The Identity of the Man Commemorated at Sutton Hoo
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Regalia and Weaponry in Early Anglo-Saxon Royal Graves Archaeologia John Hines
V. THE ROLE OF WEAPONS AND WEAPONRY IN POLITICAL AND MILITARY LEADERSHIP BALTICA 8 BALTICA FIT FOR A KING? REGALIA AND WEAPONRY IN EARLY ANGLO-SAXON ROYAL GRAVES ARCHAEOLOGIA JOHN HINES Abstract The excavation of a princely grave of the early seventh century at Prittlewell, Essex, in 2003, is the starting point for a review of the development of kingship in early Anglo-Saxon England. Emphasis is placed upon the equally important contributions of history and archaeology. It is also argued that it is essential to balance the attention given to the immediate contexts in England with the long-term development of kingship amongst the Germanic peoples. Valuable supplementary evidence is found in the terminology of kingship and lordship in Germanic philology, as well as the comparative study of Continental Fürstengräber of the Roman Iron Age. Key words: Anglo-Saxon, archaeology, burial, kingship, Prittlewell, Sutton Hoo. Early-medieval kingship 1938; Genrich 1954; Wegewitz 1977). It has proved rather easy to lose sight of that situation when German- In our many efforts to understand how the organization ic kingship in the middle of the first millennium AD V of society developed amongst the Germanic-speaking is considered principally in the light of the different THE ROLE peoples over the two thousand years from the Iron Age, scope for political leadership in the context of the great OF WEAPONS before the birth of Christ, to the High Middle Ages, the war-bands, such as those of the Goths, which invaded AND WEAPONRY history of kingship remains one of the most fundamen- and conquered the more southerly parts of the Roman IN POLITICAL tal challenges for archaeological and historical scholar- Empire in Europe, and are therefore better illuminated AND MILITARY ship. -
The Sutton Hoo Helmet
Teaching History with 100 Objects - The Sutton Hoo helmet The Sutton Hoo helmet This helmet was found at a burial site in Suffolk along with many other valuable objects. The burial provides insights into the life of the Anglo- Saxon elite and into connections between Britain and other parts of the world. The finds at Sutton Hoo changed historians’ views about the Anglo-Saxon period, which had been regarded as a Dark Age following the end of Roman Britain. From Burial Mound 1, Sutton Hoo, Suffolk, England Date AD 600 – 650 Culture Anglo-Saxon Material Iron with bronze plates covered in tin, bronze-gilt, garnets Dimensions Height: 31.8 cm Width: 21.5 cm Circumference : 74.6 cm Estimated total original weight: 2.5 kg Museum British Museum (Please always check with the museum that the object is on display before travelling) Teaching History with 100 Objects - The Sutton Hoo helmet The Sutton Hoo helmet About the object The helmet was discovered in a large burial mound in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of East Anglia. Many other objects were also found, including armour and weapons, silver dishes, musical instruments, feasting equipment such as a drinking horn and bottles, coins and fastenings for clothing. The mound, which has worn down over time, covered a ship that must have been dragged up several hundred metres from the river Deben. The presence of other mounds suggests this was a royal burial area, but the richness of this particular burial suggests it might have been that of a local ruler. Ship burials indicate a relationship with the seafaring communities of Scandinavia, where other rich burials with ships have been found. -
English Legal History Mon., 13 Sep
Outline--English Legal History Mon., 13 Sep. Page 1 ANGLO-SAXON CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY IN BRIEF SOURCES 1. Narrative history: Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Bede died 735); the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle (late 9th to mid-12th centuries); Gildas, On the Downfall and Conquest of Britain (1st half of 6th century). 2. The so-called “law codes,” beginning with Æthelberht (c. 600) and going right up through Cnut (d. 1035). 3. Language and literature: Beowulf, lyric poetry, translations of pieces of the Bible, sermons, saints’ lives, medical treatises, riddles, prayers 4. Place-names; geographical features 5. Coins 6. Art and archaeology 7. Charters BASIC CHRONOLOGY 1. The main chronological periods (Mats. p. II–1): ?450–600 — The invasions to Æthelberht of Kent Outline--English Legal History Mon., 13 Sep. Page 2 600–835 — (A healthy chunk of time here; the same amount of time that the United States has been in existence.) The period of the Heptarchy—overlordships moving from Northumbria to Mercia to Wessex. 835–924 — The Danish Invasions. 924–1066 — The kingdom of England ending with the Norman Conquest. 2. The period of the invasions (Bede on the origins of the English settlers) (Mats. p. II–1), 450–600 They came from three very powerful nations of the Germans, namely the Saxons, the Angles and the Jutes. From the stock of the Jutes are the people of Kent and the people of Wight, that is, the race which holds the Isle of Wight, and that which in the province of the West Saxons is to this day called the nation of the Jutes, situated opposite that same Isle of Wight. -
Welsh Kings at Anglo-Saxon Royal Assemblies (928–55) Simon Keynes
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Keynes The Henry Loyn Memorial Lecture for 2008 Welsh kings at Anglo-Saxon royal assemblies (928–55) Simon Keynes A volume containing the collected papers of Henry Loyn was published in 1992, five years after his retirement in 1987.1 A memoir of his academic career, written by Nicholas Brooks, was published by the British Academy in 2003.2 When reminded in this way of a contribution to Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman studies sustained over a period of 50 years, and on learning at the same time of Henry’s outstanding service to the academic communities in Cardiff, London, and elsewhere, one can but stand back in awe. I was never taught by Henry, but encountered him at critical moments—first as the external examiner of my PhD thesis, in 1977, and then at conferences or meetings for twenty years thereafter. Henry was renowned not only for the authority and crystal clarity of his published works, but also as the kind of speaker who could always be relied upon to bring a semblance of order and direction to any proceedings—whether introducing a conference, setting out the issues in a way which made one feel that it all mattered, and that we stood together at the cutting edge of intellectual endeavour; or concluding a conference, artfully drawing together the scattered threads and making it appear as if we’d been following a plan, and might even have reached a conclusion. First place at a conference in the 1970s and 1980s was known as the ‘Henry Loyn slot’, and was normally occupied by Henry Loyn himself; but once, at the British Museum, he was for some reason not able to do it, and I was prevailed upon to do it in his place. -
Anglo-Saxons: Sutton Hoo
Anglo-Saxons: Sutton Hoo Helmet from the ship-burial at Sutton Hoo Suffolk, England 700 AD Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2 Anglo-Saxons: Sutton Hoo Contents Before your visit Background information Resources Gallery information Preliminary activities During your visit Gallery activities: introduction for teachers Gallery activities: briefings for adult helpers Gallery activity: Excavation Gallery activity: Anglo-Saxon crafts Gallery activity: Grave goods Gallery activity: Burying a noble Gallery activity: Sutton Hoo and Taplow burials After your visit Follow-up activities Anglo-Saxons: Sutton Hoo Before your visit Anglo-Saxons: Sutton Hoo Before your visit Background information The Sutton Hoo burial consists of a wooden long boat covered by a large mound of soil. At the centre of the ship was a wooden burial chamber hung with textiles. In it a dead person lay surrounded by possessions: weapons, armour, gold coins, gold and garnet fittings, silver vessels, silver-mounted drinking horns and clothes (linen undershirts, shoes, a woollen cloak and a fur trimmed cap). All these objects were chosen to reflect the person's high rank in life and would be considered to play a role in the person’s afterlife. No body was found, but soil analyses suggest that a body was placed in the burial chamber and totally decayed in the acid soil. The identity of the buried person is not known. Following excavation in the 1930s it was believed that the burial belonged to a member of the East Anglian ruling dynasty and four kings were considered as possible candidates: Raedwald (AD 590-625/6) king of East Anglia and overlord of the English kingdoms from AD 616, Eorpwald (died 627/8) and co-regents Sigebert and Ecric, who both died in AD 637. -
King Aethelbert of Kent
Æthelberht of Kent Æthelberht (also Æthelbert, Aethelberht, Aethelbert, or Ethelbert) (c. 560 – 24 February 616) was King of Kent from about 558 or 560 (the earlier date according to Sprott, the latter according to William of Malmesbury Book 1.9 ) until his death. The eighth-century monk Bede, in his Ecclesiastical History of the English Peo- ple, lists Aethelberht as the third king to hold imperium over other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. In the late ninth cen- tury Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Æthelberht is referred to as a bretwalda, or “Britain-ruler”. He was the first English king to convert to Christianity. Æthelberht was the son of Eormenric, succeeding him as king, according to the Chronicle. He married Bertha, the Christian daughter of Charibert, king of the Franks, thus building an alliance with the most powerful state in con- temporary Western Europe; the marriage probably took place before Æthelberht came to the throne. The influ- ence of Bertha may have led to the decision by Pope Gre- gory I to send Augustine as a missionary from Rome. Au- gustine landed on the Isle of Thanet in east Kent in 597. Shortly thereafter, Æthelberht converted to Christianity, churches were established, and wider-scale conversion to Christianity began in the kingdom. Æthelberht provided The state of Anglo-Saxon England at the time Æthelberht came the new mission with land in Canterbury not only for what to the throne of Kent came to be known as Canterbury Cathedral but also for the eventual St Augustine’s Abbey. Æthelberht’s law for Kent, the earliest written code in ginning about 550, however, the British began to lose any Germanic language, instituted a complex system of ground once more, and within twenty-five years it appears fines. -
20Th January 2021 History Can I Make Conclusions from Anglo-Saxon
20th January 2021 History Can I make conclusions from Anglo-Saxon artefacts? Today you will be trying to solve a mystery from over 1000 years ago. You will need to use your skills to work out the mystery. The Mystery of Sutton Hoo By about 600, England was divided into small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms each ruled by a king. Sutton Hoo Figure 1 Map of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms On a small hill above the river Deben, at Sutton Hoo in Suffolk is a field, covered with grassy mounds of different sizes. For several hundred years what lay under the mounds remained a mystery. Figure 2 Mounds at Sutton Hoo What could be under them? Watch the video on archaeology. Start the video from 0:15 seconds to ignore the school trip section of the video. Archaeology video In 1939 an archaeologist named Basil Brown explored the largest mound and discovered a ship buried in the mound. The mounds are Anglo Saxon graves. Anglo-Saxons were often buried with their possessions so the contents show the technology and traditions of a culture that was in England 1,600 years ago. Much of what we know about the Anglo-Saxons comes from graves like the one discovered at Sutton Hoo in Suffolk. An Anglo Saxon Ship Burial It was a mystery who was buried in the ship grave. It could have been: A Saxon soldier? A Saxon King? A Saxon monk? Who do you think was buried in the ship grave? To work out who was buried in the ship grave we need to look at all the items that were found there. -
The Tribal Hidage Author(S): W
The Tribal Hidage Author(s): W. J. Corbett Source: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, New Series, Vol. 14 (1900), pp. 187-230 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal Historical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3678152 Accessed: 27-06-2016 04:55 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Historical Society, Cambridge University Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Transactions of the Royal Historical Society This content downloaded from 142.66.3.42 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 04:55:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE TRIBAL H IDAGE BY W. J. CORBETT, M. A. Read ASiZ I9, I900 THE object of the present paper is to put forward a new theory in explanation of the curious list of old English districts with their hidages, or what purport to be their hidages, which is to be found printed in Birch's Cartularium Saxonicum (vol. i., 414), and to which attention has often been drawn, but most recently by Professor Maitland in his 'Domesday Book and Beyond' (p. 506) under the name of the ' Tribal Hidage.' No less than six versionsl of this list, all essentially similar, but each with its own variations in detail, are known, the most authoritative lrersion, and the one adopted by Professor Maitland, being that contained in the Harleian MS. -
Make Your Own Sutton Hoo Helmet - Young Archaeologists' Club
Make your own Sutton Hoo Helmet - Young Archaeologists' Club www.yac-uk.org/activity/make-your-own-sutton-hoo-helmet Make your own Sutton Hoo Helmet In 1939 a massive, and very important, ship burial was discovered at Sutton Hoo, near Ipswich. The wooden beams of the ship had rotted away many centuries before but left a ghostly imprint in the ground. The burial was discovered to have been Anglo-Saxon royalty and contained all the things somebody so important would need in the afterlife. One of the most famous finds was the Sutton Hoo helmet, one of only four complete Anglo-Saxon helmets that we know of. The helmet was also very unusual because it has a facemask. When it was found, the helmet was in hundreds of pieces as the burial chamber had collapsed. Conservators at the Royal Armouries have reconstructed the helmet by precisely locating the remaining fragments and assembling them as if they were a 3D jigsaw puzzle! You can see the reconstruction in the British Museum. Laura Peck Adult supervision is required. Type of Activity : Crafting How many people required (minimum) : 1 Safety Measures : Please ask an adult to help you with the scissors and craft knife. Ages : 8+ Time Required: 4 hours+ for the paint to dry. Materials Required: © Copyright 2021 Young Archaeologists' Club, all rights reserved. ● Cardboard ● Sticky Tape ● Scissors ● Craft Knife ● Gold and Silver Paint Make your own Sutton Hoo Helmet - Young Archaeologists' Club www.yac-uk.org/activity/make-your-own-sutton-hoo-helmet 1. Cut a strip of cardboard about 3cm wide and tape it together to make a circle. -
Britannia Rules
Welcome to Game Overview Game Components Britannia BRITANNIA is a board game for three to five play- In this copy of BRITANNIA you will find the following ers that broadly depicts the wars in, and migrations to, components: Britain in the centuries from the Roman invasions to the Welcome to a land of sweeping history. Welcome to Norman Conquest. • This Rulebook a land that the Romans, the Angles, the Saxons, and a • The Game Board dozen other peoples warred over for a thousand years. Each player controls several nations. Seventeen nations • 251 Unit Markers in four colors: red, blue, yellow, Welcome to the land of King Arthur, Alfred the Great, are included in the game, each representing a people that lived in or invaded Britain between 43 A.D. and 1085 and green, representing Infantry, Cavalry, Leaders, Harald the Ruthless, and William the Conqueror. Roman Forts, and Saxon Burhs. See page 20 for a Welcome to BRITANNIA. A.D. Not all 17 nations are in play at the same time. Instead, only six nations are in play at the beginning detailed list of these markers. BRITANNIA is a historical board game that broadly of the game; others enter, and in some cases leave, the • 17 Nation Cards depicts the millennium-long struggle for control of game at specific times, reflecting known historic events. • 175 Victory Point Tokens in denominations of 1, England, Scotland, and Wales. The game begins with the For example, the Romans begin the game prepared to 5, and 25 Roman invasion of 43 A.D., continues through the many invade from Gaul across the English Channel, simulating • 16 Population Markers struggles between Angles, Saxons, Picts, Norsemen, the Roman invasion of 43 A.D., and later leave the game • 1 Round Marker Scots, Irish, and other nations, and ends with the after the fifth round of play, reflecting the Roman with- Norman invasion of 1066. -
Downloaded from Pubfactory at 09/25/2021 11:10:39PM Via Free Access 158 Torben R
Torben R. Gebhardt (Münster) From Bretwalda to Basileus: Imperial Concepts in Late Anglo- Saxon England? In 924 Æthelstan ascended the throne of Mercia after the death of his father Edward, while his younger half- brother Ælfweard received the crown Torben R. Gebhardt of Wessex. The question whether or not this division of Edward’s realm Imperial Concepts in Late Anglo-Saxon England would have proven to be permanent was rendered obsolete by the death of Ælfweard only sixteen days after his father’s, leaving Æthelstan as the sole sovereign of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom.1 This kingdom in itself was already a conglomerate. A kingdom forged by Edward the Elder who ob- tained direct rule over Mercia in 918 and was accepted to fæder and to hla- forde2 by the kingdoms of York, Scotland and Wales. Yet it was Æthelstan who established direct rule over the Yorkish kingdom in the north, which was never held by a southern king before. Hence, historians, medieval and modern alike, for instance Sarah Foot in a recent biography, often styled him “First king of the English”.3 Yet, it might well be that this title, already loaded with a variety of implications which are hard to prove beyond doubt, does not reflect the aspirations of the king to their fullest, but that he con- templated over an imperial claim. Æthelstan is frequently called rex totius Britanniæ (“king of all Britain”) and even basileus,4 titles implying an im- 1 Foot, Sarah: Æthelstan. The First King of England. (Yale English Monarchs Series). Yale University Press: New Haven / London 2011, p. -
Sutton Hoo: the Body in the Mound Tanya Knight Ruffin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2006 Sutton Hoo: the body in the mound Tanya Knight Ruffin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Ruffin,a T nya Knight, "Sutton Hoo: the body in the mound" (2006). LSU Master's Theses. 3256. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3256 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUTTON HOO: THE BODY IN THE MOUND A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The School of Art by Tanya Knight Ruffin B.F.A., Louisiana State University, 1988 August, 2006 Acknowledgements I would like to gratefully acknowledge the diligent supervision of Dr. Kirstin Noreen, whose guidance and encouragement I deeply appreciate. I would like to express gratitude to Dr. Mark Zucker for his advice and inspiring lectures, from as far back as 1983. Also, I would like to acknowledge Dr. Marchita Mauck for her support and assistance. In addition, I need to recognize the support of Roger Busbice and Dr. Barbara Danos, both of whom have been friends and mentors to me throughout my life and career and the assistance of my dear friend Charlotte Cavel.