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Survey of Fishery Resources and Ecosystems of the Bay of Bengal

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Survey of Fishery Resources and Ecosystems of the Bay of Bengal NORAD-FAO PROGRAMME CRUISE REPORTS DR FRIDTJOF NANSEN GCP/GLO/690/NOR EAF-Nansen/CR/2018/11 SURVEY OF FISHERY RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEMS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL Myanmar 24 August – 29 September 2018 Department of Fisheries Institute of Marine Research Ministry of Agriculture, Bergen, Norway Livestock and Irrigation Myanmar The EAF-Nansen Programme The EAF-Nansen Programme "Supporting the application of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management considering climate and pollution impacts” (GCP/GLO/690/NOR) aims to further strengthen the knowledge base and the overall institutional capacity for the implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) in developing countries, with additional attention to the impact of climate variability and change, pollution and other anthropogenic stressors. The programme, that started implementation in May 2017, builds on earlier phases, and is governed by an agreement between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Norway and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad). The three pillars of the new programme are: Science, Fisheries management, and Capacity development. A new state of the art research vessel, Dr Fridtjof Nansen is an integral part of the programme. A science plan, covering 11 research themes, guides the programme scientific work. The programme works in partnership with countries, regional organizations, other UN agencies as well as other partner projects and institutions. Le Programme EAF-Nansen Le Programme EAF-Nansen “Appuyer la mise en œuvre de l'approche écosystémique de la gestion des pêches en tenant compte des impacts du climat et de la pollution” (GCP/GLO/690/NOR), vise à renforcer la base de connaissances et la capacité institutionnelle pour la mise en œuvre de l'approche écosystémique des pêches (AEP) dans les pays en développement, en accordant une attention particulière aux effets de la variabilité et du changement climatique, de la pollution et d’autres facteurs de stress anthropiques. Le programme, qui a débuté en mai 2017, s'appuie sur les phases précédentes et est régi par un protocole d’accord entre l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), l'Institut de recherche marine (IMR) de Norvège et l'Agence norvégienne de Coopération au développement (Norad). Les trois piliers du nouveau programme sont : la science, l’aménagement de la pêche et le développement des capacités. Un navire de recherche à la pointe de la technologie, le nouveau Dr Fridtjof Nansen, fait partie intégrante du programme. Un plan scientifique, couvrant 11 thèmes de recherche, guide les travaux scientifiques du programme. Le programme travaille en partenariat avec les pays, les organisations régionales, d'autres agences des Nations Unies ainsi que d'autres projets et institutions partenaires. Michalsen, K., Krakstad, J-O., Kvalsund, M., Isari, S., Ensrud, T., Sundby, S., Lødemel, H., Htun Thein 2018. Survey of fishery resources and ecosystems of the Bay of Bengal, Myanmar, 24 August – 29 September 2018. NORAD-FAO PROGRAMME GCP/GLO/690/NOR, CRUISE REPORTS DR FRIDTJOF NANSEN, EAF- Nansen/CR/2018/11 CRUISE REPORTS DR FRIDTJOF NANSEN SURVEY OF FISHERY RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEMS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL Myanmar 24 August – 29 September 2018 by Leg 3.4a: Kathrine Michalsen1, Htun Thein2, Merete Kvalsund1, Stamatina Isari1, Tor Ensrud1 and Svein Sundby1 Leg 3.4b: Jens-Otto Krakstad1, Htun Thein2, Merete Kvalsund1 and Helene Lødemel1 1 Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway 2 Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Myanmar Institute of Marine Research Bergen, 2019 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 7 1.1 THE SURVEY AREA ................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................... 8 1.3 NARRATIVE AND SURVEY EFFORT ...................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 2 METHODS .............................................................................................................. 14 2.1 HYDROGRAPHIC CONTINUOUS SAMPLING ......................................................................... 14 2.1.1 Meteorological observations ................................................................................................ 14 2.1.2 Thermosalinograph .............................................................................................................. 14 2.1.3 Current speed and direction measurements (ADCP) ........................................................... 14 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSECT SAMPLING ........................................................................... 14 2.2.1 CTD sensors – temperature, salinity, oxygen and fluorescence .......................................... 15 2.2.2 Sampling depth .................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Ocean acidification parameters (pH and alkalinity) ............................................................. 16 2.2.4 Nutrient samples .................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 PHYTOPLANKTON SAMPLING .............................................................................................. 16 2.4 MESOZOOPLANKTON SAMPLING ........................................................................................ 17 2.5 ICHTHYOPLANKTON SAMPLING .......................................................................................... 17 2.5.1 Ichthyoplankton sampling in putative spawning grounds (“triangles”) ............................... 18 2.6 MICROPLASTICS AND MARINE DEBRIS ............................................................................... 19 2.7 SEDIMENT SAMPLING .......................................................................................................... 19 2.8 FOOD SAFETY SAMPLING ..................................................................................................... 19 2.9 BIOLOGICAL TRAWL SAMPLING ......................................................................................... 20 2.9.1 Fish sampling and preservation ............................................................................................ 20 2.9.2 Jellyfish collection and preservation .................................................................................... 20 2.10 ACOUSTIC SAMPLING .......................................................................................................... 21 2.10.1 Sonar data ........................................................................................................................... 21 2.10.2 Echo sounder ...................................................................................................................... 21 2.10.3 Allocation of acoustic energy to species group.................................................................. 21 2.11 ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS .................................................................................................... 23 2.11.1 Estimation of pelagic species biomass (acoustic method) ................................................. 23 2.11.2 Estimation of biomass of demersal fish (Swept-area) ........................................................ 24 CHAPTER 3 RESULTS: HYDROGRAPHY AND WEATHER............................................... 26 3.1 UNDERWAY SAMPLING ........................................................................................................ 26 3.1.1 Meterological data recordings .............................................................................................. 26 3.1.2 Thermosalinograph and near-surface hydrography ............................................................. 27 3 3.2 HYDROGRAPHIC STATIONARY SAMPLING ......................................................................... 30 3.2.1 Cross shelf vertical profiles of hydrography, oxygen and fluorescence .............................. 30 3.3 WATER CHEMISTRY (PH, NUTRIENTS AND CHLOROPHYLL) ........................................... 36 3.3.1 Nutrient samples .................................................................................................................. 38 3.4 MEASUREMENT ON NEUTRAL BUOYANCY OF FISH EGGS .................................................. 38 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS: PLANKTON ....................................................................................... 41 4.1 PHYTOPLANKTON ................................................................................................................ 41 4.2 MESOZOOPLANKTON .......................................................................................................... 42 4.3 ICHTHYOPLANKTON ............................................................................................................ 44 4.3.1 Net sampling of eggs and larvae .......................................................................................... 44 4.4 MICROPLASTIC AND DEBRIS ..............................................................................................
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