shtml Use this link to look at some of the different groups / tribes who were https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/history/gen eral-history/anglo-saxons/ fighting and living in Britain during the AD 400s and why they came to Britain. The Anglo-Saxons were a mix of tribes from areas of Europe that settled in Where did Anglo-Saxons live? What Britain from around AD 410 to 1066. were their settlements like? http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/saxons/se ttle.htm What did Anglo-Saxon life look like? Who was in charge? https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/znjqxnb https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zxsbcdm/arti We have set you some activities on cles/zqrc9j6 Purple Mash which may also help you Use the interactive image to find out build a picture in your head about about the different roles people had in what Anglo-Saxon Britain looked like. Anglo-Saxon society including the king, thegn (sometimes spelt ‘thane’), ceorl Sutton Hoo Burial Artefacts (pronounced ‘churl’) and slaves. -
Hunting and Social Change in Late Saxon England
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2016 Butchered Bones, Carved Stones: Hunting and Social Change in Late Saxon England Shawn Hale Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in History at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Hale, Shawn, "Butchered Bones, Carved Stones: Hunting and Social Change in Late Saxon England" (2016). Masters Theses. 2418. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2418 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Graduate School� EASTERNILLINOIS UNIVERSITY " Thesis Maintenance and Reproduction Certificate FOR: Graduate Candidates Completing Theses in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree Graduate Faculty Advisors Directing the Theses RE: Preservation, Reproduction, and Distribution of Thesis Research Preserving, reproducing, and distributing thesis research is an important part of Booth Library's responsibility to provide access to scholarship. In order to further this goal, Booth Library makes all graduate theses completed as part of a degree program at Eastern Illinois University available for personal study, research, and other not-for-profit educational purposes. Under 17 U.S.C. § 108, the library may reproduce and distribute a copy without infringing on copyright; however, professional courtesy dictates that permission be requested from the author before doing so. Your signatures affirm the following: • The graduate candidate is the author of this thesis. • The graduate candidate retains the copyright and intellectual property rights associated with the original research, creative activity, and intellectual or artistic content of the thesis. -
Anglo Saxon and Norman England Booklet— 1.1 Anglo-Saxon Society Anglo-Saxon Society 1.1
Anglo Saxon and Norman England Booklet— 1.1 Anglo-Saxon Society Anglo-Saxon Society 1.1 Social System: Peasant Farmers Majority of Anglo-Saxons were peasant farmers. Peasants did a set amount of work for the local lord as well as work- ing the land to support themselves and their family. If they did not work for the lord the lord could take away their land. ‘Ceorls’ peasants were free to go work for another lord if they wanted to. Slaves 10% of Anglo-Saxons were slaves. Slaves could be bought and sold, and treated more like property than people. The Normans thought that owning slaves was barbaric, but it was a normal part of Anglo-Saxon life. Thegns Thegns were local lords, there were between 4,000 and 5000 Thegns. Thegns was an important man in the local community and lived in a manor house with a separate church. Task Colour in the pie chart to represent the so- cial structure of Anglo-Saxon England. Earls Earls were the most important men after the king. The relation- ship between the king and his earls was based on loyalty. The king trusted the earl more he would give him greater re- wards. However, sometimes the earls challenged the king to get more power. The Power of the English Monarchy The king’s role was to protect his people from attack and give them laws to maintain safety and security at home. In return, the people of England owed him service. Every boy swore an oath when he reached the age of 12 to be faithful to the king. -
Military Technology in the 12Th Century
Zurich Model United Nations MILITARY TECHNOLOGY IN THE 12TH CENTURY The following list is a compilation of various sources and is meant as a refer- ence guide. It does not need to be read entirely before the conference. The breakdown of centralized states after the fall of the Roman empire led a number of groups in Europe turning to large-scale pillaging as their primary source of income. Most notably the Vikings and Mongols. As these groups were usually small and needed to move fast, building fortifications was the most efficient way to provide refuge and protection. Leading to virtually all large cities having city walls. The fortifications evolved over the course of the middle ages and with it, the battle techniques and technology used to defend or siege heavy forts and castles. Designers of castles focused a lot on defending entrances and protecting gates with drawbridges, portcullises and barbicans as these were the usual week spots. A detailed ref- erence guide of various technologies and strategies is compiled on the following pages. Dur- ing the third crusade and before the invention of gunpowder the advantages and the balance of power and logistics usually favoured the defender. Another major advancement and change since the Roman empire was the invention of the stirrup around 600 A.D. (although wide use is only mentioned around 900 A.D.). The stirrup enabled armoured knights to ride war horses, creating a nearly unstoppable heavy cavalry for peasant draftees and lightly armoured foot soldiers. With the increased usage of heavy cav- alry, pike infantry became essential to the medieval army. -
Old English Ecologies: Environmental Readings of Anglo-Saxon Texts and Culture
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 12-2013 Old English Ecologies: Environmental Readings of Anglo-Saxon Texts and Culture Ilse Schweitzer VanDonkelaar Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation VanDonkelaar, Ilse Schweitzer, "Old English Ecologies: Environmental Readings of Anglo-Saxon Texts and Culture" (2013). Dissertations. 216. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/216 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OLD ENGLISH ECOLOGIES: ENVIRONMENTAL READINGS OF ANGLO-SAXON TEXTS AND CULTURE by Ilse Schweitzer VanDonkelaar A dissertation submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English Western Michigan University December 2013 Doctoral Committee: Jana K. Schulman, Ph.D., Chair Eve Salisbury, Ph.D. Richard Utz, Ph.D. Sarah Hill, Ph.D. OLD ENGLISH ECOLOGIES: ENVIRONMENTAL READINGS OF ANGLO-SAXON TEXTS AND CULTURE Ilse Schweitzer VanDonkelaar, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2013 Conventionally, scholars have viewed representations of the natural world in Anglo-Saxon (Old English) literature as peripheral, static, or largely symbolic: a “backdrop” before which the events of human and divine history unfold. In “Old English Ecologies,” I apply the relatively new critical perspectives of ecocriticism and place- based study to the Anglo-Saxon canon to reveal the depth and changeability in these literary landscapes. -
The Relationship Between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-C.879)
Penn History Review Volume 26 Issue 2 Article 2 February 2020 The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879) Brent Weisberg University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr Recommended Citation Weisberg, Brent (2020) "The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879)," Penn History Review: Vol. 26 : Iss. 2 , Article 2. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol26/iss2/2 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol26/iss2/2 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879) Brent Weisberg, University of Pennsylvania Introduction Studying King Ceolwulf II of Mercia presents one with a situation not unlike the one former US Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld’s described concerning American intelligence work in Iraq in 2002: "there are known knowns… there are known unknowns… but there are also unknown unknowns."1 The "known knowns" of Ceolwulf’s reign are few and far between. All we have to bear witness to the life and legacy of Ceolwulf, the last independent ruler of Mercia, are two charters of his, a few mentions in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as well as two of its likely derivatives, and several dozen coins.2 The few coins we have, particularly examples of Two Emperors type coins from the recent Watlington hoard find, provide material evidence of Ceolwulf’s reign that may be used to corroborate or contravene literary evidence.3 I shall seek to elucidate the history of Ceolwulf that I discern to be most plausible through the lens of his relationships with King Alfred of Wessex and the Vikings. -
Anglo – Saxon Society
ABSTRACT This booklet will enable you to revise the key aspects of Paper 2 Anglo – Saxon England, some of which you may remember from year 9. After you have completed this booklet, there will be some more to revise Anglo – Saxon England before we move onto Norman England from 1066. Ms Marsh ANGLO – SAXON SOCIETY GCSE History Paper 2 How did Anglo – Saxon kings demonstrate their power? L.O: Explain key features of Anglo – Saxon kings 1. Which last Anglo – Saxon king ruled between 1042 - 1066? 2. Which people were the biggest threat to the Anglo – Saxons? 3. Who was at the top of Anglo – Saxon society? (Answers at the end of the booklet) Recap! The social hierarchy of Anglo – Saxon England meant that there were clear roles for everyone in society. The hierarchy was based on servitude – this meant that everyone had to do some sort of role to support the country. The king was the ultimate source of authority. This meant that all his decisions were final, partly due to the belief that God had chosen the king so any challenge to the king would be seen as a challenge to God. We call this belief anointed by God. Even though there were earldoms that were extremely powerful (see map below), most earls relied on the king to grant them their power and then maintain this power. Ultimately, the king could reduce the power of his earls or completely remove them. Edward the Confessor tried to do this in 1051, when he felt Earl Godwin had become too powerful – even though it ultimately failed, as Earl Godwin was allowed to regain his earldom, it demonstrates to us the huge power of the king. -
VNA Village Guide Download
VIKINGS NORTH AMERICA Authenticity and Village Guide Book Table of Contents Purpose and Scope…………………….…..4 Spangenhelms……………...…………….17 How to Use This Guide…………………....4 Body Armor…………………………...…18 Authenticity Chain of Command………….5 Chainmail………………………………...18 Village Display Chain of Command………7 Other Styles of Armor…………………....18 Society Authenticity Guidelines…..……11 Shields………………………………...….19 Clothing………………………………….12 Padded Gloves and Other Modern Protective Equipment……………………………..…19 Leather…………………………………...13 Village Authenticity……………………...19 Shoes……………………………………..13 Tents……………………………………...19 Belts……………………………………...13 Furniture……………………………….…20 Pouches…………………………………..14 Beds……………………………………....20 Accessories and Embellishments……..…14 Seating and Tables……………………....20 Other Personal Authenticity Points……....14 Chests…………………………………….20 Weapons………………………………….14 Other Storage Vessels…………………....21 Swords…………………………………...15 Cooking and Eating Equipment………….21 Axes……………………………………...15 Tools and Safety Equipment……………..22 Spears and Javelins……………………....15 Period Food………………………………23 Seaxes and Knives…………………….…15 Village Rules & Health and Safety Bows and Arrows……………………...…16 Rules……………………………………..24 Other Weapons…………………….….…16 Village Rules, General…………………...25 Armor…………………………………….16 Children………………………………..…26 Helmets…………………………………..17 Animals………………………………..…27 Leather and Steel Skull Caps…………….17 Vendors and Moneyers………………..…27 2 First Aid………………………………….27 Appendixes…………………………….53 Casting and Smithing…………………….27 Health and Safety Rules………………….27 Fire Precautions….....................................28 -
Viking Warlord Free Viking War Banner Free Viking Hearthguard 4 Models Per 1 Pt
WARLORD WAR BANNER HIRDMEN Painter : Hirchel Hill Hirchel : Painter Painter : Hirchel Hill Hirchel : Painter Painter : Cantos Caston Cantos : Painter Viking Warlord Free Viking War Banner Free Viking Hearthguard 4 models per 1 pt Armour: 5 (6 v Shooting) Melee Dice: 5 Banner: During deployment, any standard faction unit (not Armour: 5 Melee Dice: 2 ea. Move: M (6") Fatigue Limit: 4 Saga Dice: 2 V.P: 3 "For-Hire") of at least six Heathguards or ten Warriors may Move: M (6") Fatigue Limit: 4 Saga Dice: 1 V.P: 1 ea. Determination: Activate once per turn for free. upgrade one model to a War Banner. The Banner unit may Viking Hearthguard are drawn from the Hird. Hirdmen were We Obey: Simultaneously move a friendly unit within S (4"). activate to "Rally," which may be resolved any time in the the armed companions in the Viking Lord's household and can Side by Side: Engage simultaneously using We Obey. turn, any number of times, and removes a fatigue. But after a be considered among the finest professional soldiers of the day. Pride: When moving must engage enemy Warlord if able. "Rally" the unit may not activate that turn for Movement or Resilience: Cancel first hit in each phase. Non-Levies within Shooting. Also, any Banner unit not activated that turn may VS (2") may sacrifice themselves to cancel a hit. remove a Fatigue for free. The Banner model does not generate any attack dice, and if the only model left in the unit it is removed and counts as killed. 5* 5 - 0 5 2 *6 v Shooting BERSERKERS BONDI THRALLS (BOWS) Painter : Hirchel Hill Hirchel : Painter Painter : Hirchel Hill Hirchel : Painter Hill Hirchel : Painter Viking Hearthguard 4 models per 1 pt Viking Warriors 8 models per 1 pt Viking Levy 12 models per 1 pt Armour: 3 Melee Dice: 4 ea. -
The Anglo-Saxon and Norman "Eigenkirche" and the Ecclesiastical Policy of William I
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1981 The Anglo-Saxon and Norman "Eigenkirche" and the Ecclesiastical Policy of William I. Albert Simeon Cote Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Cote, Albert Simeon Jr, "The Anglo-Saxon and Norman "Eigenkirche" and the Ecclesiastical Policy of William I." (1981). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3675. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3675 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy.