DOCSLIB.ORG

Baptisms of Fire: How Training, Equipment, and Ideas About the Nation Shaped the British, French, and German Soldiers' Experiences of War in 1914

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Baptisms of Fire: How Training, Equipment, and Ideas About the Nation Shaped the British, French, and German Soldiers' Experiences of War in 1914 BAPTISMS OF FIRE: HOW TRAINING, EQUIPMENT, AND IDEAS ABOUT THE NATION SHAPED THE BRITISH, FRENCH, AND GERMAN SOLDIERS' EXPERIENCES OF WAR IN 1914 Chad R. Gaudet A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2009 Committee: Dr. Douglas J. Forsyth, Advisor Dr. Nathan Richardson Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Stephen G. Fritz Dr. Beth A. Griech-Polelle ii ABSTRACT Dr. Douglas J. Forsyth, Advisor Training, equipment, and ideas about the nation shaped the British, French, and German soldiers’ experiences of war in 1914. Though current scholarship contained works that examined each of those topics separately or in combination, little research investigated the connection in a comparative model from the perspective of the soldiers. This work analyzed the British, French, and German soldiers of World War I during the initial phase (August--November 1914). This critical period of the war proved an excellent way to test these ideas. The project relied heavily on combatants’ personal accounts, which included archival sources. The troopers experience with initial combat served as a test. How those soldiers reacted suggested the connections with training, equipment, and ideas about the nation. The results supported the theory that the professionalism of the British soldier and the French soldier’s devotion to nation and comrade outweighed the German Army’s reliance on both equipment and the doctrine of winning at all costs. Nationalism, equipment, and training influenced soldiery. German equipment provided an edge, but it was not enough. Not only did nationalist sentiment among soldiers exist at the beginning of World War I, three different conceptions of nationalism were present. British and especially French nationalism proved stronger than the German variety, as demonstrated by the ordeal of combat. Professionalism in soldiery mattered; the British proved this point. A British nation existed, and it included soldiers of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Ideas about the nation as well as training led to success, but they also led to atrocities. Such was the case of the German Army. Camaraderie played no small role in the war-time experiences of all three combatants. iii Larger conclusions stemmed from this work. Dissimilar ideas about the nation influenced soldiers differently. Divergent types of training experiences yielded distinct results. Camaraderie proved to be the most important component of effective soldiery. Disadvantages in equipment had a negative impact on the psyche of soldiers. German barbarism demonstrated the dangers of nationalism as well as the mentality of winning at all costs. iv To those who shake off the albatross. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would sincerely like to thank my advisor and committee members for showing extreme patience with me and my work. Dr. Douglas J. Forsyth always pushed me to think bigger, and I cannot thank him enough for his insight and help. This attempted project serves as a testament to his inspiration. I also want to thank the rest of my committee members. Dr. Stephen G. Fritz, in many ways, influenced the area of my historical interest, and he always pushed me in my writing and research. Dr. Beth A. Griech-Polelle always proved helpful when I needed her advice, and her comments and suggestions bolstered my work. Dr. Nathan Richardson proved insightful as well, suggesting both revisions to consider as well as places to visit in Kansas. To all of you, I humbly offer my sincerest appreciation. Thank you. I would also like to offer gratitude to members of the faculty and staff at four institutions. I thank the people of Bowling Green State University who helped make this possible. In the Department of History, I want to express particular gratitude to DeeDee, Tina, and Dr. Ortiz, who all enabled me to keep the faith. I also thank Dorothy from the graduate college. To the history people at East Tennessee State University, you helped prepare me for this endeavor. To all the faculty and staff at Louisiana College, you helped make me the person I am today. And to the faculty and staff at Sterling College, I appreciate your support during my final stretch with this project. To librarians across the world, I am indebted. I thank the archivists at the Imperial War Museum for putting up with me on more than one occasion. For demonstrating patience with my limited French and German, I also want to thank the archivists at the Historial de la Grande Guerre in Péronne, the Bundesarchiv/Militarärchiv in Freiburg, and the Museum für Kommunikation in Berlin. I also offer gratitude to Valorie and the library staff at Sterling College, who kept my overdue library fines reasonable. vi To my family and friends, this work is an affirmation of your support. I thank my father and mother, who both encouraged my education. I thank my four siblings (Brenda, Beverly, Roger, and Jill) who helped make me the person I am today. I also give thanks to my Grandmother Jack and Aunt Evella, who I know are both smiling from above. For my friends, Riot, Doom, Joel, Ash, Scottie, Jonathon, Brian, and Russ, no words can describe how much your support has aided me over the years. Few people could be so lucky. I would also like to offer a special thanks to Jen. I do not know if I could have finished this project without her support. She helped bring out the best in me when I needed to be my best. Thanks to all the people who helped me during this quest. I may not have found the “holy grail,” but I did find myself. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION. THE DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE .................................................. 1 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 8 Historiography: A Study of Soldiers and War .......................................................... 11 CHAPTER ONE. THE CULTURE OF PREPARATION AND SOLDIERY ..................... 22 Math and Fire ............................................................................................................ 24 Though this was madness, was there method in it? ................................................... 36 To Fight or Not to Fight ............................................................................................. 43 Cohesion and Camaraderie ........................................................................................ 51 The Influence of Culture ............................................................................................ 61 CHAPTER TWO. NATIONALISM: TO BE OR NOT TO BE .......................................... 63 Definitions, Perceptions, and Modernity ................................................................... 63 A Product of Imagination? ............................................................................. 66 Connection with Modernity ........................................................................... 69 Not all Nations are Created Equally .......................................................................... 74 Importance of Culture .................................................................................... 76 Britain: Civil Engineering a Nation .............................................................. 80 France: From Divine Right to Frenchmen’s Rights ....................................... 86 Germany: Romancing the Volk .................................................................... 92 There was the rub! ..................................................................................................... 98 CHAPTER THREE. THE GERMAN SOLDIER: THE BRUTAL ROMANTIC .............. 101 Enthusiasm for German Romantic Nationalism ........................................................ 102 vi The Experience of Fire............................................................................................... 111 Reaction ............................................................................................................ 117 The Edge of Soldiery ................................................................................................. 135 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 159 CHAPTER FOUR. THE FRENCH SOLDIER: THE DEVOTED SCHIZOPHRENIC ..... 161 Enthusiasm ............................................................................................................ 161 The Romantic-Rational Soldier ................................................................................. 167 Conscription, Training, Discipline, and Camaraderie ............................................... 174 The Experience of Fire............................................................................................... 186 Reaction ............................................................................................................ 202 The Story of Marc Bloch ........................................................................................... 215 The Sympathy of Soldiery ......................................................................................... 220 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 225 CHAPTER FIVE. THE BRITISH ARMY: THE SENSE OF “BRITISHNESS” ............... 226 A Rose by any other Name ........................................................................................ 229 Varieties
Load more

Recommended publications
  • If You Shed a Tear Part 2
    “IF YOU SHED A TEAR" PART 2 Unveiling of the permanent Cenotaph in Whitehall by His Majesty King George V, 11 ovember 1920 THIS SECTIO COVERS THE PROFILES OF OUR FALLE 1915 TO 1917 “IF YOU SHED A TEAR" CHAPTER 9 1915 This was the year that the Territorial Force filled the gaps in the Regular’s ranks caused by the battles of 1914. They also were involved in new campaigns in the Middle East. COPPI , Albert Edward . He served as a Corporal with service number 7898 in the 1st Battalion of the Suffolk Regiment 84th Brigade, 28th Di vision Date of Death: 09/02/1915.His next of kin was given as Miss F. J. Coppin, of "Grasmere," Church Rd., Clacton -on-Sea, Essex. The CD "Soldiers Died in the Great War" shows that he was born in Old Heath & enlisted at Woolwich. Albert was entitled to the British War Medal and the Allied Victory Medal. He also earned the 1914-1915 Star At the outbreak of war, the 1st Battalion were in Khartoum, Sudan. On 20 ov 1907 they had set sail for Malta, arriving there on 27 ov. On 25 Ja n 1911 they went from Malta to Alexandria, arriving in Alexandria on 28 Jan. On 23 Jan 1912 they went from Alexandria to Cairo. In Feb 1914 they went from Cairo to Khartoum, where they were stationed at the outbreak of World War One. In Sept 1914 the 1st B attalion were ordered home, and they arrived in Liverpool on 23 Oct 1914. They then went to Lichfield, Staffs before going to Felixstowe on 17 ov 1914 (they were allotted to 28th Div under Major Gen E S Bulfin).
    [Show full text]
  • The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions
    Scholars Crossing History of Global Missions Center for Global Ministries 2009 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions Don Fanning Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist Recommended Citation Fanning, Don, "The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions" (2009). History of Global Missions. 3. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Global Ministries at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in History of Global Missions by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Middle Ages 500-1000 1 3 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions AD 500—1000 Introduction With the endorsement of the Emperor and obligatory church membership for all Roman citizens across the empire, Roman Christianity continued to change the nature of the Church, in stead of visa versa. The humble beginnings were soon forgotten in the luxurious halls and civil power of the highest courts and assemblies of the known world. Who needs spiritual power when you can have civil power? The transition from being the persecuted to the persecutor, from the powerless to the powerful with Imperial and divine authority brought with it the inevitable seeds of corruption. Some say that Christianity won the known world in the first five centuries, but a closer look may reveal that the world had won Christianity as well, and that, in much less time. The year 476 usually marks the end of the Christian Roman Empire in the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Rosaria Munson April 4Th, 1992 Half a Man's Worth": Popular Ideology
    ������������������������������ Half a Man's Worth": Popular Ideology about Slavery in Democratic Athens We see slavery as incompatible with democracy; the Athenians did not. What was their justification? Since slaves were not part of the polis, there is little coverage in our sources, but we can at least see what Athenians of the 5th and 4th centuries said about the institution of slavery and slaves. Homer's comment (via Odysseus' faithful slave Eumaeus) that "Zeus takes away half of a man's ����� (worth or excellence) once the day of slavery comes upon him" is the first explicit statement of the moral inferiority of a slave, though it is striking that the speaker is himself a slave who embodies ������ (nobleness, bravery). There was a universal acceptance of slavery as existing from the very beginning, but chattel slavery in Athens was relatively recent. As the rights of aristocrats spread in Athens to the middle and even lower classes, slaves increasingly filled the menial tasks, including public services, such as police, bookkeeping, cleaning the city. There were three or four private slaves per household, as domestics, farm laborers, or industrial laborers (used by the owner himself or rented out). A few rich men owned numerous slaves. Most rich men would have owned about fifty, but even the most modest household would have at least one. An Athenian without a slave (or the money to buy a slave - about the same price as a mule) argues in one text that he ought to get public assistance. Manumission was infrequent and slaves were treated much differently than free: a slave witness can give evidence only under torture since a slave cannot be trusted to tell the truth - especially against his master - except through torture.
    [Show full text]
  • JMU Overpowers Providence 94-74; Meet Buckeyes for Sunday Showdown Dukes Wrest CAA Title in See-Saw Game
    London: JMU students dd the town, Brit-style THURSDAY, MARCH 16, 1989 JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY VOL. 66 NO. 43 JMU overpowers Providence 94-74; meet Buckeyes for Sunday showdown By Eric Vazzana and 18 points and fueling a second half run John R. Craig that put the game away. staff writers Carolin Dchn-Duhr continued to play The big party got underway last night inspired ball on the inside as she at the Convocation Center as the JMU collected 24 points and grabbed nine women's basketball team spoiled the rebounds. Missy Dudley turned in her visiting Providence Friars' upset bid and usual steady game, chipping in with 20 cruised to a 94-74 victory. points and six rebounds. Dudley was also given the assignment of shutting JMU shot a blistering 60 percent down the Friars' primary outside threat from the field in the first half, including Tracy Lis. Lis shot a dismal four-for-14 going scven-for-seven to open the first and was ineffective all night. round of the NCAA women's basketball It was a JMU team effort in every tournament. The Dukes advance, to the phase of the game that left Providence second round of the tourney riding a head coach Bob Folcy searching for 12-game win streak and will face Ohio ways to stop the Dukes all night. State Sunday on the Buckeye's home What went wrong is James Madison court in Columbus, Ohio. shot, what, about 88 percent?" said JMU head coach Shclia Moorman felt Folcy. "We knew that Carolin her team would have to play medium Dehn-Duhr was a strong inside player, I tempo to win and play at "our usual knew that Dudley could shoot the intensity." jumper.
    [Show full text]
  • Fantassins Numero 32
    FANTASSINS NUMERO 32 > SOMMAIRE CONTENTS < Editorial du C.E.M.A.T. - Editorial by the C.G.S .................................................................................................................. Général d’armée Bertrand RACT-MADOUX 2 Mot du commandant de l’école de l’infanterie - Foreword by the Commander of the School of Infantry ...................................Général de division Hervé WATTECAMPS 5 DOSSIER SPÉCIAL : Le tir dans l’infanterie Le tir dans l’infanterie - Shooting in the infantry ................................................................................................................................................Général Eric RECULE 7 Raisonner le tir par la trame des feux - Considering fires from the perspective of weapon arrays ............................................... Lieutenant-colonel François MARIOTTI 12 Du parcours de tir collectif... à la manœuvre interarmes avec tirs - From live firing exercises to live firing combined-arms manoeuvres ............... Colonel Marc CHRISTY 16 L’entraînement au tir au sein du bataillon d’Acier - Shooting practice with the « Steel battalion » ......................................................Lieutenant-colonel Christophe RICHARD 20 L’emploi du SGTIA dans le cadre d’une manœuvre interarmes à tirs réel : l’exercice CERCES Employing a company group (CG) during a combined arms manoeuvre with live fires : FTX CERCES .........................................Lieutenant-colonel Louis-Marie VALLANCON 28 Le tir dans l’infanterie britannique - Shooting in the British
    [Show full text]
  • The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
    Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Division in France
    A- * IX * The First Division in France “We hadn’t even been trained in squads left and squads right.” HERE had been exultation in France when General TPershing and his staff arrived early in June. At last the Americans had come. Parisians lined the streets and showered roses on the open staff cars in which the General and his officers rode from the station to their hote1.l Pershing, erect and dignified, assured in manner and with a “fine sense of the dramatic,” looked like the military savior that every Frenchman wished to believe he was. Within days of his arrival his chief of staff thought that he had “captured the fickle Paris crowd at any rate.” France was impatient and wanted not the promise of even- tual victory but a miracle of immediate deliverance. France was desperate. On April 16 General Robert Nivelle, newly appointed French commander-in-chief, had launched an offensive with twenty-seven divisions against the German lines along the Aisne. Both army and nation were led to believe the attack would break the long stalemate and end the war. It failed. The Germans were ready for it, and the French command lost confidence even be- fore the guns opened fire. There was no breakthrough, only more French casualties, some ninety-five thousand, of which some fifteen thousand were dead. So shattered was the morale of the 146 Education of a General disappointed army that mutiny infected sixteen corps. Nivelle was replaced by General Philippe P&tain,who in time, by a com- bination of toughness and understanding, would put the army back together again.
    [Show full text]
  • The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions
    Center for Basque Studies Basque Classics Series, No. 6 The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions by Philippe Veyrin Translated by Andrew Brown Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada This book was published with generous financial support obtained by the Association of Friends of the Center for Basque Studies from the Provincial Government of Bizkaia. Basque Classics Series, No. 6 Series Editors: William A. Douglass, Gregorio Monreal, and Pello Salaburu Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 http://basque.unr.edu Copyright © 2011 by the Center for Basque Studies All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover and series design © 2011 by Jose Luis Agote Cover illustration: Xiberoko maskaradak (Maskaradak of Zuberoa), drawing by Paul-Adolph Kaufman, 1906 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Veyrin, Philippe, 1900-1962. [Basques de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre. English] The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre : their history and their traditions / by Philippe Veyrin ; with an introduction by Sandra Ott ; translated by Andrew Brown. p. cm. Translation of: Les Basques, de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “Classic book on the Basques of Iparralde (French Basque Country) originally published in 1942, treating Basque history and culture in the region”--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-877802-99-7 (hardcover) 1. Pays Basque (France)--Description and travel. 2. Pays Basque (France)-- History. I. Title. DC611.B313V513 2011 944’.716--dc22 2011001810 Contents List of Illustrations..................................................... vii Note on Basque Orthography.........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Combat Infantrymen
    1st Cavalry Division Association Non-Profit Organization 302 N. Main St. US. Postage PAID Copperas Cove, Texas 76522-1703 West, TX 76691 Change Service Requested Permit No. 39 SABER Published By and For the Veterans of the Famous 1st Cavalry Division VOLUME 69 NUMBER 4 Website: www.1CDA.org JULY / AUGUST 2020 This has been a HORSE DETACHMENT by CPT Siddiq Hasan, Commander THE PRESIDENT’S CORNER year different from We thundered into the summer change of command season with a cavalry Allen Norris any other for most of charge for 3rd ABCT’s change of command at the end of June. Our new First (704) 483-8778 us. By the time you Sergeant was welcomed into the ranks at the beginning of July at a key time in [email protected] read this Cathy and I our history with few public events taking place due to COVID-19 but a lot of will have moved into foundational training taking place. We have taken this opportunity to conduct temporary housing. Sometime ago Cathy and I talked about the need to downsize. intensive horsemanship training for junior riders, green horses and to continue Until this year it was always something to consider later. In January we decided with facility improvements. The Troopers are working hard every day while that it was time. We did not want to be in a retirement community. We would like taking the necessary precautions in this distanced work environment to keep more diversity. Also, in those communities you have to pay for amenities that we themselves and the mounts we care for healthy.
    [Show full text]
  • ARC-EN-CIEL 2020 Schematique A2
    vers vers Libercourt 203 206 vers Lille 201 vers Villeneuve d'Ascq vers Valenciennes BREBIERES CORBEHEM COURCHELETTES LAMBRES Lille LEZ DOUAI 207 vers Orchies RÉSEAU D’AUTOCARS DOUAI COROT DES HAUTS-DE-FRANCE 320 325 ABSCON Lycée SECTEUR NORD Polyvalent 6 MariannesEscaudainPlace StadeMarceauClg Félicien1/4 de CitéJoly6 heures HeurteauEgliseCambrésisMerrheimSalle (Forge) BaudinCheminCollège LatéralGare Bayard duErnestine NordDenain311 Hôpital Place Gare de Somain CAMBRÉSIS-SOLESMOIS Cité BonDéchetterie secoursLe ParcPlace Citédes hérosBrisseRésidenceSupermarché MolièreFaconSalle rue du desGrand pont SportsPlace CarréAxter StadeTennisMairieClémenceauSaint-AméLe Châtelier BoulevardRue Pasteur de ParisDe Gaulle Place Carnot Lycée Kästler CAUDRÉSIS-CATÉSIS Edmond Labbé Place ESCAUDAIN HORNAING DENAIN Pont de l'enclos septembre 2020 311 Les Baillons Saint-Pé Rue de Férin 4 Chemins Gare Place 4 Chemins Rond Point 1 Place Bocca Mairie FAMARS UNIVERSITÉ Gare de Douai Delforge Joliot Curie ANICHE 341 EMERCHICOURT SOMAIN Barbusse 303303E 303 333 420 RN vétérinaire Porte de Lycée Église 201 311 DENAIN Monsieur GayantRimbaud MONCHECOURT Collège E Litrée du Raquet FENAIN DOUCHY LES MINES ESPACE VILLARS FAMARS Marbrier VITRY Église BOUCHAIN PLACE ANICHE Mairie Annexe EN ARTOIS DECHY MARCQ EN 340 BOUCHAIN Parrain 311 334 Mineur Mairie COLLÈGE MONOD Maréchal Foch GOUY SOUS DOUAI OSTREVENT Centre Place 341 rue Pasteur NOYELLES SUR SELLE Rue de sailly BELLONNE SIN Église Wignolle LedieuPlace Moulin Cimetière Les 3 Bouleaux Rue Férin LE NOBLE Place Suzanne
    [Show full text]
  • The War and Fashion
    F a s h i o n , S o c i e t y , a n d t h e First World War i ii Fashion, Society, and the First World War International Perspectives E d i t e d b y M a u d e B a s s - K r u e g e r , H a y l e y E d w a r d s - D u j a r d i n , a n d S o p h i e K u r k d j i a n iii BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK 1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA 29 Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2021 Selection, editorial matter, Introduction © Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian, 2021 Individual chapters © their Authors, 2021 Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Editors of this work. For legal purposes the Acknowledgments on p. xiii constitute an extension of this copyright page. Cover design by Adriana Brioso Cover image: Two women wearing a Poiret military coat, c.1915. Postcard from authors’ personal collection. This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives Licence. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third- party websites referred to or in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Te Awamutu Courier
    where are we? Te Awamutu 1585 Alexandra Street, Te Awamutu what do we do? Panel and paint specialists and Insurance approved repairs for cars, trucks & machinery - courtesy cars available Published Tuesday & Thursday THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 2017 Couurier PH 871 6780 Your community newspaper for over 100 years EXTRA COPIES 40c Your view Value of JPs free service Guest speaker at next Wednesday’s Continuing Education group is Te Awamutu Justice of the on access Peace branch secretary/ treasurer Norris Hall JP. Mr Hall will talk about the history of JPs and the Making Waipa accessible valuable, but free, service they offer their community. The community is urged to gathered during the audit will See public notices for have their say on how Waipa help inform current and future details. could be more accessible, par- work programmes to improve ticularly for disabled people and accessibility in main centres. Tens Rugby the elderly. CCS Disability Action Estab- Waipa District Council and lishment manager — Journeying kicks off CCS Disability Action are under- Together Amanda Banks said The Resene Waipa Tens taking a street accessibility audit working together with council starts next Wednesday night , to look at how the pedestrian shows the joint commitment to February 15, at Albert Park. network — footpaths, road making accessible environments Eight teams will play over crossings, intersections, pedes- for disabled people to move three Wednesday nights with trian crossings and mobility around the community with the finals on March 1. parking spaces, as well as access ease. First game kicks off at points into some reserves and “This work also has wider 6.20pm.
    [Show full text]