DOCSLIB.ORG

Now Showing Apostrophes, Question Marks, Full Stops, Exclamation Marks, Commas, Quotation Marks, Colons & Semi-Colons

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Now Showing Apostrophes, Question Marks, Full Stops, Exclamation Marks, Commas, Quotation Marks, Colons & Semi-Colons Now Showing - Starring - ApostropheS, Question MarkS, Full StopS, Exclamation MarkS, CommaS, Quotation Marks, ColonS & Semi-colons. Ownership Use an apostrophe before the ‘s’ when one person or thing owns something. The boy’s dog was very friendly. (One boy owns the dog). Use an apostrophe after the ‘s’ when more than one person or thing owns something. The boys‘ dog was very friendly. (The dog is owned by more than one boy). Use an apostrophe after the ‘s’ when the noun ends in an ‘s’. Chris’ friend was planning a surprise. Possessive Pronouns Don’t use an apostrophe with possessive pronouns like ‘his’, ‘hers’, ‘its’, ‘theirs’, ‘ours’, ‘yours’ and ‘whose’. “That car is like yours,” I said. CONTRACTIONS Use an apostrophe to replace the missing letters when two words are condensed into one. Is not = Isn’t Do not = Don’t Will not = Won’t It’s = is a contraction for it is or it has. It’s really hot today. ~ It’s been ages. Its = is the possessive form for the pronoun. The cat owns its paws. Direct questions A question mark replaces a full stop at the end of a direct question. What is your name? ~ How are you today? A question mark is used at the end of a statement that is turned into a question. She’s working hard, isn’t she? ~ There are too many bugs here, aren’t there? Indirect questions A question mark is not necessary at the end of an indirect question. I asked her if she was coming. I wonder whether the Prime Minister will win again. End of Sentences Use a full stop at the end of sentences that are statements. I’m going to the movies today. ~ That is my favourite song. Use a full stop at the end of sentences that are commands. Finish dinner before leaving the table. ~ Take the dog for a walk please. Abbreviations Use full stops with abbreviations. etc. (et cetera) Co. (Company) Prof. (Professor) Strong feelings When writing, use an exclamation mark to show strong feelings such as anger, surprise or excitement. “Go away!” she screamed. ~ “Wow! I love your house!” I exclaimed. When reading, exclamation marks help the reader to identify what type of voice the character is using and what they are feeling. Interjections Interjections are short exclamations. They also require an exclamation mark. Ouch! Uh oh! Ah! Lists Commas are used to separate three or more items in a list. Scott needs to finish his Maths, Science, Art and English work before break. Beginning Phrases and Clauses Commas are also used to separate a beginning phrase or clause. Based on the evidence, the defence wins. ~ After sleeping in, I was late. Compound sentences Commas are used with compound sentences joined by ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’, ‘so’ or ‘yet’. You can read a book, or play a game. Embedded clauses Commas separate an embedded clause in a sentence. My dad, his eyes twinkling, stole a chip from my plate. complex sentence Commas are used in complex sentences. They begin with words like ‘when’, ‘as’, ‘since’, ‘if’, ‘although’, ‘so’, ‘because’, ‘until’ and ‘for’. When I speak to your mother, I will let you know. Quotes Commas separate spoken and unspoken words. “My dog is my best friend,” said Trevor. Direct speech Quotation marks are put around direct speech. They are used to show quotes or exactly what someone has said. Punctuation to end the speech, always goes inside the quotation marks. “Dinner is ready,” called Mum. “Chocolate is my favourite,” declared Tom. INDirect speech Indirect speech does not require quotation marks. Jan said she was going to the country for a holiday. Lists Colons are used to introduce a list of items. The final two items are separated with ‘and’ or ‘or’ to show that the list is finished. On the excursion, you need: a water bottle, a rain coat, lunch and a hat. For lunch I have: * a sandwich, * a popper and * an apple. consequence Colons introduce the consequence, or effect, of a fact stated before. There was one thing for certain: I was here to win. ; ; Lists A semi-colon is used in a list if there is information that is separated with a comma. I bought firm, ripe pears; juicy, crisp apples; crunchy carrots and fresh green beans. Independent Clauses A semi-colon is often used to join together two independent clauses, which are clauses that could be individual sentences. Mum drives a nice car; Dad drives a bomb. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Punjabi Language Characteristics and Role of Thesaurus in Natural
    Dharam Veer Sharma et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 2 (4) , 2011, 1434-1437 Punjabi Language Characteristics and Role of Thesaurus in Natural Language processing Dharam Veer Sharma1 Aarti2 Department of Computer Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, INDIA Abstract---This paper describes an attempt to explain various 2.2 Characteristics of the Punjabi Language characteristics of Punjabi language. The origin and symbols of Modern Punjabi is a very tonal language, making use of Punjabi language are presents in this paper. Various relations various tones to differentiate words that would otherwise be exist in thesaurus and role of thesaurus in natural language identical. Three primary tones can be identified: high-rising- processing also has been elaborated in this paper. falling, mid-rising-falling, and low rising. Following are characteristics of Punjabi language [3] [4]. Keywords---Thesaurus, Punjabi, characteristics, relations 2.2.1 Morphological characteristics Morphologically, Punjabi is an agglutinative language. That 1. INTRODUCTION is to say, grammatical information is encoded by way of A thesaurus links semantically related words and helps in the affixation (largely suffixation), rather than via independent selection of most appropriate words for given contexts [1]. A freestanding morphemes. Punjabi nouns inflect for number thesaurus contains synonyms (words which have basically the (singular, plural), gender (masculine, feminine), and same meaning) and as such is an important tool for many declension class (absolute, oblique). The absolute form of a applications in NLP too. The purpose is twofold: For writers, noun is its default or uninflected form. This form is used as it is a tool - one with words grouped and classified to help the object of the verb, typically when inanimate, as well as in select the best word to convey a specific nuance of meaning, measure or temporal (point of time) constructions.
    [Show full text]
  • Punctuation Guide
    Punctuation guide 1. The uses of punctuation Punctuation is an art, not a science, and a sentence can often be punctuated correctly in more than one way. It may also vary according to style: formal academic prose, for instance, might make more use of colons, semicolons, and brackets and less of full stops, commas, and dashes than conversational or journalistic prose. But there are some conventions you will need to follow if you are to write clear and elegant English. In earlier periods of English, punctuation was often used rhetorically—that is, to represent the rhythms of the speaking voice. The main function of modern English punctuation, however, is logical: it is used to make clear the grammatical structure of the sentence, linking or separating groups of ideas and distinguishing what is important in the sentence from what is subordinate. It can also be used to break up a long sentence into more manageable units, but this may only be done where a logical break occurs; Jane Austen's sentence ‗No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy, would ever have supposed her born to be a heroine‘ would now lose its comma, since there is no logical break between subject and verb (compare: ‗No one would have supposed …‘). 2. The main stops and their functions The full stop, exclamation mark, and question mark are used to mark off separate sentences. Within the sentence, the colon (:) and semicolon (;) are stronger marks of division than the comma, brackets, and the dash. Properly used, the stops can be a very effective method of marking off the divisions and subdivisions of your argument; misused, they can make it barely intelligible, as in this example: ‗Donne starts the poem by poking fun at the Petrarchan convention; the belief that one's mistress's scorn could make one physically ill, he carries this one step further…‘.
    [Show full text]
  • Working with Ranges and Wildcard
    Using Ranges and Wildcards in Market Insight Text variables can be identified in the System Explorer because they have an ABC icon to the left of the variable name. When searching for a business by name Ranges and Wildcards will be helpful to identify unknown characters or spaces using the wildcards of: * and ?. It is important to use both the business and the tradestyle name when searching for a business. The reason is because the name you are searching for could be in either the business name or the tradestyle. We will use Adobe in our examples and the variables of: Business Name variable ( ) and Tradestyle Name ( ). 1. The following will match business names that are *exactly the same as [each character must be the same as] the search name criteria. Our match string would look as such: =”Adobe” This example will return only businesses with names having the exact same 5 characters will match – i.e. “Adobe”, but not “Adobe Ltd” 1 * Or you can use the Exact Match option in the same drop down and it will return the same results: 2. The asterisk symbol, *, is used to stand for any number of characters [zero or one or multiple]. If we use the root word of Adobe and then an asterik this will return names that *begin with Adobe. The string would as follows: =”Adobe*” 2 This example will match “Adobe” (in this case the * is matching zero characters) and “Adobe Ltd” (in this case the * is matching 4 characters, “ Ltd”) * Or you can use the Begins With option in the same drop down and it will return the same results: 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 19. Punctuation
    punctuation 19. Punctuation Punctuation is important because it helps achieve clarity and readability . ’ Apostrophes Use • before the “s” in singular possessives: The prime minister’s suggestion was considered. • after the “s” in plural possessives: The ministers’ decision was unanimous. Do not use • in plural dates and abbreviations: 1930s, NGOs • in the possessive pronoun “its”: The government characterised its budget as prudent. See also: Capitalisation, pp. 66-68. : Colons Use • to lead into a list, an explanation or elaboration, an indented quotation • to mark the break between a title and subtitle: Social Sciences for a Digital World: Building Infrastructure for the Future (book) Trends in transport to 2050: A macroscopic view (chapter) Do not use • more than once in a given sentence • a space before colons and semicolons. 90 oecd style guide - third edition @oecd 2015 punctuation , Commas Use • to separate items in most lists (except as indicated under semicolons) • to set off a non-restrictive relative clause or other element that is not part of the main sentence: Mr Smith, the first chairperson of the committee, recommended a fully independent watchdog. • commas in pairs; be sure not to forget the second one • before a conjunction introducing an independent clause: It is one thing to know a gene’s chemical structure, but it is quite another to understand its actual function. • between adjectives if each modifies the noun alone and if you could insert the word “and”: The committee recommended swift, extensive changes. Do not use • after “i.e.” or “e.g.” • before parentheses • preceding and following en-dashes • before “and”, at the end of a sequence of items, unless one of the items includes another “and”: The doctor suggested an aspirin, half a grapefruit and a cup of broth.
    [Show full text]
  • AIX Globalization
    AIX Version 7.1 AIX globalization IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 233 . This edition applies to AIX Version 7.1 and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2010, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this document............................................................................................vii Highlighting.................................................................................................................................................vii Case-sensitivity in AIX................................................................................................................................vii ISO 9000.....................................................................................................................................................vii AIX globalization...................................................................................................1 What's new...................................................................................................................................................1 Separation of messages from programs..................................................................................................... 1 Conversion between code sets.............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Punctuation Made Easy
    374 Appendix A Punctuation Made Easy Full Stop The strongest punctuation mark of all. Should be used: 1. At the end of a complete sentence (not a question or an exclamation). 2. At the end of an imperative sentence. (,Shut the door.') 3. After all initials and some abbreviations (N. R. Baines, etc., Feb., n.a., c.i.f.). 4. Between pounds and pence expressed in figures (£3.65). Comma The weakest pause mark, but the most important, since its omission can sometimes change the meaning of the sentence. Don't pepper your sentences with commas - use the meaning of the sentence as a guide. Never separate subject from verb by a comma. Never separate verb from object or predicate by a comma. Should be used: 1. To separate words or word groups in a series when there are at least three units: 'Sales are increasing, productivity is increasing, and profits are increasing.' 2. To separate a subordinate clause which precedes a main clause: 'Although we are not yet sure of the position, work will continue.' 3. To separate a relative clause whose removal would not change the basic sense of the sentence: 'This product, which is one of our traditional lines, is not expensive.' Compare: 'The product that you have selected is not expensive.' 4. To separate a phrase or word of explanation from the rest of the sentence: 'London, the swinging city, stands beside the Thames.' Note: the rule here is the same as for relative clauses, so: 'He read the article, "Management Training into the 1990s", before tackling the report.' 5.
    [Show full text]
  • International Language Environments Guide
    International Language Environments Guide Sun Microsystems, Inc. 4150 Network Circle Santa Clara, CA 95054 U.S.A. Part No: 806–6642–10 May, 2002 Copyright 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, CA 95054 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, docs.sun.com, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, Java, XView, ToolTalk, Solstice AdminTools, SunVideo and Solaris are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. SunOS, Solaris, X11, SPARC, UNIX, PostScript, OpenWindows, AnswerBook, SunExpress, SPARCprinter, JumpStart, Xlib The OPEN LOOK and Sun™ Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Punctuation Range: 2E00–2E7F
    Supplemental Punctuation Range: 2E00–2E7F This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See https://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-14.0/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 14.0. See https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 14.0. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, online at https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, #45, and #50, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See https://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and https://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Approved Special Characters
    List of Approved Special Characters The following list represents the Graduate Division's approved character list for display of dissertation titles in the Hooding Booklet. Please note these characters will not display when your dissertation is published on ProQuest's site. To insert a special character, simply hold the ALT key on your keyboard and enter in the corresponding code. This is only for entering in a special character for your title or your name. The abstract section has different requirements. See abstract for more details. Special Character Alt+ Description 0032 Space ! 0033 Exclamation mark '" 0034 Double quotes (or speech marks) # 0035 Number $ 0036 Dollar % 0037 Procenttecken & 0038 Ampersand '' 0039 Single quote ( 0040 Open parenthesis (or open bracket) ) 0041 Close parenthesis (or close bracket) * 0042 Asterisk + 0043 Plus , 0044 Comma ‐ 0045 Hyphen . 0046 Period, dot or full stop / 0047 Slash or divide 0 0048 Zero 1 0049 One 2 0050 Two 3 0051 Three 4 0052 Four 5 0053 Five 6 0054 Six 7 0055 Seven 8 0056 Eight 9 0057 Nine : 0058 Colon ; 0059 Semicolon < 0060 Less than (or open angled bracket) = 0061 Equals > 0062 Greater than (or close angled bracket) ? 0063 Question mark @ 0064 At symbol A 0065 Uppercase A B 0066 Uppercase B C 0067 Uppercase C D 0068 Uppercase D E 0069 Uppercase E List of Approved Special Characters F 0070 Uppercase F G 0071 Uppercase G H 0072 Uppercase H I 0073 Uppercase I J 0074 Uppercase J K 0075 Uppercase K L 0076 Uppercase L M 0077 Uppercase M N 0078 Uppercase N O 0079 Uppercase O P 0080 Uppercase
    [Show full text]
  • Quotation Marks Are Used to Enclose and Set Off Text That Is Directly Quoted, Titles, Technical Terms, and Words Or Phrases That Carry a Subtext
    PUNCTUATION QUOTATION MARKS ( “…” or ‘…’ ) Quotation marks are used to enclose and set off text that is directly quoted, titles, technical terms, and words or phrases that carry a subtext. USES Use quotation marks to enclose a short direct quote (a quote of no more than 40 words). a title of short works, such as titles of articles, essays, book chapters, songs, films, and poems. a word or short phrase that is meant to express irony or sarcasm. slang that is out of character with the rest of the writing or to enclose a deliberate misspelling. Do not use quotation marks to enclose a colloquial expression. a long direct quote (a quote more than 40 words). o Set apart a long quote by indenting five spaces from both margins and introducing the quote with a colon. an indirect quotation, which is usually introduced by that. e.g., The meteorologist said that it will rain tomorrow. < Correct (indirect quote) The meteorologist said that, “it will rain tomorrow.” < Incorrect (indirect quote) The meteorologist said, “It will rain tomorrow.” < Correct (direct quote) PLACEMENT OF PUNCTUATION WHEN USING QUOTATION MARKS Punctuation placed inside quotation marks Periods, commas, question marks, and exclamation marks are enclosed within quotation marks. o Exception: If the question or exclamation mark punctuates the sentence as a whole, the question mark or exclamation mark falls outside the quotation marks. e.g., Have you heard the proverb, “Do not count your chickens until they hatch”? Punctuation placed outside quotation marks Colons and semi-colons appear outside quotation marks. Parentheses with in-text citation fall outside quotation marks.
    [Show full text]
  • Punctuation Rule Sheet
    Punctuation Rule Sheet End Punctuation Rule 1: Use a period at the end of a declarative sentence. (statement) Rule 2: Use a period at the end of an imperative sentence. (command) Rule 3: Use a question mark at the end of the interrogative sentence. (question) Rule 4: Use an exclamation point at the end of an exclamatory sentence. (strong feeling) Rule 5: Use an exclamation point at the end of an interjection. (strong emotion/one or two words) Commas Rule 1: Use commas to separate three or more items in a series. Rule 2: Use a comma to show a pause after an introductory word. Rule 3: Use a comma after two or more prepositional phrases at the beginning of a sentence. Rule 4: Use commas to set off words that interrupt the flow of thought in a sentence. Rule 5: Use commas to set off names use in direct address. Rule 6: Use a comma before and or , or but when it joins simple sentences into a compound sentence. Rule 7: Use a comma after the salutation of a friendly letter and after the closing of both a friendly letter and a business letter. Rule 8: Use a comma to prevent a misreading. Rule 9: Use commas before and after the year when it is used with both the month and the day. Do not use a comma if only the month and the year or the month and the day are given. Rule 10: Use commas before or after the name of a state or a country when it is used with the name of a city.
    [Show full text]
  • In Data, Titles And/Or Footnotes Using Character and Hexadecimal
    PharmaSUG2010 - Paper CC19 Embedded Special Characters Kiran Karidi, Mahipal Vanam, and Sridhar Dodlapati ABSTRACT When the report generated from the clinical trial data requires to show lot of information in titles and column headers than they can accommodate, then Statisticians / Medical writers use special characters such as subscription, superscription, Greek letters, mathematical symbols, and custom-designed symbols etc to flag, and the complete corresponding information is provided in the footnotes for that flag. There are various techniques available to embed the special characters in the clinical study reports and they will be discussed in this paper. INTRODUCTION Quite often, in clinical trial data analysis reports, we may have to flag the data, titles, footnotes, column headers and graphs (axis labels and/or on the graphical area) with special characters, and give explanation for them in the footnotes. Rationale behind that is, when there is not sufficient space available in the target areas, the need arises to put a flag there and elaborate it later in the footnote. The reason to use the special symbols or characters for this purpose is to distinguish them with other characters and to make them more prominent. SPECIAL CHARACTERS There are different definitions for special characters depending on the encoding system (ASCII, EBCDIC & Unicode are most popular encoding systems), but in common usage, a character is considered as a special character, if that is not readily available on a standard computer keyboard. A special character can either display something or control the display of the characters that follow. Display character examples are: the trademark sign ‘™’, the registered trademark sign ‘®’ and degree ‘°’ as in degree Cels ius (°C) etc.
    [Show full text]