拠点大学:東京大学 沿岸海洋学 Coastal Marine Science 事後評価

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拠点大学:東京大学 沿岸海洋学 Coastal Marine Science 事後評価 日本学術振興会拠点大学交流事業 拠点大学:東京大学 沿岸海洋学 Coastal Marine Science 事後評価資料 2011 年8月 The JSPS Core University Program The University of Tokyo Research Center for Oceanograply, LIPI Universiti Teknologi Malaysia University of the Philippines Chulalongkorn University Institute of Marine Environment and Resources 1 評価資料の要約 平成 13〜22 年度の 10 年間、日本が中心となって、アジア5ヵ国(インドネシア、マレー シア、フィリピン、タイ、ベトナム)と沿岸海洋学(Coastal Oceanography)(平成 17 年度か ら Coastal Marine Science と改訳)に関する多国間共同研究を実施した。本事業では次の4課 題を実施した。(1)東アジア・東单アジア沿岸・縁辺海の物質輸送過程に関する研究、(2) 海産有害微細藻類の生物生態学、(3)東アジア・東单アジアの沿岸域における生物多様性 の研究、(4)有害化学物質による沿岸環境の汚染と生態影響に関する研究。とくに課題3 は、さらに4つのサブグループ(1、魚類;2、底生動物;3,海藻・海草類;4,プラク トン)から構成された。協力国の 24 研究機関(インドネシア、4;マレーシア、7;フィリ ピン、5;タイ、6;ベトナム、2)と日本の 23 研究機関から総数 326 人(国外、222;日 本、104)が参加した。期間中に合同セミナー5回、コーディネータ会議 11 回、ワークショ ップ 88 回を開催した。ワークショップでは、研究発表、最新の情報交換、研究計画立案を行 うとともに、若手研究者を対象に基礎的なトレーニングや分析方法の標準化も実施した。本 プログラムの活動を通じて、これらの国々から優秀な若手研究者が数多く育ってきた。本事 業を通じて約 1300 件の原著論文(査読付き 1070、プロシーディングス 228)、139 件の著書 (分担執筆を含む)および 30 件の報告書・記事等を公表した(表4)。特に、魚類のフィー ルドガイド、海草類のフィールドガイド、有害化学物質の化学分析法マニュアル(CD 付き) は、アジア諸国の研究者や関連機関から高い評価を受けている。本研究活動を通じて得られ た成果をもとに、これまで培ってきたネットワークを活かして、アジア諸国の研究者や研究 機関と連携して沿岸海洋学に関する重要な研究に取り組んでいくことが極めて重要である。 このシステムを活かして研究を展開することによって、アジア海域、ひいては世界の沿岸海 洋における環境保全にいっそう貢献する新しい展開が期待できる。 2 評価資料の要約(英文) The JSPS Multilateral Core University Program “Coastal Oceanography” has been conducted by five Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Thailand and Vietnam) and Japan for 10 years (2001/2001-2010/2011). This program covered the following four research subjects: Project 1, Water circulation and the process of material transport in the coastal areas and marginal seas of the East and Southeast Asia; Project 2, Ecology and oceanography of harmful marine microalgae; Project 3, Biodiversity studies in the coastal waters of the East and Southeast Asia; and Project 4, Pollution of hazardous chemicals in the coastal marine environment and their ecological effect. In particular, Project 3 was composed of the following four groups: 3-1, Fish Group; 3-2, Benthos Group; 3-3, Seagrass/seaweeds Group; and 3-4, Plankton Group. The 222 foreign scientists from 24 institutes/universities (Indonesia, 4; Malaysia, 7; Philippines, 5; Thailand, 6; Vietnam, 2) and 104 Japanese scientists from 23 institutes/universities joined this program and worked together under the common principles. Five joint seminars, 11 coordinator’s meetings, and 88 workshops were organized with cooperation of five Southeast Asian countries and Japan. In the workshop, we shared our time for presentation, exchange of up-to-date information, and establishment of research plan. In order to encourage young scientists, we also held training courses using field guides of fish, seagrasses, and benthos, textbooks and analytical manual of plankton and hazardous chemicals, all of which has been compiled/published by the project members. The activities of the five projects resulted in publication of approximately 1300 peer-reviewed scientific papers (1070 articles in peer-reviewed journals, 228 in proceedings), 139 books or book chapters and 30 articles in other forms. Especially, the field guides of fish and sea grass and the analytical manual and CD of hazardous chemicals are highly favorably evaluated by scientists and the institutes/universities of Asian countries. Based on the present scientific evidences, it is very important to continue and enhance this system of multilateral collaboration among these Asian countries, which is expected to contribute to environmental conservation not only in Asian countries but also in the world. 3 1.事業の目標 東アジア・東单アジアは 30 億以上の人口を抱え、その社会活動が沿岸域に大きな影響を与えて いる。また、沿岸域に生息する生物資源は多くの国々に食糧を提供しており、社会経済の面から も沿岸域の持続的包括管理・利用は、この地域で最も重要な課題である。このように重要な沿岸 域も工業化、都市の人口集中などの影響で、富栄養化による赤潮の発生、重金属類汚染、内分泌 攪乱物質汚染が深刻な環境問題となってきた。また、陸地を主とする土地利用の変化による土砂 の堆積、懸濁物の流入などによる藻場、海草群落、マングローブ域、サンゴ礁の破壊は、世界有 数の生物多様性を誇るこの海域でウミガメ、ジュゴン、サンゴなどの激減をもたらしている。縁 辺海を含む東アジア・東单アジアの沿岸域の持続的包括管理・利用の観点からも、沿岸海洋学に 関する物理・化学・生物にまたがる学際的総合研究は不可欠である。 本事業では、平成 13〜22 年度の 10 年間、インドネシア、マレーシア、タイ、フィリピン,ベ トナムおよび日本の6カ国の研究者と連携して、各国の沿岸域を対象に、ユネスコの IOC(政府 間海洋委員会)/WESTPAC(IOC の西部太平洋委員会)においても重要とされている下記の4課 題について研究を実施した。 課題1.東アジア・東单アジア沿岸・縁辺海の物質輸送過程 課題2.海産有害微細藻類の生物生態学 課題3.東アジア・東单アジアの沿岸域における生物多様性 3−1:海藻・海草 3−2:プランクトン 3−3:魚類 3−4:ベントス 課題4.有害化学物質による沿岸環境の汚染と生態影響 本事業ではこれらの研究を実施することにより、沿岸海洋学の基礎研究を飛躍的に発展させる だけでなく、将来を担う若い優秀な研究者を育成することを目指した。また、これらの活動によ り、沿岸海洋についての多くの学際的な成果が期待出来るとともに、沿岸環境の保全と将来にお ける生物資源の持続的包括的管理・利用ちおう観点から社会経済的波及効果も期待出来る。この ように、本事業では、これまで培ってきた多国間の研究協力体制をさらに発展させて、東アジア・ 東单アジアにおける組織的・包括的な沿岸海洋学の基盤を確立することを目標とした。 2.事業の実施状況 2−1.事業の全体的な体制 図1に示すように、本事業では日本側コーディネーターが各課題リーダーおよび協力各国を代 表するナショナルコーディネーターと調整を行いながら、事業全体の推進を包括的に行ってきた。 ナショナルコーディネーターは本事業における交流および共同研究を円滑に進めるに当たり、自 国の研究者間の調整を行うとともに、国内学術機関とも連絡・調整をおこない、研究助成金の確 保や調査許可・試料持ち出し許可の取得等を援助した。一方、各課題リーダーは各研究課題間の 連携研究と交流を促進するため、年度ごとに目標を設定し、各参加者が共同研究を行えるよう調 整するとともに、年 1 回程度ワークショップを開催し、各研究者が得た成果・課題の情報を共有 した。 4 図1. JSPS-CMS Program の全体的体制。 担当者間の横線は実施 期間中の担当者の交代 を示す。 本事業の実施組織を以下に示す(人員等の詳細は「参考資料1」参照)。 日本側実施組織 拠点大学:東京大学大気海洋研究所 実施組織代表者:東京大学大気海洋研究所・所長[小池勲夫(平成 13-16 年度)、寺崎 誠(平成 17-18 年度)、西田 睦(平成 19 年度-22 年度)] コーディネーター:東京大学大気海洋研究所・教授・西田 周平[塚本勝巳(平成 13-17 年度)、 宮崎信之(平成 17 -20 年度)、西田周平(平成 21-22 年度)] 協力大学・部局・研究組織:北海道大学大学院水産科学研究科、北里大学海洋生命科学部、東北 大学大学院理学研究科、東北大学大学院農学研究科、東京海洋大学海洋科学部、東京大学大学 院農学生命科学研究科、東京大学アジア生物資源環境研究センター、東海大学海洋学部、三重大学生 物資源学部、京都大学フィールド科学教育研究センター、広島大学生物生産学部、愛媛大学沿岸環境科 学研究センター、香川大学農学部、九州大学応用力学研究所、長崎大学水産学部、高知大学農学部、 鹿児島大学水産学部、鹿児島大学理学部、国立科学博物館動物研究部、琉球大学理学部、名古 屋大学地球水循環研究センター 相手国側実施組織 1)インドネシア 拠点機関:Research Center for Oceanography, LIPI コーディネーター:Ono Kurnaen Sumadhiharga (2001-2005), Suharsono (2006-2010), Director Research Center for Oceanography, LIPI 5 協力機関:Sam Ratulangi University、Diponegoro University、Bogor Agricultural University 2)タイ 拠点機関:Chulalongkorn University コーディネーター:Charoen Nitithamyong, Assistant Professor/Head of Department Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University 協力機関:Kasetsart University、Burapha University、Department of Fisheries、Prince of Songkla University、Phuket Marine Biological Center 3)マレーシア 拠点機関:Universiti Teknologi Malaysia コーディネーター:Mohd Ibrahim Seeni Mohd, Professor Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 協力機関:Universiti Sains Malaysia、Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia、Universiti Malaya、 Universiti Putra Malaysia、Universiti Malaysia Sarawak、South Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) 4)フィリピン 拠点機関:University of the Philippines, Diliman コーディネーター:Miguel D. Fortes, Professor Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman 協力機関:University of the Philippines Los Banos、De La Salle University、University of the Philippines Visayas、University of San Carlos 5)ベトナム 拠点機関:Institute of Marine Environment and Resources コーディネーター:Tran Duc Thanh, Director Institute of Marine Environment and Resources・Director 協力機関:Vietnam National University 2−2.共同研究の体制 本事業では東单アジアにおける沿岸海洋学の主要な問題に取り組むため、以下の4つの課題(課 題3ではさらに4つのサブ課題)について研究グループ(以下「課題グループ」)を構成し、それ ぞれの課題にリーダ(括弧内)を配置した。 課題1.東アジア・東单アジア沿岸・縁辺海の物質輸送過程(九州大学・柳 哲雄) 課題2.海産有害微細藻類の生物生態学(東京大学アジア生物資源環境研究センター・福代康夫) 課題3.東アジア・東单アジアの沿岸域における生物多様性(国立科学博物館・松浦啓一) 3−1:海藻・海草(北里大学・小河久朗、同・林崎健一) 6 3−2:プランクトン(東京大学大気海洋研究所・西田周平) 3−3:魚類(国立科学博物館・松浦啓一) 3−4:ベントス(京都大学・白山義久) 課題4.有害化学物質による沿岸環境の汚染と生態影響(東京大学海洋研究所・宮崎信之、同・ 井上広滋) 図2に示すように、各課題リーダーは課題グループのメンバーと協議を行い、実施計画を立案 し、共同調査やワークショップを実施した。いっぽう、各国のコーディネータは、それぞれの国 の研究者を統括し、共同研究を実施するうえで必要な研究体制を組織し、アジア諸国での現地調 査の許可書、調査機材の持ち込み許可書、採集標本の国外への持ち出し許可書などの取得に必要 な役割を果たした。また、各国の研究助成機関からの本事業に関連した研究費の確保等の研究活 動を支援する役割を担った。 各課題グループでは具体的に以下のような研究体制のもとに活動を実施した。 課題リーダーは課題グループの海外研究分担者とメールで頻繁に連絡をとり、相互訪問の日程 調整や現地観測の打合せを行った。国内の研究分担者もリーダーとメールや電話で連絡をとりあ って、研究の進行に関する調整を行った。各国代表者をきめ、各国の研究者との連絡網を整備し た。ワークショップやセミナーなどでは、各国の研究者が実施している研究成果の発表、最新情 報の交換、研究計画の立案などを行い、研究者相互で成果が上がるように調整しながら共同研究 を実施した。 図2.JSPS-CMS Program における国際的、国内的、課題間および課題内の連携体制. 2−3.セミナーの実施状況 各課題グループおよび課題グループ間協力による学際的研究の成果発表とメンバー相互の交流 7 を目的としておおむね2年に一回、各国の持ち回りで、計5回の合同セミナーを開催した(表1)。 表1.合同セミナーの概要 回数 期間 場所 参加者数 発表数 (開催国外/国内) (口頭/ポスター) 第1回 H.15.12.14-16 チェンマイ(タイ) 150 (87/63) 100 (70/30) 第2回 H.17.8.24-26 東京(日本) 140 (69/71) 113 (36/77) 第3回 H.19.8.3-5 ジョクジャカルタ 163 (76/87) 151 (115/36) (インドネシア) 第4回 H.21.10.26-28 ハイフォン(ベトナム) 94 (65/29) 77 (56/21) 第5回 H.22.10.26-29 柏(日本)* 86 (56/30) 68 (ポスターのみ) *IOC/WESTPAC と共催: Horiba International Conference "New Direction of Ocean Research in the Western Pacific–Past, Present and Future of UNESCO/IOC/WESTPAC Activity for 50 Years and the JSPS Project: Coastal Marine Science". これら本事業独自の合同セミナーのほかに、沿岸海洋学に関連する他の事業、機関、国際プロ ジェクト等との共催で7回の国際会議を開催した(表2)。 表2.本事業が共催した国際会議(開催年月、会議名、開催機関、開催地) 平成 13 年 10 月:第3回 JSPS 国際沿岸海洋環境セミナー(国連大学、東京大学海洋研究所)、東 京 平成 14 年7月:国連大学国際会議「人間と海」(国連大学、岩手県、東京大学海洋研究所)、岩 手県 平成 16 年2月:第4回 JSPS 国際沿岸海洋環境セミナー(国連大学、東京大学海洋研究所)、東 京 平成 16 年 11 月:第5回 JSPS 国際沿岸海洋環境セミナー(国連大学、東京大学海洋研究所)、東 京 平成 17 年 10 月:第6回 JSPS 国際沿岸海洋環境セミナー(国連大学、東京大学海洋研究所)、東 京 平成 18 年 10 月:NaGISA 世界会議 JSPS 特別セッション「東单アジア沿岸海域の生物多様性」 (NaGISA Project: Census of Marine Life)、バンコク(タイ) 平成 20 年 10 月:NaGISA 西部太平洋海域国際会議(NaGISA Project: Census of Marine Life)、ジ ャカルタ(インドネシア) 各年度のセミナーの概要を以下に示す。 8 平成 15 年度:第 1 回合同セミナー、JSPS 国際沿岸海洋環境セミナー 前者では 4 課題の研究者が初めて一同に会し,これまでの3年間の研究成果の発表とともに、 各課題における研究の進捗状況を相互に理解し,今後の研究の方向,特に課題間の有機的な連携 方策について検討することを目的とした。また、拠点交流事業に参加する研究者に対して拠点事 業の意義について理解を深めてもらうため、日本学術振興会からの説明をいただいた。 後者では、アジア沿岸域が直面している環境問題に焦点をあわせて、生物多様性、有害微細藻 類、有害化学物質汚染の観点から研究報告が行われ、将来の沿岸環境保全に関する具体的な対応 策が議論された。 平成 17 年度:第 2 回合同セミナー、JSPS 国際沿岸海洋環境セミナー 前者には、インドネシア 11 名、マレーシア 17 名、フィリピン 13 名、タイ 13 名、ベトナム 15 名、日本 71、計 140 名が参加した。沿岸海洋学に関するこれまで積み重ねてきた各研究課題の共 同研究の成果を発表するとともに、各課題別の共同研究やワークショップの成果を踏まえて、過 去 5 年間の研究活動を総括した。さらに、参加者による建設的な議論により、今後の 5 年間の新 しい研究の展開を視野に入れたより機能的で組織化された研究システムの構築を目指した。発表
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