In Search of ''Red Ellen'' Wilkinson Beyond Frontiers and Beyond The
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The Slansky Trial the Slansky Trial: the Slovak National Rising, and Was Elected CPC General Secretary the Following Year
Workers' Liberty 3/36: The Slansky Trial The Slansky Trial: the Slovak National Rising, and was elected CPC General Secretary the following year. introduction Following the CPC putsch of 1948, in which the non- CPC parties were driven out of what had previously Author: been a coalition government, Slansky was the most Stan Crooke powerful person in the country, second only in name to President Klement Gottwald. 2012 marks the 60th anniversary of the so-called Trial of the Anti-State Conspiratorial Centre led by The official celebrations which marked Slansky’s Rudolf Slansky. 50th birthday, in July of 1951, appeared to underline his grip on power. He was awarded the The Slansky trial: contents. Order of Socialism (the highest state decoration). An avalanche of the obligatory laudatory articles appeared in the press and his collected works were The Slansky Trial was one of a series of Eastern published. European post-war Stalinist show-trials in which leading Communist Party members confessed — But it would not be long before Slansky was playing after prolonged physical and psychological torture the lead role in a Czech version of the show-trials — to being longstanding agents of American which swept through Eastern Europe in the years imperialism. following 1948. But the trial also broke new ground. It was the first In response to the onset of the Cold War and show-trial in which state-sponsored anti-semitism the rift with Tito’s Yugoslavia in June of that played a central role. As the New York Times, year, Stalin had clamped down on the satellite reporting under the headline “Tragi-Comedy in states’ Communist Parties. -
From Periphery to Centre
CARE FROM PERIPHERY TO CENTRE Elena Cologni in collaboration with Homerton College, University of Cambridge This publication can be found in digital format, and printed in a limited edition of 100, including the print RELATIONS of CARE by Elena Cologni December 2020 © the authors and 250Homerton College Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 8PH Email: [email protected] Telephone: 01223 747069 https://homerton250.org/events/care-from-periphery-to-centre/ Homerton College is a Registered Charity No. 1137497 On the cover: detail of still from ‘THE NEW SCHOOL’ FILM, 1944. One of several surviving stills from a Crown Film Unit short information film shot at Homerton in 1944. CARE FROM PERIPHERY TO CENTRE Elena Cologni in collaboration with Homerton College, University of Cambridge 3 Page 3 Page CARE: FROM PERIPHERY TO CENTRE Elena Cologni’s artistic research looks at undervalued practices of care in society through people’s experiences of place. For this project, she collaborated with the 250 Archive Working Group in 2018 to respond to domestic, social and political dimensions of care in the work of Maud Cloudesley Brereton and Leah Manning, while researching the College’s archive and its architecture. The research was underpinned care ethics principles and a conversation with renowned care ethicist Virginia Held. A more intimate dimension is revealed through the selection of students’ items, as a snapshot of everyday life in an early 20th-century women’s College. This research unearths the College’s historic concern with, and contribution to, health, well-being and education. ELENA COLOGNI The exhibits resonate with Cologni’s aesthetic sensibility for their tactile and visual qualities, and underpin the artist’s sculptural installation designed in response to the 1914 Ibberson Gymnasium, and echoed in the Queen’s Wing veranda and lawn. -
The Anarchist Collectives Workers’ Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution, 1936–1939
The Anarchist Collectives Workers’ Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution, 1936–1939 Sam Dolgoff (editor) 1974 Contents Preface 7 Acknowledgements 8 Introductory Essay by Murray Bookchin 9 Part One: Background 28 Chapter 1: The Spanish Revolution 30 The Two Revolutions by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 30 The Bolshevik Revolution vs The Russian Social Revolution . 35 The Trend Towards Workers’ Self-Management by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 36 Chapter 2: The Libertarian Tradition 41 Introduction ............................................ 41 The Rural Collectivist Tradition by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 41 The Anarchist Influence by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 44 The Political and Economic Organization of Society by Isaac Puente ....................................... 46 Chapter 3: Historical Notes 52 The Prologue to Revolution by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 52 On Anarchist Communism ................................. 55 On Anarcho-Syndicalism .................................. 55 The Counter-Revolution and the Destruction of the Collectives by Sam Dolgoff ....................................... 56 Chapter 4: The Limitations of the Revolution 63 Introduction ............................................ 63 2 The Limitations of the Revolution by Gaston Leval ....................................... 63 Part Two: The Social Revolution 72 Chapter 5: The Economics of Revolution 74 Introduction ........................................... -
Improving on Nature: Eugenics in Utopian Fiction
1 Improving on Nature: Eugenics in Utopian Fiction Submitted by Christina Jane Lake to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English, January 2017 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright materials and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approve for the award of a degree by this or any other university. (Signature)............................................................................................................. 2 3 Abstract There has long been a connection between the concept of utopia as a perfect society and the desire for perfect humans to live in this society. A form of selective breeding takes place in many fictional utopias from Plato’s Republic onwards, but it is only with the naming and promotion of eugenics by Francis Galton in the late nineteenth century that eugenics becomes a consistent and important component of utopian fiction. In my introduction I argue that behind the desire for eugenic fitness within utopias resides a sense that human nature needs improving. Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859) prompted fears of degeneration, and eugenics was seen as a means of restoring purpose and control. Chapter Two examines the impact of Darwin’s ideas on the late nineteenth-century utopia through contrasting the evolutionary fears of Samuel Butler’s Erewhon (1872) with Edward Bellamy’s more positive view of the potential of evolution in Looking Backward (1888). -
Female Perspectives in the Dystopian Novel
Ghent University Faculty of Arts and Philosophy FEMALE PERSPECTIVES IN THE DYSTOPIAN NOVEL Supervisor: Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Prof. Dr. Marysa Demoor requirements for the degree of 'Master in de Taal- en Letterkunde: Engels-Spaans' by Fran Desmet 2010 Desmet 2 CONTENTS Acknowledgements __________________________________________________________3 Introduction _______________________________________________________________4 1. Utopia, dystopia's ancestor__________________________________________________7 1.1 The utopian project__________________________________________________________ 7 1.2 Utopia and the use of language_________________________________________________ 9 2. Dystopia, a future nightmare _______________________________________________11 2.1 From utopia to dystopia _____________________________________________________ 11 2.2. The rise of the dystopian novel _______________________________________________ 13 2.2.1 Historical and political context _____________________________________________________ 13 2.2.1.1 Science and technology_______________________________________________________ 13 2.2.1.2. The influence of Nietzsche's and Freud's theories __________________________________ 15 2.2.2 Famous dystopias _______________________________________________________________ 19 2.2.2.1 We , Yevgeny Zamyatin (1924) _________________________________________________ 19 2.2.2.2 Brave New World , Aldous Huxley (1932) ________________________________________ 23 2.2.2.3 Nineteen Eighty-Four , George Orwell (1949)______________________________________ -
Man Is Indestructible: Legend and Legitimacy in the Worlds of Jaroslav Hašek
Man Is Indestructible: Legend and Legitimacy in the Worlds of Jaroslav Hašek The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Weil, Abigail. 2019. Man Is Indestructible: Legend and Legitimacy in the Worlds of Jaroslav Hašek. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42013078 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use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
The Kpd and the Nsdap: a Sttjdy of the Relationship Between Political Extremes in Weimar Germany, 1923-1933 by Davis William
THE KPD AND THE NSDAP: A STTJDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICAL EXTREMES IN WEIMAR GERMANY, 1923-1933 BY DAVIS WILLIAM DAYCOCK A thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. The London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London 1980 1 ABSTRACT The German Communist Party's response to the rise of the Nazis was conditioned by its complicated political environment which included the influence of Soviet foreign policy requirements, the party's Marxist-Leninist outlook, its organizational structure and the democratic society of Weimar. Relying on the Communist press and theoretical journals, documentary collections drawn from several German archives, as well as interview material, and Nazi, Communist opposition and Social Democratic sources, this study traces the development of the KPD's tactical orientation towards the Nazis for the period 1923-1933. In so doing it complements the existing literature both by its extension of the chronological scope of enquiry and by its attention to the tactical requirements of the relationship as viewed from the perspective of the KPD. It concludes that for the whole of the period, KPD tactics were ambiguous and reflected the tensions between the various competing factors which shaped the party's policies. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE abbreviations 4 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER I THE CONSTRAINTS ON CONFLICT 24 CHAPTER II 1923: THE FORMATIVE YEAR 67 CHAPTER III VARIATIONS ON THE SCHLAGETER THEME: THE CONTINUITIES IN COMMUNIST POLICY 1924-1928 124 CHAPTER IV COMMUNIST TACTICS AND THE NAZI ADVANCE, 1928-1932: THE RESPONSE TO NEW THREATS 166 CHAPTER V COMMUNIST TACTICS, 1928-1932: THE RESPONSE TO NEW OPPORTUNITIES 223 CHAPTER VI FLUCTUATIONS IN COMMUNIST TACTICS DURING 1932: DOUBTS IN THE ELEVENTH HOUR 273 CONCLUSIONS 307 APPENDIX I VOTING ALIGNMENTS IN THE REICHSTAG 1924-1932 333 APPENDIX II INTERVIEWS 335 BIBLIOGRAPHY 341 4 ABBREVIATIONS 1. -
Baixa Descarrega El
Jacqueline Hurtley and Elizabeth Russell Universitat de Barcelona and Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona Following the fruits of the second wave of feminism fiom the 60s into the 80s, the backlash has set in (cf. Susan Faludi), with texts such as Camille Pagha's Sexual Personae intensqing the reaction. Beyond the women's movemenf we are witnesses to a growing sense of intolerante, made manifest in xenophobic attitudes and racist attacks. In The Nature of Fascism, published in 1991, Roger Grifñn spends his fúst chapter dwelling on the "conundrum" of fascism, so temed because of the lack of consensus as to how fascism might be defined. We do not propose to consider the complexities involved here but will rnake use of Griíñn's working definition: "Fascism is a genus of political ideology whose mythc core in its various permutations is a pahgenetic fom of populist ultranationalism." (Grif6n 1991,26). For our particular purpose, we wish to focus on the concept of palingenesis (fkom palin - again, anew; and genesis - creation, biríh). Fascism promulgated the idea of rebiríh: the movement would bring about "a new national community", one which would draw on, " - where posible, traditions which had supposedly remained uncontaminated by degenerative forces and whose cohesion was assured by new institutions, organisations and practices based on a new political hierarchy and a new heroic ethos" (Griíñn 1991, 45). Women became conspicuous by their absence within the new phallocentnc hierarchy. The new fascist man (hornofmcistus) wodd be intent on saaiñcing himseíf to the higher needs of the nation. In Male Fantasies Klaus Theweleit drew on case-studies produced on a number of individuals who played an active part in German proto-fascism. -
Relating to Leah Manning
Hull History Centre: Papers and photographs relating to Leah Manning U DX265 Papers and photographs [1931-1991] relating to Leah Manning Accession number: 1993/18 Biographical Background: Born Elizabeth Leah Perrett on 14 April 1886. When she was 14 her parents migrated to Canada but she decided to remain in the UK with her grandparents. She attended Homerton College, Cambridge and was working as a teacher in Cambridge when she met Hugh Dalton and joined the Fabian Society and the Independent Labour Party. She campaigned for free milk for the school children to improve their health. In 1914 she married the astronomer William Henry Manning. Manning joined the 1917 club after the Russian Revolution and became a speaker at Labour events around the country. She became headmistress of an Open Air School for under- nourished children in Cambridge. In 1929 she was organising secretary of the National Union of Teachers and became President the following year. In February 1931 she was elected as MP for Islington East, only to lose her seat in the General Election when she decided not to support Ramsay Macdonald's National Government. She spent a year on the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party and stood as a candidate for Sunderland at the 1935 General Election but was unsuccessful. She also began to move away from her previous stance as a pacifist to that of actively campaigning against fascism. At the 1936 Labour party conference she argued, along with Ellen Wilkinson and Aneurin Bevan, for military assistance to be given to the Popular Front of Spain in its fight against Franco. -
Shaping the Inheritance of the Spanish Civil War on the British Left, 1939-1945 a Thesis Submitted to the University of Manches
Shaping the Inheritance of the Spanish Civil War on the British Left, 1939-1945 A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2017 David W. Mottram School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Table of contents Abstract p.4 Declaration p.5 Copyright statement p.5 Acknowledgements p.6 Introduction p.7 Terminology, sources and methods p.10 Structure of the thesis p.14 Chapter One The Lost War p.16 1.1 The place of ‘Spain’ in British politics p.17 1.2 Viewing ‘Spain’ through external perspectives p.21 1.3 The dispersal, 1939 p.26 Conclusion p.31 Chapter Two Adjustments to the Lost War p.33 2.1 The Communist Party and the International Brigaders: debt of honour p.34 2.2 Labour’s response: ‘The Spanish agitation had become history’ p.43 2.3 Decline in public and political discourse p.48 2.4 The political parties: three Spanish threads p.53 2.5 The personal price of the lost war p.59 Conclusion p.67 2 Chapter Three The lessons of ‘Spain’: Tom Wintringham, guerrilla fighting, and the British war effort p.69 3.1 Wintringham’s opportunity, 1937-1940 p.71 3.2 ‘The British Left’s best-known military expert’ p.75 3.3 Platform for influence p.79 3.4 Defending Britain, 1940-41 p.82 3.5 India, 1942 p.94 3.6 European liberation, 1941-1944 p.98 Conclusion p.104 Chapter Four The political and humanitarian response of Clement Attlee p.105 4.1 Attlee and policy on Spain p.107 4.2 Attlee and the Spanish Republican diaspora p.113 4.3 The signal was Greece p.119 Conclusion p.125 Conclusion p.127 Bibliography p.133 49,910 words 3 Abstract Complexities and divisions over British left-wing responses to the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939 have been well-documented and much studied. -
Extreme Right Transnationalism: International Networking and Cross-Border Exchanges
Gale Primary Sources Start at the source. Extreme Right Transnationalism: International Networking and Cross-Border Exchanges Paul Jackson Senior Lecturer in History, University of Northampton Various source media, Political Extremism and Radicalism in the Twentieth Century EMPOWER™ RESEARCH While many historians have devoted themselves to forms of anti-fascism: divisions within the left. The examining the dynamics of fascist movements and Italian Communist Party was also formed at this time, regimes, the topic of ‘anti-fascism’ has traditionally and while initially supportive of the Arditi del Popolo, been neglected. However, historians and other later it instructed its members to withdraw their academics are now starting to take greater interest in engagement. The Arditi del Popolo was shut down by the study of those who opposed nationalist and racist the Italian state by 1924, while the Italian Communist extremists, and are developing new approaches to Party was itself banned from 1926. Splits within the understanding these complex cultures. Some, such as left have often been a characteristic of anti-fascist Nigel Copsey, have been concerned with developing politics, and in Italy during the 1920s such anti- sober, empirical accounts, exploring left-wing, centre fascists were driven by competing ideas on how to and even right-wing forms of anti-fascism, presenting develop an anti-capitalist revolution. In this case, the it as a heterogeneous politicised identity. Others, such issue helped to foster discord between a more as Mark Bray, have been more concerned with eclectic and anarchist variant of anti-fascism and a developing unapologetically partisan readings of the more centralised Communist version. -
Vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and Foremost, I Would Like to Thank My
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my Faculty Mentor Dr. Morrow for agreeing to direct my independent study, allowing me to incorporate my interest in Czech literature into that study, and reading the drafts of my paper. Thank you to Dr. Jerzak, who helped me to realize my interest in twentieth century Eastern European history and literature, and consistently encourages me to pursue my writing. I would also like to acknowledge the generous contribution of the University of Georgia Athletic Association, who purchased all of the books required for my readings, enabling me to write in them as much as I wanted. Thank you to my boyfriend Ryley who coped with all of my mood shifts, from horribly stressed to bubbling with obscure Czech history. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the never wavering support of my parents, especially my mother, who read and reviewed my entire paper. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………….v LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………...vii CASE STUDY: WORLD WAR I AND THE GOOD SOLDIER ŠVEJK……………………......1 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………………..……..12 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………..15 vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Josef Švejk in the Bathchair…………………………………………………………....3 Figure 2: The Battle of Zborov………………………………………………………………......16 Figure 3: Josef Švejk in his Uniform…………………………………………………………….10 vii The well-known Czech artist David Cerny, most famous for his statue of two gentlemen urinating in front of the Franz Kafka Museum in Prague, complained