DOCSLIB.ORG

Sutton Hoo: the Body in the Mound Tanya Knight Ruffin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sutton Hoo: the Body in the Mound Tanya Knight Ruffin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Truffi2@Lsu.Edu Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2006 Sutton Hoo: the body in the mound Tanya Knight Ruffin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Ruffin,a T nya Knight, "Sutton Hoo: the body in the mound" (2006). LSU Master's Theses. 3256. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3256 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUTTON HOO: THE BODY IN THE MOUND A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The School of Art by Tanya Knight Ruffin B.F.A., Louisiana State University, 1988 August, 2006 Acknowledgements I would like to gratefully acknowledge the diligent supervision of Dr. Kirstin Noreen, whose guidance and encouragement I deeply appreciate. I would like to express gratitude to Dr. Mark Zucker for his advice and inspiring lectures, from as far back as 1983. Also, I would like to acknowledge Dr. Marchita Mauck for her support and assistance. In addition, I need to recognize the support of Roger Busbice and Dr. Barbara Danos, both of whom have been friends and mentors to me throughout my life and career and the assistance of my dear friend Charlotte Cavel. Finally, I am forever indebted to all my friends and family, especially my husband, James, and my mother, Goldia, for their understanding, endless patience and encouragement when it was most required. ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................v ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Merovingian Influence.......................................................................................... 5 1.2 East Anglia............................................................................................................ 8 CHAPTER 2. THE EXCAVATIONS........................................................................... 11 2.1 1938-1939, Pretty Excavation............................................................................. 11 2.2 1940-1982, Research and Excavation................................................................. 19 2.3 1983-1986, The Evaluation Program.................................................................. 20 2.4 1986-1992, The Excavation................................................................................ 22 CHAPTER 3. FINDS OF MOUND ONE ...................................................................... 26 3.1 The Whetstone .................................................................................................... 27 3.2 The Standard....................................................................................................... 30 3.3 The Purse, Coins, And Buckle............................................................................ 32 3.4 The Helmet ......................................................................................................... 34 3.5 The Shield........................................................................................................... 37 3.6 The Drinking Horns............................................................................................ 39 CHAPTER 4. THE BODY IN THE MOUND............................................................... 42 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................. 55 APPENDIX ADDITIONAL IMAGES.......................................................................... 58 VITA................................................................................................................................. 65 iii List of Tables 1. Kings of East Anglia…………………………………....…………………………….44 iv List of Figures 1. Sutton Hoo located near the River Deben………………………………………………1 2. Sutton Hoo Mounds Today……………………………………………….…………….1 3. Settlements of Angles, Saxons, and Jutes in Britain……………………………………3 4. The 1938 excavation…………………………………………………………………..11 5. Mound map with descriptions…………………………………………………………13 6. 1939 discovery of ship-burial in mound one.……………………..…………….…….14 7. The schematic of mound-one ship-burial……………………………………………..15 8. Recreation of burial chamber inside the ship-burial of mound one…………………...16 9. Sand bodies……………………………………………………………………………22 10. A replica model of the Sutton Hoo ship……………………………………………...26 11. The whetstone scepter………………………………………………………………..27 12. Details of the faces on the Sutton Hoo whetstone scepter………………………….. 28 13. The Hagested bronze pin…………………………………………………………….29 14. The Husiatyn pillar…………………………………………………………………..29 15. The Gundestrup cauldron……………………………………………………………29 16. The Sutton Hoo standard…………………………………………………………….31 17. Examples of standards on Roman coins……………………………………………..31 18. Purse lid……………………………………………………………………………...32 19. The gold buckle with a detailed interlocking serpent design………………………..32 20. Sutton Hoo helmet reconstructed from fragments…………………………………...35 21. Sutton Hoo helmet reconstructed as it would have looked…………………………..35 22. Detail from helmet of dancing warriors……………………………………………...35 23. Helmet from a burial mounds at Vendel, Sweden…………………………………...35 v 24. A bird-shaped metal shield fitting……………………………………………………35 25. An ornamental metal plate from another Vendel warrior……………………………35 26. Detail from helmet of a warrior on horseback trampling another warrior…………...36 27. The Sutton Hoo shield reconstruction………………………………………………..37 28. Gilt bronze bird with an open beak and pear-shaped garnet face……………………37 29. Winged dragon decoration from the Sutton Hoo shield……………………………..38 30. The Franks casket……………………………………………………………………39 31. The Sutton Hoo drinking horns……………………………………………………...39 32. Artist rendering of Rædwald with the objects found in the Sutton Hoo ship-burial...52 vi Abstract Seven miles from the Deben River in Suffolk, England is a large pagan cemetery named Sutton Hoo, which consists of eighteen burial mounds. The most impressive of these mounds contains a ninety-foot Anglo-Saxon ship buried beneath the earth. Atop the ship is a burial chamber that contained artifacts such as a helmet, sword, shield, scepter, standard, and a purse holding thirty-seven Merovingian coins. This ship-burial has intrigued scholars since it was discovered and subsequently excavated in 1939. Dozens of theories still circulate on the burial’s intended purpose and date as well as whether or not there was an individual buried within, and if so, who. This thesis will discuss the royal artifacts found inside the burial chamber of the ship and conclude, based on historical writings and physical evidence, that a body was interred and will identify the deceased. By regarding the artifacts as regalia, objects associated with kingship, it can be established that the grave is that of a supreme ruler. The issue of who is venerated by the ship-burial can best be determined by the proper dating of the burial itself. The dates are largely dictated by the coins and have changed several times in the sixty years since their discovery. The year of c. 625 A.D. was finally agreed upon by experts at the British museum. The vacillation in the dating of the coins has led to various hypotheses as to who was memorialized by the elaborate ship-burial and why. In this paper, the various theories as to the occupant of the mound will be addressed and scrutinized. Based on the evidence presented, I will conclude that the burial did contain a body and it is that of the seventh-century king of East Anglia, Rædwald, who died in c. 625. The artifacts included in the ship-burial are some of the vii finest examples of Anglo-Saxon craftsmanship found in Britain. This single discovery changed not only Britain’s perception of their past, but the very definition of “the dark ages.” viii Chapter 1. Background The Sutton Hoo burial ground sits high on a bluff overlooking the bank of the River Deben in southeastern England, about seven miles inland from the North Sea. The mouth of the river would have been the means by which most early visitors reached Sutton Hoo. First inhabited about 2000 B.C., Sutton Hoo’s occupation Figure 1. Sutton Hoo located near River Deben. spans over 4000 years, but it is only within the past seventy years that it has been recognized for its significance in the history of Britain. The area consists of a prehistoric settlement, an Anglo-Saxon cemetery (including two ship-burials), and a medieval cemetery. The Anglo-Saxon period (circa seventh century) was the most dynamic of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2019 Dig Safe Plan
    2019 Plan 2019 PLAN Januarynua.r 9,9 20192019 1 The Dig Safe Board Members Jessica Arden, Chair Ron Bianchini Randy Charland Marjorie Del Toro Bill Johns Marshall Johnson Amparo Munoz Carl Voss Staff Tony Marino, Executive Officer Brittny Branaman, Policy and Budget Manager Deborah Yang, Legal Counsel Jason Corsey, Chief of Investigations Carla Newman, Supervising Investigator Anna Brown, Supervising Investigator Diana Lopez, Special Investigator Dennis Fenton, Special Investigator Jon Barkley, Special Investigator Jason Neyer, Policy Analyst Misty Catano, Administrative Analyst Kerstin Lock Tomlinson, Education & Outreach Officer Jonathan Goergen, GIS Specialist 2 2019 Plan Table of Contents Introduction ………………………..… 4 Mission ………………………………….……. 5 Vision ..………………………….…………….. 5 Values ……..………….……………….….….. 6 2018 Plan Recap ………………..……… 6 2019 Plan ……………………..…………. 9 Area of Continual Excavation 10 Minimum Standards ….……..………. 10 Renewal Requirement …………….… 11 Education & Enforcement …… 11 Education ……………………………..………. 11 Demonstrating Compliance ….... 12 Notification of Incidents …………. 12 Investigations & Enforcement . 12 Investigations Division ..………….. 13 Startup Support …………………..……… 15 Continual Learning .…………….... 16 Assessment Tool ………………………… 16 Reasonable Care Standards ……. 16 Power Tool Use …………………………… 16 Board Operations ..…………….….. 17 Startup Support ……………...…………. 17 Education & Outreach.…………..…. 17 Board Implementation Plan ……. 18 Board Meeting Schedule ..……….. 20 For a hard copy of this report, please contact the California Dig Safe Board at the Office of the State Fire Marshal at (916) 568-3800. The report may also be accessed on the 3 Board’s website at: https://digsafe.fire.ca.gov. The Dig Safe Board Introduction The Dig Safe Board’s 2019 Plan is its fourth publication—behind the 2018 Plan, the First Report to the Governor and Legislature, and the 2018 Results Report—designed to increase visibility into the Board’s planning and operations, and create accountability from the Legislature, the Board’s stakeholders and the public.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineers & Land Surveyors Day Virtually @ the State House
    Engineers & Land Surveyors Day Virtually @ the State House Information for ADVANCE BRIEFING SESSIONS: June 7, 15, 2021 Engineers & Land Surveyors Virtually @ the State House Overview Collaborative effort of: ACEC/MA, BSCES & MALSCE, coordinated by TECET Staff with help from ACEC/MA’s advocates at Rasky Partners. Inform Massachusetts state legislators on issues important to the engineering & land surveying community Promote or oppose certain legislation Create bridges between individuals in engineering & land surveying community and your State Senators and State Representatives Preparing for Virtual or Inperson Meetings Review Issue Briefing Fact Sheets – https://www.engineers.org/about/news/engineers- and-land-surveyors-virtually-at-the-state-house- register-3655 Read online bios of: Your State Senator http://www.malegislature.gov/People/Senate Your State Representative http://www.malegislature.gov/People/House If meeting in person - bring your business cards – write the town name: “Resident of Groton” Issue Briefing Fact Sheets Transportation Infrastructure Water Infrastructure Dig Safe Maximizing Private Sector Innovation Wipes Regulations can Save Ratepayers $, Keep Waters Clean Massachusetts Transportation Infrastructure INVESTING TODAY FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCY, CONGESTION REDUCTION AND OUR FUTURE In addition to support for an increased state gas tax and more use of tolling, with revenues dedicated to transportation infrastructure, we support a pilot project for VMTs (Vehicle Miles Traveled). We support bills that help to provide: • Accessible, frequent, and fast public transit gets people to their destinations without contributing to traffic. • Connected, well-maintained, and extensive roads, trails, bike lanes, and sidewalks encourage active transportation, health, and recreation. • Making our entire transportation system safe, comfortable, and accessible for users of all ages, abilities, income, and travel modes leads to healthier and stronger communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Awalkthroughblythburghvi
    AA WWAALLKK tthhrroouugghh BBLLYYTTHHBBUURRGGHH VVIILLLLAAGGEE Thiis map iis from the bookllet Bllythburgh. A Suffollk Viillllage, on salle iin the church and the viillllage shop. 1 A WALK THROUGH BLYTHBURGH VILLAGE Starting a walk through Blythburgh at the water tower on DUNWICH ROAD south of the village may not seem the obvious place to begin. But it is a reminder, as the 1675 map shows, that this was once the main road to Blythburgh. Before a new turnpike cut through the village in 1785 (it is now the A12) the north-south route was more important. It ran through the Sandlings, the aptly named coastal strip of light soil. If you look eastwards from the water tower there is a fine panoramic view of the Blyth estuary. Where pigs are now raised in enclosed fields there were once extensive tracts of heather and gorse. The Toby’s Walks picnic site on the A12 south of Blythburgh will give you an idea of what such a landscape looked like. You can also get an impression of the strategic location of Blythburgh, on a slight but significant promontory on a river estuary at an important crossing point. Perhaps the ‘burgh’ in the name indicates that the first Saxon settlement was a fortified camp where the parish church now stands. John Ogilby’s Map of 1675 Blythburgh has grown slowly since the 1950s, along the roads and lanes south of the A12. If you compare the aerial view of about 1930 with the present day you can see just how much infilling there has been.
    [Show full text]
  • To Blythburgh, an Essay on the Village And
    AN INDEX to M. Janet Becker, Blythburgh. An Essay on the Village and the Church. (Halesworth, 1935) Alan Mackley Blythburgh 2020 AN INDEX to M. Janet Becker, Blythburgh. An Essay on the Village and the Church. (Halesworth, 1935) INTRODUCTION Margaret Janet Becker (1904-1953) was the daughter of Harry Becker, painter of the farming community and resident in the Blythburgh area from 1915 to his death in 1928, and his artist wife Georgina who taught drawing at St Felix school, Southwold, from 1916 to 1923. Janet appears to have attended St Felix school for a while and was also taught in London, thanks to a generous godmother. A note-book she started at the age of 19 records her then as a London University student. It was in London, during a visit to Southwark Cathedral, that the sight of a recently- cleaned monument inspired a life-long interest in the subject. Through a friend’s introduction she was able to train under Professor Ernest Tristram of the Royal College of Art, a pioneer in the conservation of medieval wall paintings. Janet developed a career as cleaner and renovator of church monuments which took her widely across England and Scotland. She claimed to have washed the faces of many kings, aristocrats and gentlemen. After her father’s death Janet lived with her mother at The Old Vicarage, Wangford. Janet became a respected Suffolk historian. Her wide historical and conservation interests are demonstrated by membership of the St Edmundsbury and Ipswich Diocesan Advisory Committee on the Care of Churches, and she was a Council member of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History.
    [Show full text]
  • Ipswich & District Detector Club
    Ipswich & District Detector Club (Affiliated to the National Council for Metal Detecting) Monthly Newsletter by e-mail Editor: Adrian Pryke Club Website http://www.ipswich-detector-club.co.uk/ Meetings are held on the last Tuesday of each month at The Rosary Conservative club, 172 Bramford Road, Ipswich IP1 4AB starting at 7.30pm. Next meeting is on Tuesday 28th August 2018 July Meeting July Meeting We had Sally Sibley, Sally Metcalf, Jonathan Metclaf and Colin Sibley volunteers from The National Trust. The subject was the history and treasure from Sutton Hoo Sally's presentation was magnificent taking us back to the building of Sutton Hoo House, later to become the house and home of Edith Pretty. The excavations were initiated by local landowner Mrs Edith Pretty, who lived in Tranmer House, which over- looked the burial site. Mrs Pretty had spiritualist leanings, and it is said that she became convinced there was treasure in the ancient burial mound because of her involvement with the Spiritual movement, a clairvoyant saw and heard the funeral procession. She also claimed that one evening while looking out of windows she saw the figure of an armed warrior standing on the mound in the twilight. There is also tales that she employed a dowser who divined gold in the mound. Over a number of years Mrs Pretty became increasingly concerned with the history of her land and what lay beneath it. On the advice of Guy Maynard, at Ipswich Museum, she took on Basil Brown from Rickinghall - “a local archaeologist of no formal education” - and he began to dig with the help of her gardener, John Jacobs, and gamekeeper, William Spooner.
    [Show full text]
  • 18Th Viking Congress Denmark, 6–12 August 2017
    18th Viking Congress Denmark, 6–12 August 2017 Abstracts – Papers and Posters 18 TH VIKING CONGRESS, DENMARK 6–12 AUGUST 2017 2 ABSTRACTS – PAPERS AND POSTERS Sponsors KrKrogagerFondenoagerFonden Dronning Margrethe II’s Arkæologiske Fond Farumgaard-Fonden 18TH VIKING CONGRESS, DENMARK 6–12 AUGUST 2017 ABSTRACTS – PAPERS AND POSTERS 3 Welcome to the 18th Viking Congress In 2017, Denmark is host to the 18th Viking Congress. The history of the Viking Congresses goes back to 1946. Since this early beginning, the objective has been to create a common forum for the most current research and theories within Viking-age studies and to enhance communication and collaboration within the field, crossing disciplinary and geographical borders. Thus, it has become a multinational, interdisciplinary meeting for leading scholars of Viking studies in the fields of Archaeology, History, Philology, Place-name studies, Numismatics, Runology and other disciplines, including the natural sciences, relevant to the study of the Viking Age. The 18th Viking Congress opens with a two-day session at the National Museum in Copenhagen and continues, after a cross-country excursion to Roskilde, Trelleborg and Jelling, in the town of Ribe in Jylland. A half-day excursion will take the delegates to Hedeby and the Danevirke. The themes of the 18th Viking Congress are: 1. Catalysts and change in the Viking Age As a historical period, the Viking Age is marked out as a watershed for profound cultural and social changes in northern societies: from the spread of Christianity to urbanisation and political centralisation. Exploring the causes for these changes is a core theme of Viking Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • University of London Deviant Burials in Viking-Age
    UNIVERSITY OF LONDON DEVIANT BURIALS IN VIKING-AGE SCANDINAVIA Ruth Lydia Taylor M. Phil, Institute of Archaeology, University College London UMI Number: U602472 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U602472 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT DEVIANT BURIALS IN VIKING-AGE SCANDINAVIA The thesis brings together information yielded from archaeology and other sources to provide an overall picture of the types of burial practices encountered during the Viking-Age in Scandinavia. From this, an attempt is made to establish deviancy. Comparative evidence, such as literary, runic, legal and folkloric evidence will be used critically to shed perspective on burial practices and the artefacts found within the graves. The thesis will mostly cover burials from the Viking Age (late 8th century to the mid- 11th century), but where the comparative evidence dates from other periods, its validity is discussed accordingly. Two types of deviant burial emerged: the criminal and the victim. A third type, which shows distinctive irregularity yet lacks deviancy, is the healer/witch burial.
    [Show full text]
  • List of California State Fire Marshal Approved Carbon Monoxide Alarms
    List of California State Fire Marshal Approved Carbon Monoxide Alarms Listing Listing Information Number BRK BRANDS, INC. 5276- Company: BRK BRANDS, INC. 0087:0152 Address: 3901 W. Liberty Street Road, Aurora, IL 60504-8122 Contact: Mark Dippner Phone: (630) 851-7330 Ext: 3422 Fax: (630) 851-9309 Date Issued: 07/01/2014 Listing Expires: 06/30/2015 Description: Models CO400, CO410, CO600, CO606 and CO615 Carbon monoxide alarms. Category: CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS See Listing Service 5276- Company: BRK BRANDS, INC. 0087:0153 Address: 3901 W. Liberty Street Road, Aurora, IL 60504-8122 Contact: Mark Dippner Phone: (630) 851-7330 Ext: 3422 Fax: (630) 851-9309 Date Issued: 07/01/2014 Listing Expires: 06/30/2015 Description: Models "First Alert" CO500 and CO511 single/multiple station, battery operated. Carbon Monoxide alarms. Category: CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS See Listing Service 5276- Company: BRK BRANDS, INC. 0087:0154 Address: 3901 W. Liberty Street Road, Aurora, IL 60504-8122 Contact: Mark Dippner Phone: (630) 851-7330 Ext: 3422 Fax: (630) 851-9309 Date Issued: 07/01/2014 Listing Expires: 06/30/2015 Description: Models "First Alert" GCO1 single station, AC powered with battery back-up Carbon Monoxide alarm. Category: CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS See Listing Service 5276- Company: BRK BRANDS, INC. 0087:0155 Address: 3901 W. Liberty Street Road, Aurora, IL 60504-8122 Contact: Mark Dippner Phone: (630) 851-7330 Ext: 3422 Fax: (630) 851-9309 Date Issued: 07/01/2014 Listing Expires: 06/30/2015 Description: Models "First Alert" CO604 and CO614 Carbon Monoxide alarms. Category: CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS See Listing Service Revised on 1/13/15 5276- Company: BRK BRANDS, INC.
    [Show full text]
  • Scattergories 4 Questions by Will Nediger, Jinah Kim, and Joey Goldman Round 6
    Scattergories 4 Questions by Will Nediger, JinAh Kim, and Joey Goldman Round 6 1. An Eavan [AY-ven] Boland poem named for one of these things says that “an ageing woman finds no shelter in language” and that “[one of these things] is not a woman.” One of these things titles a theatrical monologue by Olwen Fouéré [fwair-AY] which adapts passages from a novel. A character who personifies one of these things is the subject of a chapter which begins with the words “O tell me all about [that character]” in the shape of a triangle, and ends with a request for stories about her children Shaun and (*) Shem. The names of hundreds of these things are referenced in a chapter about the gossip of two washerwomen who turn into a tree and a stone when night falls. The word for these things is implied to follow the words “a way a lone a last a loved a long the.” Anna Livia Plurabelle’s middle name references one of these geographical features. For 10 points, Finnegans Wake opens by describing what type of geographical feature running “past Eve and Adam’s”? ANSWER: rivers [accept riverrun; anti-prompt on “Liffey” by asking what the Liffey is] (The Boland poem is called “Anna Liffey” and the Fouéré play is called riverrun.) <WN> 2. A “madame” named after this author runs a brothel at which theology is secretly discussed in Ada Palmer’s Terra Ignota series, in which this author is called the Patriarch. A writer whose pseudonym is a contracted combination of this author and the town where this author lived secretly arranged for Thomas Jefferson to translate his radical book Ruins of Empires, from which the monster in Frankenstein learns history.
    [Show full text]
  • Sutton Hoo and Its Landscape Kindle
    SUTTON HOO AND ITS LANDSCAPE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Tom Williamson | 220 pages | 01 Jul 2009 | WINDGATHER PRESS | 9781905119257 | English | Macclesfield, United Kingdom Sutton Hoo and its Landscape PDF Book The Anglo-Saxons also practiced coppicing, a process that sees young tree stems repeatedly cut down to near ground level and used to make poles for fencing and housing. National Trust Once complete, the ship sculpture will include a slab in the middle, representing the burial chamber, and etchings on the slab showing where the Sutton Hoo treasures were found. It was, in fact, a spectacular funerary monument comprising a metre-long ship beneath an earth mound nearly three metres high and 30 metres in diameter. The Sutton Hoo grave is remarkable for the majesty of its contents and its monumental scale. Contents A king's grave? By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. The new sculpture at Sutton Hoo. The discovery of the ship burial at Sutton Hoo, with its beautifully crafted grave goods in the Anglo-Saxon style, was instrumental in overturning this idea and revealing the rich culture of the early medieval period in England. Here are some fascinating facts about the Sutton Hoo hoard. Birch would have been used as cattle fodder and the hard wearing oak and sweet chestnut were perfect for building homes and ships. In other recent discoveries, British Museum scientists found that black tarry lumps in the burial were actually pieces of bitumen that had originated beneath the hot Middle Eastern sun before they ended up beneath the damp, cool Suffolk earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Regalia and Weaponry in Early Anglo-Saxon Royal Graves Archaeologia John Hines
    V. THE ROLE OF WEAPONS AND WEAPONRY IN POLITICAL AND MILITARY LEADERSHIP BALTICA 8 BALTICA FIT FOR A KING? REGALIA AND WEAPONRY IN EARLY ANGLO-SAXON ROYAL GRAVES ARCHAEOLOGIA JOHN HINES Abstract The excavation of a princely grave of the early seventh century at Prittlewell, Essex, in 2003, is the starting point for a review of the development of kingship in early Anglo-Saxon England. Emphasis is placed upon the equally important contributions of history and archaeology. It is also argued that it is essential to balance the attention given to the immediate contexts in England with the long-term development of kingship amongst the Germanic peoples. Valuable supplementary evidence is found in the terminology of kingship and lordship in Germanic philology, as well as the comparative study of Continental Fürstengräber of the Roman Iron Age. Key words: Anglo-Saxon, archaeology, burial, kingship, Prittlewell, Sutton Hoo. Early-medieval kingship 1938; Genrich 1954; Wegewitz 1977). It has proved rather easy to lose sight of that situation when German- In our many efforts to understand how the organization ic kingship in the middle of the first millennium AD V of society developed amongst the Germanic-speaking is considered principally in the light of the different THE ROLE peoples over the two thousand years from the Iron Age, scope for political leadership in the context of the great OF WEAPONS before the birth of Christ, to the High Middle Ages, the war-bands, such as those of the Goths, which invaded AND WEAPONRY history of kingship remains one of the most fundamen- and conquered the more southerly parts of the Roman IN POLITICAL tal challenges for archaeological and historical scholar- Empire in Europe, and are therefore better illuminated AND MILITARY ship.
    [Show full text]