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[)Ie Val Va~ ()Retoria Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 5, Nr 3, 1975. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za [)IE VAL VA~ ()RETORIA Op 9 ,Oktober 1899 het die Suid-Afrikaanse opgerig terwyl 'n Franse maatskappy, Le Republiek, bygestaan deur die susterrepu- Creusot, fort Wesfort (op Daspoartrand) op- bliek, die Oranje-Vrystaat, 'n ultimatum aan gerig het. Bergkanonne en ander grofgeskut die Britse Regering versend wat uitgeloop is bestel vir die forte maar almal was nie voor het op die Tweede Anglo-Boereoorlog. In die uitbreek van die oorlog afgelewer nie. diedaaropvolgende oorlog het die republieke Die doeltreffende funksionering van die forte in die eerste maande heldhaftig hul grense is verhoog deurdat 'n telegraafnetwerk be- verdedig totdat lord Roberts met 'n sterk hoorlike kommunikasiefasiliteite vir die be- troepemag daaringeslaag het om die B'oere- manning verseker het.1 magte te ontsetel uit 'hulle stellings en gaan- In sommige kringe is die groat koste veroan- deweg daarin geslaag het om vanuit die de aan die oprigting van die forte heftig ge- Kaapkolonie noordwaarts op te ruk deur die kritiseer maar toe die oorlog uitbreek, was dit Vrystaat. Bloemfontein het op 13 Maart 1900 die atgemene gevoel onder die burgers dat geval en op 24 Mei het lord Roberts aan Jie daar veiligheid en sekuriteit gewaarborg was Vaalrivier gestaan waar hy by wyse van pro- in die sterk gefortifiseerde Pretoria. Wat lord klamasie die Oranje-Vrystaat geannekseer het Roberts en die meeste burgers in die veld in die naam van Haar Majesteit, koningin Vic- egter nie geweet het nie, is dat met die ver- toria van Engeland. Die spoed waarmee lord loop van die oorlog mettertyd grofgeskut so- Roberts opgeruk het eersna die Bloemfon- wei as bemanning uitdie forte onttrek is 50- teinse en daarna na die Transvaalse hoof- dat die vestingwerke teen dieeinde van Mei stede, het die Boeremagte onkant gevang. 1900 in'derdaad skadeloos was. Terwyl die Binne enkele maande moes hulle telkens van burgers dus die vyand tydens sy opmars na een stelling na die valgen'de terugval terwyl Johannesburg orals voorgele het en sy voor- ruim 4000 burgers uit hul skrale geledere ge- uitgang so ver moontlik vertraag het, het hulle vange geneem is met die slag van Paardeberg. heimlik vooruitgesien na die groot slag wat Met ,die Britte op Transvaal se grense was sou plaasvind in die randjies en deinveld om vooruitsigte op 'n spoedige oorwinning skraal Pretoria. en baie burgers wou moedverlore die wyk In die hartjie van die hoofstad was daar op neem. Ander het pal gestaan want, so het hierdie stadium egter gewaarwordings aan die hulle geglo, Pretoria, 'die hoofstad van Trans- roer wat presies net die teenoorgestelde ge- vaal, sal nie maklik val nie. Daarvoor is hy dagtes laat ontstaan het. Op Maandag 7 Mei veels te sterk gefortifiseer. toe die Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek se Volks- Na die Jameson-inval het breedvoerige planne raad vir die laaste keer in die hoofstad by- om Pretoria te verowe r, aan die lig gekom. een gekom het, was dit diep onder die besef Vir die ingesetenes sowel as die Volksraad van kanongebulder digby Transvaal se grense was hierdie feite onrusbarend sodat daarna wat die afgevaardigdes hulle plekke in die in erns aandag geskenk is aan die verdedi- Raadsale ingeneem het. Tog het oorlogstoe- ging van Pretoria. Op aanbeveling van 'n stande geen afbreuk gedoen aan die seremo- kommissie wat oor die aangeleentheid ver- niele wyse waarop hierdie gebeurtenis, 5005 slag moes lewer, is daar besluit om teen 'n talle tevore, aangepak is nie. In die Eerste bedrag van R516 000,00 'n versterkte ammu- Volksraad het die voorsitter, genl Lucas Meyer nisieopslag-plek en vier forte om Pretoria te die verrigtinge geopen. Daar was 'n klomp bou. Hierdeur is strategiesgelee koppies om lee stoele in die Raadsaal: genls L. Botha, die stad gefortifiseer am die vernaamste Koos de la Rey en S. J. du Toit en raadslid poorte wat toegang tot 'die stad verleen, te Stoop was afwesig op komman'dodiens terwyl beskerm. Die Duitse firma Krupp het forte genl P. Cronje reeds krygsgevange geneem Schanskop, Klapperkop en Wonderboompoort was. Sy stoel is vir die byeenkoms met die 22 Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 5, Nr 3, 1975. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za vierkleur gedrapeer. Die stoele van die eertyd- woordigers, en ander amptenare en belang- se vise-president, kmdt genl Piet Joubert, genl stellen'des byeengekom het om na sy ope- J. H. M. de Koc:<, uitvoerende raadslid Bar- ningsrede te luister. Sy toespraak in hierdie nDrd en raadslid Tosen was vir altyd leeg." donker uur van sy volk se geskiedenis toon 'n Die oorlog het op kennel ike wyse in die hart intense bewustheid van die offers wat ge- van die regering self sy slagoffers geeis. Tog vra word. Hy verduidelik dat uit dokumen- moetdie werksaamhede van die Raad voort- tare bewyse in besit van die regering dit vir gaan en afgevaardigdes is oudergewoonte be- hom duidelik geword het dat die oorlog on- noem om Sy Edele, President S. J. p. Kru- vermydelik was. Oor die stemregkwessie, ger, na die opening van die volksraadsitting waarvan lord Milner en mnr Joseph Chamber- om 3 nm geleide te doen. OS H. S. Bosman lain in die laaste dae voor die oorlog so baie is amptelik versoek om die vergadering met gewag gemaak het, het hy tot die slotsom gebed te open en die lede van die Tweede gekom dat, 'AI het ons 1 jaar gegee, sou dit Volksraad is soos gewoonlik ook uitgenooi nie aangeneem werd.' Die enigste troos en om die opening by te woon.3 bemoediging wat die gryse president toe aan Raadslede P. J. Schutte, D. J. Louw en W. H. sy volk kon gee, was om nie te wanhoop nie van Niekerk het die eer te beurt geval om die maar om in God te g10.5 gryse president tydens sy laaste opening van die Volksraad in die Raadsaal op Kerkplein, Die sitting het slegs drie dae geduur. Volks- Pretoria, geleide te doen! raadslid en landsburger kon eweneens aan niks anders dink en oor niks anders praat Aan luister het dit nie ontbreek nie. Die pre- nie as die oorlog. Van die barbaarse oorlogs- sident het per koets by die saal gearriveer en praktyke van die vyand is by herhaling ge- die Raadsaal van die Eerste Volksraad binne- wag gemaak. Baie was reeds in rou gedom- gegaan waar raadslede, buitelandse verteen- pel; ander weer bekommerd oor bloedver- (Foto: Africana Museum) 'n Voorstelling van die kunstenaar C. E. Fripp van President Kruger se besoekers, 1900 23 Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 5, Nr 3, 1975. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za wante wat 'oor die see' verskeep is na af- sondering in 'n vreemde land terwyl 'n aan- tal verongenoegdes sondebokke gesoek het vir die ellende waarin hulle skielik gedompel is. Daar was ook 'n stl~rk gevoel onder die publiek, gesteun deur lltaatsekretaris F. W. Reitz en die staatsmyningenieur J. H. Mun- nik, om die Johannesburgse goudmyne op te blaas want, so het hulle gese: 'Dit is mos die kapitaliste se skuld dat ons in oorlog ge- dompel is!' Hulle het oDk 'n pamflet, getitel Bezint eer gij begint v'3rsprei waarin, aldus De Volkstem van 15 Mei 1900 'gepoogd wordt om argumenten bij te brengen tegen een eventuele onbruikbaarmaking onzer goud- mijnen.' Hierdie pianne is deur die tydige tus- senkoms van waarnernende kmdt genl L. Botha in die wiele gery."' Die front skuif nader Intussen het die handelaars wat oor groot voorraadskure beskik het, in spanning gelewe want 'n aanval op Pretoria kon maklik groot finansiele verliese vir hulle tot gevolg he. Aan genl S. Burger, bygestaan deur 'n kommis- sie, is opdrag gegee om Pretoria se verdedi- gingstelsel te organiseer maar hy - en talle ander - was so besorgd oor ander probleme dat daar oenskynlik hoegenaamd niks daad- Lord Roberts werkliks in die verband gedoen is nie. Hy het trouens ook nie genoeg tyd gehad om veel Van der Hoven onderneem om 'n liefdadig- te vermag nie." heidskonsert in St Andrews Hall te hou op 25 Mei." Almal het hulself veilig gewaan in Die daaglikse lewe in Pretoria het sy gang ge- die hoofstad veral nadat 'n besielde burger gaan en niemand het op 15 Mei daaraan ge- vanaf die front vol selfvertroue aan die re- dink dat lord Roberts voor die einde van die daksie van De Volkstem verklaar het dat 'de maand in Johannesburg sal wees nie. In die Vaalrivier . voor de moede Engelse sol- \i\andel is daar met verontwaardiging gewag daat ... een vreselijke positie (sal) blijken gemaak van die talle moedelose burgers wat te zijn en ongetwyfeld zal binnen weinig da- van tyd tot tyd hul opwagting in Pretoria gen de natuurlike zuiderlike grenslijn van die gemaak het. Teenoor diegene wat gepraat ZAR rood gekleurd zijn van het bloed van de het van wapens neerle, het andere gestaan ongelukkige instrumenten in de handen van de wat verontwaardig uitgeroep het: 'Ach, hoe tegenwoordige Engelse politici' .10 vernederend voor ons volk. En wat zal de buitenwereld . nu wei van die Afrikaner Ondanks die moadeloosheid van sommige helden-natie denken.' Ander het weer gewon- burgers, was die tuisblyers oenskynlik hout- der hoe afstammelinge van die 'kloeke Voor- gerus en nog baie veglustig. Van die skoner trekkers so wankelmoedig' kan wees.8 Daar geslag het selfs gespeel met die gedagte om is selfs voorgestel dat oorlewende Voortrek- 'n vrouekommando op die been te bring: iets kers na die front gestuur moes word om die waarvan die plaaslike mans nie wou hoor nie. moreel op te bou.
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