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Historical Sketch of Franklin County, Pennsylvania

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Historical Sketch of Franklin County, Pennsylvania feiplt. Class Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT HISTORICAL SKETCH OP Franklin County, Pennsylvania. PREPARED FOR THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, HELD AT Ghambersburg, Pa., July 4, 1876. By I. II. M'CAIILEY. 'Incompleteness pervades all things human."—Dryden. SECOND EDITION—ENLARGED. HARIIISBURG, PA.: PATRIOT PUBLISHING COMPANY. 18t8. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1878, by I. H. M'CAULEY, In the OflBce of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Hl^ PREFATORY. The undersigned, in the following "Sketch," has not at- tempted to give a complete History of our county. He has sought, chiefly, to bring to notice those matters which have escaped the attention of former writers. In doing this, his labors have been greatly augmented by the loss of the Public Records of the county, and the destruction of private papers, in the great fire of July 30th, 1864. He trusts, however, that he has brought together many things connected with the Past, that cannot fail to interest the general reader ; and in the 7c] Lists of C jngressional, Judicial and other Public Oflicers of , 3t times, he believes the people will find a Record both iful and interesting. The undersigned hereby returns his sincere thanks to Hon. hn B. Linn, Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth ; xiiomas M'Camant, Esq., his Chief Clerk,^ and B. F. Chand- ler, Esq., of the same office ; 0. H. Miller, Esq., State Libra- rian, and J. R. Orwig, Esq., his assistant; B. M. Nead, Esq., of the Auditor General's Office ; Dr. Wm. H. Egle, of Harris- burg ; Robert M. Agnew, Esq., of Lancaster ; Hon. Edward M'Pherson, of Gettysburg; Dr. C. T. Maclay, Dr. Wm. C. Lane and Dr. Wm. H. Boyle, and the various gentlemen of the local committees of our county, and others of our citizens, for the valuable aid given by them in furnishing information and materials needed in the prosecution of his labors. I. H. M'CAULEY, November, 1876. Chambersburg, Pa. a HISTORICAL SKETCH. I. BEFORE THE COUNTY'S FORMATION. The discover}' of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492, was of the greatest value to the rulers of Europe, in that it furnished to them a means of getting rid, for the time at least, of many of the restless, unruly, and dangerous spirits frequent- ing their Courts, by sending them off on voyages of discovery to the new world. Such enterprises always possessed attrac- tions of the most alluring character to such persons, as they promised ricli rewards in plunder and untold increase of honor. The mode of acquiring title to the unknoAvn lands of the West, then in vogue, had in it more of form than of fact—more of might than of right. It consisted in authorizing some bold navigator, or renowned warrior, to seize upon and claim for the sovereign under whose authority he was acting, any and all imsettled countries he might find, and the mode of opera- tion, as is well known, was to land upon the coast, or in some bay or river, plant a cross emblazoned with the insignia of his nationality, unfurl his flag, and claim all the regions around for his own monarch, to the exclusion of all other claimants. In this consisted the vaunted "Right of Prior Discover}'"— kind of kingly "squatter sovereignt}'"—a term much known to and quarreled over by the people of these free States in years not long since passed away. It seems as if the discovery of America was made in ad- vance of the necessities of the world, for near two centuries passed away before the vast territories thus opened up to settlement and cultivation became available for any real good to the mass of mankind. During tliese long years the New World witnessed many a scene of rapine and bloodshed, com- mitted by the followers of those knights of the sword and pistol, the musquetoon and the cannon, by whom the discoveries were made. The French, the Spanish, the Germans, and the English contended for the supremacy all along the coast from 6 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FHANKLIN COUNTY. Labrador to the Gulf of Mexico, and their monarchs lavishly granted awa}' princely domains to favorite courtiers, or to troublesome subjects, sometimes for friendship, and at other times for monc}^, of which "latter they were always in great need. GRANT TO WILLIAM PENN, Acting upon both these principles, Charles II. of England on the 4th day of March, 1681, primarily for a debt of £16,- 000 (or about $80,000 of our money) owing by his father, Charles I., to Admiral Sir William Penn, deceased, the father of William Penn, granted to the latter a district of country Ij'ing west of the Delaware river, and corresponding very nearly to the territory embraced in the present State of Penn- sj'lvania—or "Penn's Woods"—which name the King bestowed upon it in honor of the father of the new proprietor, and against his protestations. Thus our whole Commonwealth, containing over twenty-eight millions of acres, (28,362,880) of the most beautiful and valuable land on the continent of America was l^artered away b}' King Charles for a sum not equal to the present price of half a dozen farms in our valley. The Duke of York, afterwards James II. of England, was then the owner of the territory now embraced in the State of Delaware, under a grant from his brother, King Charles II., made in 1664, and Penn, who wished to have free access to the sea from his new possessions, purchased it from him in the suc- ceeding year. Thus it came that for many years after the es- tablishment of Penn's government here, Delaware, or the three lower counties of "Xew Castle, Kent and Sussex," were in- cluded in and formed part of the territory of Pennsylvania. William Penn, at the time he received his grant from King Charles II., was about thirty-seven years of age. He was a man of elegant presence, of large wealth, of fair education, and deeply imbued with the principles of his religious sect. He had been persecuted time and again because of his religious opinions been imprisoned and fined, and had appealed, ; had without success, to Parliament for toleration and protection for his co-religionists and for himself. Despairing of success at home, Penn was the mord anxious to secure a home for his persecuted brethren in the New AVorld, to which considerable numbers of them had already HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. i emigrated. Of the territory granted to him he was made absolute proprietor. Its people were secured in the right of self-government through representatives elected by their own all ; no taxes votes ; religious equality was guaranteed to were to be imposed save by their own legislatures, or by act of Parliament, and the power to annul their laws was only to be exercised b}' the King and his Council, when those laws were contrary to the laws of England. William Penn, and those colonists who came with him, reached New Castle, Delaware, on the 2Tth of October, 1682. In the presence of the Swedish, Dutch and English settlers whom he found there, he pledged himself to the people that the}' should ever have "liberty of conscience, and the full and free enjoyment of all their civil rights. "I propose," said he, "to leave myself and my successors no power of doing mischief, that the will of no one man may hinder the good of the whole countr}'." penn's treaty. One of the first acts of the new proprietor was to call to- gether the chiefs of the neighboring tribes of Indians and enter into the celebrated treaty of peace and friendship with them, under the spreading elm at Shackamaxon—now Kensing- ton, in the cit}' of Philadelphia—a treaty that was confirmed by no oaths, and had for its basis simply a promise of peace and good will, fair dealing and fair treatment in all the re- lations of the future. It remained unbroken for fifty j'ears, and well would it have been for those who in after times suc- ceeded the upright and peace-loving Quakers, if they had always practiced towards the red men of the land the teach- ings of William Penn. Had the}' done so hundreds of valu- able lives would have been saved, and many years of war, rapine and bloodshed averted from the hardy, industrious and fearless settlers of the hills and valleys of our magnificent State. FIRST COUNTIES. The first counties erected in the State were Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester, in 1682. The latter extended westward to the western boundary of Penn's territorial claim, and north- ward I know not exactly how far. It, however, included the 8 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. territory eBibraced in this county. On the 10th of May, 1729, the county of Lancaster Avas erected out of the western part of Chester count}', and this section of country was embraced within its limits, and there remained until the erection of Cumberland county, on the 2Tth of January, 1150, a period of over twenty years, SETTLEMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND VALLEY. There were no white settlers in this region that I have been able to hear of, in the year 1129. There may have been oc- casional visits made by hunters and scouts, but if so we have no records of them. The land la}' open in all its virgin beauty, its sole occupants being scattered bands of the Susquehanna and Shawanese tribes of Indians, who held a nominal pos- session of it under the protection of the Iroquois or Six Nations.
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