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ISSN : 2249 - 8958 Website: www.ijeat.org Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011 Published by: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.
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www.ijeat.org Exploring Innovation Editor In Chief Dr. Shiv K Sahu Ph.D. (CSE), M.Tech. (IT, Honors), B.Tech. (IT) Director, Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal (M.P.), India
Dr. Shachi Sahu Ph.D. (Chemistry), M.Sc. (Organic Chemistry) Additional Director, Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal (M.P.), India
Vice Editor In Chief Dr. Vahid Nourani Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran
Prof.(Dr.) Anuranjan Misra Professor & Head, Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology & Engineering, Noida International University, Noida (U.P.), India
Chief Advisory Board Prof. (Dr.) Hamid Saremi Vice Chancellor of Islamic Azad University of Iran, Quchan Branch, Quchan-Iran
Dr. Uma Shanker Professor & Head, Department of Mathematics, CEC, Bilaspur(C.G.), India
Dr. Rama Shanker Professor & Head, Department of Statistics, Eritrea Institute of Technology, Asmara, Eritrea
Dr. Vinita Kumari Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd., India
Dr. Kapil Kumar Bansal Head (Research and Publication), SRM University, Gaziabad (U.P.), India
Dr. Deepak Garg Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala (Punjab), India, Senior Member of IEEE, Secretary of IEEE Computer Society (Delhi Section), Life Member of Computer Society of India (CSI), Indian Society of Technical Education (ISTE), Indian Science Congress Association Kolkata.
Dr. Vijay Anant Athavale Director of SVS Group of Institutions, Mawana, Meerut (U.P.) India/ U.P. Technical University, India
Dr. T.C. Manjunath Principal & Professor, HKBK College of Engg, Nagawara, Arabic College Road, Bengaluru-560045, Karnataka, India
Dr. Kosta Yogeshwar Prasad Director, Technical Campus, Marwadi Education Foundation’s Group of Institutions, Rajkot-Morbi Highway, Gauridad, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Dr. Dinesh Varshney Director of College Development Counceling, Devi Ahilya University, Indore (M.P.), Professor, School of Physics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore (M.P.), and Regional Director, Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University, Indore (M.P.), India
Dr. P. Dananjayan Professor, Department of Department of ECE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry,India
Dr. Sadhana Vishwakarma Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Chemistry, Technocrat Institute of Technology, Bhopal(M.P.), India
Dr. Kamal Mehta Associate Professor, Deptment of Computer Engineering, Institute of Technology, NIRMA University, Ahmedabad (Gujarat), India
Dr. CheeFai Tan Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Technical, Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
Dr. Suresh Babu Perli Professor & Head, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Narasaraopeta Engineering College, Guntur, A.P., India
Dr. Binod Kumar Associate Professor, Schhool of Engineering and Computer Technology, Faculty of Integrative Sciences and Technology, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
Dr. Chiladze George Professor, Faculty of Law, Akhaltsikhe State University, Tbilisi University, Georgia
Dr. Kavita Khare Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering., MANIT, Bhopal (M.P.), INDIA
Dr. C. Saravanan Associate Professor (System Manager) & Head, Computer Center, NIT, Durgapur, W.B. India
Dr. S. Saravanan Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Muthayamal Engineering College, Resipuram, Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Amit Kumar Garg Professor & Head, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mulllana, Ambala (Haryana), India
Dr. T.C.Manjunath Principal & Professor, HKBK College of Engg, Nagawara, Arabic College Road, Bengaluru-560045, Karnataka, India
Dr. P. Dananjayan Professor, Department of Department of ECE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India
Dr. Kamal K Mehta Associate Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Technology, NIRMA University, Ahmedabad (Gujarat), India
Dr. Rajiv Srivastava Director, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sagar Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal (M.P.), India
Dr. Chakunta Venkata Guru Rao Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SR Engineering College, Ananthasagar, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Anuranjan Misra Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Bhagwant Institute of Technology, NH-24, Jindal Nagar, Ghaziabad, India
Dr. Robert Brian Smith International Development Assistance Consultant, Department of AEC Consultants Pty Ltd, AEC Consultants Pty Ltd, Macquarie Centre, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
Dr. Saber Mohamed Abd-Allah Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, China
Dr. Himani Sharma Professor & Dean, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Laxman Reddy Avenue, Dundigal, Hyderabad, India
Dr. Sahab Singh Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Dronacharya Group of Institutions, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida, India
Dr. Umesh Kumar Principal: Govt Women Poly, Ranchi, India
Dr. Syed Zaheer Hasan Scientist-G Petroleum Research Wing, Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute, Energy Building, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Campus, Raisan, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India.
Dr. Jaswant Singh Bhomrah Director, Department of Profit Oriented Technique, 1 – B Crystal Gold, Vijalpore Road, Navsari 396445, Gujarat. India
Technical Advisory Board Dr. Mohd. Husain Director. MG Institute of Management & Technology, Banthara, Lucknow (U.P.), India Dr. T. Jayanthy Principal. Panimalar Institute of Technology, Chennai (TN), India
Dr. Umesh A.S. Director, Technocrats Institute of Technology & Science, Bhopal(M.P.), India
Dr. B. Kanagasabapathi Infosys Labs, Infosys Limited, Center for Advance Modeling and Simulation, Infosys Labs, Infosys Limited, Electronics City, Bangalore, India
Dr. C.B. Gupta Professor, Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences, Pilani (Rajasthan), India
Dr. Sunandan Bhunia Associate Professor & Head,, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
Dr. Jaydeb Bhaumik Associate Professor, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
Dr. Rajesh Das Associate Professor, School of Applied Sciences, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
Dr. Mrutyunjaya Panda Professor & Head, Department of EEE, Gandhi Institute for Technological Development, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Dr. Mohd. Nazri Ismail Associate Professor, Department of System and Networking, University of Kuala (UniKL), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Dr. Haw Su Cheng Faculty of Information Technology, Multimedia University (MMU), Jalan Multimedia, 63100 Cyberjaya
Dr. Hossein Rajabalipour Cheshmehgaz Industrial Modeling and Computing Department, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 81310, Skudai, Malaysia
Dr. Sudhinder Singh Chowhan Associate Professor, Institute of Management and Computer Science, NIMS University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India
Dr. Neeta Sharma Professor & Head, Department of Communication Skils, Technocrat Institute of Technology, Bhopal(M.P.), India
Dr. Ashish Rastogi Associate Professor, Department of CSIT, Guru Ghansi Das University, Bilaspur (C.G.), India
Dr. Santosh Kumar Nanda Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Eastern Academy of Science and Technology (EAST), Khurda (Orisa), India
Dr. Hai Shanker Hota Associate Professor, Department of CSIT, Guru Ghansi Das University, Bilaspur (C.G.), India
Dr. Sunil Kumar Singla Professor, Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala (Punjab), India
Dr. A. K. Verma Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala (Punjab), India
Dr. Durgesh Mishra Chairman, IEEE Computer Society Chapter Bombay Section, Chairman IEEE MP Subsection, Professor & Dean (R&D), Acropolis Institute of Technology, Indore (M.P.), India
Dr. Xiaoguang Yue Associate Professor, College of Computer and Information, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming (Yunnan), China
Dr. Veronica Mc Gowan Associate Professor, Department of Computer and Business Information Systems,Delaware Valley College, Doylestown, PA, Allman China Dr. Mohd. Ali Hussain Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sai Madhavi Institute of Science & Technology, Rajahmundry (A.P.), India
Dr. Mohd. Nazri Ismail Professor, System and Networking Department, Jalan Sultan Ismail, Kaula Lumpur, MALAYSIA
Dr. Sunil Mishra Associate Professor, Department of Communication Skills (English), Dronacharya College of Engineering, Farrukhnagar, Gurgaon (Haryana), India
Dr. Labib Francis Gergis Rofaiel Associate Professor, Department of Digital Communications and Electronics, Misr Academy for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura City, Egypt
Dr. Pavol Tanuska Associate Professor, Department of Applied Informetics, Automation, and Mathematics, Trnava, Slovakia
Dr. VS Giridhar Akula Professor, Avanthi's Research & Technological Academy, Gunthapally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. S. Satyanarayana Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KL University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Bhupendra Kumar Sharma Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, KL University, BITS, Pilani, India
Dr. Praveen Agarwal Associate Professor & Head, Department of Mathematics, Anand International College of Engineering, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India
Dr. Manoj Kumar Professor, Department of Mathematics, Rashtriya Kishan Post Graduate Degree, College, Shamli, Prabudh Nagar, (U.P.), India
Dr. Shaikh Abdul Hannan Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Vivekanand Arts Sardar Dalipsing Arts and Science College, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), India
Dr. K.M. Pandey Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India
Prof. Pranav Parashar Technical Advisor, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), Bhopal (M.P.), India
Dr. Biswajit Chakraborty MECON Limited, Research and Development Division (A Govt. of India Enterprise), Ranchi-834002, Jharkhand, India
Dr. D.V. Ashoka Professor & Head, Department of Information Science & Engineering, SJB Institute of Technology, Kengeri, Bangalore, India
Dr. Sasidhar Babu Suvanam Professor & Academic Cordinator, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering, Kadayiuruppu, Kolenchery, Kerala, India
Dr. C. Venkatesh Professor & Dean, Faculty of Engineering, EBET Group of Institutions, Kangayam, Erode, Caimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India
Dr. Nilay Khare Assoc. Professor & Head, Department of Computer Science, MANIT, Bhopal (M.P.), India
Dr. Sandra De Iaco Professor, Dip.to Di Scienze Dell’Economia-Sez. Matematico-Statistica, Italy
Dr. Yaduvir Singh Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Ideal Institute of Technology, Govindpuram Ghaziabad, Lucknow (U.P.), India
Dr. Angela Amphawan Head of Optical Technology, School of Computing, School Of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia Dr. Ashwini Kumar Arya Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,Graphic Era University, Dehradun (U.K.), India
Dr. Yash Pal Singh Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engg, Director, KLS Institute Of Engg.& Technology, Director, KLSIET, Chandok, Bijnor, (U.P.), India
Dr. Ashish Jain Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Accurate Institute of Management & Technology, Gr. Noida (U.P.), India
Dr. Abhay Saxena Associate Professor&Head, Department. of Computer Science, Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
Dr. Judy. M.V Associate Professor, Head of the Department CS &IT, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Brahmasthanam, Edapally, Cochin, Kerala, India
Dr. Sangkyun Kim Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Kangwon National University, Hyoja 2 dong, Chunche0nsi, Gangwondo, Korea
Dr. Sanjay M. Gulhane Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering & Technology, Yavatmal, Maharastra, India
Dr. K.K. Thyagharajan Principal & Professor, Department of Informational Technology, RMK College of Engineering & Technology, RSM Nagar, Thiruyallur, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. P. Subashini Asso. Professor, Department of Computer Science, Coimbatore, India
Dr. G. Srinivasrao Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RVR & JC, College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, India
Dr. Rajesh Verma Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engg. and Deptt. of Information Technology, Kurukshetra Institute of Technology & Management, Bhor Sadian, Pehowa, Kurukshetra (Haryana), India
Dr. Pawan Kumar Shukla Associate Professor, Satya College of Engineering & Technology, Haryana, India
Dr. U C Srivastava Associate Professor, Department of Applied Physics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
Dr. Reena Dadhich Prof. & Head, Department of Computer Science and Informatics, MBS MArg, Near Kabir Circle, University of Kota, Rajasthan, India
Dr. Aashis.S.Roy Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Karnataka, India
Dr. Sudhir Nigam Professor Department of Civil Engineering, Principal, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology and Science, Raisen, Road, Bhopal, (M.P.), India
Dr. S.Senthilkumar Doctorate, Department of Center for Advanced Image and Information Technology, Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chon Buk National University Deok Jin-Dong, Jeonju, Chon Buk, 561- 756, South Korea Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Gufran Ahmad Ansari Associate Professor, Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
Dr. R.Navaneethakrishnan Associate Professor, Department of MCA, Bharathiyar College of Engg & Tech, Karaikal Puducherry, India
Dr. Hossein Rajabalipour Cheshmejgaz Industrial Modeling and Computing Department, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Universiti Teknologi Skudai, Malaysia
Dr. Veronica McGowan Associate Professor, Department of Computer and Business Information Systems, Delaware Valley College, Doylestown, PA, Allman China
Dr. Sanjay Sharma Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
Dr. Taghreed Hashim Al-Noor Professor, Department of Chemistry, Ibn-Al-Haitham Education for pure Science College, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Dr. Madhumita Dash Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Orissa Engineering College , Bhubaneswar,Odisha, India
Dr. Anita Sagadevan Ethiraj Associate Professor, Department of Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), School of Electronics Engineering (Sense), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Sibasis Acharya Project Consultant, Department of Metallurgy & Mineral Processing, Midas Tech International, 30 Mukin Street, Jindalee-4074, Queensland, Australia
Dr. Neelam Ruhil Professor, Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
Dr. Faizullah Mahar Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan
Dr. K. Selvaraju Head, PG & Research, Department of Physics, Kandaswami Kandars College (Govt. Aided), Velur (PO), Namakkal DT. Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. M. K. Bhanarkar Associate Professor, Department of Electronics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Sanjay Hari Sawant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur, India
Dr. Arindam Ghosal Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dronacharya Group of Institutions, B-27, Part-III, Knowledge Park,Greater Noida, India
Dr. M. Chithirai Pon Selvan Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering & Information Technology, Amity University, Dubai, UAE
Dr. S. Sambhu Prasad Professor & Principal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Dr. Muhammad Attique Khan Shahid Professor of Physics & Chairman, Department of Physics, Advisor (SAAP) at Government Post Graduate College of Science, Faisalabad.
Dr. Kuldeep Pareta Professor & Head, Department of Remote Sensing/GIS & NRM, B-30 Kailash Colony, New Delhi 110 048, India
Dr. Th. Kiranbala Devi Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Manipur Institute of Technology, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India
Dr. Nirmala Mungamuru Associate Professor, Department of Computing, School of Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Ethiopia
Dr. Srilalitha Girija Kumari Sagi Associate Professor, Department of Management, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, India
Dr. Vishnu Narayan Mishra Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath Mahadev Dumas Road, Surat (Gujarat), India
Dr. Yash Pal Singh Director/Principal, Somany (P.G.) Institute of Technology & Management, Garhi Bolni Road , Rewari Haryana, India.
Dr. Sripada Rama Sree Vice Principal, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh. India.
Dr. Rustom Mamlook Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman. Middle East.
Dr. Ramzi Raphael Ibraheem Al Barwari Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University – Hawler (SUH) Erbil – Kurdistan, Erbil Iraq.
Dr. Kapil Chandra Agarwal H.O.D. & Professor, Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Radha Govind Engineering College, U. P. Technical University, Jai Bheem Nagar, Meerut, (U.P). India.
Dr. Anil Kumar Tripathy Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Ghanashyama Hemalata Institute of Technology and Management, Puri Odisha, India.
Managing Editor Mr. Jitendra Kumar Sen International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
Editorial Board Dr. Soni Changlani Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology & Science, Bhopal (.M.P.), India
Dr. M .M. Manyuchi Professor, Department Chemical and Process Systems Engineering, Lecturer-Harare Institute of Technology, Zimbabwe
Dr. John Kaiser S. Calautit Professor, Department Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
Dr. Audai Hussein Al-Abbas Deputy Head, Department AL-Musaib Technical College/ Foundation of Technical Education/Babylon, Iraq
Dr. Şeref Doğuşcan Akbaş Professor, Department Civil Engineering, Şehit Muhtar Mah. Öğüt Sok. No:2/37 Beyoğlu Istanbul, Turkey
Dr. H S Behera Associate Professor, Department Computer Science & Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology (VSSUT) A Unitary Technical University Established by the Government of Odisha, India
Dr. Rajeev Tiwari Associate Professor, Department Computer Science & Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Uttrakhand, India
Dr. Piyush Kumar Shukla Assoc. Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, RGPV, Bhopal (M.P.), India
Dr. Piyush Lotia Assoc.Professor, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Shankaracharya College of Engineering and Technology, Bhilai (C.G.), India
Dr. Asha Rai Assoc. Professor, Department of Communication Skils, Technocrat Institute of Technology, Bhopal (M.P.), India
Dr. Vahid Nourani Assoc. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA
Dr. Hung-Wei Wu Assoc. Professor, Department of Computer and Communication, Kun Shan University, Taiwan
Dr. Vuda Sreenivasarao Associate Professor, Department of Computr And Information Technology, Defence University College, Debrezeit Ethiopia, India
Dr. Sanjay Bhargava Assoc. Professor, Department of Computer Science, Banasthali University, Jaipur, India
Dr. Sanjoy Deb Assoc. Professor, Department of ECE, BIT Sathy, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Papita Das (Saha) Assoc. Professor, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Duragpur, India
Dr. Waail Mahmod Lafta Al-waely Assoc. Professor, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Al-Mustafa University College – Plastain Street near AL-SAAKKRA square- Baghdad - Iraq
Dr. P. P. Satya Paul Kumar Assoc. Professor, Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, University College of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Guntur
Dr. Sohrab Mirsaeidi Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Dr. Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) Farmanieh, Tehran - Iran
Dr. Omed Ghareb Abdullah Associate Professor, Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Sulaimani, Iraq Dr. Khaled Eskaf Associate Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computing and Information Technology, Alexandria, Egypt
Dr. Nitin W. Ingole Associate Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Prof Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research, Badnera Amravati
Dr. P. K. Gupta Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, P.O. Dumehar Bani, Solan, India
Dr. P.Ganesh Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Linyi Top Network Co Ltd Linyi , Shandong Provience, China
Dr. Santhosh K V Associate Professor, Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Dr. Subhendu Kumar Pani Assoc. Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Orissa Engineering College, India
Dr. Syed Asif Ali Professor/ Chairman, Department of Computer Science, SMI University, Karachi, Pakistan
Dr. Vilas Warudkar Assoc. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
Dr. S. Chandra Mohan Reddy Associate Professor & Head, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, JNTUA College of Engineering (Autonomous), Cuddapah, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. V. Chittaranjan Das Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, R.V.R. & J.C. College of Engineering, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Jamal Fathi Abu Hasna Associate Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics and Computer Engineering, Near East University, TRNC, Turkey
Dr. S. Deivanayaki Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Nirvesh S. Mehta Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, South Gujarat, India
Dr. A.Vijaya Bhasakar Reddy Associate Professor, Research Scientist, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. C. Jaya Subba Reddy Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara University Tirupathi Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. TOFAN Cezarina Adina Associate Professor, Department of Sciences Engineering, Spiru Haret University, Arges, Romania
Dr. Balbir Singh Associate Professor, Department of Health Studies, Human Development Area, Administrative Staff College of India, Bella Vista, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. D. RAJU Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology (VJIT), Aziz Nagar Gate, Hyderabad, India
Dr. Salim Y. Amdani Associate Professor & Head, Department of Computer Science Engineering, B. N. College of Engineering, PUSAD, (M.S.), India
Dr. K. Kiran Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Information Technology, Bapatla Engineering College, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Md. Abdullah Al Humayun Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Systems Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Dr. Vellore Vasu Teaching Assistant, Department of Mathematics, S.V.University Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Naveen K. Mehta Associate Professor & Head, Department of Communication Skills, Mahakal Institute of Technology, Ujjain, India
Dr. Gujar Anant kumar Jotiram Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ashokrao Mane Group of Institutions, Vathar, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Pratibhamoy Das Scientist, Department of Mathematics, IMU Berlin Einstein Foundation Fellow Technical University of Berlin, Germany
Dr. Messaouda AZZOUZI Associate Professor, Department of Sciences & Technology, University of Djelfa, Algeria
Dr. Vandana Swarnkar Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India
Dr. Arvind K. Sharma Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, University of Kota, Kabir Circle, Rajasthan, India
Dr. R. Balu Associate Professor, Department of Computr Applications, Bharathiar University, Tamilnadu, India
Dr. S. Suriyanarayanan Associate Professor, Department of Water and Health, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Karnataka, India
Dr. Dinesh Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Pratap University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Dr. Sandeep N Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Dharmpal Singh Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, West Bengal, India Dr. Farshad Zahedi Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Tehran, Iran
Dr. Atishey Mittal Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University NCR Campus Meerut Delhi Road Modinagar, Aligarh, India
Dr. Hussein Togun Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thiqar, Iraq
Dr. Shrikaant Kulkarni Associate Professor, Department of Senior faculty V.I.T., Pune (M.S.), India
Dr. Mukesh Negi Project Manager, Department of Computer Science & IT, Mukesh Negi, Project Manager, Noida, India
Dr. Sachin Madhavrao Kanawade Associate Professor, Department Chemical Engineering, Pravara Rural Education Society’s,Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Nashik, India
Dr. Ganesh S Sable Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Maharashtra Institute of Technology Satara Parisar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Dr. T.V. Rajini Kanth Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad, India
Dr. Anuj Kumar Gupta Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, RIMT Institute of Engineering & Technology, NH-1, Mandi Godindgarh, Punjab, India
Dr. Hasan Ashrafi- Rizi Associate Professor, Medical Library and Information Science Department of Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Dr. Golam Kibria Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
Dr. Mohammad Jannati Professor, Department of Energy Conversion, UTM-PROTON Future Drive Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Enginering, Universit Teknologi Malaysia,
Dr. Mohammed Saber Mohammed Gad Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Research Centre- El Behoos Street, El Dokki, Giza, Cairo, Egypt,
Dr. V. Balaji Professor, Department of EEE, Sapthagiri College of Engineering Periyanahalli,(P.O) Palacode (Taluk) Dharmapuri,
Dr. Naveen Beri Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engg. & Tech., Gurdaspur - 143 521, Punjab, India
Dr. Abdel-Baset H. Mekky Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Buraydah Colleges Al Qassim / Saudi Arabia
Dr. T. Abdul Razak Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620 020 India
Dr. Preeti Singh Bahadur Associate Professor, Department of Applied Physics Amity University, Greater Noida (U.P.) India
Dr. Ramadan Elaiess Associate Professor, Department of Information Studies, Faculty of Arts University of Benghazi, Libya
Dr. R . Emmaniel Professor & Head, Department of Business Administration ST, ANN, College of Engineering & Technology Vetapaliem. Po, Chirala, Prakasam. DT, AP. India
Dr. C. Phani Ramesh Director cum Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, PRIST University, Manamai, Chennai Campus, India
Dr. Rachna Goswami Associate Professor, Department of Faculty in Bio-Science, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT) District- Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Sudhakar Singh Assoc. Prof. & Head, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Sardar Patel College of Technology, Balaghat (M.P.), India
Dr. Xiaolin Qin Associate Professor & Assistant Director of Laboratory for Automated Reasoning and Programming, Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Dr. Maddila Lakshmi Chaitanya Assoc. Prof. Department of Mechanical, Pragati Engineering College 1-378, ADB Road, Surampalem, Near Peddapuram, East Godavari District, A.P., India
Dr. Jyoti Anand Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
Dr. Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand Assoc. Professor, Department of Industrial Management, College of Management, Economy and Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Dr. Ravindra Jilte Assist. Prof. & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, VCET Vasai, University of Mumbai , Thane, Maharshtra 401202, India
Dr. Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram Research Scholar, Department of Water Resources Development & Management Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
Dr. G. Komarasamy Associate Professor, Senior Grade, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam,Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. P. Raman Professor, Department of Management Studies, Panimalar Engineering College Chennai, India
Dr. M. Anto Bennet Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Veltech Engineering College, Chennai, India
Dr. P. Keerthika Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kongu Engineering College Perundurai, Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Santosh Kumar Behera Associate Professor, Department of Education, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, P.O. Sainik School, Dist-Purulia, West Bengal, India
Dr. P. Suresh Associate Professor, Department of Information Technology, Kongu Engineering College Perundurai, Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Santosh Shivajirao Lomte Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Radhai Mahavidyalaya, N-2 J sector, opp. Aurangabad Gymkhana, Jalna Road Aurangabad, India
Dr. Altaf Ali Siyal Professor, Department of Land and Water Management, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan
Dr. Mohammad Valipour Associate Professor, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
Dr. Prakash H. Patil Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Tele Communication, Indira College of Engineering and Management Pune, India
Dr. Smolarek Małgorzata Associate Professor, Department of Institute of Management and Economics, High School of Humanitas in Sosnowiec, Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas Instytut Zarządzania i Ekonomii ul. Kilińskiego Sosnowiec Poland, India Dr. Umakant Vyankatesh Kongre Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering and Technology, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Niranjana S Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT) Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
Dr. Naseema Khatoon Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Integral University Lucknow (U.P), India
Dr. P. Samuel Associate Professor, Department of English, KSR College of Engineering Tiruchengode – 637 215 Namakkal Dt. Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Mohammad Sajid Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering Qassim University Buraidah 51452, Al-Qassim Saudi Arabia
Dr. Sanjay Pachauri Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IMS Unison University Makkawala Greens Dehradun-248009 (UK)
Dr. S. Kishore Reddy Professor, Department of School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Adama Science & Technology University, Adama
Dr. Muthukumar Subramanyam Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Puducherry, India
Dr. Latika Kharb Associate Professor, Faculty of Information Technology, Jagan Institute of Management Studies (JIMS), Rohini, Delhi, India
Dr. Kusum Yadav Associate Professor, Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering & Science Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Dr. Preeti Gera Assoc. Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Savera Group of Institutions, Farrukh Nagar, Gurgaon, India
Dr. Ajeet Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Avenue, New York
Dr. M. Jinnah S Mohamed Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National College of Engineering, Maruthakulam.Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Mostafa Eslami Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, University of Mazandaran Babolsar, Iran
Dr. Akram Mohammad Hassan Elentably Professor, Department of Economics of Maritime Transport, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Ports & Maritime Transport, King Abdul- Aziz University
Dr. Ebrahim Nohani Associate Professor, Department of Hydraulic Structures, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
Dr. Aarti Tolia Faculty, Prahaldbhai Dalmia Lions College of Commerce & Economics, Mumbai, India
Dr. Ramachandra C G Professor & Head, Department of Marine Engineering, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Valachil, Mangalore-574143, India
Dr. G. Anandharaj Associate Professor, Department of M.C.A, Ganadipathy Tulsi's Jain Engineering College, Chittoor- Cuddalore Road, Kaniyambadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
S. Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011, ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online) Page No Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. No.
Authors: Anubhuti Khare, Manish Saxena, Neha Parmar Paper Title: Satellite Communication Networks Performance Abstract: A number of serious consortiums develop satellite communication networks. The objective of these communication projects is to service personal communication users almost everywhere on earth. The inter satellite links in those projects use microwave radiation as the carrier. Free-space optical communication between satellites networked together can make possible high-speed communication between different places on earth. Some advantages of an optical communication system over a microwave communication system in free space are 1) smaller size and weight, 2) less transmitter power, 3) larger bandwidth, and 4) higher immunity to interference. The pointing from one satellite to another is a complicated problem due to the large distance between the satellite, the narrow beam divergence angle, and vibration of the pointing system. Such vibration of the transmitted beam in the receiver plane decreases the average received signal, which increases the bit error rate.
Keywords: Laser communication, optical networks, satellite optical communication, vibrations.
References: 1. R. J. Leopold and A. Miller, “The IRIDIUM communications system,” IEEE Potentials, vol. 12. 1. 2. “The IRIDIUM communications system,” in IEEE Conf. TT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., vol. 2, 3. F. Ananasso, “System market and regulatory aspects for satellite personal communications,” in Mobile and Personal Satellite Communications: Proceeding of the First European Workshop on Mobile/Personal Satcoms (EMPS’94), F. Ananasso and F. Vatalaro, Eds. 1-5 Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 4. P. P. Giusto and G. Qualione, “Technical alternative for satellite mobile networks,” in Mobile and Personal Satellite Communications: Proceeding of the First European Workshop on Mobile/ Personal Satcoms (EMPS’94), F. Ananasso and F. Vatalaro, Eds. Berlin: Springer- Verlag, 5. B. I. Edelson and G. Hyde, “Laser satellite communications, program technology and applications,” IEEE-USA Aerospace Policy Committee Rep. 6. D. K. Paul, F. Faris, R. Garlow, T. Inukai, B. Pontano, R. Razdan, A. Ganz, and L. Caudill, “Optical intersatellite links: Application to commercial satellite communications,” in Proc. 14th AIAA Int. Communication Satellite Systems, Washington, D.C. 7. D. K. Paul, “Optical cross links for advanced Satcom networks,” presented at the Asia Pacific Microwave Conf., New Delhi India. 8. M. Fujise, M. Nohara, K. Uehara, and W. Chujo, “Broadband mobile satellite communication system by LEO–SAT and optical ISL’s,” in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, London, vol. 1. 9. M. Wittig, L. van Holtz, D. E. L. Tunbridge, and H. C. Vermeulen, “In orbit measurements of microaccelerations of ESA’s communication satellite OLYMPUS,” in Selected Paper on Free-Space Laser Communication II—SPIE Ms 100, D. L. Begly and B. J. Thompson, Eds. Bellingham, WA: SPI. 10. S. Dyne, P. P. Collins, and D. Tunbridge, “Satellite mechanical health monitoring,” in IEE Colloquium Advanced Vibration Measurements, Techniques and Instrumentation for the Early Predication of Failure. 11. [11] S. J. C. Dyne, D. E. L. Tunbridge, and P. P. Collins, “The vibration environment on a satellite in orbit,” in IEE Colloquium High Accuracy Platform Control in Space. 12. [12] K. J. Held and J. D. Barry, “Precision pointing and tracking between satellite-borne optical systems,” Opt. Eng., vol. 27. Authors: Anubhuti Khare, Manish Saxena, Bhagawati Patil Paper Title: Voice Data Compression and Decompression Abstract: An efficient and minimum hardware implementation for the Voice data compression and decompression will be presented in this paper. Voice data compression and decompression is about a process which reduces the data rate or file size of digital audio signals. This process reduces the dynamic range (withoutchanging the amount of digital data) of audio signals [1]. The Huffman coding is used to have lossless audio compression. Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) is used for to code the Huffman encoder and decoder and Actel’s ProASIC kit is used for hard ware implementation of it. This system is minimal model of real time audio compression and decompression system.
Keywords: FPGA, VLSI, ADC, Huffman Coding.
References: 1. FPGA based architecture of MP3decoding core for multimedia systems. 2. 2. C. Murthy and P. Mishra. Bit mask-based control word compression for NISC architectures. In Proceedings of ACM Great Lakes Symposium onVLSI (GLSVLSI), 2009. 3. K. Basu and P. Mishra. A novel test-data compression technique using application-aware bit mask and dictionary selection methods. In 6-10 Proceedings of ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI),pages 83–88, 2008. 4. S. Seong and P. Mishra. Bit mask-based code compression for embedded systems. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems (TCAD), 27(4):673–685, April 2008. 5. B. Gorjiara and D. Gajski. FPGA-friendly code compression for horizontal micro coded custom IPs. In Proceedings of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), 2007. 6. S. Seong and P. Mishra. An efficient code compression technique using application-aware bit mask and dictionary selection methods. In Proceedings of Design Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), pages 582–587, 2007. 7. M.-B. Lin, J.-F. Lee, and G. E. Jan, “A lossless data compression and decompression algorithm and its hardware architecture,” IEEE Trans.Very Large Scale Interation (VLSI) Syst., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 925–936,Sep. 2006. 8. K. Pagiamtzis and A. Sheikholeslami, “Content-addressable memory (CAM) circuits and architectures: A tutorial and survey,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 712–727, Mar. 2006. 9. S. Seong and P. Mishra. A bit mask-based code compression technique for embedded systems. In Proceedings of International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), pages 251–254, 2006. 10. V. Sklyarov, I. Skliarova, B. Pimentel, J. Arrais, “Hardware/Software Implementation of FPGA-Targeted Matrix-Oriented SAT Solvers”,Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications –FPL‟2004, Antwerp, Belgium,August/September, 2004, pp. 922-926. 11. V. Sklyarov, “Hierarchical Finite-State Machines and Their Use for Digital Control”, IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, Vol. 7, No 2,1999, pp. 222-228. 12. B. Pimentel, J. Arrais, “Implementación de Algoritmo de Compressão Descompressão de Dados para Modelo de Coprocessamento basead on FPGA‟s”, Electrónica e Telecomunicações, vol. 4, no. 10, Jan. 2004, pp. 215-220. 13. V. Sklyarov, “FPGA-based implementation of recursive algorithms”,Microprocessors and Microsystems, Special Issue on FPGAs:Applications and Designs, 2004, vol. 28/5-6 pp 197-211. 14. M. Guthaus, J. Ringenberg, D. Ernst, T. Austin, T. Mudge, and R.Brown. MiBench: A free, commercially representative embedded benchmark suite. In Proceedings of International Workshop onWorkload Characterization (WWC), 2001. 15. NiosEmbeddedProcessorhttp://www.altera.com/products/devices/excalibur/excniosindex.html. http://www.xilinx.com/partinfo/databook.htm. 16. Xilinx Micro Blaze. http://www.xilinx.com/xlnx/xil product.jsp? Title=micro blaze. Authors: Anubhuti Khare, Manish Saxena, Vijay B. Nerkar Paper Title: ECG Data Compression Using DWT Abstract: Although digital storage media is not expensive and computational power has exponentially increased in past few years, the possibility of electrocardiogram (ECG) compression still attracts the attention, due to the huge amount of data that has to be stored and transmitted; the amount that grows (depending upon the sampling rate, quantization levels and number of sensors) at the rate of 7.5-540 KB per minute per patient, depending upon the time and amplitude, sampling rate and number of sensors. Besides the increased storage capacity for archival purposes, ECG compression allows real-time transmission over telephone networks, economic off-line transmission to remote interpretation sites, improves Holter monitor systems 3. and enables efficient ECG rhythm analysis algorithms. A wide range of compression techniques based on different transformation techniques like DCT, FFT; DST & DCT2 were evaluated to find an optimal compression strategy for 11-13 ECG data compression. Wavelet compression techniques were found to be optimal in terms of compression.
Keywords: ECG, Compression, DCT, DWT, CR and PRD
References: 1. R. S. Khndpur, “Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation”. 2. S. Jalaleddine, C. Hutchens, R. Strattan, and W. Coberly, “ECG data compression techniques – a unified approach”, IEEE Trans. On Biomedical Engineering, vol. 37, pp. 329-343, 1990. Authors: Anubhuti Khare, Manish Saxena, Pravin J Chaudhari Paper Title: Signal Code Modulation for Broadband Wireless Systems Abstract: This paper seeks to present ways to eliminate the inherent quantization noise component in digital communications, instead of conventionally making it minimal. It deals with a new concept of signaling called the Signal Code Modulation (SCM) Technique. The primary analog signal is represented by: a sample which is quantized and encoded digitally, and an analog component, which is a function of the quantization component of the digital sample. The advantages of such a system are two sided offering advantages of both analog and digital signaling. The presence of the analog residual allows for the system performance to improve when excess channel 4. SNR is available. The digital component provides increased SNR and makes it possible for coding to be employed to achieve near error-free transmission 14-19
Keywords: SCM, Hybrid Modulation, Quantized residual amplification.
References: 1. B.P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Oxford Press, 1998 : p.711 2. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2000 : p.542 3. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2000 : p.151 and p.164, Fig. 2.55 4. B. Friedlander and E. Pasternak’s published work at the Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, November 2001. Authors: Mohd. Shahnawaz, Ashish Ranjan, Mohd Danish Paper Title: Temporal Data Mining: An Overview Abstract: To classify data mining problems and algorithms we used two dimensions: data type and type of mining operations. One of the main issue that arise during the data mining process is treating data that contains temporal information. The area of temporal data mining has very much attention in the last decade because from the time related feature of the data, one can extract much significant information which can not be extracted by the general methods of data mining. Many interesting techniques of temporal data mining were proposed and shown to be useful in many applications. Since temporal data mining brings together techniques from different fields such as databases, statistics and machine learning the literature is scattered among many different sources. In this paper, we present a survey on techniques of temporal data mining. 5.
Keywords: Temporal Data; Temporal Data Mining; TDM Task; Temporal Sequence Mining. 20-24
References: 1. Han J, Kamber M 2001 Data mining: Concepts and techniques (San Fransisco, CA: Morgan Kauffmann) 2. Kanak Saxena, Efficient Mining Weighted Temporal Association Rules. 2009 World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering pp 421-425 IEEE Computer Society. 3. Garofarakasi, Rajeev Rastogi and K Shim, in 1999, design SPIRIT: Sequential Pattern Mining with Regular Expression Constraints. Bell Labs Tech. Memorndum BL0112370-990223-03TM, February 1999. 4. SRIVATSAN LAXMAN and P S SASTRY, A survey of temporal data mining, Sadhana Vol. 31, Part 2, April 2006, pp. 173–198. 5. A.K. Pujari 2007, Data Mining Techniques, University Press ISBN 8173713804. 6. WuY-L, AgrawalD, AbbadiAE 2000Acomparison of DFT and DWT based similarity search in time series databases. In Proc. Ninth Int. Conf. on Information and Knowledge Management, McLean,VA, pp 488–495 7. Gray R M, Buzo A, Gray Jr. A H, Matsuyama Y 1980 Distortion measures for speech processing. IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech Signal Process. 28: 367–376 8. Haselsteiner E, Pfurtscheller G 2000 Using time-dependent neural networks for EEG classification. IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng. 8: 457–463. 9. Yule G 1927 On a method of investigating periodicity in distributed series with special reference to Wolfer’s sunspot numbers. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A226 10. Han, J., Pei, J., Yin, Y.: Mining Frequent Patterns without Candidate Generation. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. on Management of Data (2000) 1-12. 11. Claudia m M. Antunes and Arlindo L. Oliveira: Temporal Data Mining: an overview. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 12. Coiera, E.: The Role of Knowledge Based Systems in Clinical Practice. In Barahona, P., Christensen, J.: Knowledge and Decisions in Health Telematics – The Next Decada. IOS Press Amsterdam (1994) 199-203 Authors: Anubhuti Khare, Manish Saxena, Heena A Jain Paper Title: Next Generation Micro-power Systems Abstract: Emerging micro-systems such as portable and implantable medical electronics, wireless micro-sensors and next-generation portable multimedia devices demand a dramatic reduction in energy consumption. The ultimate goal is to power these devices using energy harvesting techniques such as vibration-to-electric conversion or through wireless power transmission. A major opportunity to reduce the energy consumption of digital circuits is to scale supply voltages to 0.5V and below. The challenges associated with ultra-low-voltage design will be presented. These include variation-aware design for logic and SRAM circuits, efficient DC-DC converters for ultra-low-voltage structuring to support extreme parallelism. This paper also addresses micro-power analog and RF circuits, which require the use of application specific structures and highly digital variation-aware architectures.
Keywords: Micro-System, SRAM, RF Circuit
References: 1. N. Guilar et al., “Integrated Solar Energy Harvesting and Storage,” IEEE ISLPED, pp. 20-24, Oct. 2006 2. R. Das et al., “Integration of Photosynthetic Protein Molecular Complexes in Solid-State Electronic Devices,” Nano Letters, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1079-1083, 2004. 3. H. Lhermet et al., “Efficient Power Management Circuit: Thermal Energy Harvesting to Above-IC Microbattery Energy Storage,” IEEE ISSCC, pp. 62-63, Feb. 2007. 4. V. Leonov et al., “Thermoelectric Converters of Human Warmth for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 650-657, May 2007. 5. I. Stark, “Thermal Energy Harevsting with Thermo Life,” IEEE Intl. Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, pp. 19-22, Apr. 2006. 6. M. Renaud et al., “Piezoelectric Harvesters and MEMS Technology: Fabrication, Modeling and Measurements,” IEEE Intl. Conf. Solid- State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, pp. 891-894, June 2007. 7. S. Roundy, P.K. Wright and J. Rabaey, Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Networks with Special Focus on Vibrations, Kluwer 6. Academic Press, 2003. 8. Y.K. Ramadass and A.P. Chandrakasan, “Minimum Energy Tracking Loop with Embedded DC-DC Converter Delivering Voltages down to 250mV in 65nm CMOS,” IEEE ISSCC, pp. 64-65, Feb. 2007. 25-29 9. J. Kwong et al., “A 65nm Sub-Vt Microcontroller with Integrated SRAM and Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converter,” IEEE ISSCC, pp. 318-319, Feb. 2008. 10. V. Sze and A. Chandrakasan, "A 0.4-V UWB Baseband Processor," IEEE ISLPED, pp. 262-267, Aug. 2007. 11. A. Srivastava, D. Sylvester, D. Blaauw, Statistical Analysis and Optimization for VLSI: Timing and Power, New York: Springer, 2005, pp. 79-132. 12. D. Blaauw, S. Kalaiselvan, K. Lai et al., “Razor II: In Situ Error Detection and Correction for PVT and SER Tolerance,” IEEE ISSCC, pp. 400-401, Feb. 2008. 13. N. Verma and A. P. Chandrakasan, “A 256kb 65nm 8T Subthreshold SRAM Employing Sense-Amplifier Redundancy,” IEEE JSSC, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 141-149. 14. N. Verma and A. P. Chandrakasan, "A 25μW 100kS/s 12b ADC for Wireless Micro-Sensor Applications," IEEE ISSCC, pp. 222-223, Feb. 2006. 15. M. Elzakker, E. Tuijl, P. Geraedts, et al., “A 1.9μW, 4.4fJ/Conversion-step 10b 1MS/s Charge-Redistribution ADC,” IEEE ISSCC, pp. 244- 245, Feb. 2008. 16. D. C. Daly and A. P. Chandrakasan, "A 6-bit, 0.2V to 0.9V Highly Digital Flash ADC with Comparator Redundancy," IEEE ISSCC, pp. 554-555, Feb. 2008. 17. B. P. Ginsburg and A. P. Chandrakasan, "Highly Interleaved 5b 250MS/s ADC with Redundant Channels in 65nm CMOS," IEEE ISSCC, pp. 240-241, Feb. 2008. 18. T. S. Cho et al., "A Low Power Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensor System," IEEE CICC, pp. 181-184, Sept. 2007. 19. H.-S. Lee and C. G. Sodini, “Analog-to-Digital Converters: Digitizing the Analog World,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 323- 334, Feb. 2008. 20. K. Muhammad et al., “Digital RF Processing: Toward Low- Cost Reconfigurable Radios,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 105-113, Aug. 2005. 21. D. D. Wentzloff and A. P. Chandrakasan, "A 47pJ/pulse 3.1-to-5GHz All-Digital UWB Transmitter in 90nm CMOS," IEEE ISSCC, pp. 118-119, Feb. 2007. 22. F. S. Lee and A. P. Chandrakasan, "A 2.5nJ/b 0.65V 3-to- 5GHz Subbanded UWB Receiver in 90nm CMOS," IEEEISSCC, pp. 116-117, Feb. 2007. 23. N. M. Pletcher et al., "A 2GHz 52μW Wake-Up Receiver with -72dBm Sensitivity Using Uncertain-IF Architecture," IEEE ISSCC, pp. 524-525, Feb. 2008. Authors: Sanjay Sharma, P. S. Patheja, Akhilesh A. Waoo, Rahul Gour Paper Title: A Survey on Different Security Techniques of Mobile Code Abstract: Mobile agents are software which moves autonomously through a computer network with aim to perform some computation or gather information on behalf of its creator or an application. In the last several years, 7. mobile agents have proved its numerous applications including e-commerce. In most applications, the security of mobile agents is a burning issue. There are plenty of techniques to protect mobile code. There need a brief discussion 30-34 about each method including strength and limitation so it may guide to choose best techniques for individual application. This paper presented a overview of various security techniques with their strength and limitation. This article presents comparison of different aspects of mobile code security, namely the protection of hosts receiving a malicious mobile code and the protection of a mobile code within a malicious host.
Keywords: Security, Mobile agents, Mobile code, malicious host, Electronic commerce.
References: 1. Najmus Saqib Malik, David Ko and Harry H. Cheng, “A secure migration process for mobile agents”, Published online 30 August 2010, U.S.A. 2. Wayne A. Jansen, “Countermeasures for Mobile Agent Security” March 01,2010 3. Sandhya Armoogum, Asvin Caully,” Obfuscation Techniques for Mobile Agent code confidentiality”, March 2010 4. AHMADI-BROOGHANI, ZAHRA, Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on COMMUNICATIONS, Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, July 26-28, 2007 5. Marc Joye,Thomson R&D France,” On White-Box Cryptography” ,Published in A. El»ci, S.B. Ors, and B. Preneel, Eds, Security of Information and Networks, pp. 7{12,Tra®ord Publishing, 2008. 6. Li Gong,”Secure java class loading,” IEEE Internet Computing, pages 56-61, 1998. 7. L. Gong, “Java Security Architecture (JDK1.2),” Technical Report, Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303, U.S.A, 1998. 8. Bo Chen1, Harry H. Cheng1, and Joe Palen2, SOFTWARE—PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE published online, 13 July 2006,U.S.A 9. “Signed Code,” (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2003, from James Madison University, IT Technical Services Web site: 10. http://www.jmu.edu/computing/infosecurity/ engineering/issues/signedcode.shtml 11. “Introduction to Code Signing,” (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2003, from Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) Web site: http://msdn.microsoft. 12. Robert Fischer, Ming-Yang Kao,” Multi-Domain Sandboxing: An Overview” Sep. 2000 13. Chow, P. Eisen, H. Johnson, P.C. van Oorschot,” White-Box Cryptography and an AES Implementation”, Annual Workshopon Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC'02), Aug. 15-16, 2002. 14. R. Levin (1998). “Security Grows Up: The Java 2 Platform,” Retrieved December 21, 2003, from Sun Microsystems, Inc. Sun Developer Network (SDN) Web site: http://java.sun.com/features/1998/11/jdk.security.html 15. P. Lee and G. Necula, “Research on Proof-Carrying Code on Mobile-Code Security,” In Proceedings of the Workshop on Foundations of Mobile Code Security, 1997. 16. S. Loureiro, R. Molva, and Y. Roudier, "Mobile Code Security," Institut Eurecom, 2001. 17. P. Lee. (n.d.), “Proof-carrying code,” Retrieved December 28, 2003, from Web site: http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~petel/papers/pcc/pcc.html 18. D. Chess, J. Morar, “Is Java still secure?,” IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, NY, 1998. 19. G. Wroblewski, “General Method of Program Code Obfuscation,” PhD Dissertation, Wroclaw University of Technology, Institute of Engineering Cybernetics, 2002, (under final revision). 20. F. Hohl, “Time Limited Blackbox Security: Protecting Mobile Agents from Malicious Hosts,” To appear in Mobile Agents and Security Book edited by Giovanni Vigna, published by Springer Verlag 1998. 21. B. Barak, O. Goldreich, R. Impagliazzo, S. Rudich, A. Sahai, S. Vadhan, and K. Yang, “On the (Im)possibility of Obfuscating Programs,” in Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings of Crypto'2001, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2139, pages 1-18. 22. G. Hachez, “A Comparative Study of Software Protection Tools Suited for Ecommerce with Contributions to Software Watermarking and Smart Cards,” Universite Catholique de Louvain, 2003. 23. C. Collberg, C. Thomborson, and D. Low, “A taxonomy of obfuscating transformations,” Technical Report 148, Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, July 1997. 24. L. Gong, M. Mueller, H. Prafullchandra, and R. Schemers, “Going Beyond the Sandbox: An Overview of the New Security Architecture in the Java Development Kit 1.2,” In Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, Monterey, California, Dec. 1997. 25. Gary McGraw and Edward Felten (1996-9). Securing JAVA [Electronic version]. John Wiley and Sons. http://www.securingjava.com/ 26. M. Hauswirth, C. Kerer, and R. Kurmanowytsch, “A secure execution framework for Java,” In Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on computer and communications security (CCS 2000), pages 43--52, Athens, Greece, Nov. 2000. 27. M. Dageforde. (n.d.). “Security Features Overview,” Retrieved December 21, 2003, from Sun Microsystems, Inc. The JavaTM Tutorial Web site: http://java.sun.com /docs/books/tutorial/security1.2 /overview/ Authors: Dipak R.Pardhi, Akhilesh A.Waoo Paper Title: An Efficient Ranking Based Clustering Algorithm Abstract: There are several databases, which contain large information about research publications in various fields, for examples, DBLP in computer science and PubMed in medical science. US Census data set which contains information with 68 categorical attributes, which is very complex to get the information. Zoo data set which having information with 17 attributes, Plant Cell Signalling data set which describes the interactions of the nodes within the plant signalling network by considering 43 different attributes. Each such database forms an immense size of information network connecting in very complex ways. In this work, we are proposing an approach for “information network mining” on such a database. We consider DBLP as an example.The database contains information about research papers, authors, conferences and journals. It also includes the date, year and the place of publication of particular journals and conferences. Various users have very specific personalized search criteria for profiling such patterns and verifying the interest, we are proposed an algorithm RBC_A, so that- (1) In-depth information about research, such as the clustering of conferences due to their 8. sharing of many common authors can be categorized; (2) The reputation of a conference can be evaluated; finally (3) Time relevant information can be inferred. The above have been addressed in the design and development of this 35-40 work.
Keywords: Information Network, Data Mining, Profiling, Ranking, Clustering, Classifications, Associations, User interface
References: 1. Yizhou Sun, Tianyi Wu, Zhijun Yin, Hong Chen Jiawei Han, Xiaoxin Yin, Peixiang Zhao, BibNetMiner: Mining Bibliographic Information Networks Canada.June9–12, 2008 in SIGMOD’08, Vancouver, BC, Canad 2. X.Yin, J.Han, and P.S.Yu.Linkclus: Efficient clustering via heterogeneous semantic links. In VLDB’06, Seoul, Korea, Sept. 2006 3. DBLP. http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/ ley/db/.The dblp computer science bibliography 4. Xi. Yin, Ji. Han, and Ph. S. Yu. Truth discovery with multiple conflicting information providers on the web. In KDD’07, San Jose, CA, Aug. 2007 5. D. Xin, J. Han, H. Cheng, and X. Li. Answering top-k queries with multi-dimensional selection: The ranking cube approach. In VLDB’06 Seoul, Korea, Sept. 2006. 6. Y. Sun, J. Han, P. Zhao, Z. Yin, H. Cheng, and T. Wu. Rankclus: Integrating clustering with ranking for heterogeneous information network analysis. In EDBT’09, 2009. 7. Yizhou,Sun Yintao,Yu Jiawei Han: Ranking-Based Clustering of Heterogeneous Information Networks with Star Network Schema. KDD’09, June 28–July 1, 2009, Paris, France. 8. Chengkai Li, Mohamed A. Soliman, Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang, Ihab F. Ilyas: RankSQL: Supporting Ranking Queries in Relational Database Management Systems 9. Arun K. Pujari: Data Mining Techniques, Universities Press, Computer Science Book. 10. Max Bramer: Principles of Data Mining Book , Springer. 11. Jiawei Han : Data Mining Concepts and Techniques Book . University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Micheline Kamber Authors: Ashwini Waoo, Swati Khare, Sujata Ganguly Unconventional Plant-based Remediation Technologies for Soil pollution at Contaminated Sites in Paper Title: Bhopal Abstract: The purpose of this study was to emphasize the Vegetation-enhanced bioremediation or phytoremediation plan for the surroundings of industrial area of Bhopal. This regions contain many industries and therefore there is a big risk of environmental pollution which is very hazardous to our health. Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soils is potentially hazardous to human and livestock health. Excessive accumulations also present the risks of elevated heavy metal uptake by crops which could affect food quality and safety. Conventional remediation technologies are used to clean the vast majority of metal-polluted sites but they also tend to be clumsy, costly, and disruptive to the surrounding environment. In contrast, plants are known to sequester certain metal elements in their tissues and may prove useful in the removal of metals from contaminated soils. Over the past decade there has been increasing interest for the development of plant-based remediation technologies which have the potential to be low-cost, low-impact, visually benign, & environmentally sound, a concept called phytoremediation. Efforts should be made for dense vegetation of heavy metal bioaccumulation plants at the industrially contaminated sites. So that they reduce pollution and also give eco friendly aesthetic sense to enhance the beauty of the Bhopal city. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site must be compulsory condition to setup or run a specific industry because this remediation method is an aesthetically pleasing, solar-energy driven, passive technique that can be used to clean up sites with shallow, low to moderate levels of contamination. This technique can be used along with or, in some cases, in place of mechanical cleanup methods. This paper attempted to provide a brief review on recent progresses in research and practical applications of phytoremediation for soil. Numerous plant species have been identified and tested for their traits in the uptake and accumulation of different heavy metals. Mechanisms of metal uptake at whole plant and cellular levels have been investigated. Progresses have been made in the mechanistic and practical application aspects of phytoremediation. They were reviewed and reported in this paper
Keywords: Phytoremediation, Heavy Metals, Soil pollution, Contaminated Site, Phytoextraction, Rhizofiltration, 9. phytostabilization, phytovolatilization
References: 41-44 1. Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of Contaminants (Environmental Science & Technology: A Wiley Interscience Series of Texts and Monographs); McCutcheon, S.C., Schnoor, J.L., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: 2. United States Protection Agency Reports (2000): Introduction to Phytoremediation. – EPA 600/R-99/107. 3. Chaudhry, T.M., Hayes, W.J., Khan, A.G. and Khoo, C.S. (1998): Phytoremediation - focusing on accumulator plants that remediate metalcontaminated soils. – Austraaslian Journal of Ecotoxicology. 4; 37-51. 4. Mueller, B., Rock, S., Gowswami, Dib, Ensley, D. (1999): Phytoremediation Decision Tree. – Prepared by - Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation Work Group 5. Anon. 1997. Phytoremediation Becoming Quite "Poplar". The Hazardous Waste Consultant 15(3):1.16-1.20 (May-June 1997). 6. Raskin, I. and Ensley, B. D. (2000): Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: Using Plants to Clean Up the Environment. – John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 7. Dushenkov, S., Vasudev, D., Kapolnik, Y., Gleba, D., Fleisher, D., Ting K. C. and Ensley, B. (1997): Environmental Science and Technology. 31(12); 3468- 76. 8. Gerhardt, K.E.; Huang, X.-D.; Glick, B.R.; Greenberg, B.M. Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation of organic soil contaminants; Potential and challenges. Plant Sci. 9. Pilon-Smits, E.A.H. Phytoremediation. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2005, 56, 15-39. 10. Abia, A. A., Horsfall, M., & Didi, O. (2003). The use of chemically modified and unmodified cassava waste for the removal of Cd, Cu and Zn ions from aqueous solution. Bioresource Technology, 90, 345–348. 11. Adriano, D. C., Wenzel, W. W., Vangronsveld, J., & Bolan, N. S. (2004). Role of assisted natural remediation in environmental cleanup. Geoderma, 122, 121–142. 12. Albasel, N., & Cottenie, A. (1985). Heavy metal contamination near major highways, industrial and urban areas in Belgium grassland. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 24, 103–109. 13. Al-Chalabi, A. S., & Hawker, D. (2000). Distribution of vehicular lead in roadside soils of major roads of Brisbane, 14. Prabha K. Padmavathiamma & Loretta Y. Li Phytoremediation Technology: Hyper-accumulation of Metals in Plants Received: 13 October 2006 / Accepted: 1 April 2007 / Published online: 22 May 2007 15. WHO (1997). Health and environment in sustainable development. Geneva: WHO 16. Morikawa, H., Erkin, O.C.(2003). Basic processes in phytoremediation and some applications to air pollution control. Chemosphere 52(9):1553–1558. 17. Champion: Stuart Lunn, Ph.D. Imperial Oil Resources R&D Providers: R.E. Farrell, Ph.D. & J.J. Germida, Ph.D. Assessment of Phytoremediation as an In-Situ Technique for Cleaning Oil Contaminated Sites 18. Cummingham, S. D. Kruger, E. L. Anderson, T. and Coasts, J. R. 1997). Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water. ACS Symposium Series 604. American Society, Washington, DC.23pp. 19. Ross SM (1994). Toxic Metal in Soil–Plant Systems. Wiley, Chichester. 20. Benavides, M.P., Gallego, S.M and Tomaro, M.L, 2005. Cadmium toxicity in plants.Braz. J Plant Physiol., 17: 21-34. 21. Hrishikesh Upadhyaya1, Sanjib Kumar Panda2, Mrinal Kanti Bhattacharjee1 and Sakhi Dutta1 “Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in heavy metal tolerance in plants: prospects for phytoremediation”. 22. Streit B., Strumm W., Chemical properties of metals and the process of bioaccumulation in terrestrial plants, in Plants as Biomonitors, in: Indicators for Heavy Metals in the Terrestial Environment, VCH, Weinheim, 381, 1993. 23. Pollard AJ, Powell KD, Harper FA, Smith JAC. The genetic basis of metal hyperaccumulation in plants. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 2002; 21(6): 539–566. doi: 10.1080/0735-260291044359. Authors: K. Prahlada Rao, D. P Girish, M. Krishna, Madhu. B. V Paper Title: Thermal Mismatch Stresses in a Metal Matrix Composite - A Finite Element Analysis Abstract: The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of aluminum and aluminum/Al2O3 metal matrix composites (MMCs) are measured using a dilatometer and analysis of residual thermal stresses by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The MMCs were prepared by liquid metallurgy technique for varying percentages of reinforcement in steps of 0, 5, 10, and 15% by weight. The CTE is expected to vary with relative residual strains which in turn are dependent on the percentage of reinforcement when cooled from 500 C to room temperature. The experimental CTE values were compared with developed model. FEA has been used to investigate the distribution of residual thermal stresses in the interfacial region. The result indicates that the properties of the interfacial region affect the stress distribution.
Keywords: Al 6061, CTE, FEA, Liquid Metallurgy, TMA
References: 1. P. K. Rohatgi, N. Gupta, & Simon Alaraj, “Thermal expansion of aluminum–fly ash cenosphere composites synthesized by pressure 10. infiltration technique,” Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 40, No. 13, 2006, pp. 1163-1174. 2. Beffort. O, Vaucher. S, Khalid F. A, “On the thermal and chemical stability of diamond during processing of Al/diamond composites by liquid metal infiltration (squeeze casting),” Diam Relat Mater, Vol. 13, 2004, pp.1834–43. 45-51 3. C. Edtmaier, T. Steck, R.C. Hula, L. Pambaguian, F. Hepp, “Thermo-physical properties and TEM analysis of silver based MMCs utilizing metalized multiwall-carbon nanotubes,” Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 70, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 783-788. 4. K. Prakasan, S. Palaniappan, S. Seshan, “Thermal expansion characteristics of cast Cu based metal matrix composites,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 28, Issue 12, 1997, pp. 1019-1022. 5. Q. Fang, P.S. Sidky, M.G. Hocking, J.Y. Zhang, “Cracking behavior of carbon coating on SiC fibre and residual stresses in Ti/SiC MMCs,” Surface and Coatings Technology, Volumes 100-101, March 1998, pp. 264-270. 6. M. M. Aghdam, A. Kamalikhah, “Micromechanical analysis of layered systems of MMCs subjected to bending effects of thermal residual stresses,”Composite Structures, Vol. 66, Issues1-4, December 2004, pp. 563-569. 7. Francis Delannay, “Thermal stresses and thermal expansion in MMCs,” Comprehensive Composite Materials, Vol. 3, 2000, pp. 341-369. 8. S. Skirl, M. Hoffman, K. Bowman, S. Wiederhorn, and J. Rodel: Acta. Mater., Vol. 46, 1998, pp.2493. 9. D. K. Balch, T. J. Fitzgerald, V. J. Michaud, A. Mortensen, Y. L. Shen, and S. Suresh: Metall. Trans., Vol. 27A, 1996, pp.3070. 10. S. C. Sharma, B. M. Satish, B. M. Girish, Rathnakar Kamath, and Hiroshi Asanuma: Tribology International, Vol.31, No.4, (1998), pp.183. 11. M. Hoffman, S. Skirl, W. Pompe, J. Rödel, “Thermal residual strains and stresses in Al2O3/Al composites with interpenetrating networks,” Acta Materialia, Vol. 47, Issue 2, 15 January 1999, pp. 565-577. 12. Z. R. Xu, K. K. Chawla, R. Mitra, M. E., “Fine effect of particle size on the thermal expansion of TiCAl XD™ composites ,” Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 31, Issue 11, 1 December 1994, pp. 1525-1530. 13. Denoath, Ramnarayan, K. Pradeep, and Rohatgi: Jour. of Mat. Sci. Vol. 1024, 1981, pp.3026. 14. S. Elomari, M. D. Skibo, Sundarajan, and D. Richards: Comp. Sci. and Tech., Vol. 58, 1998, pp.369. Authors: Anubhuti Khare, Manish Saxena, Shweta Tiwari Paper Title: Multimedia networks based Dynamic WCDMA System Proposal for QoS Abstract: In WCDMA 3rd Generation (3G) systems although there is no need for frequency planning as the case with second generation (2G) systems, the limitation of both capacity and coverage by the interference level in the system rendered the planning task for 3G systems far more complex than 2G systems. As the 3G radio networks now more sensitive to radio environment and traffic conditions, the advantage of dropping frequency planning could be cumbersome due to difficulties linked to what is called Cell-Breathing Phenomenon (CBP). In this work we propose a Dynamic WCDMA system that adjusts the spreading factor adaptively to overcome this problem. The simulation design will have the output of mapping the network load in terms of the number of users to the Eb/N0 required; this will give the network controller an idea about the number and type of users that may cause coverage to shrink i.e. start cell breathing. Therefore the network controller will be able to decide on the number and type of users admitted to the network at specific times.
Keywords: D-WCDMA, Coverage, cell breathing, Multimedia services
11. References: 1. O. Alani and H. Ali, “Power control scheme to combat cell breathing phenomenon in 3G mobile systems”, Int. J. Mobile Network Design 52-55 and Innovation, vol. 1, Nos. 3/4, pp.234-239, 2006. 3. M. Al-Akaidi, H. Ali, and O. Alani,”Performance analysis of antenna sectorisation in cell breathing”, MESM03, IEEE UKRI SPC, Publisher EUROSIS, January, 2003. 4. F. Adachi, M. Sawahashi, and H. Suda, “Wideband DS-CDMA for next generation mobile communication systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 36, pp. 56–69, Sept. 1998. 5. E. Dahlman, B. Gudmundson, M. Nilsson, and J. Skold, “UMTS/IMT-2000 based on wideband CDMA,” IEEE Communications Mag., vol. 36, pp. 70–81, Sept. 1998. 6. K. Tutschku, , K. Leibnitz, and T-G Phuoc, () ‘Teletraffic issues in mobile communication network planning’, Presented at the 11th ITC Specialised Seminar on Multimedia and Nomadic Communications, Japan., October, 1998. 7. S. Saunders, ‘Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems’, John Wiley& Sons, 1999. 8. I. Siomina, P. Värbrand, and Di Yuan, “Automated optimization of service coverage and Base Station antenna configuration in UMTS networks,” IEEE Communications Mag., vol. 13, Dec., pp.. 16–25, 2006. 10. E. Amaldi,; A. Capone; F. Malucelli, “Optimizing UMTS radio coverage via base station configuration,” Proc. The 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, vol. 1 pp. 315 – 319, 2002. 11. Y.C. Yee, K.N. Choong, Andy L.Y. Low, S.W. Tan and S.F. Chien “A conservative approach to adaptive call admission control for QoS provisioning in multimedia wireless networks” 12. Elsevier Computer Communications, Vol. 30, pp 249-260, 2007. 13. F. Prihandoko, M.H. Habaebi, B.M. Ali () “Adaptive call admission control for QoS provisioning in multimedia wireless networks”, Elsevier Computer Communications, Vol. 26, pp 1560 Authors: Basil Hamed, Walid Issa Paper Title: A Modified Internal Model Control for Unstable – Time Delayed System Abstract: A new approach of control design of internal model controller is proposed in this paper. The proposed design method focuses on modifying the old general structure of IMC and develops a new model structure while saving the same general concept of using the invertible version of the system in the controller design. The new approach combines the IMC structure and the traditional structure of a control problem and this demonstrates an excellent performance and behavior against different disturbance inputs and model uncertainty presented in model parameter mismatch. Beside that a smith predictor is added to promote the design to compensate the delayed time systems. Also a proposed stabilizer has mentioned to deal with unstable systems.
Keywords: IMC, Unstable, Time Delay, Pendulum System, Smith predictor.
References: 12. 1. Jeffrey E. Arbogast, Douglas J. Cooper. “Extension of IMC tuning correlations for non-self regulating processes”. ISA Transactions, 2007, 46(4), 303-311. 2. Garcia, C. E. and Morari, M., “Internal Model Control - Unifying Review and Some New Results”, Industrial Engineering Chemical 56-62 Process Design and Development, vol. 21,1982. 3. Scott A. Geddes , Thesis, “Internal Model Control (IMC) of a Fruit Drying System”, University of Southern Queensland,2006. 4. Jiliang Shang, Guangguang Wang, “Application Study on Internal Model Control in Boiler Burning System”, 2010. 5. Caifen Fu, Wen Tan, “Active control of combustion instability via IMC”, 2008. 6. JIN Qi-bing，FENG Chun-lei，LIU Ming-Xin, “Fuzzy IMC for Unstable Systems with Time Delay” IEEE Pacific-Asia Workshop on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application, 2008. 7. Wen Tan, Horacio J. Marquez, Tongwen Chen, “IMC design for unstable processes with time delays”,2003, accessed on: April 2011, Online: http://dsp.vscht.cz/konference_matlab/MATLAB09/prispevky/035_hanta.pdf . 8. Kou Yamada, “Modified Internal Model Control for unstable systems”, Proceedings of the 7th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED99) Haifa, Israel - June 28-30, 1999 9. Smith, O. J. M., “Closer Control of Loops with Dead Time” Chem. Eng. Progress, 1975. 10. Byronic company, “Pendulum system model manual”, 2001, accessed on: April 2011, online: http://www.lehigh.edu/inconsy/lab/experiments/PCS_Manual.pdf . 11. M. Shamsuzzohal, Moonyong Lee, “IMC Based Control System Design of PID Cascaded Filter”, SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference, 2006. Authors: Pramodini DV, AG Ananth, HM Mahesh Paper Title: Study of the Performance of 3x3 MIMO Transmission System Using MMSE and Ml Detectors Abstract: Analysis of full-rate linear and space-time block code for 3X3 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems under a Rayleigh flat-fading environment has been carried out. The design targets specifically use a Linear Minimum Mean-square Error (MMSE) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) receivers which minimizes the average Symbol error rate (SER) for a QPSK transmitted signal. The optimization problem is solved by minimizing a lower bound of the SER. The performance of MIMO systems has been studied by changing the number of transmitters and receivers. A comparison has been made between MMSE and ML receivers in terms SER as a function of SNR. The simulation results show that the higher MIMO system exhibits a SNR~4 dB improvement for ML receiver in comparison to linear MMSE receiver.
Keywords: MIMO, MMSE, ML, QPSK, SER, SNR.
13. References: 1. Enhanced detection with new ordering schemes for V-BLAST systems by Sang-Rim Lee Seok-Hwan Park Sung Won Kim Inkyu Lee Sch. 63-66 of Electr. Eng., Korea Univ., Seoul in Communications, IEEE Transactions on, June 2009, Issue: 6, 1648 – 1651. 2. On the Design of Minimum BER Linear Space-Time Block Codes for MIMO Systems Equipped With MMSE Receivers Jing Liu; Jian- Kang Zhang; Wong, K.M.; Dept. of Electr. &Comput. Eng., McMaster Univ.,Hamilton, Ont. In Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on Aug. 2006, Volume: 54 Issue:8, 3147 - 3158 3. Spatial Modulation - A New Low Complexity Spectral Efficiency Enhancing Technique Mesleh, R. Haas, H. Chang Wook Ahn Sangboh Yun Sch. of Eng. & Sci., Int. Univ. Bremen in Communications and Networking in China, 2006. ChinaCom '06. First International Conference on 25-27 Oct. 2006, 1 – 5, Beijing, 10 April 207. 4. Performance Analysis of M X N Equalizer Based Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Receiver for MIMO Wireless Channel N.Sathish Kumar and Dr.K.R.Shankar Kumar, 2011. International Journal of Computer Applications 16(7):47–50, doi: 10.5120/2021-2726. 5. Uniform channel decomposition for MIMO communications, Y. Jiang, J. Li, and W. Hager, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 53, pp. 4283-4294, November 2005. 6. Probability of error in MMSE multiuser detection, H. V. Poor and S. Verdu, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 43, pp. 858- 871, May 1997. 7. On the diversity multiplexing for ordered SIC receivers over MIMO channels, H. Zhang, H. Dai, Q. Zhou, and B. L. Hughes, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Istanbul, Turkey, June 2006. Authors: Manish Kansal, Hardeep Singh Saini, Dinesh Arora Paper Title: Designing & FPGA Implementation of IIR Filter Used for detecting clinical information from ECG Abstract: This paper describes an approach to design and implementation of digital filter algorthims based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).The advantages of FPGA approach to digital filter implementation include 14. higher sampling rates than are available from traditional DSP chips, lower cost than ASIC for moderate volume applications An ECG is a simple and useful test which records the rhythm and electrical activity of the heart of the 67-72 patient that suffers from any heart disease While recording ECG signal it gets corrupted due to different noise interferences and artefacts. Noise and interference are usually large enough to obscure small amplitude features of the ECG hat are of physiological or clinical interest. The bandwidth of the noise overlaps that of wanted signals, so that simple filtering cannot sufficiently enhance the signal to noise ratio...We have used MATLAB for this purpose as it is the most advanced tool for DSP applications. Also it helps to verify the design and results that comes from the hardware.
Keywords: FIR, IIR, FPGA,Mat lab, VHDL.
References: 1. ShanthalaS, S.Y.Kulkarni, “High speed and low power FPGA Implementation for DSP applications”,European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X, vol. 31, no.1 , pp. 19-28, November 2009. 2. Maheshs.Chavan,AGARWALA,“Comparative Study of Chebyshev I And Chebyshev II Filter used For Noise Reduction in ECG Signal”, International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing Issue 1,vol. 2, December 2008. 3. Appealed and B. Liu. “A New Hardware Realization of Digital Filters”, IEETrans. On Acoust. Speech, Signal Process., vol. 22, pp. 456- 462, December 2007. 4. Mahesh S. Chavan, R.A. Agarwala, M.D. Uplane,”Application of Chebyshev II digital filter for noise reduction in ECG Signal”, WSEAStransactions on Circuits and Systems,vol. 4, no.10, pp. 1260-1267, Oct 2005. 5. X. Hu, L. S. DeBrunner, and V. DeBrunner, “An efficient design for FIR filters with Variable precision”, IEEE Int. Symp. On Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, pp. 365-368, May 2002. 6. S. C. Chan, W. Liu, and K. L. Ho.,“Multiplier less perfect reconstruction Modulate filterbanks with sum-of-powers-of-two coefficients”, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 163-166, June 2001. 7. Christov II., “Dynamic power line interference subtraction from biosignals”, J Med Technology, vol. 24, pp. 169-172, July2000. 8. Y. C. Lim, R. Yang, D. Li and J. Song., “Signed-power-of-two term allocation scheme for the design of digital filters”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, vol. 46, pp. 577-584, May 1999. 9. Sanjit K. Mitra James F Kaiser, “Handbook for Digital Signal Processing”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1993. 10. VHDL, Douglas L. Perry, Second Edition, McGraw Hill, 1993. 11. Escalon OJ, Mitchell RH, BaldersonDE, Harron DW, “Fast and reliable QRS alignment technique for high frequency analysis of signal- averaged ECG”, Med Biology Suppl, pp. 137-146, october1993. 12. Yi-Shang, Hemet al., “P-wave detection by an adaptive QRS-T cancellation technique”, IEEE. Friesen GM, Jannett TC, Jadallah MA, 1987. Authors: Sandeep Patil, Shailendra Dewangan Neural Network-based Offline Handwritten Signature Verification System using Hu’s Moment Paper Title: Invariant Analysis Abstract: Handwritten signatures are considered as the most natural method of authenticating a person’s identity (compared to other biometric and cryptographic forms of authentication). The learning process inherent in Neural Networks (NN) can be applied to the process of verifying handwritten signatures that are electronically captured via a stylus. This paper presents a method for verifying handwritten signatures by using NN architecture. Various static (e.g., area covered, number of elements, height, slant, etc.) [1] and dynamic (e.g., velocity, pen tip pressure, etc.) signature features are extracted and used to train the NN [2]. Several Network topologies are tested and their accuracy is compared. Although the verification process can be thought to as a monolith component, it is recommended to divide it into loosely coupled phases (like preprocessing, feature extraction, feature matching, feature comparison and classification) allowing us to gain a better control over the precision of different components. This paper focuses on classification, the last phase in the process, covering some of the most important general approaches in the field. Each approach is evaluated for applicability in signature verification, identifying their strength and weaknesses. It is shown, that some of these weak points are common between the different approaches and can partially be eliminated with our proposed solutions. To demonstrate this, several local features are introduced and compared using different classification approaches.
Keywords: Handwritten Signature Verification (HSV), Hu’s moment invariants, Neural Networks (NN), offline, Signature Recognition, etc.
15. References: 1. Bence Kovari, Benedek Toth, Hassan Charaf, “Classification Approaches in Off-Line Handwritten Signature Verification”, WDET Transactions on Mathematics ,Issue 9, Volume 8, September 2009, p.p. 500-509 73-79 2. Dr. S.A Daramola and Prof. T.S Ibiyemi, “Efficient on-line signature verification system”, International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 10 No: 04, p.p. 48-52 3. M. R. Teaque, "Image Analysis via the General Theory of Moments," Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 70, pp. 920-930, 1980. 4. S. N. Srihari, A. Xu, and M. K. Kalera, "Learning Strategies and Classification Methods for Off-line Signature Verification," Proceedings of the 9th Int’l Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR-9 2004), 2004. 5. W. Nelson, W. Turin, T. Hastie, “Statistical methods for on-line signature verification,” International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 8, 1994 6. A. Alizadeh, T. Alizadeh, Z. Daei, “Optimal Threshold Selection for Online Verification of Signature”, Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010, Vol.I, p.p. 17-21, IMECS 2010 7. G. F. Russell and A. B. Jianying Hu, "Dynamic Signature Verification Using Discriminative Training," in Proceedings of the 2005 Eight International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR’05), 2005. 8. Y. S. Abu-Mostafa and D. Psaltis, "Recognitive Aspects of Moment Invariants," Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PAMI-6, pp. 698-706, 1984. 9. Mr. Bhupendra M. Chaudhari, Mr. Atul A. Barhate, Mrs. Anita A. Bhole: Signature Recognition Using Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network: Proceeding of International conference of Control Automation Communication & Energy Conversation, pp- 242-249, (ISBN 978-81-8424-439). 10. W. Nelson and E. Kishon, Use of Dynamic Features for Signature Verification, in Proceedings of the 1991 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 1, Charlottesville, Virginia, pp. 201-205, October 1991. 11. V.A. Baradi, H.B. Kakere, “Offline Signature Recognition System”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887) Vol.1, p.p. 48-56, 2010 12. Ronny Martens, Luc Claesen, “On- Line Signature Verification by Dynamic Time-Warping”, IEEE Proceedings of ICPR'96, 1996 13. J.R. Parkar, “Simple Distances Between Handwritten Signatures”, Laboratory for Computer Vision, Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary 14. Alexandra Boldyreva, “Efficient threshold signature, multi-signature and blind signature schemes based on the Gap-Diffie-Hellman- group signature scheme”, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA, 2002 Quen-Zong Wu, I-Chang Joe, and Suh-Yin Lee, “On-Line Signature Verification Using LPC Cepstrum and Neural Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, 27(1):148-153, 1997. 15. Olaf Henniger, Katrin Franke, “Biometric user authentication on smart cards by means of handwritten signatures”, Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Telecooperation Rheinstr, Darmstadt, Germany Amac Herdagdelen, Ethem Alpaydm “Dynamic Alignment Distance Based Online Signature Verification”, 13th Turkish Symposium on Artificial Intelligence & Artificial Neural Networks, Izmir, Turkey, p.p. 119-127, June 2004 16. G. K. Gupta, “The State of the Art in On-line Handwritten Signature Verification”, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Building 75 Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, May, 2006 17. Pave1 Mautner, Ondrej Rohlik, Vaclav Matousek, Juergen Kempp, “Signature Verification Using ART-2 Neural Network”, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Neural information Processing (ICONIP'OZ) ,2: 636-639, 2002 18. J. F. Boyce and W. J. Hossack, “Moment Invariants for Pattern Recognition," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 1, pp. 451-456, 1983. 19. A. Jain, F. Griess and S. Connell, “On-line signature Verification: Pattern Recognition”, WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics, Issue 9, Volume 8, 2010 20. H. Ming-Kuei, "Visual pattern recognition by moment invariants," Information Theory, IRE Transactions, vol. 8, pp. 179-187, 1962. Authors: Kavita Mahajan, M. R. Vargantwar, Sangita M. Rajput Paper Title: Classification of EEG using PCA, ICA and Neural Network Abstract: The processing and analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) within a proposed framework has been carried out with DWT for decomposition of the signal into its frequency sub-bands and a set of statistical features was extracted from the sub-bands to represent the distribution of wavelet coefficients. Reduction of the dimension of the data is done with the help of Principal component analysis and Independent components analysis. Then these features were used as an input to a neural network for classification of the data as normal or otherwise. The performance of classification process due to different methods is presented and compared to show the excellent of classification process. These findings are presented as an example of a method for training, and testing a normal and abnormal prediction method on data from individual petit mal epileptic patients.
Keywords: ANN. DWT, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Independent components analysis (ICA), Principal component analysis (PCA),
16. References: 1. Subasi A., M. Ismail Gursoy (2010) EEG signal classification using PCA, ICA, LDA and support vector machines Expert Systems with Applications ,37 ,8659–8666. 80-83 2. Adeli, H., Zhou, Z., & Dadmehr, N. (2003). Analysis of EEG records in an epileptic patient using wavelet transform. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 123, 69–87. 3. Andrzejak, R. G., Lehnertz, K., Mormann, F., Rieke, C., David, P., & Elger, C. E. (2001). Indications of nonlinear deterministic and finite- dimensional structures in timeseries of brain electrical activity: Dependence on recording region and brain state. Physical Review E, 64, 061907. 4. Bronzino, J. D. (2000). Principles of electroencephalography (2nd ed.). In J. D. 5. Bronzino (Ed.). The biomedical engineering handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC. 6. Cao, L. J., Chua, K. S., Chong, W. K., Lee, H. P., & Gu, Q. M. (2003). A comparison of PCA, KPCA and ICA for dimensionality reduction in support vector machine. Neurocomputing, 55, 321–336. 7. D’Alessandro, M., Esteller, R., Vachtsevanos, G., Hinson, A., Echauz, A., & Litt, B. (2003). Epileptic seizure prediction using hybrid feature selection over multiple intracranial EEG electrode contacts: A report of four patients. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 50(5), 603–615. 8. Duda, R. O., Hart, P. E., & Strok, D. G. (2001). Pattern classification (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. 9. Semmlow, J. L. (2004). Biosignal and biomedical image processing: MATLAB-based applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.. 10. Hyvärinen A. and Oja E., (1997) A fast fixed-point algorithm for independent component analysis, Neural Computing, 9, 1483–1492. 11. Subasi, A. (2007). Application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for epileptic seizure detection using wavelet feature extraction. Expert Systems with Applications, 32, 227–244 Authors: Anubhuti Khare, Manish Saxena, Jagdish Patel Paper Title: FPGA Based Efficient Implementation of Viterbi Decoder Abstract: It is well known that data transmissions over wireless channels are affected by attenuation, distortion, interference and noise, which affect the receiver’s ability to receive correct information. Convolutional encoding with Viterbi decoding is a powerful method for forward error detection and correction. It has been widely deployed in many wireless communication systems to improve the limited capacity of the communication channels. In this paper, we present a Spartan XC3S400A Field-Programmable Gate Array efficient implementation of Viterbi Decoder with a constraint length of 3 and a code rate of 1/3. The Viterbi Decoder is compatible with many common standards, such as DVB, 3GPP2, 3GPP LTE, IEEE 802.16, Hiperlan, and Intelsat IESS-308/309.
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Keywords: Distributed routing, Interconnection networks, NoC, SoC.
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