Systemic Report Business Focus on Labor-Related Issues
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SYSTEMIC REPORT BUSINESS FOCUS ON LABOR-RELATED ISSUES Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SHORTENINGS 5 FOREWORD 6 1 CHANGES SHAPING THE UKRAINIAN LABOR MARKET 8 2 EFFICIENCY OF THE STATE CONTROL IN THE LABOR-RELATED DOMAIN 15 2.1 Inspection of labor relations: authorities, powers 15 2.1.1 Authorities and forms of state control 15 2.1.2 Powers of state supervision bodies in the field of illegal (informal) employment 19 2.2 Risk-based approach to supervision (inspections) 21 3 PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF ISSUING PERMITTING DOCUMENTS 24 3.1 Approval of mining operations development plans 25 3.2 Revocation of permits for hazardous works 27 4 USE OF FOREIGN LABOR IN UKRAINE 29 4.1 General overview of the legal regulation and the latest legislative changes 29 4.2 Possible ways to improve legislation related to foreign staff recruitment 32 www.boi.org.ua 3 5 PROVISION OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN THE FIELD OF OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 34 5.1 General overview of the legal regulation and market state 34 5.2 Potential conflict of interests 35 5.3 Ambiguity of the examination process 36 6 LABOR LAW COMPLIANCE AND PREVENTION 39 6.1 Current state of labor law compliance in Ukraine 39 6.2 Redesigning the institutional framework from a compliance perspective 40 6.3 Need of business for effective compliance guidelines 42 www.boi.org.ua 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SHORTENINGS Abbreviations Definition BOC Business Ombudsman Council CMU Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ILO International Labor Organization Law No. 5067-VI Law of Ukraine “On Employment of Population” Law No. 2058-VIII Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine Concerning Elimination of Barriers to Attract Foreign Investments” Law No. 2694-XII Law of Ukraine “On Occupational Safety” Model Regulation No. 15 Model Regulation on the Procedure for Training and Knowledge Assessment on Occupational Safety Issues, approved with the Order of the State Committee of Ukraine on Supervision of Labor Protection No. 15 dated January 26, 2005 MTMC State Enterprise “Main Training Methodical Center” Procedure No. 295 Procedure for Exercising the State Control over Compliance with Labor Legislation, approved with the Resolution of the CMU No. 295 dated April 26, 2017 Procedure No. 1107 Procedure for Issuance of Permits for Carrying Out Hazardous Works and Exploitation (Application) of Hazardous Machines, Mechanisms, Equipment, approved with the Resolution of the CMU No. 1107 dated October 26, 2011 Regulation No. 96 Regulation on the State Service of Ukraine for Labor Issues, approved with the Resolution of the CMU No. 96 dated February 11, 2015 SES State Employment Service of Ukraine SFS State Fiscal Service of Ukraine SLS State Labor Service of Ukraine SMS State Migration Service of Ukraine SSS State Statistics Service of Ukraine www.boi.org.ua 5 FOREWORD The Ukrainian labor market has greatly • Some aspects of issuing permitting documents; changed in the last few years. These changes are associated not only with the configuration • The use of foreign labor; of employment and the level of migration • Educational services in the field of working-age people, but also with the need of occupational and industrial safety; to introduce modern approaches to the state supervision of the labor-related issues. • Labor law compliance and prevention. This systemic report of the Business Improvement of the state labor regulation Ombudsman Council (the “BOC”) is and supervision effectiveness requires devoted to the analysis of current strengthening the institutional capacity labor-relations issues and interaction of the State Labor Service of Ukraine between businesses and respective through the introduction of a web-platform state authorities. It is noteworthy that for the supervision (inspection) activity, risk-based among the most problematic factors supervision approach, and better interaction for doing business in Ukraine provided between the relevant state authorities. The BOC by the Global Competitiveness Report also recommends to improve a number Index, the indicators “Restrictive labor of specific procedures related to mining regulations” and “Poor work ethic operations and hazardous work. in national labor force” have approximately the same level as the “Insufficient capacity Development of the rules for interaction to innovate” and the “Inadequate supply and strengthening of cooperation between of infrastructure” indicators. the State Labor Service of Ukraine and other executive authorities would lead to more We have identified the following areas related efficient prevention and detection of illegal to labor issues which require, in the BOC’s (informal) employment. opinion, systemic improvements: Improvement of the procedures related • Efficiency of the state labor regulation to foreign specialists’ employment should and supervision; help to increase the investment attractiveness of Ukraine. In particular, the BOC recommends • Prevention and identification of illegal to simplify procedures for obtaining (informal) employment; www.boi.org.ua 6 an employment permit and its duplicate of the proposed changes is to prevent for foreigners, to establish a preferential regime conflicts of interest and increase transparency for foreigners who have graduated from Ukrainian of the educational process. educational institutions. An important avenue for the BOC is building The BOC paid special attention capacity on compliance with labor to redesigning the process of occupational legislation of the state authorities as well safety education, as a significant market as businesses by training their staff. This is for such educational services has already an issue to which the BOC paid special attention been formed in Ukraine. The main idea in this report. This report has been prepared by: The BOC wishes to express its gratitude for important the Deputy Business Ombudsman and valuable input in the form of comments Ms. Tetyana KOROTKA and information from the Ministry of Social Policy, the State Labor Service, the State Employment the BOC’s investigators Service, the State Regulatory Service, and the State Mr. Vladyslav ZHABSKYI Fiscal Service. Mr. Oleh MYKHALIUK Mr. Yurii GAIDAI While working on this report, the BOC has also Ms. Tetiana KHERUVIMOVA consulted the Federation of Ukrainian Employers, Mr. Vasyl SUKHOVYI the American Chamber of Commerce in Ukraine, the European Business Association, the Ukrainian Chamber of Trade and Commerce, the Union under the guidance of of Ukrainian Entrepreneurs, other business the Business Ombudsman associations, and the EU-ILO Project “Enhancing Mr. Algirdas ŠEMETA the labour administration capacity to improve working conditions and tackle undeclared work”. On a separate note, we would like to show appreciation to the significant personal contribution of Ms. Olha Krentovska, Ms. Kseniia Liapina, Mr. Roman Cherneha, Ms. Olha Makohon, Ms. Natalia Gosteva, Mr. Oleg Vachaev, Mr. Igor Gotsyk, Ms. Sofia Lytvyn, Mr. Yurii Kuzovoy, Ms. Hanna Chub, Ms. Mariana Kuts, Mr. Ihor Dehnera, Mr. Oleksandr Antoniuk, Mr. Oleksandr Hetman, Ms. Olha Kokosha, Ms. Zarina Demianenko, and Mr. Yevhenii Skulskyi. www.boi.org.ua 7 1 CHANGES SHAPING THE UKRAINIAN LABOR MARKET Ukraine is dynamically integrating into the world (the “SSS”)2. The urban population comprised economic environment. The most significant approximately 29.4 M people (69.3%), preconditions for this are the implementation 13.1 M people (30.7%) lived in the rural area. of the EU – Ukraine Association Agreement, The number of persons aged 0-15 years the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade was 16.3% of the total population, at the age Areas (DCFTA) and the use of the advantages of 60 years and older – 22.9%, at the age of 16 existing free trade agreements, of 16- 59 years – 60.8%. In 2017, the population which cover 45 countries and open up of Ukraine decreased by 198.1 thousand people. access to 800 million potential consumers. The transformations that accompany Ukraine’s The composition of the Ukrainian population is international economic integration are also characterized by significant gender imbalance. reflected in macroeconomic and labor market Predominance of the female population indicators. The recent EBRD Transition report over the male population in Ukraine has 2018-191 indicates that the Ukrainian economy been observed starting from 36 years old moderately paces to recovery path. Economic and increases with age. output expanded by 2.5 per cent in 2017, with domestic demand as the main driver, The main indicators of the Ukrainian labor and the pace of growth has picked up so far market show a slight decrease of the number in 2018. of economically active population (at the age of 15-70) from 17.95 M Ukrainian labor market information. in 2016 to17.85 M p eople in 2017. As of January 01, 2018, the existing population The dynamics of key labor market indicators is of Ukraine was 42.4 M people according given below. to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine The main indicators of the Ukrainian labor market (Chart 1)3 Economically active population Age 15-70 Working age On average, In % to the given On average, In % to the given thousand people age group thousand people age group 2014 19,920.9 62.4 19,035.2 71.4 2015 18,097.9 62.4 17,396.0 71.5 2016 17,955.1 62.2 17,303.6 71.1 2017 17,854.4 62.0 17,193.2 71.5 The employment rate of the population of 2016- 2017, and on the contrary, among (aged 15-70) decreased the working-age population, it increased from 56.3% to 56.1% in the period from 64.2% to 64.5%.