Wabo. This Language Is Also Called Nusari
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J. Sollewijn Gelpke the Report of Miguel Roxo De Brito of His Voyage in 1581-1582 to the Raja Ampat, the Maccluer Gulf and Seram
J. Sollewijn Gelpke The report of Miguel Roxo de Brito of his voyage in 1581-1582 to the Raja Ampat, the MacCluer Gulf and Seram In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 150 (1994), no: 1, Leiden, 123-145 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 05:12:46AM via free access J.H.F. SOLLEWIJN GELPKE The Report of Miguel Roxo de Brito of his Voyage in 1581-1582 to the Raja Ampat, the MacCluer Gulf and Seram Introduction For nearly four centuries, scholars of north-western New Guinea have been intrigued by a cryptic abstract of the Relagión que Migel Rojo de Brito da de la Nueua Guinea, written shortly before 1600 by Hemando de los Rios (Zaragoza 1876-1880, 1:187, 11:294-6). The full Spanish text of Brito's Relagión was eventually discovered on folios 139-149 of a Sino-Spanish codex of 1590 or shortly afterwards (Boxer 1950), and was published in 1979 (Boxer and Manguin 1979). In the Netherlands and in West Irian itself, several students of the area where Brito travelled expressed regret at the inaccessibility of the Spanish text. They intimated they would welcome a translation. Between 1945 and 1960,1 had occasion to visit all the places and islands in West Irian where Brito went, and to gain some knowledge of the people and languages of the Raja Ampat Islands. Armed with this knowledge, I have attempted to edit and translate Brito's report. Before going into this further, however, I wish to express my thanks to Professor C.R. -
Still No Evidence for an Ancient Language Expansion from Africa
Supporting Online Material for Still no evidence for an ancient language expansion from Africa Michael Cysouw, Dan Dediu and Steven Moran email: [email protected] Table of contents 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Data 1.2. Measuring phoneme inventory size 1.3. Geographic distribution of phoneme inventory size 1.4. Correlation with speaker community size 1.5. Distribution over macroareas 1.6. Global clines of phoneme inventory size 1.7. Global clines of other WALS features 1.8. Searching for an origin: analysis of Atkinson’s BIC-based methodology 1.9. Software packages used 2. Supporting Text 2.1. About the term ‘phonemic diversity’ 2.2. Stability of phoneme inventory size 2.3. About the serial founder effect in human evolution and language 3. Tables 4. References 2 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Data The linguistic parameter that Atkinson (S1) investigates is the size of the phoneme inventory of a language. Although the acoustic variation of possible linguistic utterances is basically continuous in nature, humans discretely categorize this continuous variation into distinctive groups, called phonemes. This discretization is language-specific, i.e. different languages have their own structure of distinctive groups. Empirically it turns out that some languages have more groups (i.e they divide phonetic space into more fine-grained distinctive phonemes), while other distinguish less phonemic clusters of sounds. To investigate variation in phoneme inventory size, it would have been straightforward for Atkinson to use data on the actual number of phonemic distinctions in different languages. Much of what is known about phoneme inventories is based on the UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID; S2). -
Exploring Material Culture Distributions in the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea
Gender, mobility and population history: exploring material culture distributions in the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea by Andrew Fyfe, BA (Hons) Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Discipline of Geographical and Environmental Studies The University of Adelaide November 2008 …..These practices, then, and others which I will speak of later, were borrowed by the Greeks from Egypt. This is not the case, however, with the Greek custom of making images of Hermes with the phallus erect; it was the Athenians who took this from the Pelasgians, and from the Athenians the custom spread to the rest of Greece. For just at the time when the Athenians were assuming Hellenic nationality, the Pelasgians joined them, and thus first came to be regarded as Greeks. Anyone will know what I mean if he is familiar with the mysteries of the Cabiri-rites which the men of Samothrace learned from the Pelasgians, who lived in that island before they moved to Attica, and communicated the mysteries to the Athenians. This will show that the Athenians were the first Greeks to make statues of Hermes with the erect phallus, and that they learned the practice from the Pelasgians…… Herodotus c.430 BC ii Table of contents Acknowledgements vii List of figures viii List of tables xi List of Appendices xii Abstract xiv Declaration xvi Section One 1. Introduction 2 1.1 The Upper Sepik-Central New Guinea Project 2 1.2 Lapita and the exploration of relationships between language and culture in Melanesia 3 1.3 The quantification of relationships between material culture and language on New Guinea’s north coast 6 1.4 Thesis objectives 9 2. -
Sultan Zainal Abidin Syah: from the Kingdomcontents of Tidore to the Republic of Indonesia Foreword
TAWARIKH:TAWARIKH: Journal Journal of Historicalof Historical Studies Studies,, VolumeVolume 12(1), 11(2), October April 2020 2020 Volume 11(2), April 2020 p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284 ABDUL HARIS FATGEHIPON & SATRIONO PRIYO UTOMO Sultan Zainal Abidin Syah: From the KingdomContents of Tidore to the Republic of Indonesia Foreword. [ii] JOHANABSTRACT: WAHYUDI This paper& M. DIEN– using MAJID, the qualitative approach, historical method, and literature review The– discussesHajj in Indonesia Zainal Abidin and Brunei Syah as Darussalam the first Governor in XIX of – WestXX AD: Irian and, at the same time, as Sultan of A ComparisonTidore in North Study Maluku,. [91-102] Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the political process of the West Irian struggle will not have an important influence in the Indonesian revolution without the MOHAMMADfirmness of the IMAM Tidore FARISI Sultanate, & ARY namely PURWANTININGSIH Sultan Zainal Abidin, Syah. The assertion given by Sultan TheZainal September Abidin 30 Syahth Movement in rejecting and the Aftermath results of in the Indonesian KMB (Konferensi Collective Meja Memory Bundar or Round Table andConference) Revolution: in A 1949, Lesson because for the the Nation KMB. [103-128]sought to separate West Irian from Indonesian territory. The appointment of Zainal Abidin Syah as Sultan took place in Denpasar, Bali, in 1946, and his MARYcoronation O. ESERE, was carried out a year later in January 1947 in Soa Sio, Tidore. Zainal Abidin Syah was Historicalas the first Overview Governor of ofGuidance West Irian, and which Counselling was installed Practices on 23 inrd NigeriaSeptember. [129-142] 1956. Ali Sastroamidjojo’s Cabinet formed the Province of West Irian, whose capital was located in Soa Sio. -
The Reconstruction of Proto-SHWNG Morphology
David Kamholz Proto-SHWNG morphology David Kamholz <[email protected]> The Long Now Foundation, PanLex project The reconstruction of Proto-SHWNG morphology 1 Introduction • Proto-SHWNG is a high-level subgroup of Proto-Austronesian (Figure 1), first put on a firm empirical basis by Blust (1978) • About 40 SHWNG languages are now spoken on South Halmahera, the Raja Ampat islands, Cenderawasih Bay, and the lower Mamberamo river (Figure 2 on the next page) • Kamholz (2014) proposes a new subgrouping of SHWNG languages on the basis of morphological innova- tions, regular sound changes, and irregular phonological developments (Figure 3 on page 3) • Kamholz (2014) locates the homeland of Proto-SHWNG in southern Cenderawasih Bay • There is little previous work on Proto-SHWNG reconstruction; van den Berg (2009), by far the most ambitious previous attempt, is useful but relies on questionable subgrouping assumptions • Goal: To reconstruct, if possible, the Proto-SHWNG subject and inalienable possessive marking paradigms, assuming the subgrouping of Kamholz (2014) • Methodology: iterative bottom-up and top-down reconstruction, using data collected in Kamholz (2014) Proto-Austronesian Formosan Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Western Malayo-Polynesian Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian Central Malayo-Polynesian Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian Proto-South Halmahera–West Proto-Oceanic New Guinea Figure 1: The higher branches of the Austronesian family tree, after Blust (2013: 729–743), originally appearing as Blust (1977). Nodes in italics are not proto-languages, but rather are cover terms for multiple primary branches. 13-ICAL – 1 – Academia Sinica, Taipei, July 19, 2015 David Kamholz Proto-SHWNG morphology Figure 2: Map ofRaja the Ampat SHWNG archipelago. -
Governing New Guinea New
Governing New Guinea New Guinea Governing An oral history of Papuan administrators, 1950-1990 Governing For the first time, indigenous Papuan administrators share their experiences in governing their country with an inter- national public. They were the brokers of development. After graduating from the School for Indigenous Administrators New Guinea (OSIBA) they served in the Dutch administration until 1962. The period 1962-1969 stands out as turbulent and dangerous, Leontine Visser (Ed) and has in many cases curbed professional careers. The politi- cal and administrative transformations under the Indonesian governance of Irian Jaya/Papua are then recounted, as they remained in active service until retirement in the early 1990s. The book brings together 17 oral histories of the everyday life of Papuan civil servants, including their relationship with superiors and colleagues, the murder of a Dutch administrator, how they translated ‘development’ to the Papuan people, the organisation of the first democratic institutions, and the actual political and economic conditions leading up to the so-called Act of Free Choice. Finally, they share their experiences in the UNTEA and Indonesian government organisation. Leontine Visser is Professor of Development Anthropology at Wageningen University. Her research focuses on governance and natural resources management in eastern Indonesia. Leontine Visser (Ed.) ISBN 978-90-6718-393-2 9 789067 183932 GOVERNING NEW GUINEA KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE GOVERNING NEW GUINEA An oral history of Papuan administrators, 1950-1990 EDITED BY LEONTINE VISSER KITLV Press Leiden 2012 Published by: KITLV Press Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies) P.O. -
Languages with Longer Words Have More Lexical Change Søren
Languages with longer words have more lexical change Søren Wichmann and Eric W. Holman 1. Introduction: Aims and data1 The findings to be presented in this paper were not anticipated, but came about as an unexpected result of looking at how the application of a version of the Levenshtein distance to word lists compares with cognate counting. We were interested in the degree to which the two correlate. The results of this investigation are intrinsically interesting and will be presented in the following section 2, but even more interesting is our finding that differ- ences between counting cognates and measuring the Levenshtein distances vary as a function of average word lengths in the word lists compared. This observation will occupy the remainder of the paper, with section 3 devoted to establishing the sta tis tical significance of the observation across language families, while section 4 establishes the significance within language groups, and section 5 discusses competing explanations. First we briefly explain the specific version of the Levenshtein distance used and the concept of cognate identification. In numerous previous papers, beginning in Holman et al. (2008a), the present authors as well as other members of the network of scholars partici- pating in the project known as ASJP (or Automated Similarity Judgment Pro gram) have applied a computer-assisted comparison of word lists in order to derive a measure of differences among languages. Our method consists in comparing pairs of words to determine the Levenshtein distance, LD, which is defined as the number of substitutions, insertions, and deletions necessary to transform one word into another. -
Languages of Harappa
•§ Michael Witzel Feb. 17, 2000 135 k The Languages of Harappa § 1. The riddle of the Indus script and language Each year, or as it seems, by now every other month, we see a new decipherment of the Indus script. Beyond G. Possehl's fifty-odd examples (Possehl 1996), there must be some dozens more, by now frequently found on the internet. However, as is well known, neither is the script itself well understood nor do we know on which language it is based and for which languages it has been used. In this paper, I am not going to add myself to the long list of failures of decipherment of the script. Instead, I think we should first prepare the ground for such undertaking by investigating the peculiarities of the script itself, a task that has not been carried systematically enough (Wells 1998). Secondly, we should take a much closer look at the various sources which may indicate which languages were spoken in the core areas of the Indus civilization, in the Greater Panjab and in Sindh-Baluchistan. During the past few decades, the language underlying the Indus script has almost universally been taken as Proto-Dravidian (leaving aside such unlikely explanations as Sanskrit, Sumerian, etc., see Possehl 1996). This means a form of reconstructed, early Dravidian that precedes --by some two thousand years or more-- that of the Sangam (Cakam) texts which were composed in archaic Tamil around the beginning of our era. The tacit presupposition has been that the by and large South Indian Dravidian languages preceded the various dialects of Old Indo-Aryan (OIA) in the Panjab and Sindh. -
Sapaan Kekerabatan Dalam Bahasa Inggris Dan Bahasa Biak
SAPAAN KEKERABATAN DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN BAHASA BIAK (SUATU ANALISIS KONTRASTIF) JURNAL Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Ilmu Budaya Oleh : SYANNE TATUTA 100912063 Jurusan Sastra Inggris FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI MANADO 2017 ABSTRACT This research is an attempt to describe and analyze the term of address in English and Biak Language. In this research the writer uses Wardhaugh‟s, Ervin- Tripp‟s theories and Lado‟s concept, whereas the concepts relating to the terms of address to find out the differences of both languages. The aims of this research are to identify and classify and to find out the kinds of the term of address in English and Biak language and to contrast them, in order to find the differences. The English data were collected from several relevant text books and some sources from internet and previous thesis about the term of address that has been done before, whereas the Biak language data were collected from informants through investigation. The results show the types of English terms of address have (1) situations marked by status, (2) power, (3) identity and (4) generation, whereas Biak terms of address have (1) addressing terms using name (2) addressing terms using kinship, (3) addressing terms using intimacy, (4) addressing terms using respect and (5) addressing terms using mockeries. Keywords : Terms of address, English and Biak Language, Contrastive Analysis PENDAHULUAN 1. Latar Belakang Bahasa adalah instrumen utama manusia dalam mengintegrasikan dirinya baik secara internal maupun eksternal sebagai individu yang berfungsi dan partisipan aktif dalam kelompok atau masyarakat manusia (McQuown, 1978:171). -
Sulawesi Phonologies (Workpapers in Indonesian Languages And
WORIKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Vol~um~e 12 THE SUM~MER INSTITU'TE OF LINGUISTICS IN COUPERATION \VITH~ TH~E DEPARTM~ENT OF EDUCATlON AND CULTURE WORKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Volume 12 SULAWESI PHONOLOGIES Rene van den Berg Editor THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS IN COOPERATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE WORKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES VOLUME 12 SULAWESI PHONOLOGIES René van den Berg, Editor Printed 1991 Ujung Pandang, Sulawesi, "Indonesia Copies of this publication may be obtained from The Summer Institute of Linguistics KUlak Posl64 Ujung Pundang 90001 Sulewesi Selatan Indonesia Microfiche copies of this and other publications ofThe Summer Institute of Linguistics may be obtained from Academic Book Center The Summer Institute of Linguistics 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road Dallas, TX 75235 U.S.A. ISBN 979-8132-85-8 FOREWORD Earlier issues of Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures that focused on Sulawesi have dealt with survey results (see volumes 5 and 11). This is the first to be exclusively devoted to the results of phonological analysis in Sulawesi, following the pattern set by the volumes dealing with phonologies of Maluku and Irian Jaya languages. The phonologies of five languages are presented, three of which belong to the lesser known languages of the South Sulawesi group. PUS (Pitu Ulunna Salu) is described by Philip Campbell, Mamasa by DaVId Matti, and Aralle- Tabulahan by Robin McKenzie. Although the phonology of Mamasa appears to be very similar to that of Sa'dan Toraja, the other two languages show remarkable divergences, such as the presence of a sixth vowel, constraints on final nasals (only m in PUS) and the development of geminate consonants intohp,ht, etc. -
Languages of the World--Indo-Pacific Fascicle Eight
REPORT RESUMES ED 010 367 48 LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD--INDO-PACIFIC FASCICLE EIGHT. ST- VOEGELI1, C.F. VOEGELIN, FLORENCE M. INDIANA UNIV., BLOOMINGTON REPORT NUMBER NDEA- VI -63 -20 PUB DATE. APR 66 CONTRACT OEC-SAE-9480 FURS PRICE MF-$Q.18HC-52.80 70P. ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS, 8(4)/1-64, APRIL 1966 DESCRIPTORS- *LANGUAGES, *INDO PACIFIC LANGUAGES, ARCHIVES OF LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD, BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA THIS REPORT DESCRIBES SOME OF THE LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE FAMILIES OF THE SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA REGIONS OF THE INDO-PACIFIC AREA. THE LANGUAGE FAMILIES DISCUSSED WERE JAKUM, SAKAI, SEMANG, PALAUNG-WA (SALWEEN), MUNDA, AND DRAVIDIAN. OTHER LANGUAGES DISCUSSED WERE ANDAMANESE, N/COBAnESE, KHASI, NAHALI, AND BCRUSHASKI. (THE REPORT IS PART OF A SERIES, ED 010 350 TO ED 010 367.) (JK) +.0 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE b D Office of Education tr's This document has been reproduced exactlyas received from the S.,4E" L es, C=4.) person or organiz3t1on originating It. Points of view or opinions T--I stated do not nocessart- represent official °dice of Edumdion poeWon or policy. AnthropologicalLinguistics Volume 8 Number 4 April 116 6 LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD: INDO- PACIFIC FASCICLE EIGHT A Publication of the ARCHIVES OFLANGUAGES OF THEWORLD Anthropology Department Indiana University ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS is designed primarily, but not exclusively, for the immediate publication of data-oriented papers for which attestation is available in the form oftape recordings on deposit in the Archives of Languages of the World. -
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Asia No. Language [ISO 639-3 Code] Country (Region) 1 A’ou [aou] Iouo China 2 Abai Sungai [abf] Iouo Malaysia 3 Abaza [abq] Iouo Russia, Turkey 4 Abinomn [bsa] Iouo Indonesia 5 Abkhaz [abk] Iouo Georgia, Turkey 6 Abui [abz] Iouo Indonesia 7 Abun [kgr] Iouo Indonesia 8 Aceh [ace] Iouo Indonesia 9 Achang [acn] Iouo China, Myanmar 10 Ache [yif] Iouo China 11 Adabe [adb] Iouo East Timor 12 Adang [adn] Iouo Indonesia 13 Adasen [tiu] Iouo Philippines 14 Adi [adi] Iouo India 15 Adi, Galo [adl] Iouo India 16 Adonara [adr] Iouo Indonesia Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Russia, Syria, 17 Adyghe [ady] Iouo Turkey 18 Aer [aeq] Iouo Pakistan 19 Agariya [agi] Iouo India 20 Aghu [ahh] Iouo Indonesia 21 Aghul [agx] Iouo Russia 22 Agta, Alabat Island [dul] Iouo Philippines 23 Agta, Casiguran Dumagat [dgc] Iouo Philippines 24 Agta, Central Cagayan [agt] Iouo Philippines 25 Agta, Dupaninan [duo] Iouo Philippines 26 Agta, Isarog [agk] Iouo Philippines 27 Agta, Mt. Iraya [atl] Iouo Philippines 28 Agta, Mt. Iriga [agz] Iouo Philippines 29 Agta, Pahanan [apf] Iouo Philippines 30 Agta, Umiray Dumaget [due] Iouo Philippines 31 Agutaynen [agn] Iouo Philippines 32 Aheu [thm] Iouo Laos, Thailand 33 Ahirani [ahr] Iouo India 34 Ahom [aho] Iouo India 35 Ai-Cham [aih] Iouo China 36 Aimaq [aiq] Iouo Afghanistan, Iran 37 Aimol [aim] Iouo India 38 Ainu [aib] Iouo China 39 Ainu [ain] Iouo Japan 40 Airoran [air] Iouo Indonesia 1 Asia No. Language [ISO 639-3 Code] Country (Region) 41 Aiton [aio] Iouo India 42 Akeu [aeu] Iouo China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,