Camp Near Manassas Junction, June 21St, 1861 Camp Near Sharpsburg, Maryland, October 23 , 1862

The Civil War Letters of George Cramer

Edited by Martin Gehring

The Civil War Letters of George Cramer

Edited by Martin Gehring

Table of Contents Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, October 14th, 1862 ...... 49 Table of Contents ...... 7 st Editor‘s Note ...... 9 Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, October 21 , 1862 ...... 50 1861 ...... 13 rd Camp near Manassas Junction, June 21st, 1861 Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, October 23 , 1862 ...... 52 ...... 13 th Camp Curtin, November 14th, 1861 ...... 14 Harrisburg, November 24 , 1862 ...... 53 Annapolis, Dec. 1st, 1861 ...... 15 1863 ...... 54 Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 7th, 1861 ...... 16 Germ. Reformed Church Hospital, Harrisburg 54 th Germ. Reformed Hospital, Harrisburg, February Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 11 , 1861 ...... 17 th th 12 , 1863 ...... 54 Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 19 , 1861 ...... 18 th Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 30th, 1861 ...... 19 Harrisburg, February 12 , 1863 ...... 55 Camp Distribution near Fort Barnard, March 1862 ...... 21 rd Annapolis, Maryland, Jan. 3rd, 1862 ...... 21 23 , 1863 ...... 55 St. John College, Annapolis, Maryland, Jan. Camp near Fletcher Chapel, Virginia, March 28th, 1863 ...... 56 11(?), 1862 ...... 22 th Annapolis, Maryland, Jan. 26, 1862 ...... 23 Camp near Fletchers Chapel, Virginia, April 8 , th 1863 ...... 58 Annapolis, Maryland, Jan. 27 , 1862 ...... 23 th Annapolis, Febr. 9th, 1862 ...... 24 Camp near Fletchers Chapel, Va., April 12 , Annapolis, Maryland, Feb. 14th, 1862 ...... 25 1863 ...... 59 Camp near Fletchers Chapel, Virginia, April St. John College, Annapolis, Maryland, Feb. 27, st 1862 ...... 26 21 , 1863 ...... 61 th Camp near Fletchers Chapel, Virginia, April Annapolis, Maryland, March 12 , 1862...... 27 th th 27 , 1863 ...... 62 Washington, April 12 , 1862 ...... 27 th th Camp below Fredericksburg, April 30 , 1863 63 Washington, D.C., April 16 , 1862 ...... 28 th Camp near Manassas Junction, April 21st, 1862 Camp near Fitzhugh House, Virginia, May 7 , ...... 29 1863 ...... 63 Camp near Fitz-Hugh House, Virginia, May 8th, Camp near White Oak Church, Virginia, May 13th, 1863 ...... 64 1862 ...... 31 th Camp near Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 17th, Camp near Fitzhugh House, Virginia, May 17 , 1863 ...... 67 1862 ...... 31 th Camp near Front Royal, Virginia, June 6, 1862 Camp near Fitzhugh House, Virginia, May 25 , 1863 ...... 68 ...... 32 nd Camp near Warrenton, Virginia, July 20th, 1862 Camp near Guilford Station, Virginia, June 22 , 1863 ...... 70 ...... 34 th Camp near Warrenton, Virginia, July 22nd, South Mountain, Maryland, July 8 , 1863 ...... 71 Camp between Boonsboro & Funkstown, 1862 ...... 34 th Camp near Waterloo, Va., August 3rd, 1862 ... 35 Maryland, July 11 , 1863 ...... 73 Camp at Rappahannock Station, Virginia, Camp near Culpepper, Virginia, Thursday, th th Saturday morning, August 8 , 1863 ...... 74 August 7 , 1862 ...... 36 th Monday, August 11th, 1862 ...... 38 Rappahannock Station, Virginia, August 12 , th 1863 ...... 76 Camp beyond Cedar Mountain, August 17 , th 1862 ...... 39 Rappahannock Station, Virginia, August 14 , 1863 ...... 77 Camp near Cedar Mountain, W. Slaughter(?), th August 18th, 1862...... 41 Rappahannock Station, Virginia, August 20 , th 1863 ...... 77 Tuesday morning, September 4 , 1862 ...... 41 th Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, September Rappahannock Station, Virginia, August 24 , st 1863 ...... 79 21 , 1862 ...... 43 th Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, September Rappahannock Station, Virginia, August 28 , th 1863 ...... 79 29 , 1862 ...... 44 th Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, October 7th, Rappahannock Station, Virginia, August 30 , 1863 ...... 80 1862 ...... 46 th Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, October 10th, Camp Rappahannock Station, Virginia, Sept. 8 , 1862 ...... 48 1863 ...... 81 Camp near Rappahannock Station, Virginia, Sept. 12th, 1863 ...... 82 Camp near Rappahannock Station, Virginia, Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, Aug. 14th, Sunday, noon, Sept. 13th, 1863 ...... 83 1864 ...... 129 Camp near Culpepper, Virginia, Sept. 18th, 1863 Mount Pleasant Hosp., Aug. 18th, 1864 ...... 130 ...... 84 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, Aug. 24th, Camp near Culpepper, Virginia, Sept. 21st, 1863 1864 ...... 131 ...... 85 Mount Pleasant Hosp., Aug. 30th, 1864 ...... 132 Camp near Culpepper, Virginia, Sept. 24th, 1863 Baltimore, Nov. 2 ...... 132 ...... 86 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, Nov. 18th, Camp near Rapidan, Virginia, Oct. 1st, 1863 .. 87 1864 ...... 133 1864 ...... 105 Mount Pleasant Hosp., Nov. 23rd, 1864 ...... 134 Alexandria, Virginia, January 1st, 1864 ...... 105 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Cedar Mountain, Va, January 3rd, 1864 ...... 105 Nov. 30th, 1864 ...... 134 Camp Cedar Mountain, January 7th, 1864 ...... 106 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Camp [on] Cedar Mountain, Va., Jan., 1864 .... 107 Dec. 6th, 1864 ...... 135 Camp on Cedar Mountain, Va, January 22nd, 1864 Jacksonville, Dec. the 11th, 1864 ...... 136 ...... 108 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Camp on Cedar Mountain, Va. Tuesday evening, Dec. 12th, 1864 ...... 136 Jan. 26th, 1864 ...... 109 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Alexandria, Jan. 26th, 1864 ...... 111 Dec. 22nd, 1864 ...... 137 Camp on Cedar Mountain, Va, January 27th, 1864 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, ...... 111 Dec. 25th, 1864 ...... 138 April the 3rd, 1864, Alexandria, Va...... 112 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Camp near Culpepper, Va., April 12th, 1864 .... 112 Dec. 29th, 1864 ...... 138 Camp near Culpepper, Va., April 15th, 1864 .... 113 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Jan. 8th, 1865 ...... 139 Carlisle, April 15th, 1864...... 114 Mount Pleasant, Jan. 12th, 1865...... 140 Camp near Culpepper, Va., April 21st, 1864 .... 114 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Wash. Jan. 15th, 1865 Near Culpepper, Va., April 25th, 1864 ...... 115 ...... 141 Carlisle, May 3rd, 1864 ...... 116 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Alexandria, Va., May the 7th, 1864 ...... 117 Jan. 23rd, 1865 ...... 142 Camp in the field near Spotsylvania Court House, Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D. May the 15th, 1864 ...... 118 C., Feb. 4th, 1865 ...... 143 Camp in the field, near Spottsylvania Court Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D. House, May 18th, 1864 ...... 119 C., Feb. 13th, 1865 ...... 143 In the field, near Spottsylvania Court House, Va., Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D. May 21st, 1864 ...... 119 C., Feb. 19th, 1865 ...... 144 Convalescence...... 122 Mount Pleasant Hosp., Ward 2, Wash. D.C., Mount Pleasant Hospital, Wash. D.C., June 4th, Febr.21st, 1865 ...... 145 1864 ...... 122 Carlisle, Feb. 22nd, 1865 ...... 145 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Mt. Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D.C., D.C., June 9, 1864 ...... 122 Feb. 26th, 1865 ...... 146 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D.C., June 12, 1864 ...... 123 Mount Pleasant Hosp., Ward 2, June 17th, 1864123 Mount Pleasant Hospital, June 19th, 1864, Washington ...... 124 Mount Pleasant Hospital, June 22nd, 1864 ...... 125 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, July 15th, 1864 ...... 125 Fort Baxter, Virginia, July 19th, 1864 ...... 126 Mount Pleasant Hospital, July 22nd, 1864 ...... 127 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, July 27th, 1864 ...... 127 Mount Washington Hospital, Aug. 8th, 1864 .... 128 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Aug. 12th, 1864 ...... 128 Armory Square Hosp., August 13th, 1864 ...... 129 Editor’s Note the tedious, intimate minutia of married life, made all the more poignant for being I do not have a large family: mother lived out in the shadow of a great war. and father, one sister and one brother, both Transcribing these letters has given me older. I had one maternal grandfather who a new appreciation for the editor‘s craft. lived in Clear Lake, Iowa, and one To begin with, there was my complete paternal grandmother in Carlisle, ignorance of how the English language Pennsylvania, both dead now. A tidy, was used in the mid nineteenth century (let symmetrical family, but hardly what I alone today). Some words were foreign to would think of as large. In Carlisle, there me; meaning I couldn‘t tell whether to was an Uncle Charlie, an Aunt Joan, some correct the spelling or enlarge my assorted cousins (all substantially older vocabulary. Then there was the fact that than me), but none that I would consider the writers were of German descent, ―close.‖ meaning they brought to their letters the My paternal grandmother, Elsie Germanic tendency toward run-on Klepfer, lived in a small apartment, having sentences. Add to this the utter disregard long since sloughed off much of her life‘s for punctuation, and it can become accumulation to nearby relations. I was extremely difficult to decide where one too young – not so much in years as in thought ends and another begins. maturity – to remember much about the There were certain conventions of funeral. As a teenager, my awareness cursive writing unique to the time that didn‘t extend much beyond myself. About took me a while to figure out, such as the all I remember is the return drive from habit of writing what appeared to be an ―f‖ Carlisle to Valparaiso with two in place of a final s. I‘ll never think of unexpected new possessions: A white and Christmaf the same. yellow gold ring with a blue star sapphire Their German heritage also came which someone unaccountably thought I through in their exuberant use of capitals. should have (and which was promptly Most any noun, or any other word they stolen from my locker in high school), and took a shining to, could be capitalized, these letters. making it additionally difficult to identify They came to me in an old wooden the beginning of sentences. cigar box which had managed to keep Their grammar was a challenge; we‘ll them in remarkably good condition (It is leave it at that. Add to this the general hard to imagine that all my PH-balanced informal and creative use of language plastic sleeves and acid-free album pages employed by a husband and wife who will serve them much better.). For years, I were writing to each other, never was simply their keeper, shuffling them suspecting that some nosy relative would, from drawer to closet to apartment to more than a century later, be house. I did read them from time to time, eavesdropping on their correspondence however, and was gradually drawn ever and, well, all I can say is I did the best I deeper into the lives of the two could. correspondents. They are not beautifully I started with the simple rule that I written. They are occasionally dramatic, would do a literal transcription of the touching as they do on moments of history letters, which soon fell apart as I came – Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, across sentences that made no sense, etc. – but more often they are filled with words that didn‘t appear in any dictionary, and nearly undecipherable handwriting. It Story of the Regiment (1872, James Miller seemed each new rule I tried to set for Publisher, New York), Bruce Catton‘s The myself was shortly overwhelmed by American Heritage New History of the exceptions. In the end, rules gave way to Civil War, and Samuel P. Bates‘ History of more of a ―guiding principle‖ of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-65, as readability. Where a sentence made no found at http://www.pa-roots.com/pacw/ sense, I did my best to decipher the intent infantry/11th/11thorg3yr.html. and, with a minimum of changes, bring A t the end of the day, however, I am that meaning out. When a word was no scholar. My only wish in this unrecognizable, I substituted another that undertaking is to make these letters seemed to fit in its stead. Occasionally, available, at the risk of great when I was particularly unsure of my embarrassment to myself, to my larger guess, I marked it with a (?). If it seemed family and anyone else who might take an to me, in the haste of writing, that a word interest. They cover a remarkable time in or partial word had been omitted, I our history, and record an equally enclosed the missing bits in parenth[esis]. remarkable story of sacrifice, endurance, Most of the letters were written by and love. I apologize to George and Mary George to his wife. Only three of Mary‘s for the mistakes I have no doubt made, and letters have survived, along with a few for this invasion of their privacy, but I also from friends and relatives (included thank them for leaving us a witness of chronologically). I have added footnotes what strength and duty look like, and for to help the reader keep track of some of making me even prouder to be a part of the more salient events mentioned, relying this family. primarily on William Henry Locke‘s The

Figure 1: Mary Cramer

Figure 2: George Cramer

the last deplorable Battle, back to here (Manassas). How soon and what direction 1861 we will be moved from here is, as everything to us, unknown. Dear Mary, I have refrained from writing to you so far of me not being as Camp near Manassas Junction, well as I might be, but I certainly feel it to June 21st, 1861 be my duty to let you know. But let it by no means alarm you as I am not confined. Dear Wife, I took sick while near Fredericksburg, and for the anxiety of Capt. Kuhn & Lieut. I received your letter, written the Noble and the Doctor about me, I went in 11th of June, on last Sunday shortly after our Hospital for two days when I was right mailing one for you which I hope you ill. However, recovered some and left it have received before this. You promised rather being out in the air. Jack Smal me in yours you would write if you would came to our Camp the same day. He was receive the money during the week, on scared about the way I looked then (you Sunday, but I have waited from day to know that even one day‘s sickness always day, but no tidings from you yet, and I had a great effect on me). He told me that should feel quiet uneasy about the money, he was likely to return home, and forbid had it not been of Michael Smith receiving him then not to say anything about my a letter from his wife dated and mailed one illness. You might hear it and get unne- day after yours, the 12th, stating that Mrs. cessary troubled about it, as I began to feel Cramer, Righter & Roll have received better again. I do not know whether he got their money. Therefore I think that you back to Carlisle or not. Ever since I did may have written, and the letter got not recover rightly, but of course the kind delayed somewhere. I should have waited of life we have, no person would wonder. a day or two longer of writing, but as I am made comfortable as far as it possible Sergeant James Noble, Holmes Mason and by my officers, they excusing me of duty several other have received letters from all the time. Therefore, as I said before, home, stating that it is reported there that let it not trouble you. we were pretty much cut up, especially If there is a likelihood of staying Noble's letter states that the report says here for a while, I think I recruit up again.1 that George Cramer is killed and no doubt I shall close as my head feels rather light some imprudent persons have run to you this morning. Hoping that our Maney has about it. I can only wonder how some recovered fully, and the rest of you all people can manufacture such distressing being well, I remain reports as that. Hoping though that you received Your affectionate husband, my letters namely the one when I sent the money, and the one after, which will have satisfied you at the time the report to be George Cramer incorrect. On the contrary, we have been in no fight whatever as yet, and as you will 1 Originally commissioned for a three-month see by the heading of the letter that we are period, the regiment petitioned to continue their drawn out from the mountains again since service, being granted a three-year commission by the Secretary of War on July 25, 1861. Dear Mary, since I left you last, camp ---  --- life has become a good deal more burdensome to me than before. The Camp Curtin, November 14th, 1861 weather we had since sets hard on the man. There is a great many who have Dear Wife, taken sick and if we are not taken to a warmer climate (of which I can see no I suppose you think I have forgotten sign of it yet) or get different quarters, home for not writing home for so long a there will be a good deal of sickness time, and I really don't know what to say among us. As far as I am concerned, I had in justification of it, only that soldiering is nothing more than a heavy cold which such a lazy life that you don't care about settled in my limbs so that it become very doing anything, and again we are fixed so burdensome to me for to drill and all the very handsome with writing stands and other duties which a soldier got to do, all etc. But I am compelled to write this letter of which I got to do my full share. to set you at ease about me, and at the Then since I am down here again there other hand in defense of a false report is no tailoring to be done anymore. I have which has been started about me. I will not made a single cent since the men have not accuse anybody for doing it no money and the dear only knows when maliciously, as it was published in the we will get some. It seems that the Harrisburg Telegraph that there was an individual brought before the mayor and sent to jail on account of drunkenness, with the name of George Kramer. No doubt some of the people in Carlisle were pleased at it, but if they were I can assure them that it wasn't George Cramer from Carlisle. Dear Mary, I would not have considered worth the trouble to write Figure 3: Camp Curtin anything about it as the captain told me, after he returned from home, that there government cares little or none about how was such a report about me but he the men and their families get along, so corrected it, which he could easily do that the officials has their pockets filled. [since] he knows that I have not been out I can give you no information how of camp since the day I came down from soon we might leave here, and it is very Carlisle. But Alexander Wolf, a member little trouble to me whether we do or not. of our company, came down last Monday The only thing I care of [is] getting our morning and told me that your Uncle J. pay now. It will be three months next Gebhard ask[ed] him whether I was in Wednesday that we are in service now and Harrisburg last(?), which makes me think I think it is time that we‘re getting paid that you might still be in trouble, and as I off. If not, I have a notion to come home said before that I was not out of camp and stay home, and if they want me they since the day I came down (of which the may take me back again. I don't think that whole company can bear me witness), this it is right to keep the men for such a length may satisfy you and anybody else. of time out of money. The government knows that they have a great number of married men in the army, and by not I understood that Sam Arnold had to paying them, their families have to suffer. go to Baltimore for a cutter, as the one Dear Mary, the hope of getting a succeeding me left. He won't get a Geo. situation in the army through the influence Cramer in Harry(?). of our captain, I have given up. I don't I only wanted to write on the clean half know what to think of him, and if I do sheet of the paper, but it wouldn't reach. think, I don't want to say it. Anyhow, I am greatly disappointed in the man. G. C. Mary, I wish you could send me down some butter and, as you have flower, you ---  --- may send me some cakes, as I have a pretty good appetite since the weather is Annapolis, Dec. 1st, 1861 cool and sometimes our rations are not the very best. James Wardon told me that Dear Wife, Aunt Mary would be down, which I expected before this, where I thought I You will excuse me for not writing would get a whole basket of good things; to you before we left Camp Curtin2. I but I have nothing seen of her yet. I would suppose John told you that I was working not get angry at all if she would come; she when he was to see me and was kept at it might bring you along with. Would I have till we left. Yes the night before we left I drawn money, I would have written before worked all night. We left Camp Curtin this to come down. If you will send last Wednesday evening at dark & arrived anything down for me, Charles Houlk and at Baltimore sometime after day light, then Holmes Mason are up in Carlisle and were kept in the cars like a set of locked James Whardon is talking about going up. up sheep for couple of hours, then Ask John why he is not coming down to marched through Baltimore to the wharf see me and the blessed place, Camp where we took the steamer for Annapolis, Curtain. arrived here at night and are quartered now Give my respect to John Eckert and in the college of the navy yard. But how tell him a half a dollar or a dollar bill long we are going to remain here is not for would come a soldier mighty handy. us to know. All we do know is that we Hoping that you are all well and have to be ready to march at any time. The continue so, I remain government has not seen proper yet to pay us [off] although we are over three month Your affectionate husband, in service, and I can see no preparation for it yet. We married men have therefore the pleasant assurance that our families at George Cramer home are living in want, being that the little assistance which [they] received N.B. Give my respect to all relations and heretofore at home is cut down to a mere friends. Write often and soon. Don't wait nothing. always until you get a letter from me first. Dear Mary, I suppose you like to The Post stamps are scarce. I had to get know from time to time how I like it. I can the loan of four cents to buy stamp and envelope, and that is very hard to get here 2 On November 27, the regiment was transferred now. It seems everybody is broken. from Camp Curtin, where it had lost eleven men to sickness, to better quarters in Annapolis, Maryland. only tell you that I like it at present as well health to you so that our dear little ones as the case will admit. You will have won't suffer, and may spare them health so perceived in my last letter that I am not that the burden might not lay too heavy pleased with the treatment of one certain upon you. man, which has nothing altered yet. Yes, I Write to me soon how you are all am good enough when he has any work to getting on. Give my respects to all do, but when it is done I am not noticed relations and friends. I must close with a anymore. But Mary, keep that to your farewell and a sweet kiss for you & and self. for my two little children. Dear Mary, when John was to see me, he said that you would like to know Your affectionate husband, about renting. I am at a loss at it, being that we can't tell how we receive our pay, or when this war might end so that George Cramer husbands could come home and provide for their families themselves. Of course, if ---  --- Mr. Fleager troubles you for money and is not willing to wait until I am still able to Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 7th, 1861 send money home, then don't rent from him. I cannot see that you will be able to Dear Wife, pay before you receive it from me. I shall try to send you all, or pretty near all my I received your letter dated the pay which comes to me. Further more third, and although it had the sad Mary, I would advise you not to keep the intelligence that our Harry still continues hogs to feed any longer. I would kill sick, and your mother at the same time, I them. It will take some expense off your was still glad to hear from you so soon. hand. Yes, it will give you meat which is a Then you may believe me since I'm further great item in the family. away from you, the oftener I would like to Dear Mary, we are now not far learn how my family is getting on. It is from the line of the enemy. Of course, we painful for me to hear, of course, the way may be directed at any hour to face them you are situated at present, without being in line of battle and which will come able to render you any assistance at all sooner or later. Should that come, and the (nothing but my prayers), and at the same news reach you, I hope you will bear it time unable to tell when I might send you like a true Christian woman; not despair, some money. The only thing which but think that our heavenly father can inspires some of our men is that our shield me in battle as well as at home. colonel has went on to Washington, but on Remember, not all will fall that goes to what errand, of course, is hard to tell. battle. Let us both pray to God that I may Some think on account of getting the return safely to you and my dear little department of giving us our pay, but I children. But should He have designed it don't expect no such good news. It seems otherwise, then still let us pray ―Thy will to me that we are just have to soldier be done,‖ which will be comfort even in without any consideration of our families. the hour of death. But if this should continue on this way, it Dear Mary, my constant prayer will have certainly have a bad effect on the shall be that God may preserve life and men. They are so poor, that they can't buy with the intention of joining the wagons, themselves a block of tobacco. but still hope that Shnoerrs(?) may Some people might think, when dissuade him, and if he does go, that he they hear that I work some at my trade, may have better luck in getting his pay that I make money. I will give you a slight than we have. idea of it how much I make. Ever since I As you see by the heading of this, left home, I received from my company we are still at this place, quartered in the $1.40 in cash. Out of this, I laid out for Naval Academy Building, and therefore them again, before we left Camp Curtain, much better quartered than in Camp 72 cents. Of course I have some coming Curtin. Of course stoves we have none. to me now if they get paid. So you can see So you need not trouble yourself about that all the spending money I had, I made me, I feel well. Only when I think of the out of other companies, which wasn't a ones at home, that they have to live in great deal, than they are just in the same want, it makes me feel miserable. How fix as we are: no money. And to work on long we are to remain here I am unable to trust for them, I don't do. I believe, should tell. we be paid off, that I could make Hoping that Harry and your mother something. They all like to get me to do may have much improved in health, I their work. remain Dear Mary, you tell me that you only received four dollars of the Relief Your affectionate husband, Fund, which I think is not fair play on the part of the board's Mr. Saxon(?). Mrs. Fair received the same time eight dollars. George Cramer Of course, she should have more as she has five children, but the difference is too Write soon. great. They ought to consider that it cost you just as much for rent, wood, and light ---  --- with two children as it would with five. I should not complain about it if we were Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 11th, 1861 paid off once. As I perceived in your letter you Dear Wife, will kill the hogs next Monday, and as I can't participate, I have to wish you all a I have just received your letter with right good appetite so that you can eat my the sad intelligence about Harry, and part, as you will have to do my part of somehow I believe it is even worse than work. I shall have to be content with you even wrote. Therefore I hasten to Uncle Sam's ration at present, but hope answer you so soon. There is a strange and pray that I may soon be able to return feeling about me which makes me believe home to wife and children, to live again that our dear Harry is no more. If so, dear with them. May God give peace to the Mary, let me know the worse immediately, country again so that trade may flourish than as it is now, it is even worse than it and every husband be enabled to provide would be to know the whole truth, if it is for them which God has given him. so as I think. But if he lives yet, it shall be Mary, I was really surprised to certainly a great relief to me. learn that John Eckert has left Carlisle You should by this time have Hoping this may reach you in received my second letter from here which health, and that you may be able to write I mailed last Saturday evening. We are me better news than I expect, I close with still in the same quarters yet I have stated a goodnight kiss for you all. in my last letter. I have also written to Shnerrs(?) last Sunday, but have received Your affectionate husband, no answer yet. I can therefore tell you not the whereabouts of John Eckert, but I expect an answer soon. George Cramer I wish he was in Carlisle yet. I would feel assured that you would have at ---  --- least one good friend from my side. It certainly gives me pain to hear of the Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 19th, 1861 conduct of my sister Mary. But still, as I am sure that you have given her no reason Dear Wife, on your part to justify her in her conduct, let that not trouble you. All I would enjoin I received your letter dated the upon you is, should she come to the house, twelfth, and find that Harry is still living treat her kindly, which I'm sure you will. and, to my great relief, something better. I wish I could be at home with you From your last letter, I feared that I would again and could share with you in the be told he is no more. But let us trust in burden of the family. But that sober sense God, and with his will you may still comes too late, so therefore we must hope inform of his recovery yet. As far as and pray that God, our Heavenly Father, myself, I am here in the same place as I may grant that he shall once more bring us last informed you, but this day four of our together all. But if he should have companies will leave to be stationed along designed it otherwise, let us bear it in a the railroad from here to Annapolis true Christian faith: that we shall meet Junction (The same as McHartney's(?) again where there is no parting anymore. company was, I believe.), but my company As far as I am, I enjoy good health will stay here3. It may be likely that we and have no reason to complain. I am well have to relieve them in ten days, of which treated by my officers. The duties is light I not care about doing. I rather would stay they have put on me since I'm down here, here. But a soldier can't select his I stood but one guard since. We have position. Though should we have to go, delightful weather here. It is warm like you can still write to me when I shall give spring, which I scarcely think you have at you the proper instruction. home, and hope we may stay here this You wrote to me that if one of our winter. We have received no pay yet; can men would come up, you would like to send you, therefore, no assistance yet. The send me something down of our hogs. Colonel has not returned yet and there is This opportunity you will have as Mr. W. no sign of pay for our regiment yet. We H. Mason, the bearer of this, told me that have a good many troops here & in the neighborhood. They receive their pay 3 regular. I cannot imagine why we are kept Companies B, E, I, and K were sent out to guard rail lines, while the remaining five companies, out of pay for so long a time, but hope that including George Cramer‘s A company, provided we soon get it. provost guard for the city and fatigue duty at the Naval Academy. he will bring down anything you may send. He will tell you the time when he will return and again that time you will George Cramer bring it to him. Don't send me anything which will put you in expenses. Mrs. N.B. Good morning to you all. I shall try Aunt Neider might send me a bottle of Old to get an hour sleep yet. I expect to be on Rye, which we can't get here. You will guard tomorrow. It will be some more seal the cork and pack it among the other duties for the company which stays here to things. We have, since last week, a Sutler do, being the other four companies leave. Store here where we can buy, on credit, eatables such as butter, cheese, crackers, ---  --- and so on, but I have bought nothing yet, and shall not. I will get along with eating Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 30th, 1861 government‘s hard crackers, so when we ever should be paid off, my money is not Dear Wife, spent. I only wish I could send it to you now. I was pleasantly surprised on last You will excuse this hasty writing, Christmas day, receiving a very handsome it going on five o'clock in the morning. I present from home, which I did not expect. have been working all night, until I I had made up my mind to eat my dinner commenced writing, making a pair of furnished by the government, but I found pants for a captain which has to go out on that it is a nice thing to have a good little the railroad. I only was told about four wife at home. I can at least say I have the o'clock in the evening that he wanted to best as I was the only one that received have them made, yet they are done. But I anything from home. Captain received a reckon no money to pay for them - the box, but not in time for Christmas. He got officers are just as poor as privates. But I his last Saturday. I am certainly very well hope to get it sometime; then I will have a pleased, it taste so very good, and am little spending money too. I will try to therefore very thankful to you all. The make that without taking any of my pay. only thing which grieves one is that I Tell Dada's Little Bird to send him could not send you a present - that is, a Christmas, being he's a poor soldier, and money - but there is some hope now that that he would like to see and kiss her. But we will be paid off in course of 8 to 10 as it is you have to kiss her for me. days. Dear Mary, I would indeed like to The fleet which is laying here in the be with you, at least over Christmas which Navy yard will start away. It will leave in is now approaching, but alas it cannot be. two or three days, but we will not go with But only hope the time may soon arrive, if them4. God will, that it can be so. For the present, let us be content as much as possible to be able to converse with each other through letters. Hoping that you may give me good news of you all, I remain

4 This may refer to the Burnside expedition to Your affectionate husband, capture Roanoke Island, Virginia, then preparing to set sail. Figure 4: Burnside's Expedition

You ask me about renting. I will say if Mr. Fleager used you like a man, don't move if you can help it. Let us hope for the best. Maybe things will turn that we may soon return home, for which everybody ought to pray. Hoping that our Harry got better so that you could in some shape feel happy over Christmas. I shall wish you all a very happy New Year, and may God grant that I can return home to my dear wife and children. Kiss them for me and tell my little Bird that that is the New Year gift from her poor Dada. Accept a good night and a kiss from your

Affectionate husband,

George Cramer

The fleet of which I spoke in my last letter is still here yet, and might lay 1862 here for some days yet. But there is no sign of it that we will go with it, and I judge you're not sorry for it. I have to write the same old tune Annapolis, Maryland, Jan. 3rd, 1862 again: no money yet. It seems if everybody else does get paid off, we still Dear Wife, have to do without. But I hope it will not last long any more. The paymasters are I received, through our Sergeant here, which I have from good authority, James Sterret, your letter wherein you but they have not called upon us yet. But expressed anxiety to hear from me. But I we have to remember that there is about think before yours reached me, you had twenty-thousand troops encamped around received my letter which I have send you. Annapolis. I only look for the time to get But as Mr. Sterret told me that you are the money in my hands, when I will make afeared that I might be sick, I came to the you rich all at once, and then you will pay conclusion to write you again in case it your brother John again what he has might have happened that you should not advanced for you. have gotten my letter. I can assure you In your next letter you will let me that I enjoy good health and have had know how Arnold(s) are getting along and good appetite to the present you sent me. I where their Cutter is from and how they saved as much as I could but I only have bragging about him. Tell them that I said some little butter & sausage yet, which I they have been liberal for the Volunteer think is doing very well. Cause when it commenced. They should Dear Mary, I wish you could have be liberal toward me now too and send me seen the boys down here over New Year. a pair of Buck Skin Gauntlets as a Mr. Sterret brought a good many things Christmas or New Year gift, being as they down for them. It made them lively. We owe me one from last year. Mr. Mason had some heavy feasting. The last three will bring them down. days it was one continuous feast. It made Hoping that you are all well, and many pleasant faces. also Harry better as he was when you last Mr. Sterret told me that it was wrote. I will close with a good night and reported that we have so many sick and kiss. Your death cases, which troubles you. It is exaggerated. Of course, it can't be Your affectionate husband, expected without any sickness and some deaths in camp life. We had about five or six deaths in our regiment which came George Cramer through Spotted Fever(?), and then we had a good many had the Measles, but they all report to the War Department, an inspection by the get well by taking care5. Assistant Inspector General of the United States Army was ordered. The result of this last inspection, which seems to have been thoroughly 5 Seventeen soldiers died of sickness in Annapolis. made and impartially reported, showed that the The reports of an unusual amount of sickness hospital accommodations and supply were ample, induced the Governor of Pennsylvania to order an the quarters of the men good, and that no unusual examination by the Surgeon General, and upon his cause of sickness existed. have the men tied enough, so they need Give my respect to all friends and not care. relations. I have received the package you have send me through Wm. H. Mason on G. C. last Monday. It got delayed on the Road from Baltimore to Annapolis. He had to Tell Daddy's Maney he sends her this time go himself for it again and found it at only a Scotch kiss. But if she is a good Annapolis Junction. Tell Aunt Mary I girl, and don't trouble Mama, I will send appreciated the Blood Pudding very much her a whole heap of candies. And when he and a thousand times obliged. The other I gets home again, he will not leave have not tasted yet, being that I helped to anymore, which God may grant. eat what Lieut. James Noble, Charles Foulke, and Sergeant James H. Noble had ---  --- sent from home, which consisted in several very fine turkey's, couple ducks St. John College, Annapolis, Maryland, and chickens, mintspie, cakes, apples & Jan. 11(?), 1862 etc., to which they were kind enough to invite me. So you can judge that we Dear Wife, having been starving, this week we had quite a lively time praising our dear wives, I received your letter today, and am mothers and sisters for their kindness. sorry to hear that our Harry is getting The weather we have had down worse instead of better, and further more, here was quite severe, but as we have all very comfortable quarters, we didn't suffer much, except when on guard, of which we have a great deal of it. But let that not trouble you about me; I am fortunate enough mostly to escape that. I only stood five guards since I'm here. Since the Expedition has left here we have to guard the railroad, to which it takes four Figure 5: Annapolis, showing St. John College companies; also the town, navy yard, and (right). our own headquarters: St. John College. So the men gets on guard every other day, the trouble you have, and beside all this, to which is, of course, pretty severe. But for be compelled to work for a living yet. all that, we have not as much sickness as Indeed, it is perplexing for me to lay down we had when we first came. As for here for such a length of time, unable to myself, I have reason to be very thankful give you any assistance. to God for giving me good health ever When I wrote you last, I was sure I since I came here, and praying at the same could send you money by the next letter. time that he may favor me and the dear But alas, I indulged in a delusive hope. ones at home in future and bring us The Government don‘t seem to care how together again. For the present, let you be married man's families is getting along. It content with a good night and kiss for you is enough to make any man disgusted at all, soldiering. But I guess they think they

Your affectionate husband, Dear Mary, you quite surprised me to write me that Mr. Struntz(?) has not been to see you since I been home last. George Cramer Indeed, I am disappointed in him, and it makes me believe that preachers are all ---  --- alike. As far as the Hoffmans are concerned, don‘t trouble me any and hope Annapolis, Maryland, Jan. 26, 1862 you will have good sense enough not to trouble yourself about it. Dear Wife, Just now the Captain came in and told me that he has some idea that we will I received your letter and am have to go to Florida. But of course that‘s grieved to learn that our poor Harry is only guessing, and hope that it may not getting still worse instead of better, and prove true. You will not say anything more so to think that I‘m unable even to about this to no one. Mark this. see him, perhaps never. But still, I dare You will excuse my bad writing as I not murmur as long as God keeps you and have worked late last night and am very our other dear one in health. Yes, I must nervous today. I have a good deal of work be thankful for his kindness and pray to at hand since we got our new clothing. him that he may bestow in future the same If we should be paid off as long as blessing upon us. And may he, if his will, we are here, I would endeavor to get a restore health again on the suffering one, furlough, which is almost impossible. and furthermore, that he may put an end to I can‘t write no more. Accept a kiss this war; that I can return to my dear and give our children one for their father; family to live with them. But dear wife, also my best wishes to your mother, John, should he design it otherwise, let us bow Grandpap and Grandmother, and all the in submission as his children should do. rest of the family. As you will have seen by the heading of the letter, we are still in our old Your affectionate husband, quarters and getting along fine considering to be in the army. Last Thursday came two more Regiments on; part of one, the George Cramer Second Maryland Infantry Regt. which relieved our four companies which ---  --- guarded the railroad. We have received our dress uniform last week, which makes Annapolis, Maryland, Jan. 27th, 1862 us look almost like soldier. The only thing which is wanting to it would be our pay, Dear Wife, which has not come yet. I begin to think the paymaster which is to pay us must You will certainly be astonished to have lost his pocketbook. receive a letter of me dated the 26th, and Just as I wrote the above, I got angry and again another of the 27th, but as it is, can‘t upset the table. Down goes light, letter, wait no longer because delay would be just ink, and we all sit in darkness and pretty hard to me as it was that I could send you near killed the Captain‘s Negro. no money for so long a time. When I wrote you yesterday Annapolis, Febr. 9th, 1862 [neither] officer nor private knew anything about it that our paymaster was coming, as Dear Wife, you well could see of my letter from yesterday where I remarked that I believe You will pardon me for not writing that our paymaster must have lost his sooner, but I‘m sure you will freely grant pocket book. We received pay from the it when I tell you that time would not time I left home up to the first of January, allow me to do so. The work is very which amounted to fifty-six dollars & pressing. I have worked a good deal after seventy-six cents. I therefore enclose you night. Yes, almost too much so. fifty dollars of it. Five dollars and eighty- I have received through Captain three cents – and I‘m sure you won‘t be Kuhn a pair of gauntlets, for which I‘m angry at me that I applied that much since sorry that you spent the money for it out of we are here – for myself. Up to this time your pocket. I could have bought them several has paid me for which I have done myself. You need not think that I‘m out of work, so you need not trouble yourself that money. When I send you the money, it is I have nothing at all; and I will have as true I had only about a dollar left, but got much so that I need not be poorer than [some] since and there is more coming to others when I get paid what is coming to me. The next letter you send me, state me. how much money you received in the Dear Mary, I‘m so full of joy that it letter. makes me believe the faster I write the You seem to think that Captain faster you get the money. Tell my dear Kuhn is proud, and the same time take it little Birdy that I send her some money hard because he would not bring a box now to put in her money Box, provided the with him for me, but I know that dear poor Mama don‘t need it. As far as circumstances would not allow it. In some our suffering Harry is, I don‘t suppose he other letter I will explain it to you. looks for anything nor for anybody but to Writing much goes very hard as I his truest friend: his loving mother. am very nervous at present. I believe I Dear Mary, I cannot close my letter overtaxed myself. You will therefore without reaching in the corner of my pardon me for writing only a few lines. pocket once more to get another dollar for You will answer me this right off, and if my two dear offspring and enclose it for you can send me John Eckert‘s address, I them. shall try to write in a few days more Dear, dear Mary, I can‘t see no more satisfactory. to write. I kiss you all. I am well and hoping that you all may enjoy good health and that dear little Your affectionate husband & father, Harry is on a fair way of recovery. An affectionate kiss for you all, and also my respect to all our friends and George Cramer acquaintances.

Answer your affectionate husband,

---  --- George Cramer could, forget and neglect my dear little Our whole regiment went to the Methodist children and the one to whom I avowed to church tonight where our chaplain love and protect. No I should hope there preached the sermon6. is none in Carlisle to entertain that thought. ---  --- It may seem strange to some that I left home and joined the army, but am I Annapolis, Maryland, Feb. 14th, 1862 the only one? Of course it would not have happened had not the Arnolds treated me Dear Wife, most mean. But that‘s past. Let us only hope and pray that we may be united I received your letter this noon, and again, that our arms may be victorious according to promise I must answer it. (which is the only thing that I believe will I‘m sorry to learn that you have been sick bring back peace to the country), and then but hope that you may have recovered by give thanks to the Giver of All Good. this time. As for myself, I am enjoying You state in your letter that our little good health again, much better than I did Harry is still the same for which I‘m sorry when I wrote you last. But the only thing I to hear, and I cannot refrain from saying wanted was a little rest. I had lost too that had I been at home, no sugar doctor much sleep. This day I had a walk around should have been called, as I never town with our second lieutenant, Charles approved of their method. But still, Mary, Foulke, and Philip Kuhns which done me you must not think that I lay any blame on a great deal of good. I feel most excellent you for doing so. I know that you done so this evening. actuated by a mother‘s care, anxious to But still, I did not go to town for the have health restored to her dear offspring. mere walk. We had to buy articles in the The intelligence you give me about store. We bought for two vests. So you Mr. Struntz is surprising, and I am will see that I have still work yet, and will certainly sorry that he will leave Carlisle. have for some time yet, as eight of our But certainly, as he intends to get married, officers have sent on to the city for goods his pay is not sufficient for him to stay. for pants which I will have to make. Work The only wish of mine is that he may be is plenty at present. The only objection I happy and enjoy all the pleasure of have is the pay don‘t come according. But married life, and if so, that he may not still, as long as I have work I don't do no forget a good friend. I always entertained other duty. the best of feeling towards him, and Dear Mary, you say in your letter indeed it is painful to me that this befall that the money I sent you made a regular him hat you wrote, and hope that if so, the town talk, and that some of the people Germans will have better sense as usual to sooner would have seen that I would not keep it quiet. have send you any, where I think you must The statement you received about be mistaken. I can‘t believe that anybody one of our Regiment getting shot while on could wish you that, nor that they could guard is unfounded. It is true the majority think me so degraded that I would, no of the People here are secessionist but I must say that we have the gratifying

6 The trustees of the Methodist Episcopal church assurance that our regt. has more of the offered the regiment the use of their building for services. confidence of the people than any other let me return and find you all well and which have been here yet. hardy again. Hoping that Grand Pap has fully I have had no time yet to get my recovered and that you may be enabled to likeness taken as I have to make nine pair write me good news from yourself and the of fine pants for our officers and some dear ones, I close with a good night kiss. wants me to make coats for them which, however, I have not promised yet. Your affectionate husband, You will send me immediately my shears, square and all the little books, not only the two which belong to Shanklands Geo. Cramer Rule, but the others too; also those paper which are pasted on Linen with the Regarding leaving this place nobody numbers on it. Put the whole in a box and can say, so let rumors not disturb you. You fill it out with something so it can‘t work will have learned by this time that the about and send it by express (put my wet Burnside Expedition was successful. A stone in it). It is cheaper still than as to few more blows like that will knock buy a pair of scissors. The one I have secession down. along with me is too small & dull to get along with it. I will have my likeness taken and send it You need not trouble yourself about to you. me standing guard or drilling in this disagreeable weather. I have not done You want to know about Charles Foulke anything of that for some time and don‘t pay. All I got to say to this is let his wife think need to do it for a while, at least as (that is, if she is his wife) say, as she will, long as I have work, and I assure you I that is none of our business. Let it be shall make out to find some when I don‘t gratifying to you that she is a true friend like to go on duty. indeed of mine. No talk about this. I should have liked to have been in Carlisle today to witness the marriage of ---  --- Mr. Struntz and Mag. They certainly have my best wishes. May Heaven bless them St. John College, Annapolis, Maryland, and let their life be one of joy and Feb. 27, 1862 happiness. I have written a Letter to Mr. Struntz last Sunday, but have not received Dear Wife, an answer yet, so I don‘t know whether he received it or not. I received your last letter and am You tell me in your letter that sorry to learn that Harry, Mother, and yesterday our Birdy had her birthday, and Grandfather are still suffering. It seems as I have just one dollar too much in my that there always somebody must be sick pocket, I must send it for her birthday in our family. But still, we must not present. Tell her that Daddy says if she is murmur. At least I should only be a good girl he will send Mama and her thankful to God for the good health he has some pretty pictures soon again. We will bestowed upon me, and I hope he may be mustered for pay tomorrow and expect further let me enjoy the same and will it to in about ten days from that to be paid off again. We have no orders yet for leaving that I say it is an untruth. If that was so, I here. Hoping the time may soon arrive to would know something about it too. I will return to my dear ones again, I kiss you & tell the truth to you that sometimes he will you will kiss my children for me. have the same fault what you know about me, and then of course he will be a little Your affectionate husband, hard on his men, which is what I told you when at home. But when over, he is again the best man you want to find, as you may Geo. Cramer well see in my case. The same afternoon I left Annapolis, in the evening he went up You will give my respect to all to headquarters and made it all right with friends & acquaintances. I should like to me there. have your & Many‘s likeness if you have I wrote more than I intended, but money & time to get it. when captain read me the letter, I had to write you the forgoing yet. G. Cramer You may look for a letter in a few days again, so farewell and give my love ---  --- to all friends.

Annapolis, Maryland, March 12th, 1862 Your affectionate husband,

Dear Wife, George Cramer I have arrived all safe here in camp this morning and now I‘m once more with L.P. We have no orders for leaving here my friends and I am happy to inform you yet. Paymaster has not arrived. Mrs. (I know to your great relief it will be) they Shnerr has received your letter. She sends made things as they stated in their letters her love to you all. all right, so you need not trouble yourself about me. The reason why I not got here G. C. yesterday is this: When I arrived last Monday evening, I went to Shnerr‘s, as ---  --- you know, and not knowing myself how the trains and boats would run, I was Washington, April 12th, 1862 informed the first connection I could have would be this morning, Wednesday, at 7 Dear Wife, 1/2 o‘clock, or else with the boat at seven, so I only left City Baltimore this morning. I suppose you have received the letter I have not time to write much in order to which I wrote you at Annapolis the day we have it mailed yet, only what I will say left there7. We arrived here on Thursday yet: just while I‘m writing, the Captain and are quartered in a building called the came in and read the letter he has received Soldier‘s Rest which has been put up for from his brother in which it states that the purpose, for regiments on march, to Goufz(?) says all ‘round town that the captain lays all the time in town drunk in 7 On the 9th of April, the regiment received orders bad houses. You, Mary, will tell his wife to proceed to Washington, D. C. and report to General Wadsworth. give them shelter and rest for a short time. I can write to you after crossing the I‘m not able to write you where we have to Potomac, as I understand that General go, although we‘re all packed, ready to McClellan has issued an order to that start. It may be from an hour from this effect; so you will not forget me. that we will have to load. One thing is We have not received any pay yet, and certain: that we have to go right on to the doubt of getting any here, but I will try seat of war, and that we get on march, [to] send it to you in some way when we because we are not allowed to take more receive it. Bid all friends a goodbye for with us than one change of shirts, one coat me under the hope that I may see them what we have on, our overcoat, blanket, again. the pants we have on, so to make our Dear Mary, I know your prayers are knapsack as light as possible. The rest of sent up to heaven for me that I may return our clothes we have boxed up here and in safety. Hoping it may be granted, I say kept for us. We also are not allowed our farewell and send you and dear, sweet tents. Maney many painful kisses. Painful they Dear Mary, soldiering for me so far are because they are sent from a distance was playing, but that I believe has ceased. and the destiny I have before me, but Now I will have to face it, and [it] will set hoping that they may be welcome to you harder on me than others who had to do as they come from one you love and their regular duty. But I pray to God that cherish.

Your affectionate husband,

George Cramer

Ephriam McMurray came to see us soon as he heard that our regiment had come into the city and took me out to supper, and yesterday morning came round again Figure 6: Soldier's Rest and showed me all the great places, which are certainly worth seeing. But as I had to in the hour of trial he may strengthen me be afeared that the regiment might have to so that duty may seem easy and, should I go, we could not see everything as much come in the battle (which I think will be as I would liked to have. before long), he may protect me. But should he have destined it otherwise, he G. C. may be merciful and make death light, and also be a comforter and protector to you ---  --- and my child. In this prayer and hope let us commit ourselves in his hands. Washington, D.C., April 16th, 1862 This letter you can answer, and as many a times as you wish to write, by Dear Wife, directing them on me in the usual way you have been doing, only to Washington, D. I hasten to write you a few lines C., and from there they will be forwarded while I have the chance yet. About an hour to the regiment. I don‘t think, though, that ago we received orders that the regiment will have to leave here for Manasses (Enclosed you find twenty dollars. I had tomorrow8. We had to remain longer than no time yet to collect(?) any.) I expected when I last wrote you and, had you written me right off, I could have G. Cramer received your letter yet. The regiment is getting paid at Dear Mary, since I have been at the present, but only for two months, where express office, I came to the conclusion to there is four months pay due again the last send you the receipt in this letter. The of this month. My company is not called money you will receive at London(?), or up yet but will be called out before supper perhaps they send it to your town. The yet to draw pay. I write now so when I get money is enclosed in an envelope. The the money – and there is a possible way of Express is paid on it. I am sorry that I getting to the express office yet – I will can‘t send you more, but as everything is have it ready, because in the morning they all hurry, I do not know what will be paid scarcely(?) have us out. If not, I will find to me. Therefore, try to get along for the some way of sending you the money present. They make fair promises about before leaving the city. paying us regular after this. As I said You will answer and direct the before, there will be two months pay due letters as I stated in my last: George again the last of this month. Cramer, Company A, care of Captain Hoping and praying that God may Kuhn, 11th regiment, P. V. Colonial R. grant that I can return home safe again to Coulter, Washington City. This is the only those who are near and dear to my heart, I way that I can instruct you at present say again, goodbye. because we do not know whether we will not be ordered farther. Your affectionate husband, I have sent my shears and square up in H. W. Mason‘s trunk. You can leave it remain there. You might tell them that it George Cramer belongs to me. Just now I got my money. It is S.R.(?) A goodbye to Mother and John, night; must hurry therefore to get it in the Grandfather and Grandmother, and all the express. rest. Farewell, a kiss and good night for Many and you. G. C.

Your affectionate husband, ---  ---

Camp near Manassas Junction, George Cramer April 21st, 1862

8 In pursuance of orders from General Wadsworth, Dear Wife, the regiment proceeded the next day, by boat, to Alexandria, and thence by rail to Manassas I received your letter last Friday at Junction, where it reported to General M'Call, and was ordered by him to relieve the Fourth Regiment Manassas Junction. It was written too late of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, which was to reach Washington before we left. You posted along the Manassas Gap railroad will have seen in my last, I have written desirable in a camp. The way we judge you in Washington. The same day the this is from what is left partly from letter was dated, namely last Thursday, we destruction and fire. You can find plenty took the steam boat for Alexandria (state of half burnt clothing, stoves, flour(?) they of Virginia) not knowing whether we stop just eat(?), the hoops of the barrels, half there or not, but we soon found when we burnt meat, plenty of hides of cattle and arrived at Alexandria (which is, by the sheep, any quantity cooking utensils, in way, a right nice city) that we were not at fine, everything as is necessary in a camp. our journey‘s end for that day. We The houses what was there they burnt marched from the wharf, through the city, down. They also destroyed their tents and to the Manassas Railroad depot where we huts, also the railroad track which is, took the cars (I have the pleasure to get in however, completed again by our men. a animal car) for Manassas Junction, But no person has any idea how they were where we arrived after night. fortified without seeing it. I saw it, but the Consequently, we had to stay all night in short time we had to stay, I‘m not able to our crowded cars. In the morning we took say how far in circumference they were possession of the ground which the Rebels fortified. But I must leave off here from this place and tell you about my whereabouts now. I said before that we took a view of the ground till evening came on when all at once we were surprised by the long roll to fall in, when we found we have to take the cars again to go up the road towards Manassas Gap to guard it. So we are at present stationed in companies along this road at intervals of 2 1/2 to 3 miles. As our company is the first in the regiment, we got stationed at the first station where Figure 7: Ruins at Manassas Junction our regiment has to guard which is six miles from Manassas Junction. So I judge once occupied, stacked arms and made that our regiment is stationed along the ourself at home on the ground. The sun road for some twenty odd miles. How was that day rather a little too hard for us long we remain here, I‘m unable to tell, as we have no tents, as you know, and the but should we leave here and there is a shade trees are rather scarce around in the way of sending you a letter, I shall do so. camp. But still, we felt content. I write this with uncertainty whether After resting a little, we enjoyed it will reach you as there runs no mail or ourself walking around to see the Rebel‘s passenger train on this road, only trains for work of defense, and the same time of military purposes. But our provision train destruction. Indeed it is a mystery to me, has come down this morning, and as it yes to all, that they ever left the place. returns I try to send it up to headquarters The way it was fortified, they could have which is at Manassas Junction yet, and held in spite of us, and from all indication, perhaps from there it can be sent on to the ruins tell yet, they had plenty of Washington. provisions of all kind, camp materials of the best clothing, and everything which is You see that I am compelled to captain. I is taken in a fatigue suit. You close. Hoping to hear from you soon, and will get a frame-in-case for it. whether you received the money I sent I will mention that Michael9 and you, I remain James10 Smyth and myself have been bunking together for some time. They Your affectionate husband, treat me kind. You may tell Mrs. Smyth they are both well. Hoping you will excuse a short George Cramer letter for I‘m in a hurry to get it mailed. Trusting that you will receive my money Direct your letter to Washington again. and letters safe, and praying that the Heavenly Father may watch over us all, I Don‘t forget to kiss my dear Many for me. close with the wish to hear from you soon. Kiss my girl for me and tell her to be I saw Jackson Reighter and Robert Smiley. good. Dada will love her then ever so They look well. They left Manassas much. Junction Friday morning on foot. I don‘t I remain, as ever, think they‘re far from us. Some of our boys went yesterday over to Bulls Run. Your affectionate husband, They saw the Stringfellows and G. McFeely. George Cramer ---  ------ --- Camp near Fitz-Hugh House, Virginia, May 8th, 1862 Camp near Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 17th, 1862 Dear Wife, Dear Wife, Yesterday I mailed you letter stating that the money has gone and also enclosed I suppose you are anxious to learn you the receipt therein saying that I did not my whereabouts. We have left our last know what might happen as some of our camp, from which I wrote to you last forces were engaged with the enemy. The Sunday, about 11 o‘clock in the morning letter might trouble you, but we are still and returned to Manassas Junction where here in our old camp yet. But the same we laid until Monday night, when we took time we may march off at any minute. I up our march and arrived here at the above would not have written today. I should mentioned camp yesterday afternoon have waited to hear from you first, but as about three o‘clock. I need not tell you Captain Noble has presented me with his how the marching agreed with a lazy man likeness, I thought I should write and sent (?), but still it went better than you would it to you. I know you will appreciate it as it comes of a friend of mine and the same 9 time the commander of my company, for Promoted to corporal, December 25, 1861; wounded at Antietam; captured at Gettysburg; such is he as I told you, I believe, in my discharged September 30, 1864. letter yesterday that he is promoted as 10 Promoted to Corporal, February 5, 1865; mustered out with the Company July 1, 1865. expect. For all we had rather for to address your letters, namely to Thursday‗s very unfavorable weather(?). Washington City, from where they will One night we laid out where we had the follow us if there is any way at all to canopy of heaven for our roof and a heavy, forward the mail. Of course the refreshing rain coming down on us all government always tries to effect that as night, and had it not been for our oilcloth soon as possible as far as the army blanket which we drawght before we advances. We are not brigaded yet. You started, we should have melted away. But will address your letter as heretofore and still, let that not trouble you as I‘m they will reach me. The department always enjoying very good health, and so our knows our whereabouts. whole regiment. Respecting John Eckert, I can give We are up now with McDowell‘s you no information. I endeavored in division, but not brigaded yet. I do not Washington, also Manasses and here to know whether we will get into McCall‘s find anything out about him but all in vain. brigade which is encamped two miles Hoping that you are all well and that from us. But one thing seems certain to God may stretch his protecting hand over me: that we will be all in McDowell‘s us all and grant that the rebellion vanish division and shall move from here as soon before our victorious arms, and bring the bridge across the Rappahannock River husbands, fathers, brothers and friends is completed. As far as I have learned, the back to the bosom of their dear ones. rebels are only about five to six miles from Write soon and don‘t forget my bad Birdy. us (that is across the river). Tell her dada says if she troubles mama Mary, I cannot refrain but too much, I shan‘t send her any more expressing that it seems to me I cannot get kisses. Give my kind regard to all friends a letter from you except I buy it from you. and accept a kiss from I believe, should I be situated that I could not write a letter for six months, I would Your ever-true husband, not receive a line from you, for which you have no excuses except you were too poor to buy paper and stamp. But still, I must George Cramer be content and shall try of writing always first, if possible, before expecting to hear ---  --- from you. While I have been writing the Camp near Front Royal, Virginia, forgoing, the order came back up for June 6, 1862 march. Of course, I could not finish. Consequently I have to close for the day. Dear Wife,

(Sunday) Yesterday evening our mail came in We took up march about 1 1/2 miles to camp. The letters were called out one further where we encamped again in a fine after the other, and I was just about giving clover field accompanied by three other up of getting any tiding from home when I regiments. But how soon we might have got suddenly was relieved to hear my to leave this again is not for us soldiers to name called out. I also received the letter know. But that does not hinder you from you wrote me before at the camp at writing to me as I have instructed you how Fredricksburg on May the 25th, but had not time to answer it as we had to pack up made marching a little easier. But we had and we left in the afternoon and have been to suffer for it at night as we had heavy on march ever since11. raining every night. We came on to Front We have been encamped every night Royal, but found no Jackson. in a different woods or some field. As I Accordingly, after a night‘s encampment, said before, we left Fredericksburg on took up march toward Strasburg. We forced march back to Alexandria, from passed over Shenandoah Creek. After there to Manassas, and from there to the passing it, we only advanced several miles much spoken of Manassas Gap. It for couple days owing to our supply trains certainly deserves to be spoken of. And as not coming up on account of the bad we had to march (being that the rebels had roads. partly torn up the track) we got the whole We certainly have endured not only benefit of mountain roads and passes. hardship since we commenced marching, Before you get to Manassas Gap, you got but suffered on account of provision. We to pass through Thoroughfare Gap, and have been living on crackers and coffee, coming on to Manassas Gap, it is certainly nothing else, and this very scarce. Yes, we astonishing what man has accomplished in got down to baking ourselves. Our the way of colonel went and got flour out of a mill traveling by laying and issued it out to the brigade. We mixed down the iron it with water and baked it to still our tracks. Here you hunger. pass through cuts Wednesday evening we returned of rocks at a near to Front Royal again on account of immense height. the high water, for fear the bridges getting Next again, the swept away and, through that, get our track runs over retreat and also our supply cut off. And Figure 8: Confederate embankments, well we did so! We crossed Shenandoah General “Stonewall” well, just about as Bridge Wednesday evening, and the Jackson high as I ever saw bridge went down the stream on Thursday any. And here at morning. So we made our escape in good those places, the rebels (namely Jackson‘s time, and there is a prospect of receiving men) had torn up the track to stop our provision soon, being that the railroad is advance, or else to send us down those fixed passably again. embankments to destroy us. To our surprise, the paymaster was But enough of that. We passed the hunting us when we came back here and Gap safely and came on to Piedmont paid us off yesterday afternoon (that is for Station where we were ordered to leave two months, which only pays us up to the knapsack in order to hasten our march to first of May). I have deposited twenty come up, if possible, with Jackson. dollars into our chaplain‘s hand for you, Consequently, we had no blanket nor who is going on to Washington and clothes except what we had on which Harrisburg. He will forward you the money from there by express. You can 11 In order to divert Gen. McDowell from Lee‘s therefore inquire at the office. forces on the peninsula, Jackson feinted toward Hoping that you may get it as soon Washington. McDowell, including Hartsuff‘s brigade, was ordered North to intercept him. as possible, and the same time that it may Jackson eluded him, however, and escaped back be sufficient for your immediate wants. I south to rejoin Lee. might have sent you five dollars more, but almost a month already that I received it, if we should get situated the way we have and in course of that length of time a been, a little money might come good. person is apt to forget the contents, But here at present, it is not as the people especially when a person lives in hopes want to sell us anything, and our sutlers from one day to the other of receiving a are not with us. letter, more so yet by seeing the mail come I am not in every day regular and men receiving done writing, letters from their friends and families. but shall be This looks hard and feels like you were the compelled to only forgotten one among your comrades. close with the This has certainly been my case. I can fervent prayer scarcely believe that just my letters should that God may be miscarried of late. I received them watch over us formerly regular. This, dear wife, is the and give us reason of the silence on my part. What it strength when in is on your part I can not imagine. Had it the hour of trial, not been that we got paid off yesterday, Figure 9: General George and grant that we and feeling it a duty on me to forward you Lucas Hartsuff may soon meet. the money, I could not have written to you Hoping as I had avowed that I would not write that you and my little Maney have before receiving a letter from home. But recovered, I remain under the circumstances, I am compelled to break my word. As I said before, duty Your affectionate husband, compels me to do so. This day is Sunday. Tomorrow I will try to forward you twenty-five dollars Geo. Cramer by express and, after receiving them, I hope you will favor me with an answer. Write soon. Direct your letter to By not receiving the answer in due time, I Washington. will send you the receipt of the money. And should that happen to miscarry, the We are brigaded now. General Hartsuff‘s money might be lost. Therefore, don‘t brigade. neglect to answer.

---  --- Your affectionate husband,

Camp near Warrenton, Virginia, July 20th, 1862 George Cramer

Dear Wife, ---  ---

I believe the last words written in Camp near Warrenton, Virginia, your last letter were ―write soon‖. Yes, I July 22nd, 1862 am sure they were. But I rather think you believe that I have forgotten them. Well, Dear Wife, it would be no wonder. You know it is In haste I must write you a few lines forgoing, but on Monday I took some yet. As you see, I did not mail the money in for work and have more to get forgoing letter on Sunday because I did yet which will be enough for me to buy still hope by afternoon mail I would hear paper and stamps. Thirty dollars is for from you, in order to keep back the you, and two dollars for my Birdy. for complaints therein and, sure enough, I did clothes or shoes if she needs them. But if receive one, but an old one written June you need it for other purposes, that alters the 16th and mailed the 17th. This the case. somewhat relieved me thinking that you I almost forgot to state from where still write and perhaps I did not get them, I‘m writing this. We are encamped at a as it happened with this, and I concluded I place called Waterloo, six miles from would write a different letter after I sent Warrenton12. But when we start off again, the money off. So yesterday I received I can‘t say. We might start again in ten another letter mailed July the 19th. But minutes. such as it is, the contents of it is useless to Hoping that you will favor me by a mention. All I have to say in reply is that I speedy answer, I remain am sorry that such writing of such a tenor should pass between us at this particular Your affectionate husband, time. Just as I wrote the above line, we had to get ready to march in ten minutes George Cramer time. Accordingly, I‘m writing this a day later, July 23rd. But I will bring this letter Give my respects to all relations and to a close. inquiring friends. You said in your letter if I would not write for your sake, I should at least for George Reighter and all other Carlisle Many‘s. But I have always considered it boys are well. is due to you both and have done so, which I can prove if necessary. Yes, G. C. within the last seven weeks, I wrote two to receiving one. You send me a sheet of ---  --- paper and a stamped envelope, which I must decline of accepting in the spirit it Camp near Waterloo, Va., has been sent to me. Ever since the first August 3rd, 1862 pay I had since I am in service, I have always bought post stamps that I would 12 From Front Royal the brigade, with the have them until we get paid again, and exception of Company F of the Eleventh, detailed shall continue so if there is a chance of as guard to the train, moved by rail to Manassas getting them. Junction. McClellan's Chickahominy campaign having proved abortive, the scattered Corps of But enough of that. For all we had Fremont, Banks, and McDowell were concentrated, but ten minutes to get ready to start being designated respectively 1st, 2d, and 3d Corps yesterday morning. I ran to our chaplain of the Army of Virginia, and placed under the and gave him thirty-two dollars to send by command of Major General John Pope, to meet the express. It is likely you will receive the enemy now advancing from Richmond. The Eleventh Regiment thus became a part of the 3d money before this letter. I would have Brigade, 2d Division of the 3d Corps. From sent you but twenty-five, as I said in the Manasses Junction, they marched via Gainsville to Warrenton, then on to Culpepper Court House. in Battle and get wounded, you intended to Dear Wife, come to see me (which I hope and pray God may prevent). I would not wish you I received your letter dated July 25th to without my request. But let us hope that and I am glad to learn that you and Maney this may not happen. But should it be his are well. You may be assured that it is a will, let us try to bear it. God has certainly great satisfaction, away from home, to bestowed great favors on me respecting learn about those he left behind, not only health, which makes soldier life more easy for their well being, but soldier‘s life bring than anything else, and not only in this, in many things which makes him down a good many other ways also. spirited. It drives that downcast away and Captain Kuhn is certainly very kind puts new life, new hopes into the soldier to me, giving me all the chance of working and helps to bear the trials of camp life. to make something. I could not tell when I You will therefore not censure me too hard was doing any duty of any kind, so the when I expressed my impatience in my only time I know what real soldier life is, last, not hearing from home oftener, more is when we get on march, going to bed, so as you complained of my silence, and I and — well, to the boarding I got used can‗t deny to you (for you know my quick already, so I won‘t say anything about temper) at the time I wrote, that I was that. So don‘t trouble yourself too much displeased with you. But as you will have about me as you can see that I‘m getting me say (in your last), I will say: I‗m not along fine, even if the sun does come angry at you. Of course I‘m not; that last down mighty hot when I‘m tailoring. Still, letter made all right. Only don‘t forget to it isn‘t drilling, standing guard, and etc., so write. If you do, I shall send Stonewall I still look at the bright [side] of the Jackson up to Carlisle and have you taken picture and live on in hopes for the time of prisoner of war. Even my little Bird will returning home (although at present it have to go in the cage too. seems far distant). But the Ruler of I have no pleasure in learning that Nations may sooner stop this war than we you work so hard from morning till night. would expect. To this end let all the land It rather grieves me. Yes, it makes me say ―Amen.‖ believe that the little money I can send you Answer soon and both accept a kiss is not sufficient keeping you from working from too hard and I made up my mind to earn a cent wherever I can. Your affectionate husband and father, I have done right well since we are laying here in this camp. Had I an opportunity to send it, I could send you ten George Cramer dollars, yes, fifteen if I want to bear myself, which I would do, as I have still Give my respect to all relations and more work on hand, that is if we don‘t get inquiring friends. Tell Maney she must on march. Of course that stops business. not fall with her high-heeled shoes. The last money I sent you, I have not heard from you of getting it, but hope ---  --- that you have received it before this. You also stated that you try to save money, as Camp near Culpepper, Virginia, much as possible, and in case I should get Thursday, August 7th, 1862 got from the heat. So I fell out of the Dear Wife, ranks and walked to my own leisure. The second day I was alright again, and am as I received yours dated July 26th and sound as a new dollar here in camp. And also John‘s mailed July 31st both at the if we stay here, I suppose I have to set up same time last Monday evening and tailor shop again and let the others soldier. should have answered it right off, but as I am glad to learn that you received we had received marching orders, and I the money. Respecting the fifty cents you had to finish some work yet, it prevented had to pay on it, I suppose is right as our me from doing so till now. chaplain expressed [it] for me. I have not As I stated above, we received asked him yet whether he paid for it or marching orders Monday forenoon(?), that not, but I will see him as he told me he is to be ready in a moment‘s warning, but would. All the former money I sent you I still as our companies picket day [it] was, had paid for. Mention in your next letter if they still had to go out on duty that night (I you had to pay any before. was not out with them). But Tuesday You write of somebody is wounded morning they got drawn in about two and laying sick at Annapolis, but the name o‘clock and our camp resounded of the is indistinct. But I suppose you mean Mr. Reveille, and about an hour before sunrise Stringfellow. How is Grandpap getting we were on our march13. along this summer? Is he able to work? But the sun had it its own way. Our What doctor had you for Maney? Is Uncle General soon found it necessary to move John butchering yet? How is Nieders as easy as possible and seek refuge in the getting along? What has become of woods from keeping them from dropping Siss(?) Nieder, pray? Married to whom? over, so we got along without any fatal John mentions in his letter that the county consequences as far as I know of. There commissioners appropriated $20,000 for was but one man (out of a Massachusetts volunteers under the new call. Do they see Regiment) had the sunstroke, which came the necessity of compensating men to on him after we came into a woods to rest, rescue the country? But they neglected the and through timely attendance got saved. poor women whose husbands have offered We arrived here yesterday evening after an their service for the term of three years easy, cautious march, and I only hope will and put there lives, families, and all at lay here while the weather is so very hot. stake for their country. Yes, these great It would be very hard on the men to get on patriots at home, they did promise those forced marches now. The government men to aid the families. But how noble should certainly find some way of hauling have they fulfilled that promise? Those more for the men, not kill them of carrying poor women have to live now to depend the load they have to carry. on the small pittance the government pay I will mention here that I got along their men receives and slave themself for a pretty well, although many a stout man living, or else hunger with their little gave out. The first day‘s march I stood it children. But that‘s the way of the world. within a short distance where we If it was not for the country‘s sake at large, encamped owing to a severe headache I it was almost to wish they would be compelled to draft so that the Mr.

13 On the morning of August 4th, Ricketts‘s Farmer‘s sons of Cumb. Co. had to come Division broke camp at Waterloo and marched for Culpeper, arriving there August 6th. out to share the soldier‘s life, which by all right the[y] should be the first of all. But enough of that. Let us hope that I may return again, and the whole country enjoy peace and happiness once more. John tells me that our Soldier Girl is mischievous, which a Soldier Girl has a right to be, but Dada tells her she must not be too much so; she must stay obedient to Mama. Hoping to hear from you soon, I remain affectionately Figure 10: Cedar Mountain Battlefield

this reaches you and you will be all Your husband, 14 anxiety . Last Saturday after(?) Friday George Cramer afternoon we received the order to march (a minute before we started, I got your letter which I read on the road) and I enclose you [a] dollar bill. Send me 16 15 post stamps. The balance you can use for marched on the other side of Culpepper . your letter for me. On Saturday, before daybreak, we advanced on, but slow, until we were G. Cramer about two to three mile beyond Culpepper where our brigade made halt. The Give my best wishes to all inquiring. Tell advance moved on about three mile and Gropman that I said he will be drafted for met the enemy and the battle commenced our regiment. raging on both sides.

14 Write soon. . The battle of Cedar Mountain opened on the afternoon of the 9th of August, the forces of Stonewall Jackson encountering those of Banks. ---  --- The 3rd Division arrived about dark, and in taking position was exposed to a severe artillery fire, and Monday, August 11th, 1862 remained under arms during the night. On the following day, the positions were several times changed, in anticipation of a renewal of the fight. Dear Wife, Neither party manifesting a disposition to attack, on the 12th both engaged in burying their dead, and Yours of the 3rd, I received. I have on the 13th the enemy fell back across the Rapidan. sent you two letters which you had not In this engagement the Eleventh had three received according to your letter, but by wounded. 15 Late on Friday afternoon, Ricketts‘s Division this time I suppose have reached you. I was quickly formed and moved through Culpeper hasten to write you (but don‘t know to a point two miles beyond, where the road from whether it can be sent off) as no doubt the Madison Court House intersects the road from news of the battle is known at home before Culpeper to Cedar Mountain. General Banks was three miles distant to the right, near Cedar Mountain. If the enemy was moving on Culpeper from Orange Court House, he would first strike Bank‘s line, but if from Madison, Ricketts‘s Division lay across his track. Our advance held their ground and so let us continue in hope that the our brigade only was ordered up towards protecting hand of God be over me and evening and got dark before we got that he may soon put a stay to this war, brought in line of battle. But I had not the that I can return home to those who are chance of participating as [I] had my ankle praying for my safe return. For the strained crossing a fence three mile from present, be content with my best wishes the battleground and they concluded not to and a kiss for both. take me on to the line. But through the rush and excitement, I was left lay on the Your affectionate husband, road in place of getting back to town. Here I laid all night by myself (as I was George Cramer. unable to walk) until Sunday afternoon, when I followed up the regiment in a ---  --- ammunition wagon and, to my joy, found all our boys unharmed, which is certainly Camp beyond Cedar Mountain, a miracle as they were led up close to the August 17th, 1862 enemy‘s batteries and the shells bursted all around them, which they dodged bravely, Dear Wife, that is, by dropping down to the ground. The enemy‘s fire had a fearful effect Yours of the 10th is received and on some of our lines. How our fire was on glad to learn that you are all well. As for the enemy‘s, I‘m not able to tell as yet. As myself, I enjoy most excellent health with well as I can judge, about 12 o‘clock at the exception of my ankle of which I night the enemy‘s batteries became silent, informed you in my last written the 11th which ended the battle for the night. on the battlefield, which I hope you Yesterday, Sunday morning, our batteries received ere this. I also sent you a letter drawed shells through the woods, inviting previous of this from camp near Culpepper the rebels for another day‘s work, but as it containing a one dollar bill, which you had seemed, the rebels had fallen back, so at not received yet according to you letter. present all is quiet. In my last letter, if you got it, you I‘m sorry to say that we have a great have seen that last Sunday I followed up to many dead and wounded16. We can call it the battlefield, where I arrived about dusk. a victory, but it has been bought with Right away on Monday morning I blood. hastened to inform you of my being alive, Sergeant Jim Noble requested me to to dispel all doubts and fears which rumors tell you to let his mother know that he is might bring to you. I had scarcely finished well and safe. Yes, you will favor all the the letter when the doctor came round and boy‘s by telling their families they are informed me to get ready to be sent back well. How long we remain here we don‘t to our old campground, to where our know, but we expect, as soon as our hospital had been left, where I remained provision train comes up, we shall move until Thursday when the hospital got onward. So it‘s likely we leave this moved on to the regiment. tomorrow. I think I shall be able to march I‘m sorry to state here that my friend with my foot(?) again in a couple of days, Charles Foulk had to keep me company while in hospital, shooting himself with 16 Total Union casualties were about fifteen his pistol while cleaning it through the thousand. The 11th Regiment lost three. foot, the ball passing through and through a little hollow, and, in place of getting above the toe. Of course he has been left mowed down on their former ground by behind. I do not know whether he has them occupied, the shells passed over their been left in Culpepper or sent on to heads harmless. Alexandria to the General Hospital, the Dear Mary, you ask me in your latter being the most likely. letter about getting a tombstone for Harry My ankle is improving pretty fast, & Annie. Shall I tell you to get it? If I do although it caused me considerable so, I know you would get it. But can I do inconvenience on our last advance, which so consistently? Might not that be too only was about seven miles. But still, as much for your small assistance you have my things got hauled in the wagon, I made of me at present? And that even might out to march it. Should we stay in camp cease to come (which heaven may for a couple of days, I think it will get prevent). I must leave it therefore to your sound enough again. own judgment. Should I be lucky enough Just while I‘m writing this, they to return home, I shall not ask at statement bring in General Carroll from our lines, how you expended your money. wounded. Whether he has been shot I stated in one of my former letters accidentally or otherwise I have not that I could send you fifteen dollars, which learned yet17. I have yet. I only wish you had them at In my last home as they are no use to me here. If we letter I stated to want to buy, everything is very high, and you that none of then you must have the change or else buy our regiment a whole dollar worth, which I consider I got hurt, but can‘t afford, so I do without. afterwards Alas, I can‘t finish. The bugle found that blows. Marching again. several got slightly Monday, Aug. 18. wounded, two of which came We marched about four or five mile to the hospital: and have been laying here undisturbed the one the over night. How soon we will have to middle finger break up again, the dear only knows. It Figure 11: General Samuel shot off; the may be in five minutes that we may be Spriggs Carroll other got off marching again, for they don‘t give us with a slight wound on the shoulder from a much time to get ready. piece of shell. So our regiment got out of The movement we made yesterday that scrap very well, thanks to an excellent is not an advance but, I suppose, rather a movement caused by our Colonel, namely flank movement owing that we discovered advancing a piece on towards the enemy‘s the enemy. Judging that they endeavor to batteries, which brought the regiment into flank us, we changed position. I know we men don‘t care how soon they come on, 17 Carroll was wounded in a skirmish with Rebel although I confess I have no particular cavalry while inspecting his pickets near the anxiety of getting killed, as it would leave Rapidan River, receiving a painful flesh wound in the chest that incapacitated him for the next month a poor orphan and a young widow behind and kept him out of the Battles of Second Bull Run and Antietam. me. But by activity there is hope of should I not be spared to teach you them. bringing the war only to a close. But I‘m living still in hope that those I shall close here for this time with prayers of your young heart and lips my love. (which your mother teaches you) for the safe return of your Dada may be Your affectionate husband, acceptable at the throne of Grace and granted, that I may return home to see you grow up to be a good and virtuous young George Cramer woman. Mama will kiss you ever so much General Carroll got shot by the enemy‘s for me. pickets. Your affectionate father, ---  ---

Camp near Cedar Mountain, George Cramer W. Slaughter(?), August 18th, 1862 I wish I could have written this in ink. Dear Daughter, ---  --- Your very unexpected letter came to hand and I was much rejoiced to learn that, Tuesday morning, September 4th, 1862 although you‘re too young to write yourself, or knowing what to write, that Dear Wife, you are learned to love your father by your dear mother. I could not otherwise but I hasten to write a few lines, but the answer your letter. same time it is uncertain whether they will I do not know whether it will be reach you unless I get an opportunity to granted to me by our Heavenly Father to send it in to Washington by some private return home to you and your dear mother. way, as all public mail is for the present I therefore can not too much enjoin upon prohibited, that is to go from camp. Mail you to love and obey your kind mother coming in for soldiers is coming regular. which not only will secure a reward to you We reached this camp (the name of mother for her toils and cares she had in it I have not learned yet. We can see the bringing you up, but also it will lead you city of Washington from here.) Tuesday in the path of the good, and securing to night about nine o‘clock, weary and war you in after life happiness by knowing of worn, and only since yesterday we are having been a dutiful child to your parents allowed to look over the things that passed and also having obeyed the command of since the ninth of August. Then only since your Heavenly Father. yesterday the roar of canon & musketry I am only sorry that I could not have ceased to fill our ears, and may God grant written this upon your young heart with that we will be allowed rest for a while, ink that temptation of the world could which we so much stand in need of. never wipe it away, but hoping that this If I remember rightly, the last letter I short instruction may be brought to your wrote you was on the 17th or 18th of heart when you can understand them, August (since that we could none anymore). Scarcely had I mailed it, we Not to let the enemy get possession of it, a had to break camp and put under arms, and battery of ours and our (Hartsuff‗s) were kept that way until 11 o‘clock at brigade was ordered across to hold it night when we marched about two mile, again[st] the enemy at all hazard. So we when we halted until in the morning crossed the bridge again and took before sun up, when we resumed our possession of said hill. But scarcely had march. And a big one it was too (so, by we got on it, when the enemy commenced the way, a fine tread for my birthday), and shelling us, to which we were not slow of we reached Rappahanock Station about 10 o‘clock at night. In the morning of the 20th, we found that we hadn‘t come any too soon as the enemy made its appearance on the opposite [side] of the river. So, had we come 12 hours later, they would have crossed the bridge before us which would have proved disastrous to our armies.18 As soon as the enemy appeared, Battle was prepared for. Right across the river, on the enemy side, was a hill which was considered important for us to hold.

18 General Pope commenced on August 18th, a Figure 12: Bridge over the Rappahannock retrograde movement from the line of the Rapidan.

At tattoo, that night, all the drum Corps and bands replying. This position we held for two were brought into requisition, with a view to deceive the enemy as to the movements in days and three nights and, although the progress. Proceeding through Culpepper, the enemy‘s fire at times was heavy, it was brigade took position on the 19th, on the north bank almost harmless to the Old Eleventh. And of the Rappahannock, and the enemy, following up the regiment proved by its coolness under the retreat, soon appeared and commenced the threatening fire, that they can be relied skirmishing with the cavalry. About noon of the 20th, the Eleventh, with a section of Matthews' upon it, and our general expressed himself battery F (First Pennsylvania artillery), under highly pleased with us and only asked of Lieutenant Casey, crossed the river and took us to do likewise in the future. As I said position on Graveyard Hill, about five hundred above, we held this position 2 days and 3 yards beyond the bridge. During the succeeding nights again the enemy, but owing to a night, an additional bridge was built. The rd detachment being hotly shelled by the enemy, the heavy rain which fell during the 3 night, Twelfth Massachusetts and Thompson's the river got so high that the safety of the Independent Pennsylvania battery of four guns, bridge was doubtful. Accordingly, we got were sent to its support, and the remainder of the orders to fall over to the main body. But brigade was pushed across. Entrenchments were scarcely had the enemy perceived our commenced on the hill, at which the men worked vigorously during the day and night of the 22nd. A movement, they made a rush for the hill sudden rise in the river swept away the newly and bridge. But we had all got over safe constructed bridge, and the brigade was ordered to and our artillery was ready to receive retire to the north bank, which was done under a them. The slaughter among the rebels heavy fire in safety, and the railroad bridge there was great. destroyed. The loss of the Eleventh in this engagement was one killed, three wounded, and I will have to close here as I think one missing, Major Frink and Adjutant. Uncapher there is a chance of sending this letter. having their horses shot under them. - Banks I am not wounded. More the next seriously wounded20. Colonel R. Coulter time. commands the brigade. Captain Kuhn took sick on the march. When we came to Your affectionate husband, Frederick, he was compelled to leave the company and go to the hospital. Lieutenant Noble is also in some hospital. George Cramer Maybe he was taken back to Washington. He took sick before the Bull Run fight, but ---  --- still tried to stick it out and fought hard at that fight which I believe done him no Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, good. He still kept on and kept with [the] September 21st, 1862 regiment coming from Virginia on to Washington, but somewhere between Dear Wife, Washington and Frederick he was

I have no doubt that you are all anxiety and trouble about me, and disappointed in not getting a letter from me before this, but I assure you it was impossible for me to write to you before this. Since receiving your last, we have been pushed forward where we met the enemy on the mountain between Frederick and Hagerstown19. The details of it you will have received through the newspapers, which are in no wise Figure 13: Dead Confederate soldiers along exaggerated. Miller's Cornfield, Sharpsburg. In my last letter, if you received it, I stated that I have not been well since we compelled to stay back. I suppose his left Hall‘s Hill, Virginia and I had not got people know his whereabout. Our better all along, and on Sunday evening, company has neither captain, lieutenant, this day a week, forcing the mountain, I nor any sergeants, only corporals to was forced to leave ranks and sank down command us. We have but one captain in at a tree. It just commenced getting dark, our regiment; the rest is killed, wounded the battle raging furious. I rested for a or back sick. Our lieutenant colonel got while and then walked down where our killed at Bull Run; also our Major brigade had left its knapsacks. George wounded so we have but one field officer R[e]ighter I met there, sick like myself. in the regiment, and his attention is more We have been together ever since, both required to the brigade now than he can almost unable to walk. But this day we pay to our regiment since Hartsuff is came up to our brigade and many a face is missing among us. General Hartsuff is

20 Hartsuff was wounded in Miller‘s Cornfield at Antietam. Brigade command devolved upon Col. 19 South Mountain Coulter. wounded. So you can see we are in a bad George Reighter wrote before I wrote this trim21. and mentioned me, but I could not rest but In your last letter you said that you write too, so he gave me an envelope. received no letter of me for a long time. While we were along the Rappahanock we ---  --- could not write. The first opportunity I had was at Halls Hill. I wrote you a letter Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, from there and I wrote you another one on September 29th, 1862 the march from Washington to Frederick which our quartermaster sergeant took to Dear Wife, Washington and mailed it there. And no doubt you received one last Friday when I received your letter dated the 22nd we passed through Murfeesbourough. which you may be assured is always a George Reighter wrote a joint letter for his great treat to me to hear from home. One wife and you and directed it on both end. thing though: I regret to hear about John We mailed there, in which both our being out with the militia, but hope that by situation is stated and no doubt you got it this time, or very soon, he get home again, before you receive this. and the same time that he may be satisfied Th[ese] battles which have been soldiering. fought here in Maryland22 will bring Just as I had commenced writing, sorrow to a great many families, as the we got orders to pack up. We‘re going to loss on both sides was heavy. And if only change camp – which we did. We moved God would have mercy on the nation and to the banks of the Potomac. So we put a stay to this bloodshed. He has occupy one side of the river and the rebels protected me so far and can further if his are on the other. Occasionally their will. pickets are seen. I must close short with my best Dear Mary, no doubt you‘re more wishes to all friends, and my sincere love anxious to hear how I‘m getting [along] to you and Maney. than about anything else. Since we‘re laying here resting I got quite well and Your affectionate husband, begin to pick up fast. Of course I‘m weak yet, and it would set hard if there should a forward movement be made, which I hope George Cramer will not be for a while, for the authorities can‘t be blind to the fact that the old army Write soon and often even if you fail of is a set of men wore down, almost unfit for getting a letter from me. The last time was service at present. It is true they fought a long time getting a letter. the last battles (there was but few new regiments in the actual fight), and were victorious too, but they fought with the last desperation to stop an invading foe from advancing on to their own fireside,

21 th and the same time to make good again that Of the 11 at Antietam, five out of nine officers most shameful defeat of Bull Run, which were disabled and one hundred and twenty men killed or wounded. – Locke was not caused by the want of bravery by 22 Thoroughfare Gap, Second Bull Run, South the men, but by the ill management, yes, Mountain and Antietam. sometimes it is thought through treachery, from Annapolis and there never was even of some of our generals23. a reprimand given to me. They might be I have no claim of partly winning favorable again to me, but the same time I the last victory, but it was impossible for would not risk incurring the ill will of my me to go into action. I kept on climbing officers. There has too many gone to let the mountain almost to the very top, when one slip if they see themselves under the I had to fall out of the ranks and sank necessity to inflict punishment to others. down alongside of a tree, which our So let us live on in hope that a time may colonel himself come that I might get an opportunity to get saw. But it was no home. wonder, as I had In your next, let me know whether been sick then for you have received any of my letters ever about ten days. It since Pope‘s order has expired of sending may have been for letters home. You never stated whether the best; it may you receive any of mine, but … that‘s have saved my life. some time ago that you got none, although So I cannot but be I had written several. You also will write thankful to God for me whether you received five dollars of all his kindness he Mr. Martin which I gave him for you when has so far bestowed he was here. We have not been paid off upon me, and pray yet and I thought you might need it. I that he may in should have been bad off if I hadn‘t had future be my any money while I was back of the Figure 14: General protector that I regiment. I wouldn‘t had anything to eat, Irvin McDowell may, with his will, and it was even hard to get food for return home yet to you and my dear child money. The rebels had cleared the again. country pretty well out. You said I should try to get a About Mrs. Reighter having her furlough as there is a great many of others George acting second Lieutenant, don‘t let at home too. This, Mary, is impossible to that concern you. You ought to know her get. And as for others being at home, they to be a would be something (sick). And as went home without consent of anybody, for Micheal Smith leading the company and may be punished severely. Then into action, [it] is not so. And as for again, they may slip by, returning George Reighter being broke and nothing themselves soon again. This course I did but a private, [it] is utterly false. George is not think advisable. And even if they what he has been: that is corporal. So should only take some of the pay as a drop that. Don‘t mix yourself in anything punishment – which would be according of such nonsense. Be content that you to law – [it] would be a very light have a husband in the American Army, punishment. And then again, I went home High Private. As for me, I am tired serving. 23 During the hot days of the campaign, General I forgot to mention the orders are McDowell took to wearing a cool bamboo hat. very stringent respecting men staying Such was his disfavor among the men that it was behind, ―straggling‖ as they call it. But I rumored that it was a distinguishing mark to prevent him being shot by the Rebels. It was even can assure them that when I‘m unable and rumored that he had been shot by Gen. Sigel for sick to follow, all their law won‘t compel open acts of treason. – Locke me to kill myself. If they see proper to so that I may return home to give her my punish me then they may do so. thanks personally. But then she must I shall close with my best wishes to make a dinner to bend the table; so much mother and John and Grandpap and so that old John shall wish for no more Grandmother and my constant love to you soldier acquaintance to call. For the and my Bird. Don‘t forget to kiss her. present, tell her to accept my kindest thanks. Your affectionate husband, Dear Mary, in your several letters you expressed a wish for me to come home, which I don‘t doubt, learning that George Cramer my health was bad. But don‘t let that trouble you any more. I have got right well Write soon. again. I have a very good appetite and look very different from what I did. I Hurrah for the Militia that stopped the hope that there will be an opportunity Rebels! But us poor fellows had to fight sometime this fall or winter for me to get them and many a brave fellow had to bite home. It is true that a great many has gone dust and thousands to be crippled for life. home without leave, which I might have But their will is a credit to them. done also, but as I said in my last letter, being that I went home from Annapolis, ---  --- and the very reason, on the other hand, that so many did go at present, it might not Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, be advisable for me to go. Although if October 7th, 1862 there is any punishment inflicted at all on any of the men it will be made as light as Dear Wife, possible by our colonel. One thing is certain, if he ain‘t compelled to punish I received your letter dated Sept. them he won‘t do it because he is a man of 28th and also, through James Smith, a box good sense and feeling both, although he with contents the whole this morning. I is not blessed of having a family himself am pleased to learn that you at least got (he is a bachelor). some of my letters I wrote you since the I‘m sorry to hear about George battle of Bull Run. It almost made me feel Reighter, that he could not do [that] which not to write, not knowing whether they he has prayed so much for, that is, to keep reach you or not, and the same time from drinking(?). As far as taking up knowing how anxiously you would look others, he is making a fool of himself and for them, then I know that a letter written would not talk thus if it was not for the by my hand is of more satisfaction to you liquor. He has no more a pass than any of than if you would hear of other persons the boys had, and is as much liable to be about me. At least it is the case with me. taken up as any of the rest. It might be The things you have sent me are well if he would not stay too long. This I very acceptable and I think I shall relish write to your satisfaction, not for the them very much more so because they are public. from home. Tell Mrs. Wolf that I will eat Understand there is nothing known what she sent me to her very best health, here that Capt. Kuhn is promoted a wishing that God may give life and health lieutenant colonel. Of course, after the fall of our lieutenant colonel and major (major exposures are and also know his only wounded), Kuhn, as the senior constitution, and I am certain that no man captain in the regiment, took command in in the country who knows him will ever their place, which he holds until the reproach him for want of not doing his vacancy is filled, to which, if he desires it, duty to his country. What has Captain has a very fair chance as he is Porter told him? He is an experienced acknowledged as a good officer. man. Should the captain be in Carlisle yet But even this is not all that I‘m when you receive this, you will go to him imploring him for staying at home. There and get him to get you my soldier overcoat is some more reasons, and I think good out of the box at Glass. My will be found ones too. The duty a man owes to his on the sleeve lining, also two copper plates country in time of need should be one of of a pair of scales is in the box belonging the highest. But it seems to me that in to me. In the overcoat pocket is the gloves every sensible man‘s eyes there is you sent me last winter and also a neck something which is still dearer, and must cravat. The gloves I would like to have be dearer, even than anything else: that is again. The rest keep at home. I also will his family. Of course, this will not acquit mention that the cape of the coat is him from doing his duty to his country. separated from the coat but it is rolled up But to come to what I was going to in the coat, at least when I put it in the say: in his case, not only what I stated box. before, but has not his family, his mother, I am glad to learn that John has got given enough to the country? Has not his home again and hope will, as you stated in mother given a husband? He a father your letter, stay at home. During his short (though he was but working for a railroad campaign he may have seen something of company. But is not the public at large soldier‘s life, but let me assure him, he did served by a man in that capacity?)? What not see the beginning of it24. You may support has anybody given to his mother believe when I write home I never try to since? No, he was left alone, yes, a mere picture our trials and hardships as they are, boy yet, when his mother had to build her for it would not benefit me but only would hopes for his support. Could anybody, the fill the hearts with sorrow and trouble to country, ask to deprive her of that only friends at home. He may feel that he, as a son? I say no! This let John consider young man, owes it to his country to well, and I know he will not act rashly in tender his services in the hour of her trials. future. I know he possesses that patriotism, and in He might say, ―why did not he think his answering to the call of his state, has so?‖, but I‘m not a native, but adopted proved himself to be worthy to be a son of citizen. It will cast more reflection on his native state and country. With this them for staying home than it will on knowledge, let him be content, and let him native born. I am sure he will grant that. further remember that he has not the Well do I agree with the poet speaking of physical abilities for a campaign during the glories of the warrior; but the same this war. Let him know I [am] speaking time, on the other hand, for the sorrows it from experience. I know what the leave[s] I will also agree. For his perusal I will copy the lines of the poet:

24 It is likely he joined the Pennsylvania militia which was recruited for a short term in response to O, bright the wreath the warrior twines, Lee‘s invasion of Maryland. but dark the heart it covers. Well, the news is that we got For like a blasting it shines another general day before yesterday, on widows, wives, and lovers. (orphans) name of General Taylor. Of course, our How glorious is the front of fight hopes of getting into some quarters to when first the gun has spoken! recruit are blasted now. Of course, this But dimly gleams its after light, new general, he wants to distinguish for many a heart is broken. himself, and he needs us boys to do it for him, so I don‘t expect the first fight we Now, dear little wife, I‘m getting shall be shuffed in, and perhaps the tired. This must be large enough a letter remainder of our once splendid looking for this time. Hoping that I may be able to regiment (because we did look well at get home soon; then we will have ever as Annapolis) cut up. big a talk and make up for what we forgot Captain Kuhn has arrived here; also to mention in letters. Hoping that mother Lieutenant Noble, so we have at least got better and my Birdy continues to be [a] somebody to command us again. Captain good girl, accept my love. Kuhn seemed rejoiced to see me, but I did not like that he did not bring the box, that Your affectionate husband, you had to take it to Smith, which seems to me like it was too much trouble for him. If you think that to be the case, recollect it George Cramer for the future. We expect to be moved at any ---  --- moment. Where to, we know of course not. The only thing I think we are waiting Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, on is clothes, which we need, because we October 10th, 1862 lost all at Bull Run. You mentioned in your letter that Dear Wife, you received five dollars of Mr. Martin, and would be sorry if I robbed myself. Just getting through with my dinner, Well, I‘m broke now, which matter[s] not. and having [a] couple of hours before I The Paymaster will be along someday, and have to go on post again (being on guard have I no money, I can‘t spend none. It‘s today), and as I have the blues most true, I should have been bad off if I thundering bad, I shall employ my mind wouldn‘t had any money after crossing the for a little time writing you a few lines. Potomac. Sick and left back from the What they will be I scarcely know, as I regiment at times, [I] consequently had to wrote you all in my last, as you had buy my eating; and also, sick, without requested me to write you a great, long anything to cover myself at night, so I was letter. But still I shall endeavor to give forced to buy a shawl, the only thing I you the little news there is going here. could get, which I got cheap, though. And In the first place, as you know, our in order to keep myself clean, I had to buy esteemed General Hartsuff got wounded in a shirt, for which I paid two dollars. When the last battle, and has certainly gained the I left Virginia I had thirteen dollars yet. reputation as a good and brave general, Consequently, it costed me eight dollars. which he gained deservedly. Of course, George Reighter mentioned that I we poor fellows had to fight for it. gave him some mush and he gave me an onion in return. I suppose he did not tell Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, you that during the time we were together October 14th, 1862 sick that I bought what we eat. I would not have mentioned this, because I would Dear Wife, do that to a stranger when sick on the road, but he had since things sent by his brother Although I have written to you two Christ[ian?] and the onion is the only thing letters since I received your last, dated he shared with me. But I wants you not to October the fifth, I shall write you some mention it to no one. How he will fare lines, being assured that they are when he comes back, I don‘t know. acceptable, the same [time] living in hope Dear Mary, as I stated, we are about on my part to hear from you soon, of to be moved from here. I almost wish I course, should you have not written yet. I would had gone home to see you when the shall make allowance for not doing so as, rest of our boys were there, for should we no doubt, you, as well the other people in move over to Virginia again, which I Cumberland Valley, must have been dread so much, I will not get home in a frightened out of their shoes – some hurry. Yes, there is a kind of feeling about perhaps out of their beds – about the me that, should we have to go over there, I never return again. This, however, is a very foolish thought. It may only be owing to the result of looking at our regiment since the last several battles. But what ever our lot shall be to go, I know that my life is as well in the hand of God in Virginia as here or elsewhere. With this knowledge I shall abide to faith. I shall have to close for this time by telling you to write me very often. Send me a paper of Smiths Needle No. 5. Between, put about three No. 7‘s and [put] a couple of button needles in. In some other letters you may put some writing paper. Stamps, send me none. I have plenty of them yet. Don‘t forget to write often, as it is always a disappointment when mail comes in and there‘s no letter Figure 15: Jeb Stuart's raid into Maryland for me. and Pennsylvania Except my love & kiss for you both. Rebels advancing into the Valley. This Your affectionate husband, has certainly been a bold stroke on their part, breaking through the federal line and, Geo. Cramer what is more, even to return into their own lines25. This may prove to some of our ---  ---

25 Stuart's raid through Maryland and Pennsylvania, in which he occupied Chambersburg briefly, northern fanatics who just to decry the occurrence, or else give at once up to the southerners as cowards, that they are not. Rebels as their inferiors. Those very fanatics, if they would come I‘m sorry that I must tell you that we out (which they will not) to fight the have not been paid of yet. And no doubt rebels, they would have found them as a you stand in need of money, especially at set of bold, yes brave, warriors. At least, this season of the year. But as it is almost we who are fight[ing] them have found it four months that pay is due to us, I almost so. wish they would not pay us until then, but This last raid, as it is termed by our then promptly. It would be a nice sum to men, is certainly an accomplishment send you. which should make us blush, at least our The camp news I got to write you is officers of the army. Here we have one (you will be astonished to hear it) – I am continuous line all along the Potomac; and almost, let‗s see, what, yes, ashamed to for all that, 3,000 of Rebel cavalry crosses mention it – I have been offered a and re-crosses all sound, and safe. There corporalship. But, of course, I modestly is certainly something wrong. I consider it declined it. When I joined Captain Kuhn‘s a shame on our arms, no matter how noble company I ask for nothing, but he the men fight when they meet the enemy voluntarily promised me some situation in the battlefield. The country can but failed to do so, of course. I never certainly not throw any reflection on the repeated it to him, nor will I do so, but still men in this late affair. Yes, I am satisfied, it is in my memory, so much so that I yes, convinced that every battle we have could not act as a corporal, which office I lost yet was not owing to want of bravery anyhow despise. on the part of the men. They certainly You will be content for this time. have done well every battle I have seen Hoping that you will let [me] hear from yet. It is high time that the government you soon, I will close with the instruction should see too the proper management of that you kiss my girl for me and to tell her the army or it certainly loses the to be a good girl so that when dada comes confidence of its bravest set of men it home that he will have to love her. As for possesses. The men already begin to say yourself, accept my love. there is no use of fighting if things go on this way. It certainly has a bad effect on Your affectionate husband, the men in the field when their mind must be filled with doubt and fears whether or not the Rebels might not been invading George Cramer their own counties, yes, to their own fireside, through some neglect on the part ---  --- of our own army. By [this] time, if you have been scared, your fright, I suppose, Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, will be over, as the invader have got what October 21st, 1862 they wanted and withdrawn. And it is to be hoped that our authorities (that is Dear Wife, military) are more watchful for a similar I received yours from the 16th with contents and am certainly thankful for destroyed Federal supplies, and succeeded in riding your kindness. Had I known that you clear around the rear of the Federal army. would send me money I should not have behind. Should you send the coat, send said in my former letter that I‘m broke, me an inch measure along. I lost although it is unhandy to be out of money. everything at Bull Run. But certainly I cannot , and do not, expect Dear Mary, you may be perhaps that from the few dollars I can send you, surprised to learn that I have written to you should send some of it back. Too well sister Mary, but such is the fact, for I do I know that you have to work hard as it thought this would be the proper time, is for a livelihood. when affliction has visit her herself, to As it is very windy and cold I shall hold up the error she made regard[ing] us; answer your question, and what I wish you not in the spirit of retaliation or in spite, could send me if possible. You wanted to but thinking it would have more effect know about Reighter, which I will gratify than at other times, to cure her from acting you in answering this time. But for the in the future as she did. Therefore, should future you will ask me no more of that any of them show any kind of friendship kind of camp news. Not that I‘m afraid to toward you, I‘m assured you will treat tell truth or that you keep it to yourself, it them with propriety. is unbecoming for me to do so. That is the You said in your letter you didn‘t only and sufficient reason. He has like to hear that we got a new general. returned to camp, as you know, and is not The Lord knows acting second lieutenant as his better half we don‘t like would have it, but is reduced to the ranks. him, for he The colonel has formed a very poor issues every day opinion about him, and perhaps would about a bushel have punished him more but for our full of orders captain. The Colonel says Reighter has and would have shirked every battle yet, which is partly us drill all day, true. You say you don‘t like him, which I for which we old can say the same. Of course, when we soldier[s] don‘t were back of the regiment I shared with care. For we him as I would with any sick person on the believe it useless road. Certainly, he is not man enough to Figure 16: General in time of fight, James Ricketts appreciate that, for when he has anything and that‘s what he would not know me. His natural we are in service for, not to act Sunday instinct is meanness. So here let us drop soldier like a standing army. That‘s him. played out with us. So he won‘t have Captain Kuhn has sent for some of much good will of the men and [they], I the overcoats which are at Glasses yet, but believe, will consequently not do for him I found it out too late. You can ask as they done for our brave Hartsuff. For whether they are sent off. If not, send me although I have seen little mentioned in mine along with it. Or if Micheal Smyth the paper, I can assure you that Rickett‘s could bring it any ways along, I should division, of which our brigade is part of it, like to have it. If neither, I will write to has had the hardest in the late fight – and you again how to send it. I don‘t like to noble did they do it. And when the other draw another one. We have drawn too brigades began to waver, our brigade stood many things, for which we have to pay and firm, with the ranks thinned out, until then had to lose them by leaving them reinforcement came up. Had it not been for the bravery of our colonel* just at that for yourself. But as you have mentioned time, the right wing of our army would in several of your letters, I thought you have been broken and perhaps the day lost may. But I want you to understand me on our side. But as he is not on good distinctly. Don‘t send it if you would have terms with Governor Curtin, he won‘t be to suffer by it. Then I can get along credited for [it]. without. Yes, a great deal sooner do Nothing more at present but my true without. If you should send anything, love, make Grandmother to send something. I want to eat at some other expense. I think Your affectionate husband, she can well afford it. For had I been at home, I should eat a good many Sunday dinner of her, so she has the best bargain George Cramer when all is done. Buy a paper of black pepper and *For at that time Haftsuff was wounded send it. You will also let me know what and Coulter had command of our brigade John is doing, for it seems he don‘t feel then. disposed to favor me with a letter, nor even send me a newspaper, which he ---  --- could easy do every week. Dear wife, as I said in some of my Camp near Sharpsburg, Maryland, former letters, I would try to get home this October 23rd, 1862 winter. I shall leave nothing untried to that effect. But for the present there is no Dear Wife, such hope. The orders are very stringent at present and it would not do well for any After due consideration I came to of the boys to leave, as some did some the conclusion you should send me my time ago, for this general means to carry overcoat independent of anybody. For I the orders out; yes, compel the officers in might just as well run the risk as drawing a the regiment under his command to have new one. And the same time you wish to them enforced. But as I said, I shall watch send some things, of which I certainly any opportunity. would have no objection. Therefore, you As for you to come up here, I may get a box and send me such things as should not advise [it]. You would have you wish and put the overcoat, gloves and little satisfaction at this place unless it a neck handkerchief in. If it would be not would be under peculiar circumstances. asking too much, I wish you would send As for how long we‘re going to stay here, two pound of butter. Although at home I no one can tell. We may be moved at any cared little about it, it seems to be the most hour; the same as it is always with the delicious thing in the world now. I have army during time of war. One thing is made arrangement with our quartermaster certain, they will have to put us in some to get the box hauled from Hagerstown to shape or form into winter quarters, for this our camp, so you will only have to send it way I certainly should not stay no matter by express to Hagerstown, from which what consequences there would be. office our teamster will get it. I would not This while past I have exhausted all have ask you to send me any thing, for I writing stock so I must break short for this do not know whether you have sufficient time by assuring to remain Your affectionate husband, Your affectionate husband,

Geo. Cramer George Cramer I presume I will have to go out [and] You will get the box marked as follows: camp. To stay in hotel will be too expensive. You can write to me. I shall go Mr. George Cramer to the post office. Care of George W. Thorn, Quartermaster 11th Regt. Pa. Vol. Hagerstown, Md.

You might get Joseph Arnold to mark the box for you.

Send me three or four skein of black sewing silk & some patent thread. For although I can‘t work much, still sometime I have to do a little job for them.

Geo. Cramer

Give my love to all. It is very windy & cold here.

---  ---

Harrisburg, November 24th, 1862

Dear Wife,

I arrived here and reported myself forthwith, but it is doubtful whether we get off before three days, for which the adjutant provided me with a pass and also will get transportation. Yes, it might last more than three days. They have to make a squad up first. Tell James Warden to come on and we‘ll get his paper also. But I‘m sorry I came. I feel bad. They advise me to go in the hospital, but I dread to do so for there I‘m liable to get the camp fever. I wish I had taken Charles Foulk[‗s] advice.

content that I always shall cherish my wife and child, no matter how I may be treated. 1863 But with the other two, I shall be done for. But enough. Writing goes too hard. I shall close with my love to you and Maney. Germ. Reformed Church Hospital, Harrisburg Your affectionate although injured husband, Dear wife,

According to promise, I shall write you George Cramer my whereabouts, although it may not quite please you to learn the place I‘m in. I Give my respects to Grandpap & came to Harrisburg, as you know, on Grandmother, Uncle John‘s family and Monday afternoon, expecting to report at Wolfs. once and try to proceed with Roll, who agreed to wait on me until next morning. N.B. Direct your letter: Geo. Cramer, But I took very sick so that I did not leave Harrisburg, Box 105. the hotel after arriving, and was compelled to ask the proprietor in the evening, at 7 ---  --- o‘clock, to conduct me to bed. In the morning, however, I managed to report Germ. Reformed Hospital, Harrisburg, myself and stated to the adjutant my February 12th, 1863 condition and, kind to me as ever, [he] sent me to the above state hospital which Dear Wife, is, by the way, the best in the city. He would have sent me another furlough, but I received yours of the 8th. I am Capt. William Lane is removed and sorry to learn that you and Maney ain‘t as another in command, and he has different well as I would wish; hoping, though, that orders. you may have got better since. I still You need not be alarmed about Small remain here and feel in some respect better Pox; there is none where I am. These than I did. But still I can‘t say that I‘m cases are all sent out to Camp Curtin. well, and scarcely believe the doctor How long I may remain, I do not knows what‘s wrong with me. I‘m a good know. The doctor said to Mr. Robert deal swelled over my stomach. So far as Smiley, who is nurse in the ward where discharge is concerned, they are very slow I‘m in, he would examine me for about it. There is men laying here for four discharge, but whether I shall wait or go months who ought to have their discharge, on when able, I can‘t tell. But should you but still it is put off. Should I be able to go get this letter in time to write me again on to another place, I believe I would Monday afternoon, do so. succeed better. You may see on the writing that I‘m Mr. Stringfellow, you write, would trembling, but don‘t let that trouble you. It like to know how to proceed about coming soon will be better, and I hope everything on. There is but one way of safety that I else will go better. For the present, be know of ; that is, if he wants to go on to his regiment: to come down here and myself to go on to the regiment and, as report himself at once to the provost good luck would happen, to my notion I marshal, who will then send him on with will leave this evening at five o‘clock for the first squad leaving here. By so doing, South. When I arrived I met both he will not be considered as deserter. Or, Stringfellows. They told me they got paid if he would like to come in to the hospital off and also entertained a fear for me that I here, he has to report at Dr. Wilson, might be taken as a deserter. But I relied Medical Director. Otherwise, he might be upon my papers and they did not deceive taken as a deserter. me. I leave Harrisburg not as a deserter, You complain of my letter being nor as a straggler. I am going as a written cutting. I have only written to the furlough man from Harrisburg on to dictates of my feelings and at some future Alexandria, all thanks to my good time I shall mention the subject once adjutant. more. For the present, I do not feel for it. I write this in great haste to satisfy You ask my advice about Arnold‘s you because you have some anxiety, I buying a sewing machine for you. The know. More the next time. first importance to this is what kind of work they will give you; that is, what Your affectionate husband, price? Second: how much they will retain of you every week? On those two points you ought to inquire to. It certainly would George Cramer be beneficial should they agree to a reasonable term, especially as there still be ---  --- a good deal of money due me, where you could help yourself along. You may ask Camp Distribution near Fort Barnard, them about those points and let me know. March 23rd, 1863 But never agree to get any other machine but Singer‘s. Dear Wife, Hoping to hear from you soon, I remain Although I feel in no way of writing, it is no more than just to overcome those Your affectionate husband, feelings to inform you of my situation. As I already wrote to you from Harrisburg that I left there that same evening at five George Cramer o‘clock, and as we had to lay overnight in Baltimore and also at Washington, we did Save the likeness(?), don‘t destroy it. not get to the convalescent camp before Saturday. On arriving, we got examined: ---  --- those who where considered fit for duty were sent right away to the above-named Harrisburg, February 12th, 1863 camp (the two named camps are almost beside each other). I was retained in Dear Wife, Convalescent Camp until last Saturday when we got another examination whether I arrived safe here at Harrisburg and to get before the board for discharge or went forthwith to the office and reported whether we would be ordered to our respective regiments without coming I am sorry that I can find no way of before that board. The latter has been my getting money here. Even had I my case. Consequently, the first squad leaves descriptive list I could not get a pass to go here of my army corps, I shall be sent to over to Washington to draw it as they the regiment. formerly did. All those things are played If anybody thinks that discharges can out at present. So I must see what luck I be gotten any ways easy at present is far will have with the regiment, for which I mistaken. That time is past. They send am anxious now to get up to. Perhaps that now almost to say cripples on to their I may feel more content there than I do at regiments. Yes, had I been only a nine- present. month man, more than likely I should have You will have to be content with this been discharged. One of that class, of my much for the present, as I said before that ward, did get on the same what I have, I‘m rather in ill humor. Hoping that you namely swelled veins in the leg. As far as are in better spirits than I am, and the same my swelling is concerned, they don‘t bring time that you will not repay me in my own that in consideration at all at present. coin, that is, a long silence, I close with a There is quite a number of such cases here. kiss to you and my stubborn little Bird. Those boys who were fortunate enough to get their discharge from here before this Your affectionate husband, board of the different army corps got sent here to make the examination for discharges may thank their stars. I think George Cramer not a single one of them would get it now. It seems they cling to the three-year men N. B. Direct your letter to the regiment. I for the purpose they carry on the war with expect to get off from here tomorrow or them until they can bring in new drafted else Wednesday. men in the field which cannot be affected. Again, the nine-month and two-year men ---  --- will leave for home, so us old wore down troops can make up our mind to make the Camp near Fletcher Chapel, Virginia, best of it and keep on fighting in behalf of March 28th, 1863 the poor, unfortunate Sambo26. Never mind our lives or health. Yes, even never Dear Wife, mind our families. The government calls for it. In my last letter which I wrote to you At present, dear wife, I can do no from Camp Convalescent, I stated that I better than to say as let us trust in Him would be sent on to my regiment with the who stood so far by and protected me from first detachment leaving the camp for my harm. He may have willed that I may corps. We left there last Thursday return again to my beloved ones at home, morning and I came up to the regiment the and those trials we are under now may same evening and was well received by tend only to bring us nearer him, for which my old associates, who all seemed well I fervently pray. pleased to see me return. It is true some of them did not think to see me back with the Army. They expected that I would get my 26 President Lincoln issued the Emancipation discharge. Some others again call me a Proclamation on January first of this year. fool for returning when I did, where eight month pay so as to get enabled to nobody ordered me to do so. But that is send you money which I‘m aware you all past now, and got to make the best of it. much need. As good-for-nothing as I am, I am well pleased that our colonel is up it still hurts me to know my family is in with the regiment. He only got here the want. day before I came. He was well pleased Since I arrived here in camp, I have when he saw me and told me they missed not done any duty yet. Yesterday the me very much during my absence. They colonel ask me whether I‘m still swelled did not know where to get their clothes yet. He had been told that I was. I told fixed. He did not look at my papers at all him that I was. I have not been over but told the adjutant right away that all anxious as yet to play the soldier. This was right concerning me, that I had leave day I have been sewing a little for the of absence, so old Abraham‘s colonel. That‘s all I done since I‘m in proclamation won‘t stop any of my pay27. camp. As I told you all already when I was at When I was last at home, I told you home yet, that proclamation only would that my friend the adjutant had left affect those who where absent without Harrisburg and went on to our regiment. leave from their regiment, and it is surely a But I did not find him here, as he left the very mild measure the administration regiment the day before I came up. He adopted with absentees who, by the way, went home on furlough, his wife being could have been punished as deserters. very sick. But this way they have a chance until the The papers you receive, rather the first of April to return to their respective news they contain respecting the Army of regiment without any punishment or the Potomac being in excellent spirit, you disgrace but only lost pay during [the may just take it for granted that the time] they have been absent. majority are in the same spirit as your I [am] both glad and sorry that the husband. It would be idle of me or any paymaster has not been up with our body else to pretend to say when we might regiment yet. In the first, had he been up be moved from here. We might get orders with the regiment before my arrival, I at any minute. Then again, we might lay might not [have] had any chance of getting here for some time. In saying this I know any pay for four or five months. In the I speak the truth, and you will find me latter place, I‘m sorry that the paymaster correct as you can already have found me hasn‘t come here since my arrival so that I respecting other things in the army. For could have sent you the money enclosed in instance, some of the old wise folks (who this. But still, it [is] best that the regiment always found a ready ear in our house) was not paid off. I think [I] shall get all would have our regiment paid off again my pay as I was mustered the last the tenth or fifteenth of March. That mustering day, namely as sick in the might have happened so, but no one can hospital. You may therefore easy judge say so. We are not paid off yet and it is that I look anxiously for that individual idle for any body to say when we will. Of with the green backs to handle me over course we expect it will be before long. I have written all what [I] could gather since my arrival here which I thought you 27 On March 10th, President Lincoln issued an order of amnesty for men absent without leave from the might take interest in it, but I shall ask you Union Army. They were required to report by of a little more indulgence perusing the April 1st, or be considered deserters. letter. No doubt that some of the people it. Being at home and having enjoyed its seem to be content now learning that I‘m comfort during the whole winter, it up with the regiment and that there is no certainly goes a little hard to come down likelihood to return anyways soon, perhaps to camp life again; especially so as we had never. As so, I shall be at least pleased to very rough weather ever since I came here. know that my absence affords some But still, it is better than if I had to be on people satisfaction. But as for yourself, I march now, so I shall try to be content, as believe, yes I fear, that is not the case, and much so as possible. for this [I] live and hope on to return home I must still repeat in this again that again to enjoy the society of those who are our paymaster has not made his nearest and dearest to me. appearance yet. Consequently, the Boys Hoping that this unholy struggle may are without money yet, and I‘m surely in soon cease and North and South once the same fix, and have therefore the more live like a band of brothers, and the satisfaction to know that my wife has two same time that they may not forget and chances left to her and her child: to work neglect the widows and orphans whose herself blind or else starve. So, therefore, husbands and fathers have sacrificed their it is a fine thing to be one of Uncle lives in this unnatural strife in order to Abraham‘s Soldiers, for he still feeds the uphold the greatness of the country and the men yet. I suppose for wives and children sacred principles inherited from the they don‘t care as they don‘t fight for the founders of this great republic, I shall down-trodden race28. close with my kindest wishes towards all The news you gave me respecting inquiring friends, and my love and kiss for Charley Foulk had reached camp before you and my bad little girl. yours, for it seems that some people are always anxious to communicate the Your affectionate husband, downfall of others. It is certainly unexpected and unpleasant news to me, for Charley has certainly been always very George Cramer good and kind to me and [I] cannot help but feel for him and hope and pray that he N. B. Don‘t forget to answer. I have not may prove himself free of the charge he is received an answer to my letter I sent from under now. Camp Convalescent. You stated in your letter that it was reported at Carlisle that Captain Kuhn was ---  --- dishonorable dismissed from the service. From this it seems that we have some ill- Camp near Fletchers Chapel, Virginia, principled men in our company to write April 8th, 1863 things home; yes, things which had not taken place. For in this instance it surely Dear Wife, was the case, for the Captain only got his release from service the other day. He is I received yours dated 30th March still here yet. I think he may leave here and am sorry to learn that you still have to suffer occasionally of your old complaint, 28 Following Antietam, President Lincoln delivered toothache and swelling face. As for me, the Emancipation Proclamation, effectively I‘m getting along as well as I could expect broadening the purpose of the war to include emancipation for slaves in Confederate states. tomorrow, or perhaps [the] day after. I expecting a reply to mine as soon. For don‘t think he got any more but what he you may believe that from the very time I was desirous of getting; that is, to get mail a letter for you, I would like to have a relieved from service. But if anybody in reply. So you can‘t be too prompt in Carlisle is very anxious to know the answering. particulars about it, I suppose Capt. Kuhn In my last, I stated that Capt. Kuhn is able to would come home. He left us last Friday furnish them morning. He may have to stop in satisfactory as Washington to get pay & etc., but may get he is returning home ere this reaches you. I have sent home; yes, with him the bone ring of which I spoke in returning my last. It is true that he was dismissed home to the [from] the service, but as I said in my Figure 17: Rings carved by regret of former, he got precisely what he wanted, George Cramer many of us, and anybody can convince himself of it. for we shall surely miss him. Yes, the For all he is dismissed, he is able to show whole regiment will. For myself, I‘m papers which his superior officer has surely very sorry, for we will not get furnished him of which he can feel proud another captain for our company who will of it. The government is deprived of the favor me as much as Capt. Kuhn has. service of a good officer and it is really an I shall ask the Captain to take a ring injury to our regiment. But I believe the home for you which I made myself since Captain felt like a great many more does: I‘m here in Camp. The ring is made out of tired of this war, and hence his desire of bone with the letters M. and C. carved in getting out of it. at the top and then filled in with Sealing By the heading of this you will see wax. It is not valuable, but I thought it that we are at the same place yet as when I might be interesting enough for you to first came up to the regiment. But there is keep it even if you don‘t wear it. some possibility that we might soon leave, Hoping that I may be able to judging from the activity of the army. We forward you money soon, and that my had quite a stirring time all last week in little Bird may keep her promise to be a brigade & division drills, mustering & good girl, I remain reviews. The President reviewed us last Thursday29. Your affectionate husband, You made a great effort in your letter to convince me of your love & George Cramer fidelity. I can only say this is useless. For all that ever took place (of which you are ---  --- afeared) which displeased me, I always thought, and believe so yet, you got led to Camp near Fletchers Chapel, Va., [it] by others. And there shall always be April 12th, 1863 the blame left, and hope that I may not be

Dear Wife, 29 Colonel Coulter having resumed command of the Regiment (after being wounded at Fredericksburg), th Colonel Leonard of the brigade, and General I received your letter dated the 5 of Robinson of the division, it was reviewed on the 2d this month. I was pleasantly surprised, not of April by General Hooker, and a few days thereafter by President Lincoln. Figure 18: President Lincoln reviewing the troops shortly after Antietam. wrong; for would I know to be wrong in not mistaken. I am the same yet. What this opinion, I might feel different from took place, it is true, to think over it makes what I do now. I‘m living in hopes that, me feel sad, but there is no estrangement. should I ever return home, that I should And as I declared once before to you, may find cause to convince me more in my happen what will, even the worse, I shall present opinion. For under it I could have do then as duty dictates me to do. But the no respect for the person who is sowing latter may God prevent. This shall be the the seed of dissatisfaction between last time I feel like writing on this subject husband and wife. Yes, and to come to the for it is useless, for the future will real truth, I have none now. But I do determine our destiny. regard [you] as yet the victim of their I have written more than I intended destructive counsel. For destructive it is to to. I shall, therefore, put off some other families & society to counsel a daughter to things which I might [have] stated for leave the one she is to love & cherish until some other time. I hope this letter may not death. And this has certainly been done; give you apprehension that I might love yes, even in my presence. I only hope that you less than you would have me to, for I you may never be influenced by such can assure you that you are in possession advices again. If we live, future will give of undivided love. There is no sister, no evidence to what you declared in your last. mother, nor anybody who has possession But as for yet, I do[n‘t] doubt that your of my heart. It is yours if you wish to declaration proves true. Nay, I even don‘t keep it. entertain that doubt. With this assurance I close with a As for saying in your letter you goodnight kiss. believe that I‘m the same yet (of course [I] take that you mean to say that I feel Your affectionate husband, towards you as formerly), in that you are company would be best satisfied if the George Cramer lieutenant would become captain. And they certainly would do better than any You will not neglect to kiss my hopeful other man, for we all know he is daughter for me. But she must be a good deserving. But this, of course, is not girl for it. always brought in consideration by the authorities. We also entertain further fears G. C. that we might lose our colonel under this order of consolidation. Whenever that ---  --- takes place, I shall be more tired of the army than ever. Camp near Fletchers Chapel, Virginia, But [we] will have to put up with April 21st, 1863 [it]. As [with] every thing else, the government don‘t ask the men what they Dear Wife, like or dislike. For if they did, there would be a many thing otherwise. In some Your letter of the 13th I received instances I even think it would be Sunday evening although out on the line of beneficial to the army, for there is picket, for there our regiment had gone on certainly orders we are under of which no duty last Friday afternoon and remained good can result, but rather have a tendency there for three days. I, of course, was one to make the men dissatisfied with the of the number. This may make you think government. For instance, at present we [it] set a little hard on me, but the weather are to be ready for marching in a minute‘s was quite favorable the first two days and warning, and to be supplied with eight nights and, by the way, the Rebels didn‘t [day‘s] ration which we will have to carry. disturb us any, so I got along right well. Now how can any sane person think that a I have already informed [you] of the man is able to carry it beside the necessary departure of Capt. C. Kuhn, and you seem clothing, ammunition, gun and of being afeared that I may miss him; of accoutrement, blanket and shelter tent. which I am sure I will. For I expect that I And to crown all this, the soldier, of shall do, or rather have to do, more duty course, is expected to be able to fight [if] than under him no matter who will get meeting the enemy. The latter, if the men command of the company. Lieut. James are compelled to carry all, I‘m afeared will Noble is acting captain for the present. be lacking, for it is not in a man‘s physical Whether he will get the Captaincy I‘m not powers to do. able to say, for there is orders that all When we received orders to carry broken down regiments shall be eight days ration, we were ordered the consolidated and the supernumerous same time to pack up all clothing except a officers discharged, which would make a change of shirts and drawers and great changing about in officers over stockings, and other articles the men didn‘t companies30. One thing is certain: our wish to carry. These things was sent away under the promise of getting returned to the men. But this will be like the clothing

30 On the 26th of January, General Burnside was relieved, and Major General Joseph Hooker was suffered to rest in camp, while its commander was placed in command of the Army of the Potomac. busily engaged in re-organizing its ranks. - Banks Dispirited by its repeated failures, the troops were we left at Washington and the clothing we I expect receiving a letter from you lost at Bull Run Battle; the men will have before you receive this, as I see in your to lose it. But the men can‘t help last you had not received my last yet. themselves, for carry it they cant. So they Hoping that this war may end soon and I must put up with it. I drawed a new return to you again, I remain, as ever, Blanket, but have sent it away along with my overcoat. Of course, I never expect to Your husband, see it again, and will be a loss to me of about fourteen dollars. For as soon as it will [be] cold again I shall, yes, be made to George Cramer draw it. Our paymaster has not appeared yet, ---  --- although others have got paid all around us. You may believe this is cause to make Camp near Fletchers Chapel, Virginia, a great many of our men feel discouraged April 27th, 1863 and dissatisfied about the government. For it certainly should remember the Dear Wife, thousands of women and children who are dependent on the small pay for which their I hasten to drop you a few line[s], husband and fathers have tendered their for we received just now orders to march service to the government. This is early in the morning. Where to, I don‘t something the government is certainly in know31. too much of neglect. A man who enlists in It is with a sad heart that I must the army in time of war must expect to inform you that our regiment got paid off meet with hardship and even in instances last Saturday but I received no pay. All with hunger; in fine, with a great many the endeavors the colonel made were things unpleasant. But when the thought fruitless as I was not mustered* with the of home comes and the knowledge of the regiment last mustering day. If I would beloved ones to be suffering, indignation [have] had a certificate from the hospital is aroused in the most loyal heart. For that I was not mustered and paid there, I there is no use to say and uphold that could [have] got paid. So I have to wait country goes before your own home, your till next pay day. own family, for it won‘t hold out. I know it will be a hard blow for Especially when such neglect could be you, and dispirits me entirely. I feel like remedied if the government would make running to the world[‘s] end if it would the assertion. benefit you. I have sent with Michael I have written too much already Smith(Smyth?) money; five dollars which about this, which prevents me of saying I have made – all I could gather. Mrs. other matters for the time and must Smyth will give it to you. Her husband conclude, hoping that the government will use more vigilance with those who are 31 General Hooker, having made the necessary entrusted to see to those things spoken of. preparations for a general engagement, desired to For I believe really the government has mask his real design of crossing above made provisions to give no cause of these Fredericksburg, by making a great show of crossing below. He accordingly sent the 1st, 3d, complaints. and 6th Corps with immense pontoon trains down the stream to cross and make a demonstration on the right wing of the rebel army. - Banks has written to her. It is perhaps at least While laying the pontoons, there was 12 of [enough] to buy you for some weeks our army killed and 11 of the Rebels. Our bread. I must try to do without. men took about 150 prisoners. That, of I must close for fear the mail closes, course, you must consider only from our so accept a kiss and farewell in the hope of point. What is going on at other points, I being able to write to you soon. do not know. This morning so far, both armies are laying quiet and, as this is the Your affectionate husband, last of April, we shall be mustered if the Rebels don‘t disturb us. From all apparent, there is a great George Cramer battle pending33. I must make the writing short. If I should fall, you will get the ---  --- money without much trouble. But let us trust in God. Camp below Fredericksburg, So farewell. April 30th, 1863 Your affectionate husband, Dear Wife,

I hasten to write you a few lines as George Cramer we have the chance of sending the letters on to Washington with our chaplain, who ---  --- is going to take the money on for the men to send it by express to their respective Camp near Fitzhugh House34, Virginia, Families. May 7th, 1863 I have written a letter to you a few days ago stating that we got paid off but Dear Wife, that I received none, being not mustered, nor could [I] produce a certificate from the I did not write the letter as soon as I hospital that I was not paid while there. promised in my last, but it was impossible Consequently, [I] must wait until next pay as I had to go out on picket again, and only day. I also stated to you that we had order returned yesterday afternoon. It always to march next morning but were unable to. takes up three days. We go out every But this problem is solved now. We left week, so you see that we are only four our camp on last Tuesday and are laying days in camp in a week. now at the banks of the Rappahannock Friday and Saturday, part of our River. We have put our pontoon across army was engaged with the enemy, and all the river and a large portion of our army the rest is packed up, ready to march at has crossed to the other side the river32. any minute. Therefore, I hasten to write you this few lines yet.

32 The 3d Brigade marched at five A. M. of the 29th, and halting in a field till afternoon, it right bank early in the day, and in the afternoon the approached the Rappahannock at the pontoons of balance of the division joined it. - Banks the 1st Corps, where the left grand division under 33 The battle of Chancellorsville Franklin had effected a passage on the 12th of 34 Fitzhugh mansion was the residence of Major December previous. Merrill's brigade, after a Norman Fitzhugh, of the Confederate army. - spirited engagement, had gained possession of the Locke Figure 19: Sixth Corps crossing the Rapidan into the Wilderness.

During the time we had been on picket, our chaplain started away with the Dear Wife, money. I enclose you the receipt, for I can‘t tell what might happen with the Yours from the 3rd of May, and also money or myself. The battle may open at the one previous, I received. I replied but any minute. Although I think there will be owing that we were then in front, yes, much fighting at this point, I rather think under the guns of the enemy, there was no the Rebels will try to draw our army at mail facilities. I gave the letter to our some other point and we may get on a long chaplain who was expected that he would march. start for Washington but could not get a Hoping you may receive the money furlough on account the whole army being and also this few lines, and that you will in motion. That will explain that the answer soon. Although we may be on money of the soldiers has not reached march, the letters will follow us. Relying Carlisle yet. And also I don‘t know on the All Merciful in any situation, I whether my last letter to you is in his close with my love to you both. I remain possession yet or whether he sent on by mail. Your true husband and father, In my last letter, which I wrote in our old camp, I told you that we were to march next morning. And doubt[less] you George Cramer have seen in the papers that we did so. Of course we did not expect to march to Give my respect to Wolf‘s family. Washington, but to attack the enemy. We went to the river and the work Lieut. James Noble has been promoted as of death soon commenced. Our, the First captain of our company. Army Corp, took possession of the left of Fredricksburg [and] laid pontoons over the ---  --- river. The 2nd Division of the First Corp, to which my regiment belongs, was kept Camp near White Oak Church, Virginia, this side of the river as support. But when May 13th, 1863 the enemy‘s battery opened on us, we found to be rather in an uncomfortable woods the battle was raging fearful a little position, for the enemy‘s fire was very to our left such as we never had heard accurate. We had to move away from the before, and us wore down that we almost pontoon bridge something up into a road were unable to stand up36. But heaven was which formed a kind of breastwork for us. kind to us. The expected attack on our While laying there we had no casualty in wing was not made. our brigade for the balls and shells flew But still we got no rest, for at day over us or struck ground in the break the [sound] of cannons and embankment. We commenced rather to musketry broke out again in awful fury to get careless about balls in our position. our left. So we did not get out of our arms But we soon had to move to another point. day nor night. Our troops held out noble The enemy and the enemy soon found to try another was found to trick on us: to leave our right and fall back threaten our down to Fredericksburg again, where our right. We force[s] under General Sedgwick had had to make taken the Heights, to fall on him before we a forced can reinforce him again, of which they march from succeeded. the extreme Our regiment was out on picket for left to the forty-eight hours previous to our re- right, from crossing the river. The last day we were twenty to out, the army commenced re-crossing, but twenty-five of course we did not know that. I suppose miles. We our Colonel was aware of it, as he had Figure 20: Gen. John got there and command of the picket line of our Sedgwick crossed the division. When we were drawn in from river just at getting dark35. the line, we commenced to skirmish back We expected that we would remain through the woods and finally crossed the there, but scarcely had we halted a quarter pontoon bridge which was protected yet of an hour when we got order to go to the by one of our batteries37. extreme right, through the wood, as there We did not get up to our corps that was a flank movement of the enemy day for they had started across the River expected. Our progress was very slow as we had to feel our way all along because 36 ―The Wilderness on that night was a scene of we were the first of our troops entered that appalling grandeur. The bursting shells had ignited far to the right. We stopped at about 2 the dry leaves, and the red flames, running up the o‘clock in the morning, but not to rest, for tree trunks and enveloping the highest branches, we commenced to put [up] breastwork made the whole country like an ocean of fire.‖ - right away for an attack at this point was Locke 37 The Eleventh was placed on the skirmish line in expected every minute. front of the division, where it continued until the That night was a fearful night for us. morning of May 6th. During the night of the 5th, For while we were making through the the army retired, and at dawn on the following day, the Regiment withdrew to the entrenchments and found them abandoned. Here it was joined by the 35 On May 2nd, the regiment marched from One Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania, and Fitzhugh house to Chancellorsville, crossing at deploying skirmishers upon the flank and rear, the United States Ford and taking up position in the two Regiments retired to United States Ford, being Wilderness. the last troops to leave the field. - Locke long before daylight. But the next day the] Future would determine. But I must when we got up, especially to our brigade, repeat again as you seem anxious (at least we got greeted by cheers from the boys, it seems so to me). I should declare I am for it was feared and reported we got not changed. So, there it is. I will say all: captured. I am not changed. It is true, many a dark We are now encamped near our old cloud passes before me to look back over camp, that is below of Fredericksburg. the past, and I strive to banish it out of The roar of cannon has ceased for the time memory. For I cannot say, and will not being and both sides, the enemy as well as say, that I have not failed in some things. we, can look back with sorrow to the scene Besides, I never blamed you altogether for of conflict, on which we ought to see our what took place. I did not like [it]. And folly. For such it is. Let them count the no person, even not you, can convince me consequence and both sides will say we that you wasn‘t counseled by other person lost enormous. or persons. There is the change with me, I seen in the Philadelphia Inquirer of and there it will be, and there it justly the 11th that the army has crossed the river belongs. again, of which we know nothing here. No doubt it will grieve you to [hear] But I suppose newspaper scribbler know what I say, but I cannot help it. For a more about Hooker‘s business than he person guilty of trying to put dissension knows himself. General Hooker has acted between husband and wife is unworthy of so far wise and I hope he will do so in acknowledging – unworthy of any respect. future. My opinion is it would be For I know you have been counseled even injurious for the present to cross the river. not to live with me. To such persons I For the nine-month and two-year men are certainly must feel changed, and shall be. leaving us which amounts, I believe, to 88 It is the same time true no person should Regiments, which will weaken our force have so much influence over us: to feel considerably. estranged towards each other; to forget the I saw John Needer and gave him vow to ―love and obey;‖ to love and another bone ring which I made. He will protect, not for our own sake, nor the sake no doubt arrive before you get this. of our child; the latter even should be You stated in your letter that it was enough for us to be on our guard. What reported that I would not get all my pay, to think you how we could feel had I acted which I will only say, let the people talk if hasty, had I taken my departure the time they find pleasure in it. But I assure I get you left me? Could you look upon your it if I live. And if not, you will get [it], for fine child but in sorrow? Away with the we got mustered since. But we may not thought, or else the deepest dye of hatred get paid before another muster. arises in me towards the person who could You also said that you believe[d] be guilty of bringing about such a result. I that you would get more than five dollars hope and pray that I shall not in reality if I was paid; that you thought I was not bring cause for such a thing. May I never changed. No, God help me that I never feel otherwise as I do now towards my will change that way. It is unpleasant to wife and child, and also may never have me that you still refer to matters which cause to feel otherwise. you seem to wish to be forgotten. I Now I have written more than thought I wrote you very plain before that enough on this subject and wish to drop it, I did not wish to say anything, [and that for to fall back on it, it certainly brings wounding recollections to both of [us]. extent. As soon [as] you receive this, you Only let us hope for the future and try, if will answer immediately. Should we we think we have failed in some things, remain here in this camp I shall try to not [to] commit the same error. manage to send you five dollars again; so Hoping that this may find you and you will call at the post office. I am only our little Mary well, and providence may sorry for not taking the courage of asking will it in its mercy to bring about peace the lieutenant for some money before the and restore the country to its former chaplain started away with the men‘s happiness, and also restore husbands, money, for he told me, when [he] found fathers, brothers and friends to their loved out how I feel, he would have loaned me ones, I close with my love to you both. fifty dollars, for he could spare it then. But now he has sent it away with the Your affectionate husband, chaplain on deposit. The next five dollars, that is if I can send it as I said before from this place, I shall get from him. George Cramer I hope you won‘t think hard of not asking him, for the way a soldier is Give my respect to Wolf‘s Family and also situated, if he is honest, [he] feel[s] to Captain Kuhn. I saw his brother delicate about doing so. For [to]day you Martin, who was acting quartermaster of are alive, but the morrow you may be his regiment then. dead. You will not look for a long letter G. C. today, for I scarcely can hold up my head for the last three days from headache and ---  --- also pains in my limbs. But still, I tried all the time to keep up to work a little in order Camp near Fitzhugh House, Virginia, to gather five dollar[s] together to send it May 17th, 1863 to you. This way we might fight it out till pay day comes. I have not run myself in Dear Wife, any debt to sutlers. Of course, it goes a little hard when you‘re wore out and then It seems that you did not get my last to commence to work, but I shall do it for two letters as yet. Probable you may the present. After a while I can take it a before this will reach you. And as I little easier. learned that you are looking for a letter Tell Mary to be a good girl. If Dada from me, I concluded to write before lives long enough, he will send her some receiving one of you. And the same time, nice pictures then, for Dada will get all his thinking that the mail goes pretty safe pay. Hoping that these scribbled lines from here, I enclose you five dollars, as I may find you well, I remain as ever, have no other way of sending it; for it troubles me day and night how you get Your affectionate husband, along. You will also get the five dollars which I sent for you in Michael Smyth‘s package. For I know it has been started George Cramer off and will reach Carlisle before this letter. This may relieve you to some Don‘t trouble yourself about my feeling In my last letter I told you that I had not right, for it will pass away. a severe headache. It did not get any better, so yesterday at last I was compelled I direct your Letters M. C. Cramer to seek medical aid. Today I feel according to your request, but I must own something lighter. that I ain‘t sure about the C. You will From your letters I can notice that inform me. you did not receive the letter which I wrote and gave to our chaplain in front of ---  --- the enemy at the River. This is the fourth letter I have written to you this month. Camp near Fitzhugh House, Virginia, The reason why I did not get the loan of May 25th, 1863 five dollars to send you is there is a report that our (Hooker‘s) army will be paid off Dear Wife, shortly. So I put my hopes on it, although it is flimsy. For such reports were many Your last two letters I received and and proved to be untrue. But if you are am glad to learn that you have received the hard up, do let me know. Put your trust in money which I sent. Although it is but a me. I will try to do something then. trifle, it still may relief you some. I had I might have sent you two dollars more, but I had to buy things I could not do without. I could have bought them on credit, but I have kept so far out of sutlers books, so I paid. Such things as getting luxuries for myself, that is out of the question. And even had I the money, I should study a while to lay it down for nothing. The prices are fabulous. I bought last Saturday forty-five cents worth [of] thread. At home I would got it for about Figure 21: Union fleet running the shore 16 cent. Tobacco is very high. Strong batteries of Vicksburg. chewers use from 7 to 8 dollars worth a stated, I believe, in my last that I would month. write you another letter last Tuesday and You said in your letter to send you a would get the loan of five dollars to send receipt for Alexander Wolf. No, let that in it, but Tuesday morning I had to go out unprincipled man go, for I doubt very on picket and did not come in again till much that he has a dollar by this time, but Friday noon, so I could not write. I is living off of his father. instructed Michael Smith to state this in Today‘s paper states the capture of 38 his letter to his wife, to tell you, to put you Vicksburg, which I hope may prove true . at ease. You said in your letter I should For as long [as] the Rebs don‘t get broken not get the loan of money. Accordingly, I down at other points, our Army of the did not. I enclose you $1.50. I had hoped Potomac can‘t win a decided victory over to be able to get more together but I could them, for certainly [they] watch us like not work as I might have done, not being well. 38 Gen. Grant assaulted Vicksburg May 16th and 19th, but was repulsed both times. After a prolonged siege, it finally surrendered on July 4th. dogs. Besides, they can throw any Camp near Fitzhugh House, Virginia, reinforcements against us from other June 1st, 1863 points to check our advance. Surely they received a heavy blow in losing Jackson in Dear Wife, the late battle39. I will mention not to send me any I have been looking for a letter postage stamps for a little while for the from you before this but as yet have not sutler brought a quarter‘s worth for a man received it. In my last, I enclosed you one dollar and a half which I hope you received. I should have waited writing until this evening after mail time but I could wait no longer, for the paymaster has paid our regiment. About dinner time our company got paid off and, of course, I along with, which I always told I would. We are all paid up to the first of May. Consequently, again the first of July there is two months pay due us again. I will Figure 22: The death of Gen. Jackson at send you one hundred and twelve dollars Chancellorsville of which you will pay to William Rolls in the regiment, so I bought [some]. one dollar, and send my sister, Mary Certainly, at most the time we can‗t get Hoffman, one dollar and a half of it. I them for any money; then they come very have not seen our chaplain yet to give him handy to get one sent from home. the money, but before I close this, I shall Hoping that God in his mercy will try to see him to learn when he will start put an end to this war before long, in the for the landing were there is an express mean time, may he protect us in all our office. I suppose he will take the money trials. Accept my love and kiss my little there again. I only wish it were home Bird for [me] and tell [her] if Dada get already. well enough and has time he will try to Dear Mary, it is almost a year that make her a ring. you received no money from me which, as you know, I could not alter. And you had Your affectionate husband, to work hard for a living. You will now grant me one request. After receiving this, you will not work quite as steady as you George Cramer have. For by doing so you surely undermine your health. Of course, that Answer. money won‘t last long, but still, you might recruit(?) yourself something up, which ---  --- may prove valuable. If you don‘t do it for your and my sake, do it for the sake of our child. For you know I‘m in the army. I

39 may never return. I may be mown down At about 9:30pm on May 2, during the battle of in the storm of battle or else by disease. Chancellorsville, ―Stonewall‖ Jackson and his staff were fired upon by nervous Confederate pickets Therefore, it is well enough for you to try who mistook them for Federal cavalry. Jackson to preserve health as much as possible. was killed. But let us hope for the best. He who has preserved me so far has power to do it in Dear Wife, the future. I received ten month‗s pay, except I wrote you a few lines yesterday what I had overdrawn [since the] close [of] merely stating that I received two letters the first year which, however, only from you just before writing: the one dated amounted to a half a dollar. Therefore, I the 9th, the other the 14th of June, for I received $129.50. Five dollars I was could write not more as we had all packed indebted, which I sent you in the letter. I up ready to march, for the cannonading have no other debt, so you will see that I was not more than about 8 to 10 miles have money left this time and may distance40. But we are still here and have probably spend some of it, for I do not feel our shelter tents up again. There is no well yet, although I do my duties, which is firing heard this morning, and I concluded enough. At least it seems so to me as I to write another letter, hoping that it will was not used to it, for under Captain Kuhn reach you, of which I can‘t be certain. For I had not to do it. Give him my best since we left camp at Fitzhugh House, we respect. You may tell him that I received could receive nor send any mail. This will all my pay and that I well appreciate that if explain to you that I received your two he had a mind to do so, when I left the letters yesterday together, and also of not regiment last fall, he could have made me writing to you before this. some trouble. There has been a great many In my last letter I wrote at Fitzhugh severely punished in the Army of the House Camp I said we expected to march Potomac for absenting themselves from at any minute. Well, we took up march their regiments without leave. Friday morning, the 12th of June, and I just now learned of the chaplain march[ed] long marches that day and that he will take the money to the landing Saturday, Sunday and Sunday night, and to express it for us day after tomorrow. arrived at Manasses Junction Monday He will receive money as soon [as] the morning at two o‘clock, where we halted paymaster is through paying the regiment. and took a short sleep. We have marched I think I will write you another letter the now altogether five days and one night; day he starts from camp; that is, if I ain‘t and hard marching it was. Many a soldier out on picket. I shall close with my love marched in this march to his long rest, for to you and Mary. the heat was killing. How many which died on this march I don‘t suppose the Your affectionate husband, public will ever get to know41. Thanks be

George Cramer 40 Pleasanton‘s Federal cavalry met Stuart‘s at Aldie Gap. After a sharp contest, Stewart retreated through Middlesburg. - Locke Of course you will not delay writing after 41 Leaving Falmouth on the 12th of June, the receiving the money. Second Brigade moved via Warrenton Junction, Centreville, Herndon and Guilford Stations, to ---  --- Edward's Ferry, where it crossed the Potomac on the 25th, and continuing the march through Barnsville, Middletown and Emmittsburg, halted Camp near Guilford Station, Virginia, nd for the night, at Wolford's farm, on the June 22 , 1863 Pennsylvania State line, where the Eleventh was inspected and mustered for pay. - Banks to the Almighty, keeping me up as I did, latter excused me, he did not care who although it was a hard task. liked or who didn‘t. Otherwise, he is as I said above that we are now near kind as I could wish for. And even when I Guilford Station, which you will not find ask to be excused, it is granted to me. But on a common map unless you had a I am too independent in that myself to ask military map. I will therefore state that it every time for it, for I really believe that is about, as far as I learned, nine miles Col. Coulter takes it for granted that I have south of Leesburg. So you can see that the it as it was before. Rebels succeeded in getting shut of us at You asked me now twice how to act Fredericksburg; not fighting us back, but about Arnolds. My answer you may merely breaking across the Rappahannock almost know, for you know that I‘m and striking for Pennsylvania. So, of opposed to work and slave for nothing. I course, we had to follow. can‗t see the use to sit down and make six I said yesterday that the news vests when I could earn just as much in reached us that the rebel‘s advance making four. Or do they think they have reached Carlisle and done considerable you at their mercy because I‘m [far] from damage, of which you will inform in your home? No, work for the man who pays next. Should anything of that kind take you best, as long as he got it. And if you place, I advise to keep cool and not get have to do some times without work, you alarmed too much. For if they are Rebels, will have just as much in the end. For you they are still human beings, although they always will have some work of your own look hard some times. But long marches which you can make then without slaving and laying around on the ground will make yourself to death. a fellow look ragged some times. I said formerly that I consider it my You said in your letter you were duty to send you as much as possible. I disappointed in the picture I sent you, owe it to you. I owe it to my child. I thinking it would be mine, which I reassure you of that again. This is my suppose you would rather have; and I answer, and I hope you will act should have gotten it for you. But the men accordingly. who took them had to leave by order of the Hoping that all may come well and provost marshal the next day. The captain to hear from you soon, I remain had his taken. But I hope I may be able some time yet to get you one. I am sorry Your affectionate husband, that I can‗t gratify my daughter in her promised ring, but will renew the promise should an opportunity offer. Geo. Cramer I see you entertain some fear that Captain Noble is not kind to me, of which How is Wolf‘s family getting along? Give you are mistaken. I suppose you take [it] them my best wishes. from me saying that I have to soldier harder as I did before, which is true. But ---  --- there is cause for it, I suppose, for the duties are heavy on the regiment and the South Mountain, Maryland, July 8th, 1863 number is small. And on the other hand, I don‘t think that he is as independent in his Dear Wife, actions as Captain Kuhn, for when the I have no doubt that you live in doubt & fear, not hearing of me for some time, but you may be assured it could not be helped. And even if I could have written, the mail would probably not have reached Carlisle on account of the rebels42. When the rebels invaded the state[s] of Maryland & Pennsylvania, I suppose the people were anxiously looking for the Army of the Potomac. But for a little while I suppose they where kept in suspense, which however is expelled by this time. For they Figure 23: Gate to Evergreen Cemetary, shortly after the battle of Gettysburg. did hear of the army; yes, better news than probably the people expected. to break our lines, which the First Corps After a long, wearisome march, the held, but with no success, only to their army met with the enemy. The First Army destruction. Corps, to which our regiment belongs, had In front of our regiment they been in advance & met with the enemy on advanced in four lines deep. But our men the first of July at Gettysburg. As you fought like tigers [and] never flinched. have no doubt seen in the papers, our After we were pretty near out of corps‘ general, Gen. Reynolds, made the ammunition, we fixed bayonets and made attack immediately and unfortunately got 43 a charge, when a whole regiment of rebels killed right at the beginning of the attack . surrendered45. This scene rather affected But this misfortune did not intimidate the me when I seen them using white men, for they were determined to fight, handkerchiefs & towels for flags on their even to death, on their own soil. guns for the signal of surrender. The First Corps need not to be But I‘m too lengthy describing this ashamed of that day‘s battle. Had the scene, for you will be anxious to know Corps been supported, we would have how I got through. As you see, I have the whipped them complete on that day. But use of my arms to write and, thank God, there was only the Eleventh Corps up with all my sound limbs yet. This I‘m sure will us, so, after a desperate fight for some 46 44 relieve you of all fears and doubts . time, we fell back of the town . But not As the mail is just taken away I did our division – that is the Second – fall must close. I will write again. God bless back until we had shot all our ammunition you. away. The rebels made desperate attempts

42 Confederate forces had occupied Carlisle and a 45 A part of the brigade, including the Eleventh, large force was marching against Harrisburg. - made a sally which resulted in the capture of about Locke five hundred of the enemy, comprising three 43 Reynolds pushed forward rapidly and took Regiments of Iverson's North Carolina brigade. - position on Seminary Ridge, a half mile west of Banks Gettysburg. The Confederates attempted but failed 46 Of the 11th, Two hundred and twelve men to drive them from their position. Gen. Reynolds entered the battle this day. By the time it retired to was killed in the first attack. - Locke Cemetary Hill, only seventy-nine remained. The 44 By the end of the day, the Federal lines were regiment was transferred from the Second to the forced to fall back to a position on Cemetery Hill. - First Brigade, and Colonel Coulter placed in Locke command. - Locke Your affectionate husband, stay in the rear with the sick, but I must acknowledge that I felt indignant; the Rebels to come to our very door to spread George Cramer destruction. This is certainly not merely fighting to gain their independence – what The 3rd of July the battle was the most they pretend to do only – not merely terrific. acting on the defensive. I felt that if I positively could keep up, it is my duty to ---  --- help to punish them. And this was the feeling in our whole army, and that is what Camp between Boonsboro & Funkstown, gave victory to our arms, and only that47. Maryland, July 11th, 1863 I stated above that I took no part on the second day in the fight, but I still Dear Wife, remained in the field. But you could go nowhere that the bullets & shells didn‘t I attempt to finish what I was strike all around, for the fighting was prevented in my last. I described the battle terrific. The third day of July – the last of the 1st day fight at Gettysburg, and you day‘s fight of Gettysburg – I went in the have learned that I got through safe. But I ranks again and, O God, may I never will mention here to you that I surely had witness another battle like that; both the protection of the Almighty for many a armies determined to be victorious. The … fell as victorious ... but I was not fighting is indescribable. Yes, even its altogether ... untouched but not wounded fury was as unknown to the soldier as to which only makes me more thankful to outsiders. The wing our corps held God. A shell exploded in front of us. A seemed, just from the fire of our own piece of it struck a rock in front of me, cannons, like a furnace, beside all the glanced off and struck me in the right arm enemy‘s batteries, from all points at cross above the Elbow, merely bruising the arm fire, being poured in all its fury48. We had for it had lost it‘s power. Had it not lost no rest, day nor night. After close of its power before it struck me, there would fighting at night, we had to go out in front have no knife been required to ... my last as pickets. letter which I hope has reached you, we This day‘s fight convinced the fell back of Gettysburg, having not Rebels that they could not whip us at this sufficient force to keep up the point, for line after line was sent in on us engagement. Some more of the corps of on a charge, but mowed down by our the army came up in the evening & morning of [the] second [of] July and the battle was resumed, both armies being reinforced.

This second day of the battle, I took 47 ―In every former battle there were to be found no part in the action for I was perfectly those always ready to evade duty … But there were exhausted. For along on our weary no stragglers at Gettysburg. ‗No soldiers ever marches I had suffered a great deal of my fought better, or inflicted severer blows upon the leg again. I would not have been required enemy (Gen. Robinson).‘ ‗Not a single case of faltering came to my notice (Col. Coulter).‘ - to go in the fight on the first day of the Locke battle, for I had a pass from our surgeon to 48 The Union line formed a ―U‖, with confederate forces on all three sides. batteries & musketry, flags captured & pick up our wounded from the field & what was not killed, taken prisoner49. carrying them in our lines. During the night of the fourth the We left South Mountain yesterday. Rebels kept up a long skirmish line, but Our advance had some fighting all [the] the same time commenced retreating. On way, driving the enemy slowly since the morning of the fifth, our army yesterday. We are here [now], the enemy discovered the flight of the enemy and the in front, but today, up to this, all has been men soon scattered over the field. But, O quiet (it is about 2 o‘clock P.M.). How God, what a sight; the field was literally strong the enemy is in front, I‘m not able strewn with dead & wounded. Wounded to state, but we are prepared for an attack who were wounded too badly to drag at any moment50. themselves to the line, some of these No doubt you have heard of the unfortunate creatures had been laying capture of Vicksburg, which I hope may there for two days. It almost broke my prove true this time51. This would be the crowning of the victory the army of ours has won. Hoping and praying to God that his holy spirit may lead the nation to peace, for it is certainly the most destructive known in the history of wars. May God bless you and our child & protect me in the hour of danger. I remain

Your affectionate husband,

George Cramer

---  --- Figure 24: Dead after the battle of Gettysburg. Camp at Rappahannock Station, Virginia, heart to hear them shriek & beg for water; Saturday morning, August 8th, 1863 yes, of gold for water, while I was out on our skirmishing line. But, of course, we Dear Wife, could not assist them for they were laying on disputed ground. Last Sunday I wrote to you and hope It gives me pleasure to state that to you may have received it. I have not both side of the armies the same humanity has been shown to the wounded; as much 50 so as circumstances would allow. Yes, I Moving on July 10th, through Boonsboro' to Beaver creek, the 11th was again engaged in have seen Rebels which had been captured throwing up breast-works, where an attack was anticipated. Crossing Antietam creek at noon on the 12th, it formed in line of battle and entrenched, with the enemy in its immediate front, in strong 49 This may refer to Pickett‘s charge in which two- position well fortified. On the night of the 13th, the thirds of the advancing Confederates were killed, enemy escaped across the Potomac, and further wounded or captured, and in which eleven of pursuit was given up. thirteen battle standards were captured. - Locke 51 Vicksburg surrendered July 4th. received anything from you since the letter duties you owe to your country, there is from the 28th of July, but as I have leisure some consolation for the one who falls and just now, I thought I would write, taking also for the ones left behind. for granted it would be welcome. There is a rumor that we will be I suppose you have learned that we paid off. If so, you will get to know it had another fight last Tuesday, the 4th soon. But it will not be much, for we will inst: (?), but only our cavalry had engaged get only paid for two months. A great the enemy and, after some fighting, drove many will not get any pay, as there will be the Rebels something back, and a shower taken off from the men what they came up which ended the fight without overdrawed [for] clothing more than their much loss on either side, I suppose52. allowance. However, this will not be my We had almost [un]endurable case as I have not overdrawn. weather for the past week. Along with the The paper and envelopes you sent hardships the men had to go through, it is me come very handy at present, for I can‘t to be wondered at that there isn‘t more buy any as there is no sutlers with us yet. sickness and deaths as there is with us. I believe they are not allowed to come We lost but two to my knowledge since across the river to us. we are here at this side of the river. One You may send me a paper of we buried yesterday: John Shneitman of needles, number five, and a few seven. It the 4th Regt. Md. Vol.; the other is buried need not be a full paper. Although I could in a watery grave: namely in the not do any tailoring this good while, still I Rappahannock. He went bathing right at like to have some needles. If you send me the foot of the hill we occupy and envelopes, don‘t put any postage stamps drowned. He called out for help, but the on at present, for I have some of them yet men who where bathing at the same time myself. could not render assistance quick enough, I mentioned of two deaths in the for the current in this river is uncommonly forgoing but there was two more, I strong. The men made every effort – yes, understand. We received about 50 to 60 with the peril of there own life – to recover substitutes (for drafted men) for our the body, but in vain; it could not be found brigade; two of which died since, not ( I had been washing at the River at the accustomed to exposure of the great heat time when he drowned). He belonged to we had. No doubt those poor fellows done the 8th Regt. Md. Vol. It is certainly hard it for the sake of the money, but sold their to die away from home, as it was the case life cheaply. of the former to die, out in the field, away I seen in the papers that there will from home, by disease. But still, I think it not be fighting at present unless pressed on is equally as hard for those at home: for a us, which I hardly can give credence. But father, a mother, an affectionate wife or hope may prove true; for marching and sister; yes, more so, to hear of the death of fighting at present would kill hundreds of a beloved one. To meet with a death as men without any lead or powder. The men the latter did, it is more distressing as it is. would drop over dead from the sun. To fall in the ranks while performing the Hoping to hear from you very often, I remain

52 Around 2 p.m., a rebel battery opened fire and a strong skirmish line was advanced. After two hours Your affectionate husband, of heavy skirmishing, Federal cavalry forced the Confederates to withdraw. Although I could not tailor any for George Cramer over two months, and even now I don‗t feel like doing it, would sooner rest, but I Give my compliments to Wolf and Family. find I will have to do some of it. If we lay for a while, the men won‘t let me rest. ---  --- The same time, I ought not do it as long as I have to do common duty. But on the Rappahannock Station, Virginia, other hand, the company and regiment is August 12th, 1863 so small that I hardly can have the cheek to ask to be excused. Dear Wife, This day I did tailor, although it was almost killing, the heat on the hill we I received your letter dated Aug. 9th. occupy. I made a dollar and enclose it I had almost despaired of hearing of you. here for my little Bird. You will buy her For if I don‘t get a letter once or twice a something useful; and when you receive week, I think everything is wrong or your money, give her then what you perhaps you neglect to write. bought and tell her I sent it to her. But she I restate here to you that I did not must be a good girl and mustn‘t tell mama, receive the letter nor paper in which is ―I won‘t do it‖, or else Dada will not work stated of the Rebel proceedings while and send her any more. Yes, Mary, I do occupying the town. I should have liked request you to try to break her of that. to had them. Leave nothing untried – good or harsh In my last, I stated that it was means. What I mentioned here about reported that we would get paid off, which spending the enclosed money for Mary; I‘m glad to say proved true, for last that of course is conditional. If you need it Sunday the paymaster made its appearance for a more needful purpose, you will, of and shelled down the greenbacks to the course, use it; for if you do, I‘m sure it boys. I placed twenty-five dollars in our will be well applied. chaplain‘s hands yesterday for you, but he I was surprised to find a letter from has not started off yet and I did not ask John Eckert and am glad to learn you have when he would. But it is sure that he will answered it. I shall also write to him. No be allowed a pass to go on with the money doubt he longs to see us all by this time, as to have it forwarded to the respective much so as we would like to see him. For families ere long, so you may look at the I know that he always felt at home among express office for it before long. If I‘m us. able to write when he starts off, I shall do It is after tattoo. I shall bid you a so. good night and wish you pleasant dreams. I asked you in my last for paper and Envelopes. You need not send any more Your affectionate husband, postage stamps, for our sutler has come up and I have for the present. If Sergeant James Noble is at George Cramer Carlisle yet, you might send me with him a pair of Scissors for about 37 cents and a Write often. Don‘t wait twelve days again tape measure. That is, [if] he will be kind before you write. You may believe that I enough to bring it, and I‘m sure he will. don‘t put if off that long if opportunity is offered to me. For see, letters twelve days God knows it would be hard in this heat to apart, and in case one is miscarried it have an engagement. makes a long time before you receive one. I was sorry to learn that your self as Remember that. well as Maney ain‘t as well as I should like to hear. Hoping that you have fully ---  --- recovered and to hear of you very often, I remain Rappahannock Station, Virginia, August 14th, 1863 Your affectionate husband,

Dear Wife, George Cramer According to my last, dated August 12th, stating that as soon as our chaplain P.S. You may send me two skein of heavy would start from here I would write; he sewing silk & some black thread with Sgt. has left this morning and is now on his James Noble along with the other things I way home, and I suppose he will express requested you to send. the money at Washington or Harrisburg, so you may expect to get it before long. I G. C. gave him, as I stated in my last, twenty- five dollars for you. I also enclosed in the ---  --- letter one dollar. The letter informed you how to apply it, provided you don‘t find to Rappahannock Station, Virginia, use it for some more necessary purpose. August 20th, 1863 Of course, you will consider yourself [free] to do so. I often had intended to tell Dear Wife, you to feel yourself at liberty to act as ―Mistress‖ of all your household affairs Before mentioning anything else, I and not be overawed by persons you had will state that I received your kind letter to obey once. Of course, you will not with a list of the draft enclosed yesterday understand me that I ask you should not evening and certainly feel sorry for most have all due regard for them, but still, a of the men and their families, that they are wife ought to be looked upon in her house compelled to come to the field of strife. as the mistress of it. But, certainly, there is no other alternative You will not neglect to inform me of for the government now but to use that the receipt of the money as soon as you get way of increasing, reinforcing the army. it. Also, whether you got the letter with On the other hand, there appears some the dollar enclosed. names on the list which do me good to We are still laying here on our hill find that they are drawn, and there is still a while some of the other troops are laying great many more whom I should like to opposite the river. Among the latter is the see compelled to come out to learn the Reserve Corps. Adam Berg was over here horror of war. I‘m alluding [to] what I call yesterday. He looks very well. There is ―war advocates:‖ those sneaking and no fighting going on at present, the two speculating rascals who calculate to enrich armies merely watching each other, and themselves at the expense of other‘s lives but who are unwilling to come out themselves to fight for the country, the remembered by our men when opportunity government, and the constitution. They offers. It certainly was enough to scare cry ―Stop, thief!‖ but as soon as you have peaceable citizens to the utmost, although started in pursuit of the thief, they hang it is rather amusing to read the statement back and steal themselves. But I shall not in that paper describing how the streets waste much paper on that subject. were racked with grape & canister without Yesterday evening I also received loss of life. But, of course, it was strange that long-coming ―Carlisle American.‖ It music. But I must tell you that we had got into the Reserve Corps, hence the punished the Rebels delay. It is amusing to read the accounts for their audacity, of the proceedings of the Rebels while and that pretty well, occupying Carlisle and vicinity, and the at Gettysburg. We fright of its inhabitants53. Although I must sent them some confess that I‘m sorry for their fright it grape & canister occasioned, and also feel indignant at the into their ranks – dastardly conduct of Fitzhue Lee, and do but I tell you, not hope his conduct will be kindly without loss of life. And if occasion takes place again, 53 General Richard Ewell's forces reached the Figure 25: General the Army of the outskirts of town on 27 June. In all, some 12,000 Fitzhugh Lee Confederate troops occupied the town and its Potomac will environs. Almost at once, they began placing remember the demands on the townspeople for provisions. On the Pennsylvania affair again. Take my word afternoon of 28 June, the 32nd North Carolina for it. Regiment raised a Confederate flag over the Carlisle Barracks, making it the northern-most Dear Mary, no doubt you were military installation captured by the rebels. General thinking of me yesterday, for I know you Robert E Lee ordered Ewell and his men to march never missed my birthday. This year it did toward Gettysburg the next day, as Lee attempted not pass me unnoticed neither, and should to consolidate his far-flung army. General W. F. have written to you yesterday. But as I Smith's Union troops arrived the next day. They learned on 1 July that Confederate cavalry forces wanted to send you something, and under the command of General JEB Stuart were knowing that you desire a likeness of approaching the town to re-supply his troops. This mine, I delay it for one day and have it time the Union soldiers didn't retreat. As General taken, for yesterday I had no time to attend FitzHugh Lee's rebel forces approached the town, to it. So you will take it as a birthday they came under fire from Union troops. The Confederates fired several cannonballs down High present. I should have sent it sooner to Street into the town square. Lee then sent a you, but since we left Fitzhue House deputation into the town seeking its surrender or Camp, when you requested me to have it the withdrawal of its women and children. Smith taken, I had no opportunity to do so until responded that the women and children would now. leave. The bombardment of the town by the Confederates then resumed. Estimates place the Hoping that you have by this time number of shots fired into the town at 135. Several received your money and also that you homes were damaged, a few soldiers were may receive this in safety, I close with my wounded and one horse was killed. The columns love. outside the Old Courthouse on the town square still bear the scars from this Rebel shelling. Lee sent two more demands for the town's surrender before Your affectionate husband, he set fire to a lumberyard and most of the Carlisle Barracks. He then withdrew his forces at midnight. Bearer, who had command during Col. George Cramer Coulter‘s absence, had excused me from it, for he (I believe) found that I wouldn‘t Did you buy my Birdy the shoes you work unless I would be excused. spoke of? Consequently, I have done some tailoring for them, but it goes hard. ---  --- In one of your former letters, you asked my advice once respecting Arnolds, Rappahannock Station, Virginia, whether you should quit working for them, August 24th, 1863 which I answered you candidly. But you never informed me how you proceeded in Dear Wife, the case. I enclose you another dollar in this, Yours of the 20th inst. came to hand for you said in the letter preceding the last quite speedy, for I received it yesterday, Maney stand in need of shoes. But I see in the 20th. I was glad to learn that you your last that you got a Lack(?) for her received the money as also the dollar which satisfy me that she needed it too. which I sent in a letter for Maney, and Therefore, take this dollar and buy shoes. have no doubt that she will be quite proud [With] the additional quarter you will send when she gets to wear the Lack(?) her me postage stamps in your next. Also, let soldier dada sent her. We have received a me know whether you received my good many of drafted men to our corps but likeness. none as yet for our regiment. But poor Do not think that I‘m mispleased fellows, a good many of them have taken about appropriating the dollar I had sent sick already, not [being] used to the for Maney in the way you did. I sent this climate, for the weather still continues dollar because I think I don‘t need it, and I very warm54. It even goes hard with the don‘t want any more than necessary. old troops. As for myself, I stand it as The weather here is too hot to do well as any of them; only the swelling I anything, even too hot to write. I therefore had last winter makes its appearance shall close with the hope to [hear] from again. But so far I have suffered no pain you soon. from it. You said in your letter, very kindly, Your affectionate husband, I should not work any in this warm weather, but still you tell me that you have a great deal of work this summer and I George Cramer suppose it is hot at home too. So I might just as well work some too; that is, when I ---  --- have not to be on duty. Drilling, I have done none since we are here. Captain Rappahannock Station, Virginia, th August 28 , 1863 54 The mortality among the conscripts, even of the better class, was fearfully great. Coming to the Dear Wife, front in the heat of July and August, and taking their places by the side of men who had been rd inured to the service, they broke down on the Your letter of the 23 inst. I duly march, or yielded to the first attack of diseases received and am glad to learn that you incident to camp life. - Locke have received my letter containing my believe that before that is accomplished likeness. You seem to think that I look many a one will fall yet. But one good stout and healthy. I surely can‘t complain thing there is: we are mostly in a good respecting my health, no more than I spirit although tired of the war. Of course, mentioned in my last letter, which, here I‘m speaking of us old troops. I will however, don‘t affect my appetite. I don‘t not speak of the conscripts. I know [I] know that I‘m any stouter as usual. I should feel most mighty bad if I had been always took full in the face on a likeness, forced out. So I‘m very glad that I came unless taken in side view. when I did. I have written you a letter since I Hoping this may find you all well, sent you the likeness containing $1.25. and praying that God may watch over us Hoping you have received it, my letter all, I remain states how to appropriate it, provided it is not needed for other purposes. Your affectionate husband, You wish to know whether I received your letter with paper and needles, which I have mentioned that I George Cramer received it in one of my former letters. At the heading of this you will see ---  --- that we have not moved yet. Everything seems quiet at the present, indicating a Rappahannock Station, Virginia, disposition of both parties to enjoy the August 30th, 1863 rest. I only hope it may continue this way during hot weather, for we have fixed up Dear Wife, our camp in truly magnificent style; that is, considering the materials we have at We are still laying quiet in our our command. We have it by companies pleasant camp close to the Rappahannock laid out in streets and arched over with River, enjoying ourself as well as we can spruce, giving us a nice shelter from the afford. And surly we can‘t help but be sun. It would be perplexing if we had to thankful to the Almighty for our leave it before getting a good rest under it preservation when we look back over what which, however, has been our case in a transpired within one year, and then cast good many instances. our eyes over our ranks and miss the many In my last, I forgot to mention the companions who were with us then. But return of our colonel. At least, I think I now some of them are no more; others did. He came the same day I wrote the returned home crippled or are suffering yet letter. Somehow he got the advantage of in hospitals from wounds received in me this time about getting home. For last battle. Yes, this very day a year ago it was winter we were both home, only that he that our regiment was in that fearful battle only got home after Fredericksburg Battle, at Bull Run, at the severest point where the and then returned to the regiment one day battle raged the hardest. And only two before me. So he shan‘t go home any days previous we had the battle at before I get home first. But the best would Thoroughfare Gap. Those two day‗s be if all of us could return to our friends to engagements alone we sustained a loss of stay, which, however, is about more than over three hundred in killed and wounded. could be reasonably expected. For I truly And since those Engagements we had all the other battles, one more destructive than sentenced to be shot on the 28th of Sept. the other. So as I have said, those who Their lives is only left in President survived ought surely be thankful to God. Lincoln‘s hands. Only by his clemency Yesterday we had quite a stirring can they be saved; which, however, is a time through the camps, for yesterday doubtful case. afternoon five unfortunate men got shot I must close or I will not get the for desertion55. They belonged to the Fifth letter mailed anymore, so accept my love. Army Corps, which is encamped next to our corps. I did not want to witness the Your affectionate husband, death of those unfortunate beings. I did not go. I therefore will not describe the fall of those men, but shall leave that to George Cramer the press. While I am writing, I received your Send me two skein of silk. letter of the 27th. I am pleased that I sent you the dollar for Maney, for I can see that ---  --- it didn‘t come amiss. And I can get along without it, for I would get very little for it; Camp Rappahannock Station, Virginia, everything is enormous high priced. I Sept. 8th, 1863 bought a cashmere shirt. It cost $3.50, but it is good. Your letter also contained the Dear Wife, postage stamps. I have to chronicle another sad Your letter of the 1st Sept., with its occurrence before I close. While writing, pleasing content, I received last Saturday we had call for dress parade (which is evening. Also the letter (and silk) of the daily in the evening). Orders where read 3rd I got Sunday evening, but as I was on off to us, the proceeding of a court martial, guard, I could not answer them well before which was had in the second, finding three this. more men guilty of desertion before the You may believe it was pleasing to enemy: two belonging to the 20th Mass. find your likeness in it. It came quite Vol.; one to Andrew‘s Sharpshooters. The unlooked for. The last couple of times I proceedings of the court martial has been wrote, I had a notion to ask you for it. I approved by Gen. Mead. They are think they are very good. Mr. Lochman need not be ashamed to send them abroad.

55 Throughout the month of August the army The one in standing position has the best remained in undisturbed quiet, receiving daily picture of Maney. The one sitting yours is accessions to its numbers from the draft that had best to my notion. But on the whole, they been made in the several Northern States. Some of are first rate pictures. I only wish I could the drafted men were good and reliable soldiers; have sent you mine in photograph. As I but the vast majority that first reached the army were hired substitutes, adding nothing whatever to said above, I‘m highly delighted with its material strength. They deserted every day by them. scores, before they had time to learn the number of To cast my eyes on them, it still the regiment to which they were assigned, or even brings sad thoughts; whether it will be the letter of the company. The division guard- granted to me ever to return home to those house became an indispensable institution, often containing at one time a hundred prisoners. Courts- dear ones or whether that bright looking martial were in perpetual sessions, and the shooting girl may not soon be fatherless, and that of deserters an ordinary affair. - Locke affectionate mother become a widow, and you had received last is a puzzle to you. will have the burden all herself to provide This however needs no other explanation for that child. This certainly can‘t help to than the paper I referred you to, and no create sad feelings, and which was the doubt, by this time you have perused the case last Sunday in the stillness of the article of said paper, so I think it needs no night while walking my beat while on further explanation. And if there is post. And indeed, man would be a poor, anything else in the letter to which said despairing being had he not a Being in article does not apply, you will treat [it] to whom he could trust his destination. what it is worth in your opinion. Indeed a man must be a poor soldier who I see in your letter of the has not the conviction that there is a engagement of my sister Dora, and also Almighty who rules all things, who can the mode in which she would like to get in lead us safe through all danger. In him I possession of the property now in will trust that he may preserve me to go possession of my mother. I‘m sorry to back to those dear ones, and that he may find my mother too trusting and willing to keep them in good health so that the make herself dependent on a stranger: a burden may not bear to heavy on you to son-in-law. Had she my views, she would raise our little one. not trust to whims of anyone. And, as you I was quite shocked to read of the state that neither Mrs. Shnorr nor Mary death of Mrs. Myers, and certainly Hoffman wants anything of the property, sympathize with Mr. Myers. For I believe nor myself, she could live without he has couple of children. It is a hard depending on support of other person. If I thing for a man to take care of little would feel like writing, I certainly should children. There is nothing like a mother‘s advise her to hold the property and, should care to the child. that son-in-law treat her right, he could I shall close with my love, for I have live on the property with [her]; if not, to do some work. why, he could live somewhere else and I would still have a home for my two other Your affectionate husband, unmarried daughters. But at present I don‘t feel like writing; not while I‘m in the army. I shall write to Jack Hoffmann and George Cramer let them know what to advise mother. The man spoken of in your letter is ---  --- unknown to me. Your next inquiry respecting sending pictures to Germany; Camp near Rappahannock Station, they would undoubtedly be pleased to get Virginia, Sept. 12th, 1863 them. But as for me writing; as I said before, I feel delicate about it. For should Dear Wife, I do so, I would not like to withhold from them that I‘m in the field, for it only Your letter of containing the sewing would cause my mother trouble. silk I have received and shall answer your About sending a picture and letter inquiries briefly, for I have but little time to Mrs. Shnerr, you must act as you feel this day as we have general inspection inclined. I have nothing to advise. You which keeps us busy to clean up our tents. always had privilege to act towards them You say that the latter part of my letter as you see proper. It seems that you are Figure 26: The Execution of a Civil War Deserter. not pleased with Mrs. Shnerr for not Your affectionate husband, answering you. I can‘t help that. I have told you that she neither reads nor writes English. But whether that will be in her George Cramer favor or not you must determine. The three men I spoke of in my ---  --- previous letter sentenced to be shot, I thought I had stated belonged to the Camp near Rappahannock Station, Second Corps, not ours. This week we Virginia, Sunday, noon, Sept. 13th, 1863 had a setting of a court martial in our, the Second Division. They tried two men of Dear Wife, our regiment for desertion; the one was acquitted, the second found guilty but not According to promise in the letter I sentenced to be shot. His sentence is to mailed you yesterday, I have expressed loose all pay due, and which may become you thirty-five dollars by Adam Express due him, by the United States, return to which you will receive at the usual place. duty and serve out the time of enlistment, When I wrote yesterday, I was not aware as well as the time he lost while absent. of the express office being established at No doubt their cases could have ended in a Bealton Station, which is about 3 1/2 mile more severe way. I expect our colonel distant from our camp. When we found it used his influence in their favor. out, Michael Smyth got a pass from the Since I commenced writing, the pay colonel and walked up to the said station master came up and [I] have at present the and expressed his, mine and John Smith‘s $26 in my pocket. But I‘m really at a loss (Son of Dr. Smith) money. So you will be how to send it to you, for our chaplain has the first ones getting the money. You see not come back yet. When he went away that I sent you more money than two with our money last pay day, he obtained a months pay. However, you may take it for furlough to go home. I shall send it to you granted the money was honestly gotten; I the first opportunity offers. If not, I shall worked for it. I know you will be glad to send it in parts in letters. learn that I‘m excused of duty again when I‘m compelled to close, as you see. I have work on hand. I got one day out of You will accept my love. humor when the Col. ask me to fix his pants, to which I replied rather short I should like to have time given to me to do the work, in which he understood perfectly Your affectionate husband, what I meant by. Since that, I‘m off of duty. This, however, may not last long, George Cramer for as I‘m writing the roar of cannons is filling the air. Some of our troops crossed Don‘t put yourself in any unnecessary the river, advancing and fighting since trouble respecting the fighting going on, morning. To what extent, I do not know, for I really don‘t think there is a general not more than we can hear. We may be Engagement contemplated. ordered up any minute. But to my opinion, I do not think it will come to a G. C. general engagement. Should you get this letter before Mrs. Smyth will get one, you Write soon & kiss Maney often for her can tell her about the money coming. Dada. You need not send me any paper at Dear Mary, I hope you will not take present. I have a supply on hand. The it that I want to dictate how you should twenty-five cent check is for my Bird, of appropriate the money if I make a which you can dispose of to your opinion. suggestion here: say, take twenty-five dollars for the general use; the balance of ---  --- ten dollars (should you not find necessary for other purposes), if you will be able to, Camp near Culpepper, Virginia, keep. I shall try (provided we don‗t move) Sept. 18th, 1863 to work to send you some more to it, and you might get yourself a stove, which I Dear Wife, know you stand in need of it. Of course, you will wait buying until I sent you some Your letter of the thirteenth just more. came to hand, and I reply without delay, I forgot to mention in my last letter for you will see at the heading that we that your pictures are as well taken as they have left our camp and [are] moving can [be]; there is nothing wanting. This, towards [the] front. This move came however, I have mentioned in the letter I sooner than I anticipated as [you] will wrote before the last, and hope you have seen in my last letter which I wrote received it. you last Sunday. Whether it is really You will let me know the Address intended to move on to a general of Mr. Shnerr, if you can – Street & No. of engagement I can, of course, not tell. It house. You wish to know about John looks, from present indications, very much Eckert. I have not received an answer from like it56. I enjoin upon you to take no him and doubted [I would] when I wrote him, for the direction was not very 56 Without waiting for instructions from distinct. He may not have received our Washington, General Meade abandoned the line of letters. the Rappahannock and advanced to the Rapidan, Hoping that you may receive this intending to reengage the enemy. Meanwhile, the and the money speedy, and inform me of it disaster of Chickamauga occurred, and the Potomac Army was further weakened by the when in receipt, I close. My love to you & departure of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps to child. Tennessee. With the army thus reduced, the attack on the enemy‘s flank was abandoned, and General unnecessary troubles. And even should ---  --- you not hear of me quite regular, for it might come that we won‘t have a chance Camp near Culpepper, Virginia, to write, you know it has been the case Sept. 21st, 1863 before. I promise you, however, to write to you as often as possible. Dear Wife, Enclosed in your letter I found the likeness of Maney. It is certainly the very Yesterday evening I received your image of her. She is considered quite a letter of the 17th and am well pleased that hero, standing up as she does, by the Boys. it is written with candor. For too well You spoke in your former letter of sending could I see in your previous letter that you yours and hers both separate, and I were displeased about my telling you I expected when I found the one, I would should write to Jacob Hoffman in regard to also find the other. But as it is now that my mother, that there existed a mistrust in we are on the move, you will not send it your mind although I had said in the letter for the present, for the first pictures you I sent you about the same as I wrote to sent are indeed very good. Hoffman on the subject57. If I remember I stated that I wrote you a letter on rightly, all that I said more in his was, if last Sunday. The same day I expressed my mother should give up her property, you thirty-five dollars through Michael she should at least reserve to herself a Smith, who walked to Bealton Station room, kitchen & back room to be able to where there is an express office offer her two yet-unmarried daughters a established. I hope you have received home if necessary, and I am sure that both letter and money. You will not won‘t displease you. And perhaps that neglect to let me know about it, if not done would have been in your letter too, but you so already. know I always write pretty lengthy letters Respecting the inquiries you made to you, that the sheets of paper sometimes about my mother & sister, you will find in get almost too small. As for me being my former letter. Should I find angry about it with you, is scarcely worth opportunity, I shall do as I stated and write while. It wouldn't pay either of us; rather, Jacob Hoffmann. it would be folly. I shall close for this time with my You seem to be glad that I got love to you both, for we might have to get excused of duty. But I am sorry that you up and dust off any moment. Hoping all had to learn before this that it was of short may go well, I remain duration. For as soon we get on the move, that is done away with. Your affectionate husband, This will be the fourth night that we lay at this camp. I commenced to work this morning again, but am afeared that I George Cramer can‘t finish while we lay about here, for I really think we will have to get up and Give my respects to all inquiring. dust again. And, although we have been

57 Literally, ―For too well could I see in your Meade occupied the line of the Rapidan, as he had previous one, for me telling you I should write to before occupied the line of the Rappahannock. - Jacob Hofman, in regard to my mother, that were Locke displeased about, that there existed a mistrust ….‖ all along in front, we will have the honor of our old place [at] the front again. Such Camp near Culpepper, Virginia, is our luck. But I am sure we wouldn‘t Sept. 24th, 1863 contend for the honor, nor would the Rebels complain very much, for they Dear Wife, know the First Corps [fights] bravely. While I‘m writing, the order came in Your letter of the 20th was received for six day‘s ration, which means a yesterday evening, and it certainly made contemplated march or fight. If anything, me feel glad (as they always do) to learn it means the latter at the present, for we you received the money; for should any of can‘t march very far ahead without fight, it be lost, I could not well replace it. and it is not likely that we march very far However, in this case it would have been backward, so we must trust to good luck. alright, except in case of capture by the In your letter, you hoped that I have enemy or loss by fire, for which the not robbed myself. When I sent it, of company is not responsible. I suppose you course I calculated to make what I need; will be pleased to learn that we have not yes, more, so that [I] could have sent you advanced since my last, from which you some more so it would have been enough see that I have been in no danger. And for a stove. This, however, got spoiled. from present indication, it would seem as As for myself, I do not want to carry much if we were to remain. But of course, that money on the move or fight. It seems very may be different in an hour from this, for strange that you had not the money when such is life in the field. you wrote, for Mrs. Smyth had her money I‘m sorry to chronicle of the on the 16th already; for she wrote a letter execution of three unfortunate men who to him that day that she had received the were convicted of desertion, all of whom money. Should you not have the money belong to our, the First Corps; yes, one to after receiving this, let me know right my brigade. He is a German who has only away and I will send you the receipt of the been six months in the country and came money. out as a substitute. He belongs to the 90th Kiss Maney for her Dada and tell Pa. Regiment. Some entertain the hope of her the Boys call her very pretty, provided him getting reprieved but it is doubtful, she is good too. Don‘t be fretting for us being he is a substitute. He should expecting to get in a fight, but think that certainly not have deserted. God has my life and fate in his hand, out You request me again to write to of battle as well as in, and has the power to Mother, but I can not make up my mind to take it when he sees fit. We must trust and do so at present. I hope the time may not believe he will do everything for the best. be far distant that my situation may [be] Under this belief I close with an different. affectionate good night. Sept. 28th Your sincere husband, You will see that I was interrupted finishing my letter. As I remarked, it may change in an hour‘s time. It did not last George Cramer that long, for the bugle called to pack up and march immediately; and in less than ---  --- fifteen minutes, our column moved forward towards the Rapidan. We stopped George Cramer & our corps encamped about two miles from the river. Our brigade, however, had Don‗t forget to kiss that bright-eyed girl of not the fortune to rest there – as usual, mine (for her Dada, of course). when there is anything to be done. We had to go on to the river on picket, where The execution of those men who deserted we remained 48 hours58. During that time, has been put off on account [of] the move. it was my lot to be on outpost. Our posts I believe it was postponed for a week. I & the Rebel‘s post could speak together, only wish they would be punished in some for we were on the one side of the river other way. Although a man can‗t bank & the Rebels on the other. During complain of the penalty if he really those 48 hours we got along quite deserts, for he knows that is the peaceable together. We walked along consequence when caught. quite unconcerned on the river banks respectively, spoke & exchanged ---  --- newspapers occasionally. This morning, however, the picket commenced firing on Camp near Rapidan, Virginia, each other. Oct. 1st, 1863 But don‘t understand here that I‘m out on the line yet, for we got relieved on Dear Wife, Saturday evening. This firing, of course, put our camp all in a stir, and we are all Your letter of the 24th I received ready for any emergency. But let not that only last night owing [to] me not being in alarm you, for I still think it will all pass camp, for we had to go on picket again last over quiet. But still, I thought I would Monday afternoon & did not return till last hasten to finish this letter in case we night. Although I had been released of should have to go in to fight. It would last duty before we left camp at Rappahannock be too long that you would hear of me. Station, it seems that I still have to do it. I Be assured I will write when think the fault of this lays in my company. opportunity affords. And don‘t you be But I don‘t want to gratify anybody to ask stingy about writing, for a letter from or say any more about [it]. Something will home is a welcome visitor. Yes, if friends turn up again that I can tell them of it & relations would know how it gladdens without asking it [as] a favor. For the desolated heart of the weary soldier, although I‘m anxious to make some they would write much oftener. I [do] not money in order that I need not use any say this in complaint of you neglecting to from what I draw, I certainly shall refuse write; I‘m speaking of it as a general thing. to make a stitch for any of the officers. I will have to close. Should I have They then know it, what it is done for. left anything unanswered, you will let me I wrote you a letter last Monday know in your next. Trusting in him who before starting out on picket in which I cares for all creation, I remain stated to you our situation. Matters has not changed any since the pickets preserve Your affectionate husband, the same inoffensive way as they did when we first got on the line. A person not accustomed in warfare would think it impossible that men of two hostile armies 58 The 11th was posted at Racoon Ford. - Locke could remain in such close proximity which they think we have a claim to unless without a collision. But this quietness, of they are convinced by the requisite course, may at any moment be broken and authority to do so. I thought Shnoerr at the offensive & defensive assumed59. least knows that much. I suppose you will be satisfied that I I said in the forgoing you may read did not write anything to Jacob Hoffman this part of the letter to Jac if you feel which I want to secret from you; for I see inclined to do so. I think still it would be in your letter that he read his letter to you, best to leave it rest for the present, at least of which I‘m really glad. For I know you until I get home, if I shall be that lucky, or found that it contained just about the same am no more. This would leave the as I had written to you on the subject. So property in Mother‘s hand, and the same in future you must not be quite so jealous, time would not be a direct refusal to their but have a little more confidence that I request, and the same time would not stop would not secret anything from you unless the marriage. And should it do the latter, I should find cause in my judgment that I our sister Dora only could be thankful to should do so. In that case, I surly would us for it, for that case would only prove do so for the better of you. that he was more [interested] in getting I‘m pleased with you refusing to go possession of the property in order to settle to a squire to sign away what seems to down than of [getting] her. For it is hard belong to your husband. Not that I would in Germany to settle in a place unless you have cared anymore than that you would are in possession of property, especially a have made yourself ridiculous; for you stranger to a place. And he certainly is, could not do that, to sign away for me, and for he, yes, even the name, is unknown to I‘m surprised that Jacob didn‘t know me. Let Jackob be in no haste about this better. He has not seen fit as to answer me business. If Shnoerrs think otherwise, let my letter, so I don‘t think it worthwhile to them act for themselves and it will be give him the proper advice direct in a useless. I for my part will do nothing for letter to him. But I will state it to you, if the present. If the man in question is a you see fit to tell him. There is no use of man, he will not draw back on account of having it signed merely at a squire‘s us. And should he, all the better as I said office. To do business of that kind, it before. I think further, although I never requires to be made out by a lawyer (a want a cent, and also as truly believe that squire would do if he has knowledge to neither Mary or Shnoerrs wants a cent, it is make it out properly, legally, and then it but due to our mother & two younger has to be attested to and the state seal of sisters remaining single, to put them a the notary public attached thereto). little on guard. They have no husband, no Without it the authorities in Germany will father to judge & advise them anymore. not acknowledge any writing even if it Mother is getting old and no doubt tired of were ever so correct. The authorities out care, and also willing to relinquish all, all there, they act in our absence as guardian she ever toiled for, in favor of the benefit for us, and will not relinquish anything to of her child, with but too trusting a heart. But still it would be hard if it would 59 ―The Rapidan in front is so narrow, that the happen that she would be treated harshly pickets of the two armies approach within a few after giving all up. yards of each other. With rare exceptions the utmost good feeling prevails, and a regular This much writing would make a exchange of newspapers, coffee, sugar and tobacco person believe the property in question is a is kept up.‖ - Locke great thing. I will state here, to the information of Jacob & yourself, nearly as much as I know about the state of affair[s], for both you & him have a right to know. The property is worth, above indebtedness, about (1,500) fifteen hundred guilders at least. For when I was in Germany yet, Father was offered seventeen hundred above mortgage resting on the property. So I think to give all that away would be worth while waiting a little while for it. And both Shnoerrs & Mary may lay the blame to me, being that I‘m in the army and cannot attend to the matter. This would be a very true & good excuse. I have written until I‘m tired, for the accommodation to write in the field is rather poor, for my knees serve me as writing desk. I only shall say to be hopeful and time will pass away and the you received no reply of it up to this. It hour arrive when husband & wife can contains several questions which, no meet in embrace and an anxious, loving doubt, you like to have answered. First, father behold his dear child. Yes, may he you say that you don‘t think that I would always find happiness in that circle after reenlist again for the sake of the Bounty long, long three years hardship & danger they are offering to veteran troops. Its true of war. This God may grant. But should they offer four hundred and two Dollars to He will it otherwise in his wisdom, let us us; yes, and more than that. They will accept it then in the assurance that he does discharge me, or any of the three year all things for the best. men, who have served two years they are discharged from their first three-year I remain enlistment if they reenlist60. But do you think this should induce me? I did not Your affectionate husband, enlist at first for the sake of bounty, and am glad that I did do so, for no one can cast up to me (if I shall survive the war) George Cramer that I sneaked & sulked about to escape the service which every citizen owes to his ---  --- country in time of need. Yes, especially foreigner[s] should be more particular in Camp near Rapidan, Virginia, that respect than any one else. They should th Oct. 7 , 1863 prove themselves worthy of their adoption. If not, they are not worthy [of] the benefit Dear Wife,

60 th Literally, ―The will discharge me or any of the Your Letter of the 27 of Sept. only three year man who have served two yours theyr came to hand last Monday; consequently discharge from theyre first three year enlistment if the reinlist.‖ [of] the protection of the government. I‘m Camp at Kelly‘s Ford on Rappahannock, sorry to learn that there is too many of Virginia, Oct. 12th, 1863 them of that class in Carlisle. You mention also in your letter Dear Wife, about my request getting a Stove. I would like for you to get a stove, and a good one, By the above heading you will see if circumstances will permit of you getting that we are on the move again, if not one. For I know the one you use at present already informed through the newspapers. is both bad & expensive, for there has We commenced moving from our camp been [enough] coal wasted in it to buy half last Saturday night toward the left along a stove. I shall try to make up something the Rapidan, to [be] in supporting distance yet toward it if I possibly get the chance, to some of our cavalry force61 who had which I hope I may. For the present, I crossed the said river to feel [out] the have not. Of course you will always bear enemy. We laid there till after dark on in mind that I don‘t want you to deprive Sunday, when we commenced to move yourself of the necessaries of life before back toward the Rappahannock. We buying any thing else. arrived here at the side of the James Warden & I don‘t bunk Rappahannock yesterday evening all safe, together, and I never said anything about our cavalry covering our movement. What the matter you refer to, nor has he to me. I amount of fighting the cavalry had with also received your Letter of Oct. the 1st; the enemy on our retreat I‘m not able to the same with the first mentioned. I state, although they fought the pursuing should have answered you yesterday, but enemy in close proximity to us. The firing I‘m sorry to say that I was compelled to go was brisk. to the doctor. I was too sick to write, but You will not understand that this today I‘m better again. We are still laying movement was in case of necessity, for we here, everything quiet, with the exception were not driven back. The reason for our of having shifted our camp three times withdrawal is certainly only known to our within eight days; but only for short general and the war department. What distances. will follow next is unknown to us, but it is I entertain a hope that we may not not at the end yet, this movement, for we get into an engagement any more this fall. have but stopped temporarily. We have But of course, in that I may be everything ready to start further; which disappointed. way, time will explain to us. Hoping for the best, I remain I write you this in haste, fearing you may learn or have learned through the Your affectionate husband, papers of the movement and live in fear and doubt. I rather expect we move this night yet. Don‘t live in fear, but keep on George Cramer hoping. I will have to close so I get it Kiss who? My little Bird! mailed yet, for it will leave immediately. You will hear of me the first opportunity I ---  --- shall get. Accept my love and remember to please the little Birdy for her Dada.

61 Buford‘s cavalry miles, for sometimes we have to take Your affectionate husband, roads out of the way in order to give the direct Road to our wagon trains, which has been the case in this, our retrograde move. George Cramer At the last-mentioned Station we laid over night. At dawn of day we took I have written a letter to you and Maney up march again and came as far as before we commenced moving and hope Centerville. Here we stopped for about an you‘re in possession of them by this time. hour, when our division got orders to march out again towards the Bull Run G. C. battlefield to hold our right flank. No doubt you have learned before This is written in great haste. this that there has been some fighting and are anxious to know whether we had been ---  --- engaged. The most fighting was done by our cavalry who covered our move from Camp near Bull Run, Oct. 17th, 1863 the Rapidan up to last Wednesday63. Thursday, when the enemy came up with Dear Wife, the Second Corps of our army when a pretty severe fight ensued. From what I According to promise in my last can learn, the Third and Fifth Corps also letter which I wrote at Kelley‘s Ford, I got engaged in it. The enemy got endeavor to forward this to you. Whether repulsed64. I can or not I don‘t know as yet, but still All has been quiet today. Our corps thought when writing I can send it any was lucky enough to escape fight this time. time, being moved on the Flank. In my last I mentioned that I thought Nevertheless, should it have happened to we would take up march yet the same day, throw us again [at] the enemy, our corps in which I was correct; for at twelve would have not lost any of its reputation. o‘clock that night we took up march again And as far as the Rebels are concerned and marched from said ford to Bristow about us, they are just as satisfied not to Station62. I suppose, the way we marched, get pitched against us. They rather think we made from twenty-five to twenty-eight we are the ugly fighting boys, for up to this day they can‘t conceive yet how our

62 ―Monday midnight the division left Kelly‘s Ford corps, at the fight at Gettysburg on the first for Warrenton Junction. All manner of rumors day, could do all the harm to their Army. were in circulation as to the doings of the rebels. Some had it that they were moving in large force 63 ―Word came in from Gregg that his cavalry was far up to our right; others again, that they were attacked by an overpowering force of the enemy, coming down from Warrenton. The latter report and driven from their defenses with great loss. He seemed the more probable; because from the ford was then within five miles of Warrenton Junction, to the Junction was all the way at a run, and with hard pressed by Ewell, with whome he had been scarcely a halt. Robinson‘s Division was the first to contending since eleven o‘clock a. m.‖ - Locke reach the threatened point, and without a moment‘s 64 Heath‘s [Rebel] Division came up with the rear delay artillery and infantry were formed in line of of the Federal army at Bristow, and following close battle. … Waiting in line of battle for two hours, after it to Kettle Run, the skirmish assumed the Robinson moved on to Catlett‘s Station, and then outlines of a fierce battle, Heath losing five pieces to Bristow, where, foot-sore and tired, we of artillery, two stands of colors, and five hundred bivouacked for the night.‖ - Locke prisoners.‖ - Locke Some of them will still have it we had our morning I think a mail will go away. I whole army there. also believe that I did not receive all What the next move will be is, as you[r] letters you sent. But still, I‘m glad always with us, time will disclose. Of to receive them anytime, so don‘t stop course it will depend a great deal of Lee‘s writing thinking I might not get them. movement. There is a great many I‘m requested to send the letter from speculations about his movement. Some Germany back with a reply, but I will not think he will attempt another invasion. take time to do so this morning. I will But if he does, he may expect to meet the consider over the matter and reply with the Army of the Potomac sooner or later. We first opportunity, for I see I was mistaken watch him closely, and he may be assured in the man engaged to my sister. He is not we don‘t fear him, especially when he a stranger to me, nor to the place. But tell attempts to cross the Potomac; for there Jake not to act until they hear of me. we whip him any day in the week. His I‘m glad you felt yourself able to get generalship won‘t do there. a stove; and if possible, I shall endeavor to Hoping day after day may pass do all I can to help you along. away under the protection of our Heavenly The question you put respecting Father, and time fly away apparently short Wardens, I must decline. For just as well to return home to you, to lay aside the as I understand the meaning, I‘m afeared armor of the grim soldier and enjoy the he would; and should it prove true, it is quiet of civil life once more, I close with time enough for him to hear of it no matter my love & kiss to you both. how late. All I got to enjoin upon you: don‘t concern yourself about such family Affectionately yours, etc. affairs and you will not make yourself enemies. Be content if you can. Live in the conviction that no such disgrace will George Cramer turn up in your family circle. For my part, I am not afeared of such consequences. I have not had a letter from you for some In conclusion, I will say that we past time, but no doubt you have written. The through Thoroughfare gap last night and last I received was written Oct. 4th. are resting this morning. How long, I can‘t say. More anon. ---  --- Accept the love of

Camp near Thoroughfare Gap, Va., Your affectionate husband, Oct. 21st, 1863

Dear Wife, George Cramer

Just now I got in receipt of your Scissors, tobacco, measure which you Letter of the 6th containing also the letter gave to Sgt. Noble I received but always from Germany. You will see that I have forgot to mention it when I wrote. It came not broken my promise writing as often as along in Capt. Noble‘s box, but it was long possible, but you also will see that I could coming. We gave it up for lost. not sent off after I had written first, owing to our moving all the time. But this ---  --- Centerville. But we make it. The First Bristow Station, Va., Nov. 4th, 1863 Corps never fails its mission. At the time, we could not understand why we had to Dear Wife, throw out skirmishers the whole way from Bristow to Centerville, but we know it Your long looked for letter at last now. By the way, I may state to you that arrived and dispelled the cloud which was our Regt. and the 88th Regt. P. V. had to hanging about me, sometimes thinking you were sick or perhaps I had offended you in something. I, the same time, had scarcely any time to write, for work pressed me. That while it was warm enough to write (for we had very cold weather), I was compelled to work. So you see I was vexed all around, sometimes thinking ―Wait, you dear little wife. I let you look for a letter a little while too. But, of course, your letter made everything all right; so here we are. Figure 27: Generals Kilpatrick & Beuford By this time I suppose you received my last, which was written on the other do the skirmishing. Col. Coulter ask our [side of] Thoroughfare Gap. If I mistake Brigadier Gen. the reason why we moved not, we left that place last Tuesday a week, so fast, for it was very hard for us to came back through Thoroughfare Gap, and skirmish over hills, fields & woods in marched to above mentioned Station. advance of the column. He answered that Since we arrived here, we have been in an it was a Crap Game, us to get Centreville unsettled condition, expecting every day to or the Rebels; so we had to go it. move. Last night we got filled out with I should have pitied Gen. Meade in eight days ration again, and of course we this falling back if he would have had expected to march during the night, or else cavalry like it was a year ago, but that surly this morning. But it is evening now, branch of the army has become quite and things are in the same condition yet effective. They have earned themselves and we are ready to march in five minutes the esteem of the other branches of the time. This, however, we are always. But army. Gen. Killpatrick & Beauford cannot one thing is evident to me: that we will be too highly esteemed for they, I move from here before long. consider, have won the name for the You seem to have great confidence cavalry which soldiers ought to have. in General Meade, and hope you will not They made the cavalry. be disappointed. But he must look sharp, I will have to cut the letter short. or else Lee might slip into Centerville Give my regards to Ann McKartney. Tell Fortification before we reach it. Then h_ll [her] she must look sharp or else she might would be to pay for us poor fellows. That lose her bean with this drafting. But I was the reason we, our corps, did not get believe he has a mother, so he must hang in the last fight. We had to run the race on close to the old lady, which will exempt with part of Lee‘s Army which was him. If he knows what soldering is as well moving on our Flank in a dead go for as I have found out, he would avail To proceed with our advance, we himself to slip out of it. got drawn off the picket line as I stated More anon, for I must write a line above, not allowed to go back to our for my daughter. Be assured of the Love Camp, but proceeded right towards the of column of our corps, who were marching already from Bristow. You will have seen Your affectionate husband, in the papers, if you read them, that our corps was moving on the extreme left of the whole army; consequently, our way George Cramer was long. It seems that our corps always is in for that. We finally, after traveling Dear Daughter, the country – where to, the dear only knows – we marched towards Kelly‘s Ford Mama told me for you that you are where we came up to part of the Third a good girl sometimes. But Dada wants Corps and encamped for that night within you to be good all the time. Obey your five mile of the said ford. Early on the dear Mamma; then she and Dada will love next morning, we took up march again and you ever so much. Make Mamma, Annie crossed the river at the ford; but not as we Carty, and everybody else KISS YOU for did when we retreated from the Rapidan, Dada. for that time you could have seen our division plunge into the river, wading it. Your affectionate father. This time, we crossed on a Pontoon Bridge65. We proceeded right on as we ---  --- were the last corps crossing. As soon we were across, the whole army commenced Camp at Liberty, Va., Nov 16th, 1863 to move up the valley toward Brandy Station, towards Culpepper. Dear Wife, This would have been a grand sight for individuals out of the army to see us Probably you think I have broken move up through that valley, the whole my promise of writing, for I have not army massed; the Sixth, Fifth, Second, written since encamped at Bristow Station; Third, and First all moving up together, but that is not the case. If you received alongside of each other. So as far as you that letter, you will have seen that I could see, you beheld the well-closed expected that we would advance, in which column of the different corps. It is no I was not mistaken. The day following, wonder, if Gen. Lee saw us advancing, we went out on Picket (I along), but was that he had no inclination to give battle to withdrawn and took up march. those seeming determined columns, that Before I shall detail anything of our he rather preferred to fall back out of a advance, I must tell you first that I had a dream last night that you were so angry at 65 ―The relation of the army to our own was such as me that you would not speak to me. If I to warrant the belief that by marching three corps had not dreamed this, I should have waited to Kelly‘s Ford, and thence across the Rapidan at until in the morning to write, for it is night Germania For, while the two remaining corps moved by way of Rappahannock Station, the rear now. of the Rebel army could be reached, and Lee‘s line of communication with Richmond severed.‖ - Locke open-field fight to seek his own position I will leave off here. This will show across the Rapidan. you I think that I could not write sooner. I I cannot say quite as much as I will write if possible tomorrow, for the could, but I must make it short. Near Paymaster is here and it is likely we get Brandy Station we formed the line of paid off. But the same time, it may be battle, throwing the gauntlet to Gen. Lee. likely that I have to go out to watch [for] But as stated above, he did not wish to guerillas, for that is part of our business give us battle. We laid that way overnight here. But anyhow, I shall write if possible. and the day following up to towards So good night to you & my Bird. evening about five o‘clock, when our corps was ordered to march immediately. Affectionate husband, Of course, we did not know where to, but it proved towards the Rappahannock, which we crossed and marched on in the George Cramer darkness of night to Liberty, the present camp. But not the whole of our corps nor ---  --- division, only part of ours and part of the First Brigade66. The corps is divided all Camp near Rappahannock Station, Va., along from Rappahannock Station back to Nov. 24th, 1863 Warrington Junction. Remaining a night in camp after our Dear Wife, arrival at this place, part of us got detailed to go back to Bealton to work on the If you have received my last letter railroad (which had been destroyed by the written at Camp Liberty, you will have Rebels)67. I had the good luck to be one of seen that I did not expect to remain there them. We were detailed for six days, so very long. You will see at the heading of you can see that I‘m a railroad hand now. this that I were not wrong in my But we worked well and finished the job reckoning. We left that place yesterday in 4 ½ day[s] from Bealton to morning and came to above mentioned Rappahannock Station, and cars runs this place about noon and encamped. In the day to the latter place. evening we received orders to march at daybreak (this morning). Accordingly, this morning we got our breakfast before day‘s light and commenced marching out 66 ―A detachment of four regiments and a section of artillery, under command of colonel Coulter, is (a disagreeable rain having set in during stationed at this point, reached last night at ten the night). But to the delight of the Boys, o‘clock. … From the location of Liberty, the as we were marching out the General‘s aid special duty of the detachment, as may be inferred, came galloping along (seemingly is to fill up a gap through which Stuart or Moseby delighted himself, for he came riding up might fall upon our wagons, or capture the stores at Bealton Station, two miles distant.‖ - Locke without hat or cap) countermanding the 67 ―On the 25th of October the Federal army was order, which brought forth the hardiest concentrated at Bristow Station. General Lee cheering I heard for some time, so we rapidly retired before our advance, but at the same turned and put up camp again. time effectually destroyed the Orange Railroad This does not indicate that there is from Bristow to the Rappahannock. A further pursuit was impossible until this main artery of an unwillingness in the army to undergo supplies was repaired, and to this one object all the hardships, but the same time they are very resources of the army were applied.‖ - Locke glad to enjoy a little rest, for we have had soon, I close with my love and a long hardships since the campaign opened last sweet kiss for you both. spring; yes, I belief more than ever any army had. Men at home form no idea, and Your affectionate husband, I can only say that there is a stronger Hand than man‘s to support the Soldier in such trials, for a person would think the whole George Cramer army would even be stricken down by exposure and decease. But thanks be to L. B. I will mention the chaplain had no God, there is comparatively but little opportunity of sending off the money as decease even among those new men, the yet. I stated in my last I gave him twenty- conscripts. They had a hard initiation into five dollars for you. I also enclosed a half the army. a dollar check in last letter for my Bird. I often pitied those men on our long marches, overloaded and the almost G. C. insufferable heat which made us old soldiers almost give out. But I must say ---  --- they done very well considering. I have received no letter of you Camp south of Kelly‘s Ford, since I last wrote but I thought I would Dec. 4th, 1863 write, for I may not have the opportunity again when I would wish to. For I do not Dear Wife, think we will remain here more than a day or so. This evening, just after getting in to I actually believe that General the above named camp, and completing Meade is pressed to another battle this putting up my shelter, I had the month yet by our cursed wire-pullers satisfaction [of] receiving your letter of the laying at home. I only fear it may turn out 29th. No doubt time seemed long to you, disastrous. I can‘t see why it is that our as well as myself, no hearing from me, but government did not learn a lesson last it could not be helped; for if you winter in Burnside‘s defeat. But we will remember in my last I said that I expected hope for the best and the same time do our we would move again. I have for some best, for we will fight; we would like to time past been nearly correct in my bring this war to a close. gestures. So it proved this time, for we I hope and pray that God may left Camp Liberty November the 24th, sustain me in future as he has done, that he marched to near Rappahannock Station, may be my Shield & staff in danger and remained there two days, took up march trials, and at last see me safely home with again, crossed the Rappahannock River those who are watching anxiously the and pressed forward toward Rapidan River progress of time [for] the return of the which we reached late at night, crossed it weary soldier. yet on the pontoon bridge and laid down Give my respects to the Wolfs, for the night68. The following [day] we Grand pap & Grandmother. Tell commenced pressing forward again Grandpap that I can beat him as a (before day light), pushing back part of the railroader now; that I became quite a enemy‘s force, which we kept up until the perfect hand at it. Hoping to hear of you 68 The Mine Run Campaign Figure 28: 6th Corps returning from Mine Run Campaign (November-December 1863). following morning about two o‘clock morning we got orders to cross it again the when we got up to the front of the enemy‘s same – wading it. You may judge how main force. Here we laid down along the that felt this time of the year. It Road in the woods until daylight. occasioned a good deal of murmur[ing] As soon as day broke, every and swearing, for the men think that it was preparation for a battle [was made], and not Gen. Meade‘s order, only the fault of soon you could hear the reports of muskets our division[‗s] Gen. Robinson. But of along the skirmisher line of ours and the course, that I‘m not able to say. But enemy‘s. Our artillery opened fire on their whoever may be in the fault of it, it was an fortified lines, to which the enemy but act of inhumanity, and the man aught to be slightly replied. And as near as I can brought to account for it. For why had we judge, Gen. Meade, finding that he could to cross when the whole of our army not dislodge them from their position, encamped without crossing; and then this made preparation to take their fortification morning us to re-cross again? by a charge – a general assault – of which, You will have to excuse me [from] however, the country may be glad of it, writing more how we got along for this never took place. For too many of our time, for I‘m very tired. We are all wore soldiers would be resting under the sod or out; yes, and had been pretty well starved maybe strewn through the wilderness; for out, of which I shall speak in my next. such it is. Insurmountable obstacles I thought I [would] hasten you this presented themselves which could not be so you don‘t fret any longer than overcome, which induced (at least I think necessary. I don‘t think the chaplain had a that) Gen. Meade to withdraw, probably chance to send the money. If he don‘t get thinking that could draw Lee out of his it off, I will send it before long in a letter, stronghold, and so getting him on a fair provided I have the chance. For I even field, and then give him battle. But as it don‘t know whether this letter can be sent seems, Lee would not come. away, but I think it will for we shall at As I said, we commenced falling least have to rest a little here. back, re-crossed the Rapidan and Hoping to hear of you very soon, I yesterday evening our brigade crossed the close with a good night. Rappahannock River at Kelly‘s Ford; but not on a Pontoon, but had to wade it. This Your affectionate husband, In your Letter of the 22nd (which, by the way, I received only yesterday) you George Cramer said soldier life has all kind of trades, in which you‘re very near right; for I have I have not received the letter of which you learned now how to build a house, for my say you spoke of Mrs. Beetem‘s illness. bunky & myself built our house, done the carpenter work & the mason‘s also. So ---  --- you can tell Mr. Fleager he must not get to sticky with his house or else I go to work Camp near Kelly‘s Ford, Va., & build one myself. But probably you Dec. 9th, 1863 would not appreciate my architecture, rather prefer to pay rent. Dear Wife, I can‘t remember rightly where I left off in my last letter, for I was in a great In my last I promised to write soon hurry writing. We had scarcely dropped in again to finish what I omitted in my last. I camp when I wrote. But I will commence should have written a day or so sooner but to give you a little of experience of a I‘m glad to be able to inform you that we soldier life. have been very busy putting up quarters to I stated in my last when & how we winter in, if possible, which I know will be arrived where the enemy had taken a stand cheering news to you. I only hope Gen. & also when we withdrew & what I thought was the reason for withdrawing, in which I think I was pretty near correct. Some things I had not mentioned, but I have seen it since published in some of the newspapers, and you have probably learned our sufferings through that source, so I might as well own up to it. Arriving where the enemy was in position, ours, the 11th Regt., being a old regiment, no conscripts in it, and considered a trusty Figure 29: Building winter quarters regiment, the division Gen. John C. Robinson ordered us for skirmish & picket Lee will behave decently. On our part duty. Accordingly we had to face the there will be scarcely any movement of music. We went out on the line (in the any consequence if not forced on us. This, morning at six o‘clock) and got welcomed of course, I give on no authority but my by the fire of the Rebel sharpshooters. But own judgment. as we understand this game pretty well, we As I said above, it will be cheering were not slow dodging to the ground. But news to you when I tell you that I‘m it was rather an uncomfortable position, writing in my house, in front of the the ground frozen and besides a cold, fireplace with a comfortable fire blazing in sharp wind blowing sharp enough to cut us it. It makes me feel quite happy towards in two. This way we had to remain the time we put in across the Rapidan. watching, for the Rebs had posted The Lord in his mercy may prevent of us themselves that we merely would have ever getting back there. wasted powder to shoot at them. Besides, as soon as we showed our heads a bullet was no pontoon bridge there. This done, would whizz over us. I rather allowed we were in hope to find at least some they done some very good shooting, for ration for us, but we were to be even the d____d buckers sent them rather close disappointed in that. around my head. In this position we It was sunset then. This was too much remained from morning six until six in the for out noble Brig. Gen. H. Baxter; evening. It was intended to keep us out marching couple days without rations, over night also, but Gen. Baxter, our wading the river, and still no sign of Brigadier General, he swore that the anything to eat. He mounted his horse Eleventh Regiment must be relieved, that again and assured it has to sleep under blankets that night, the boys he would and God bless the old, good man for it, for come back with again next morning some of us surely rations. This gave would have been frozen to death (maybe us some little spirit you have seen in the papers that some in to go on further the Fifth Corps froze to death). So we got duty, for already relieved in the evening at six and went in was a detail made where our army laid and did sleep under to go out on picket blankets for that night. (unfortunately, I The day following, the charging of Figure 30: Brig. Gen. was one of the the enemy position was contemplated, but Henry Baxter number). So off was found that if attempted, and even we started, hungry, wet, and cold on carried, it would be attended with too great picket. But true as the needle to the pole, [a] loss of life on our side, and as we had the old general rode to Rappahannock left back all our supplies, in which Gen. Station (by the way, he had to go six miles Meade done very wise, for we passed at and return six) and he did bring rations least from twelve to fifteen mile through a and had them sent to us on the picket line, perfect wilderness where the roads could allowed us to make fires and make not be trusted. Should wet weather set in, ourselves a cup of coffee. Bless the old the whole train would have been lost, so Gentleman, for such he is. we had to fall back. Yes, and this we did Morning dawned, and to our great with empty stomach[s]. I had not a bit to surprise the bugle sounded the pack-up eat for two days, and some of the men call, and soon proved that we had to re- longer than that. The whole army was out cross the river, the same as we did the of ration, officers as well as men. Besides evening previous. Why this crossing and not having anything to eat, we had to do re-crossing of our brigade was done, I very hard, forced marches until we came cannot account for it; it certainly must near Brandy Station. Here we allowed we have been ordered by our Corps General, would get ration & some rest as some of Gen. Newton, or by our Division Gen. the army stopped here, but alas, the First Robinson in a mistake. But, however, it‘s Corps had to go on farther east, and past, if they only let us remain here now. especially our division had to make Kelly This is, I believe, the first time that I Ford to form the left wing of the army. described you some of our hardships, for I Arriving there, we got quite downhearted, always thought you only would trouble for here, worn & half starved, we were yourself, and it would bring me no relief. ordered to wade the ice cold river, as there But as the papers have had some things mentioned, besides that there is always a Dear Birdy, Mama has a kiss from me for certain set of people ever ready to censure you, so has Mother Wolf and Annie Carty. a General or the army for not doing so or Make them give it to you. You will give so, I thought I would give you some little them my love. You may kiss them too for of our life and doings. Only I hope this me if you wish to. will not occasion you trouble, for you see the ordeal is past and I‘m still alive, living I have been looking just at your likenesses. on in hope, counting, same as you do, how I have them carried along. They are just long it is when I shall have done my duty as good as when I got them. I was afeared to my country and return to my sweet I might lose them on our last move, but child and dear wife, and also hoping that, got them safe with me. again then, not only return to hear more of the horrors of war but to return the country Send me postage stamps. I can‘t get them in position of a victorious, honorable at present. peace. I am sorry to inform you that William ---  --- Widner has not been to see me, although he was but about 300 yards laying from Camp near Kelly‘s Ford, Va. our Regiment. I went there one morning Dec. 14th, 1863 but they were not up yet. Consequently, I did not get the tobacco, although I‘m not Dear Wife, suffering for it. I should like to have it, especially as there is a piece of my Birdy Your Letter of the 8th inst. came to along. But he is a Widner. hand Saturday evening, learning that you I have not inquired whether the had not received any news from me for Chaplain sent the money off, but I think he two weeks. I should have answered had no chance as yet. You will answer yesterday at least, but as I have sent you this right away, and should you stand in two letters since we are here stating the need of the money, I will get it and send it reason of my silence and also giving you in a letter. some description of our doings & getting You will see that the letter you wrote along, I delayed a day longer answering the 29th, I received before the one you your letter, thinking that you surely wrote the 22nd. The latter had gone to the received mine ere this, and the same time Fifth Corps again, hence the delay. You thought I might receive word from you. sill in future direct: George Cramer, Co. But as I did not so far, I concluded to A., 11th Regt., P.V. Col. Coulter write. commanding, 1st Corps. I see that you were living in great Hoping that this may reach you both anxiety & trouble which I readily believe, enjoying good health, I bid you good but that is another proof that a person night. should not put himself in unnecessary trouble, for it will not keep it off if it Your affectionate husband, should come & then it is time enough. But of course it is natural and a person can‘t help it. George Cramer We surely can be thankful to God that our last movement ended the way it did, for should it have come to a general as soon as we get in camp I should not be engagement, it would have been awful for put on duty. many of us. Many a wounded man would You requested me to give my have perished in that wilderness (for such opinion about our marriage certificate. It that region of country is called, and well it will certainly do no harm getting it, nor deserves it) and many a killed man would see I any harm in you asking me. never have been found. Although the cases referred to on that If you received my last, you will paper must be of a different nature, as have seen that we are (what we call) stated, the Law requires a widow of a comfortable fixed, and from all deceased soldier to establish before a appearance intend to winter here. My Justice of the Peace, through competent little girl need not trouble herself that her witnesses or otherwise, that she is the Dada freezes too much; he has two woolen lawful widow of deceased to entitle her to blankets, and if they don‘t keep him warm bounty back-pay of deceased soldier. he can get up and make up the fire in his There is a great many persons shanty. So cheer up & think that I‘m laboring under mistake respecting the doing fine. hundred dollars bounty of the three-year There is another intelligence I can men. There are some of those men got give you [that] I know will give great discharged on account of disability or satisfaction; that is, I need not to stand otherwise before having served two years. guards nor go on Picket duty (unless the Such men will not get the bounty (for whole regiment or the whole of my instance, in Jack & Charley Reighter‘s company goes) nor need I go on drill or case). The act of Congress approved in any other duty for the present. And June, 1861 provides that the volunteer probable it may remain so for all winter, shall receive one hundred dollars bounty for it was ordered so by Col. Coulter and ―provided he shall have served two years‖ therefore need not the Capt. of the Camp when discharged. This act has not been to excuse me. While we were still moving amended since by Congress and is still law about of course this, I knowed myself, yet, so no one who got discharged before could not well be done, but when we having served two year[s] will receive the started back from Brandy Station to bounty. I do not know of any provision by Liberty, before this our last move, we Congress which would entitle the widow expected then that we might remain all to said bounty unless her husband had winter (which, however, proved served two years at the time of his death. otherwise). I came to the conclusion there This is generally misunderstood by most that I would refuse to do tailoring to of the people and [they] think all everybody unless I would be taking off of discharged or killed are entitled to bounty. duty. This made the colonel‘s eyes open There is to be hoped that Congress will and [he] promised me then that he would secure the Bounty to all widows & see how he would arrange it. This he orphans even should the husband have not often had intended to do before, but served two years. always neglected. But I kept my promise; I‘m compelled to break off short. from that time I would not tailor for Hoping this will find you in good spirit & anybody. This reminded the colonel of his health, I close with my love. intention, and while we were marching yet, he sent the order to our company that Your husband, At present we have quite a stirring time again about veterans reenlisting69. George Cramer Quite a number of our regiment put their names down again, and no doubt this time ---  --- it will be carried into effect. Heretofore, certain movements we still made prevent Camp near Kelly‘s Ford, Va. them from getting gone then70. This, Dec. 20th, 1863 however, will not be the case this time. They will be good for three years more. Dear Wife, They receive a thirty-day furlough which induces a great many to go. Than again, Looking day after day for a letter many think after serving their first from you in which to learn that you have enlistment out, and remaining home, they received mine; for already had I written might get drafted and so have to re-enter three since at this camp. I had concluded the army again and thereby lose the bounty on Friday night to write, but after getting offered now. This may come to pass out writing case, I put it away again; for should the war be of length yet, which surly I would have made complaints. But God may prevent. As yet I have not given then I thought again I better wait, for you my name to re-enlist. I thought I would surely had written and should I complain, await your answer to it, whether you it would only grieve you; hence the delay. would like for me to earn that big bounty Yesterday I received one of your letters, or whether you are of the opinion that civil but I see not the one you first wrote for it life is better fitted for me. is the one of the 15th containing the Reviewing the past two year[s] & postage stamp. I got none with thread as better, looking over all the varieties of yet. soldier life, my opinion of it is pretty well In my last I instructed you to direct set. But the same time I like to hear what my letters with the First Corps put to it, you got to say, but make sure not to advise which will prevent them from going to the me to reenlist. Fifth Corps, which they have of late. The I will not write as long a letter as I money which [the] chaplain had for you have been doing couple of times for you was expressed on the 15th at Brandy

Station. It will have reached Carlisle ere 69 this. Should you not have received it, you ―The troops once in winter quarters, no further general movement could be expected before the will at once go to the Express Office and beginning of May – five months in the future. But answer me thereof. with that very month would commence the I suppose it is useless for me this expiration of the term of enlistment of a large time to mention that James Smyth is well, proportion of the old regiments, and before the next for he sent a letter home a couple of days spring campaign fairly opened, the government would lose one-half of its most available force. … ago. However, I will mention that I read It was provided, in addition to the liberal bounties that part of your letter to him concerning … that each veteran volunteer should be granted what his mother told you for me to tell thirty-five days‘ furlough; and that where three- him. fourths of a regiment reenlisted, such portion of the regiment should go home in a body, taking with it arms and equipments.‖ - Locke 70 I was unable to make sense of this sentence. I took a guess as to where to end it and start the next one. might get tired reading, and besides laugh what success? In particular this time, at at me. Hoping you both enjoy good health this season of the year, it will tend at least and be in good spirits, I close with my of killing us off, if that be of any benefit to love. the country. I notice there is nothing said about Your affectionate husband, our move in the Daily Press, and I think they never should. King Solomon said George Cramer there was time for all things, also for fighting. For humanity‘s sake should they ---  --- abstain dragging men around this way. Humanity is outraged. I‘m sorry that I had Camp above Culpepper, Va., to give you such news only such a short December 28th, 1863

Dear Wife,

The heading of this will at once tell you the change of our position, not for the better but for the worse, for the old camp we left had been fitted up comfortable for winter. The place we are now, we are kept laying in the woods, rather swamp, for it has been raining for two days constantly. On the 23rd of Dec. our division Gen. allowed that we could better ourselves by going a small distance from our old camp and built-up shanty‘s. So accordingly we went to work on said day. We had the greatest part of our houses put up again sometime in the afternoon, expecting to move in the new place again next day. But alas, we were to be disappointed in our calculation. We were stopped building at once, for orders had come in from Army Head Quarters that our corps is to march to the front, by the way to the extreme right, at once. Figure 31: Harper's Weekly, 1863 On the 24th, Christmas Eve, we left time after informing you of our Kelly‘s Ford, our camp, and advance[d], comfortable quarters we had at Kelly‘s passing along our route all the different Ford. It came unexpected to officers as corps comfortable in their quarters. We well as men. advanced five miles above Culpepper You may have that it strange not along the railroad and are laying as above receiving a letter at least written at stated. For what object I am at a loss. Christmas, but this I know will sufficiently This is now the third time that the army acquit me. I hope that you have had a got run to the banks of the Rapidan. To merry Christmas, and the same time you will not let this be the cause of enjoying a George Cramer less merry, happy new year. As I remarked in one of my former letters, it Kiss my Bird. would not better my situation, only tend to make you feel unhappy. I should have liked if I could have given you better news. I almost felt inclined not to write at present, but I thought probably it would be equally as bad. One thing is certain, they can‘t let us in this condition very long, so you may have more cheering news in my next. In my former letter, I spoke of men reenlisting as veterans. You certainly take it for granted that I had no notion of it. There is a good number of our regiment who put there names down. Probable it will be the cause of those who don‘t reenlist getting put in other regiments which, of course, I wouldn‘t like. But still, it can‘t be helped. I received you[r] letter of the 20th, and am glad you received the money before Christmas a[l]ready. I‘m sorry that I could not send my Birdy a Christmas gift; but she must excuse her Dada. But you will find enclosed a dollar you can appropriate for her as a New Year gift, if practicable in your judgment. It is wet and cold. I shall have to close. I only will say in conclusion not to despair. Live on in hope. In a few days there will be another year dawning on us and then, ere another, I shall be with you & child. May God in his mercy grant that I may return, not only sound in health, but also as a good husband, a good father, as a good man. And I know you will prize that more than any gift could be bestowed. Give my best wishes to all my friends. May they all be happy in the ensuing year. And you will accept the love of

Your affectionate husband,

---  --- 1864 Cedar Mountain, Va, January 3rd, 1864

Alexandria, Virginia, Dear wife, January 1st, 1864 Your Letter of the 26th I received Dear friend, I take an opportunity to and should have answered it sooner, but write you a few lines to let you know that I was unable doing so, for as you will see at am well and I hope that you are the same. the heading, that there is to be no rest for Dear friend, if you receive the us. money that I sent, I wish you would write When I last wrote you, which I think to me, and if you didn‘t receive it, the[n] was on the 28th of Dec. (I hope you go with that receipt to Adams Express. received it.), you will have learned that we And I wish you a happy New Year‘s day. had left Kelly‘s Ford and were than laying And I wish you would send your husband five miles above Culpepper along the a letter and send my best respects to him, railroad in the swamp. Here we laid until and he shall look out for himself in the first of January, when we moved out of battlefield. And wish him good luck out it (for this was the first day we could get [there].

John Eckert Quartermaster Dept. Alexandria, Va. John McGill‘s Train

John Shnoerr East Fayett Street Baltimore, Md. Figure 32: Cedar Mountain

George Cramer out of the mud) on [to] a higher place Co. A, 11th Regt., P. V. V. about a mile distant. Here we set to work 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 1st Corps commencing to build again. We had our Army of the Potomac shanties about half up on the 2nd of Jan. Washington, D.C. when, to our sorrow, the bugle blowed the pack up call, which we did in couple Mr. John Eckert minutes of time, and took to marching out Quartermaster Dept. towards Cedar Mountain. Mr. John McGill‘s Train We are almost at the summit of it. It Alexandria, Va.71 is quite a romantic place. In first place we have a splendid view over a large valley, and a view of the height the Rebels occupy

71 It is difficult to tell how this letter was directed. I would guess that it was first addressed to Mary George Cramer. Perhaps the final address was a Cramer by way of John Shnoerr, then forwarded to return address. across the Rapidan, for that‘s where they all are. Since we advanced up here, they Your affectionate husband, withdrew their pickets from this side. In the second place, it is romantic for those who can take it as a romance, for this is George Cramer the place where we had our first fight last August, a year ago. Here we are laying Excuse [my] bad writing, for I was round in the woods again – and a blessing hurrying for fear of moving, but have not it is we have the woods – without any heard of it yet. orders to put up shanties yet, and probable will have to shift again. It is provoking to Again next time I hope of telling you of think that the rest of the army is all nicely being housed again. quartered and we have to be knocked around thus. ---  --- The marriages you stated is a little surprising, but I wish them all the Camp Cedar Mountain, happiness in their matrimonial life. The January 7th, 1864 letter with the thread I never received, but you need not send any unless I write, for I Dear wife, had a chance of buying. The tobacco, I‘m sorry to say, I also did not get; not sorry The fifth of January is past and with for the value of it, but for the trust you put it the period of time set for paying bounty in the person. For if he had a mind to to veterans reenlisting as such for the term deliver it, he had the chance of doing so of three year[s]. As I remarked in my while we were laying at Rappahannock former letter, there is a great many going Station. He only would had to walk about to take on of our regiment. But now at two to three hundred yards. present I‘m able to speak more positive. In my last letter I had enclosed a Our regiment is going back as a regiment dollar bill as a Christmas, rather New Year for there has over three-fourths reenlisted. gift for Maney. I aught to have sent you This takes them back to recruit according something, but I spent to much myself to order of [the] War Department72. I am while laying in the swamp, the only good also sorry to state that those who did not thing we had our sutler being with us with reenlist will be transferred into any other goods. But you will leave me off for a regiment in the field the authorities see fit little while and probably you get some to put them, and are thereby tore away before long, for we have been mustered from their organization they came out in to for two month‘s pay again. And if they serve out the remainder of their time of are punctual, as they have been of late, we enlistment, which is certainly unpleasant will be paid ere long. But how I will have to anyone who could not conclude to a chance of sending I can‘t tell, for out reenlist73. Of this latter mentioned I am chaplain has left for home. one. James Smyth is well. He has reenlisted for three years as a veteran. 72 Hoping this will find you in better Recruiting stations were opened at Pittsburg, Greensburg, Lock Haven, Jersey Shore, Carlisle, health than when you wrote, I close with and Mauch Chunk. my love to you both. 73 Those not re-enlisting were temporarily attached to the Ninetieth Pennsylvania. I surely think myself badly treated Giving my compliments to all true by my government to whose call I friend[s], I will close with my love. responded when there was no inducements offered to volunteers; for no person can Your affectionate husband, think for a moment that a hundred dollars was an inducement to take the field, that the men enlisting then must have done it George Cramer for other consideration. The government might have made arrangements to let those L. B. Did my Birdy get her New Year gift men who could not well reenlist serve out which I sent in my last? their time among their old associates. It is a tyrannical act, and no doubt was used to Jan. 8th, 1863 (sic) almost force men to reenlist, and no doubt Today I received your letter of the 3rd of in many a case it had that effect. As much Jan. As this Letter had been written before as I am tired of soldiering, had it not been I received it, I will write again probable on for strong reasons not to go, [it] might Sunday to answer questions asked. have forced me to go further. But it is past now and I can not care G. C. where they throw me. I could not think of those who are at home; I could not look at ---  --- the picture of that sweet child and sell myself for three years more; yes, perhaps Camp [on] Cedar Mountain, Va., to make a widow, a fatherless child, Jan., 1864 perhaps an orphan. I do not think four hundred dollars would compensate them. Dear Wife, The regiment will return to the state and the men will get a furlough for thirty Your letter of the 3rd I received days; but how soon that will take place I which you will have learned in my last. I cannot say. No doubt it will be ere long. see you think we could not [have] had a You may think I do not like it. Col. very merry Christmas & New Year which Coulter himself goes back with the is in some respects true. But on the other regiment. I will lose a friend in him, at hand, the soldier can‘t be deprived least to be with. But it can‘t be helped. altogether of mirth. When most hardest The time is short and will pass, if God knocked about, you find them most jolly. will, and I may return home safely. Such was in some degree our Christmas & The last letter I received of you was New Year. Although pretty near swamped, written on the 26th of December. I was you could still tell that the Boys are sure of getting one last night but, alas, it keeping their Christmas: Some enjoying did not come; but hope to hear of you by themselves over a turkey, chicken, or next mail. some other delicacy they had received of In the matter above stated about home, others spending an extra dollar or reenlisting, I have acted under the best of so at the Sutlers, being it was for motives, and I pray that I shall do so in Christmas, I myself along with the rest. future; that there will be nothing, not You may have wondered, at home at temptation to act which would not tend to your dinner table, what I would have to eat the happiness of those I cherish. for Christmas dinner, while I was enjoying myself over a wing of a fine turkey which ought to return to them, return to be a mother Spattwoods had sent to her son good husband, a good father, as I said in Edward (God Bless her). Of course, one of my former letters. So I think [I] soldier like, he had to give a taste of it to will have to stick to that resolution and his acquaintance or it would not have will have to put up with getting transferred tasted good to himself. So you see we still into some other concern, no matter where, have everything as bright as possible. to drag out the balance of my time. At the heading of this you will see You want to know who reenlisted that we are still on Cedar Mountain. We from Carlisle. Well, Sergeant James Warden (In his case, I think he is right enough. He told me that he had a young son of three month old), James Smyth, John Hatton, John and Benton Smith (Doctor Smith‘s sons), John Lites, [and] of course Capt. James Noble. There is over three-fourths of the Regt. going. How soon they will go back, we don‘t know. We are looking for the paymaster every day. No thread nor tobacco yet. But no matter, I have both on hand. James Smyth received his box they sent him from home. I don‘t know what to say about sending me a box. You can do as you like. Figure 33: A Christmas feast My Bird must wait for some other time [for me] to write something to her for have built shanties again, but not as we the paper is full and I shall have to close had it in our camp at Kelly‘s Ford. I have with my love. no fire in mine, but intend to fix it yet. In my last, I told you the 5th of Jan. Your affectionate husband, had past and that I was not reenlisted, and so I thought enlisting as a veteran was George Cramer done for. But I see that Congress has extended the time to the 5th of Feb. So far ---  --- I have not concluded to go. Some of my friends here think I ought to avail myself Camp on Cedar Mountain, Va, of the benefit of what they are offering January 22nd, 1864 now, and I‘m really at a loss how to act for the best. It is true, 402 dollars is a nice Dear wife, sum, but again it‘s a long time & hard to serve for it, nothing to say to be shot at Your couple of last letter[s] came and probably have your head knocked off, duly to hand and I must own to of or a leg or arm blown away which, neglecting to answer you sooner. But, the however, might all happen in my old same time, the unsettled affair of our enlistment yet. But when I think of home, regiment respecting the going back has in rather those I left at home, I feel that I the greatest measure caused this delay. For there is scarcely a day passing were much you would like of sending me there isn‘t reports to that effect. But still it something, which I certainly appreciate, hasn‘t come to pass yet and I am not able but what shall I sat about it when [we have at present to tell you any more about it or no] guarantee this winter of remaining for about the transfer of those who did not any length of time in a camp. I should reenlist than I did in my last; but back they hate should you go in expense and it will go some time. I only wish it was past should get lost, although the things came once for it makes me feel very unsettled in regular what was sent, even when we mind. But so far I have conquered myself moved. This is about all I can say in from enlisting and therefore when these regard to it. veterans should go back, I will not be one I will not lengthen this more than of their number. saying that I hope I shall be able to write The news you sent me about James to you in a more settled state of affairs. I Worden‘s family is distressing, and it close with my love to my dear ones. troubled me considerable how to break it to him; for now it is evident that she is Your affectionate husband, guilty of all what you informed me of last summer, or rather fall; and being convinced of her guilt, I certainly felt that George Cramer I should inform him of it. But how? When I received your letter of the Don‘t send the box, if not sent off already. 8th informing me of the death of James‘ unfortunate Annie, he received one the ---  --- same time which I was convinced would contain the sad information for him. So Camp on Cedar Mountain, Va. when I got your letter of the 12th stating to Tuesday evening, Jan. 26th, 1864 me that she was blessed, rather cursed, with a girl, I thought if he really was Dear Wife, ignorant of her bad conduct, it would be too much for him to bear at the present The mail has just come in, but no time. But I got relieved through his sister, letter for me which, however, I don‘t say Mrs. Monks, she sending him a letter in complaint, for I waited rather too long setting forth the affairs about home. He the last time writing to you which, no told me of it. When I told him that I know doubt, delayed you waiting to hear of me. all, he blamed me, of course, of not telling In my last I informed you that I had him. But I‘m glad to think that he is [a] not reenlisted yet. I expected the regiment man of judgment, to see the motives why I would go back soon, but here we are all [did] not informed him of it sooner. I am yet, in the same condition as then, further glad to say that he bears his trials expecting to receive orders going back. as a man and am confident he will act And I do heartily wish it was past, for it justly in the case. keeps my mind troubled all the time. A This, of course, what I have said in few days ago I was so unsettled that it this, I have said to my wife, not to her next almost tempted me to a step which I might neighbor, you understand me. have regretted since. But I trust that I will You have repeatedly ask[ed] me conquer and keep the resolution which I about sending me a box, and I can see how formed, that is to serve my time and, if God‘s will, then return home to my family, liable to it, and likely to be found on both trusting to be the best for their & my own sides. My prayer is to return home to you benefit. a good husband and good father to my It‘s true the bounty paid perhaps child, not to grieve them by word or act. would come good, especially should May I always find it the happiest place and anything befall me yet while I have to always try to make them feel happy and I remain in the service. But the same time, know you will feel yourself repaid for all. in three years more can & will take place You can tell the little, bright Bird than seven month[s]. that her Dada will not be a soldier any Dear Mary, I think I‘m settled firm. longer, but will come home and be a very I will not change on the subject. I long for good Dada to her if she tries to be a good the time to be enabled to return home to girl. She must always do what Mamma my dear child, to my loving wife. I‘m not tells her, for she works very hard for her. ashamed to say they are nearer to me at James Warden knows all, which, present than my country, although however, I mentioned to you in my last. preachers, politicians, and probable the Don‘t move. Rent the house again, public will tell a man should sacrifice all: provided Mr. Fleager is reasonable, which wealth, wife, child, yes, life in behalf of I think he will be. Give him my respects, his country. But the majority of such that I said he must not raise, rather fall in advocates you find will sacrifice neither. rent or we shan‘t be able to pay the rent, Further, should this doctoring be for I won‘t get that big bounty. Send me altogether correct, which I do not deny John Eckert‘s address again. The weather altogether, I have made the sacrifice. Let is fine & warm this couple of days. others take my place for the same length In one of your last letters you said of time and we will hope the country will you hoped you [would] hear that we will be rescued from its peril. Yes, as I above be better fixed and me to be in better said, I long to return home to be with those spirit. First, we are in quarters again. The near to my heart, to return home to return latter, you will see pretty much in the spirit that love which is breathed in every letter I‘m in: consigned, hopeful. Col. Coulter towards me, and hope to be able to prove has kept his promise to the letter with me. that the love you bear your husband is not I had no duty of any kind to do while at ill bestowed. Kelly Ford nor since and, no doubt, as You may think strange for me to long as we will remain together yet. Let speak thus, but such I feel. Every married me know whether you sent a Box. I hope life is visited with some difficulties; every not, for I‘m satisfied with your good will. sea of life has high, rough waves. So had I will have to close, hoping to hear ours in some respects and, no doubt, some right soon & very often from you. But, by could might rise again. But when on a the way, shall I send you one of our fixed basis, to bear with each other‘s short Soldier Boys coming home to see you? I comings, those clouds are soon dispelled. will if you promise not to fall in love and I know and I feel myself guilty of having run away with him, for I fear he would grieved you which sometimes made you love you as much as feel unhappy, and probably, sometimes, you thought I care less for you than you Your affectionate husband, would deserve. If so, you must ascribe it to weakness, to shortcomings. We are all George Cramer Give my love to all enquiring friends and a kiss to Meney. Trusting this ---  --- letter may meet you in good health, I remain Alexandria, Jan. 26th, 1864 Your affectionate friend,

My dear friend, John Eckart.

I take this opportunity [with] pen in Go to Adams Express office and you will hand to write you these few lines with receive the amount of $5.00. pleasure, and I hope these few lines may meet you and all the family in good health. The weather is fine and we have some I would like very much to see you, but the pleasant days. times are so pressing that it is impossible for me to get away. But I will try and pay ---  --- you a visit soon. Please tell Jacob Hoffman that it is Camp on Cedar Mountain, Va, no use to try to come and see me because January 27th, 1864 it is very difficult to get a pass. But tell him to let me know where he is working Dear wife, at. I am glad to hear that George is Last night I wrote you a letter & well. I knew when he first enlisted that he mailed it this morning. After it was gone, would be tired soldier‘s life. I am sorry to I recollected that you stated in your last hear that he had [a] hard time but I hope Jacob Hoffman requested the letter from he will return safe and sound. Germany. I should send [it,] so I thought I I was very pleased when I received will attend to it right away & the same Meney‘s74 likeness. I should think that the time drop you a few lines along [with]. I likeness is taken well. Tell Meney I am think they will not come amiss. well satisfied with her p[r]etty present. This letter would have been sent Let me know if Hullebach‘s tailor is back ere this, but last summer I still waited a soldier yet, if Linnescoob and Hullebach for that promised reply of theirs to my is in the same regiment75. letter, but [it] never come and finally I There were a great many Soldiers forget all about it. Luckily, I had stowed it from Carlisle here in Alexandria. When away in my portfolio, for such I have since you send George a letter, tell him that he I got your likeness, or probably the letter must be in good spirits and not let his should have been lost. It is unnecessary to courage go down. His time will soon be say anything respecting it at this time. At out; then I hope he will arrive home safe the time I received it I said all I could say and then we will enjoy good times. If he in regard to it so you can handle it to him is anywhere near Alexandria he must with my respects. come and see me or send me a letter. In one of my late letters I told you that we had been mustered on the 31st of

74 Likely referring to the Maney of George‘s letters December for two months pay, and 75 I had to guess at these names as they are hard to perhaps you think it strange that the make out. money did not come yet, but I‘m sorry to respects to the whole German tell you we have not been paid yet and not congregation. likely to be paid until after next muster which will be on the last day of February, John Eckart for it seem they need all the money for veteran recruit enlisting. Of course you Yours respectively, will believe me when I say as soon as we get paid [I will be sure] to forward [it] to Mrs. Cramer you if possible. I will make this but short. How is Please let me know how Mr. Cline Grandpap getting along? Give him my is getting along by this time. respect; also to Wolf‘s Family; and our Birdy to pinch Annie Carty‘s cheeks for ---  --- her Dada. Hoping this will find you both well Camp near Culpepper, Va., and in good spirits, I close with my love. April 12th, 1864

Your affectionate husband, Dear wife,

No doubt you‘re anxious to hear George Cramer from me. I should have written to you last Sunday, but during the night of Saturday No letter this night. to Sunday some of the Railroad Bridges got washed away and thereby the mail was ---  --- stopped for several days. The bridges are not rebuilt yet. However, the mail goes April the 3rd, 1864, through again. How, I do not know. Alexandria, Va. We left Harrisburg last Wednesday morning and arrived at Washington that Dear friend, evening where we had to lay over for two nights, owing that we could not get I seat myself this afternoon in order transportation sooner, and arrived at our to drop you a few lines to let you know regiment on Saturday afternoon. You will that I am well at present and hoping this be glad to learn that I am able to tell you may find you all enjoying the same health. that all was right. The Colonel was afraid I was at Baltimore and I seen your I was taken up at Baltimore but laughed husband. He was at his sister‘s two days. heartily when I told him that I went back I was glad to see him and he told me that home again after I had missed the other Cap. Warden was dead. I told him he men. would have done better if he had not Tell Mrs. Smyth she need not [en]listed because the wages has raised so trouble herself about James. He is alright; high. He could of made more than he got also Benton Smith. There is no charges in one year. I heard that Jacob Hofman again[st] them. But you may tell Mrs. was not coming down to draw his money. Smyth, if she would see Jacob Rahne and I will bring my letter to a close by James Guie, to tell them to come on to the sending my best respects to you all and my regiment immediately, if they know what is good for them. They have one week‘s Washington, D. C. grace yet to do it in. Dear Mary, as for my part, I am glad L. P. Tomorrow or day after, I will send that I am up. Had there not been so many you my discharge back again. I had no back, I should have perhaps stayed longer use for it. Captain Haper of our Regt., at home, and I‘m convinced it would have with whom we came, took well care of us. been all right. But as it was, I thought best Nobody interfered with us. We were the to come, for the Colonel could not well independent veterans. Nobody wanted to have left me slip and punish others, nor know whether our furlough had run out or could he helped a number of through76. not. He got the transportations for us. As soon as you receive this, you will answer it right off for I think we will move ---  --- soon, for the sutlers and citizens are all ordered back again the 16th of this month. Camp near Culpepper, Va., If found in our line after that, their goods April 15th, 1864 will be confiscated and the persons themselves will be turned over to the Dear wife, Provost Marshal and will have to work on government‘s works. This, of course, Enclosed I sent you my discharge. looks like moving. Send me two skein of You will take good care of it for it might sewing silk. be of some use yet. I might just as well Hoping that you and Maney are had left it at home. I had no need of it well. I scarcely expect that your mother is coming on; no person ask me for anything. altogether so, but the same time I hope to In my letter of the 12th, I told you hear she is still improving. I almost forgot that there is an early movement of the to tell you that I need not have to pay for army expected. If the weather continues my gun, knapsack, or accoutrements, for a as it has been for the last two days, we gun I made on the road coming, and the surely move ere many day[s]. But the other things I received of Noble. They had same time, the weather may change very made to somehow, so they loss wont be so certain this time of the year. If we do great. Of course, I had to draw a Blanket. move, I only hope & pray that we may be You will give my love to all our successful in order to bring this cruel war friends. Hoping that you are in good nearer a close. spirits and to hear from you soon, I remain Dear Mary, I am contented since I‘m up with the regiment, for to come I Your affectionate husband, had. The only thing which will set hard, in case we move, is my toe. As you know, I still complaint of [it] while at home, the George Cramer day I took the whole nail off. Marching will go hard with it. This time, direct your letter only In the Philadelphia Inquirer the George Cramer other day I seen stated that sixteen Co. A, 11th Regt. P.V.V. paymasters left for the Army of the Col. Coulter Commdg. Potomac, but we have not seen any yet. If they should pay us, and there is any 76 I could not make out the meaning of this change of sending money, I‘m sure you sentence. take for granted that I will not forget my up and put in the guard house. I heard he little wife and that bad girl of mine. I‘m was taken up as a deserter, and I was told not certain whether we will get another that Guie has left for the regiment. I told part of our bounty the first payday or not. Mrs. Smith about her James. She was glad I think we will. Should we, and I send you to hear from him and, as they got no letter, money, I don‘t want you to carry every she says to tell him they are all well and to cent to the bank again, but keep some in make him write soon, and for you to take the house so, if anything should happen good care of him since you are gone. you, so that you have some money. Now There have some things changed. mind, that‘s my request. Coffee and sugar have raised a great deal, Hoping to hear of you soon, I will and there has a change been made among close with my love. the lager saloons. There are only a few that dare sell. I suppose they think the Your affectionate husband, court has been too severe. Mother sends her love to you and is glad that you got safe through. She is very George Cramer near the same: one day better, the next worse. And we have so much wet ---  --- weather: On Sunday, the water came in our seller. Then I had to work in your (?). Carlisle, Let me know if Walton stuck to you April 15th, 1864 all the time. On last Saturday I got a Letter from Eckert telling me about you Dear Husband, being in Baltimore. I suppose he thought you were up with the regiment. I was glad to hear from you once You will excuse this short letter, for again, where you are at and how you got it is late and I am very sleepy and I have to along. I only got your letter today, but learn to write again the next time more. I thought I would answer it right away for will close with my love and a sweet good you will [be] as anxious to hear from us as night. we are about you. I was glad to hear you got along as well as what you say the day Your affectionate wife, you left home and heard that Captain Hoper was in town here I was troubled a Mary Cramer good deal. I thought perhaps you might miss him. Then James Smith came up the I hope you will not be angry. I had some next day and said you were down with the work to do, and to get it off tomorrow I Captain. I felt a good bit lighter. thought I would write a few lines and send You say you are glad you are up the silk. But the next time I will write with the regiment. The way things have more. turned out, I am glad myself, for I would have been very sorry if you had been taken ---  --- up, and I know you would have been sorry yourself. For if you remember, Rahn told Camp near Culpepper, Va., you there was no railroad built for him. April 21st, 1864 But I think it is finished, for he was taken Dear wife, Your affectionate husband, Your letter of the 15th I received last Monday evening. I was pleased, you answering my first letter as promptly as George Cramer you did, for I was afraid we might have to move before hearing of you. The latter, How is my bad girl? Kiss her for me. however, has not taken place yet, as you will notice at the heading of this. But the No Paymaster made the appearance. It same time, we expect to have to leave must have been a mistake in the paper. soon. I should have answered you right ---  --- off, but I had to make a marquee (Wall Tent) out of Shelter Tents for the Colonel, Near Culpepper, Va., which has kept me busy till now, and him April 25th, 1864 being anxious to have it done. This caused the delay me answering sooner, and I hope Dear wife, you will excuse me. I sent you a letter on the 15th to Your letter of the 21st came to hand which I have no answer yet, but I expect to and I surely sympathize with you, you all get this evening or tomorrow. In the letter being afflicted with a heavy cold, as you I received, I got the silk which I wrote for. say, but if the weather has been with you In your next, you will enclose a Measure as it is out here, there is not much wonder for me. Get a common one and wrap it of persons getting cold. I have it all around the letter and then enclose it in the through me. My toe is getting better. The envelope. other day I cut the nail off and, as I do no The sutlers all had to leave us. I drilling, it has a chance of getting soon can‘t see how we procure such things as well altogether. paper, stamps & tobacco. Regards the bank, what you speak of James Guie came up to us day in your letter, I give no credit. I take it before yesterday. I wonder whether Jacob merely for idle talk of people. The Rahn wouldn‘t like to be with us, in government has no such power to attach preference to the Carlisle Guard House. I interest on your money. It has power to should think the railroad is finished now. levy tax on money standing on interest in Walton stuck to me like a fine fellow. proportion to other property, so you need You will have to let me off with a not be afraid of that. short letter, for I must make another tent You ask me whether the boys of our for the doctor. They are intented when we regiment, who didn‘t reenlist, returned to are on the move77. the regiment. Yes. You remember while I Hoping to hear of you soon; the was at home yet I read an order issued by same time that you may be able to write the War Department that all such men will me better news respecting your mother. have to join their respective regiments You will give my respect to all again. You are right in your conjecture. relations and inquiring friends, and except Had that been the order before I reenlisted, my love. I should not have done so, but then it was right the contrary. As it is, we must look 77 This sentence is unclear. at the brightest side of [things] and think it may be for the best, the same time trusting George Cramer to Providence and praying that I may be spared to return home to you again, that P. S. Send me the tape measure if not sent this cruel war may soon come to a close, off already. Also, enclose me some post and the nation once more enjoy the and stage stamps. I can‘t get any here. blessing of a lasting peace. There is no sign of a paymaster about ---  --- here, and as it is so close to the end of the month, I don‘t wish for him. For next Carlisle, Saturday will be mustering day; then May 3rd, 1864 [there] will be three month[s] pay due us. But I would like if we wouldn‘t move till Dear Husband, we are paid. Today our regiment went down to Your last letter I ought to have Culpepper, or somewhere near to it, on answered sooner, and no doubt you will be fatigue duty. What they‘re gone to work angry, but don‘t, for it is no fault of mine, at it, I don‘t know; probably throwing up for Mother has been very sick again. She earthworks. Of course, it wouldn‘t suit my has had one of her old complaints. She hands just now, after being home with you had the cramp very bad. It was so much doing nothing, so I did not go, as I was not harder on her because she is so very weak. requested to go. I believe the colonel is But I am glad to tell you she has got better going to do the right thing again, although again. he is not as bad off for me as he was I was very much pleased to see in before, for there is more tailors now in the your last letter that you have no duty to do regiment – but it seems he prefers his old of any kind. If only it would come that far one. that you would have no fighting, that James Guie has come up to the would be splendid news to me. I am also regiment. There will nothing be done to glad to hear that your toes are getting him. Two others were brought up: the one better, for it must have been very painful deserted two years ago; the other to have your shoes on all the time. Mother something over 1 ½ years. They are in the said I should tell you that at night she can‘t Guard House. What the colonel will do sleep; she is thinking of you and praying with them, I don‘t know. He told me he that you will be spared to come to me wished they would have shot them before again – for she don‘t think she will ever they brought them back, or else left them get well – so that I won‘t be all alone, and run. He didn‘t want deserters back. that is what I dread. But we must put our I will close in the hope that this may trust in God; He will do what he thinks is find you all well again, and of hearing for the best. He is the best helper we can right soon again from you. But stop look to. before I do close; I will ask you and the You will find another measure, for I Bird to accept my undivided love (you don‘t believe anything they say about may divide [it] between yourselves). letters being stopped. For if your letters come, why should mine not go to you? I Your affectionate husband, should not get any other kind, for I thought it was no use to run around and hunt the post stamps are those you left at home and I will now close with the hope that when ever you are out, I will send you this will find you in good health and I will some again, for I have no trouble to get hear from you soon. Mother and John and them where you have for it goes all out of his wife send their love to you and all the one packet for you to buy them there or I rest of the friends. Accept mine and get them here and send them. Maney‘s. Love and a kiss, There was a great wonder seen in the sky by some people on last Thursday Your true, affectionate wife, evening: a large white and black cloud. The white stood South, the other for the North. Those persons that saw it said the Mary Cramer South whipped the North, then the North got more men and turned and whipped the ---  --- South and scattered them all in small squads. Alexandria, Va., There will be no draft here for they May the 7th, 1864 have fifty-two over their number, and the men appear to be very well satisfied. I Dear friend, I take the opportunity to write heard this evening that all those detailed you a few lines to let you know that I am men that come on for drafted are to leave well at present and hoping that this may tomorrow for their different regiments. I find you all the same. And also I wish you don‘t suppose Sgt. Noble will like that would let me know in your next letter very well, for he thought he could serve where your husband is, whether he is in his time out here. All I think [is that] there good health or not. And please let me are no better than you poor fellows that know what harvest wages will be this have to be out and go through everything. harvest please. And let me know what I have been very uneasy about you the last Jacob Hoffman is doing now. two days. Both nights I dreamed of you Nothing more at present, but write and Captain Noble. I was so afraid soon. I close by sending my best respects something had happened to you and could to you all. not write. Now I will give you the directions: I must tell you some news that will surprise you to hear: that Mr. Dan Eckel‘s Quartermaster Department, got married, and Mrs. Linnekuhl buried in care of J. Magill, both of her children in one week. They Alexandria, Va. died of Scarlet Fever. I have been trying to sew a little. Please and keep these directions and then He has raised the prices to 75 and 87 cts. you can rite to me. If only Mother was well and I could keep at work like last summer, I could make a Mrs. Cramer78 great deal of money. Mrs. Gites told me at market she got a letter from Gust., that he John Eckhart is delighted that he got back into the old regiment. She is very much pleased ---  --- herself. 78 I‘m not sure why Mary‘s name appears here, but suspect it had to do with addressing the letter. yes, even unharmed, even without a Camp in the field near Spotsylvania scratch. Oh, I hope and pray he will Court House, May the 15th, 1864 further be my shield. Hoping this will not add more of Dear wife, uneasiness to you, but let us put our trust in God and abide by his will. I will merely No doubt it is known at home by this mention how near of getting hurt I did get: time that the armies have been fighting for one ball glanced off on my canteen, some time79. I therefore hasten to drop cutting the cover; the second ball – while you a few lines which I will try to send off in act of loading, I knelt down the head, with the first mail goes out. bending almost to the ground – entered my We have had continual fighting for knapsack where it cut my shelter but eleven days. This day has been quiet so remained in the knapsack, and [I] have the far. How the sun may set over us is to be ball in my pocket now. Had it not been for the act of stooping when I did, this ball no doubt would have filled its mission, for it would have taken effect in the lower part of my body. I would like if you had the ball at home. Dear Mary, the last letter I have written to you was in answer to yours in which you sent the tape measure. In it I made it rather appear I was displeased with you, which has troubled me ever since, and [I] regretted to go into fight for Figure 34: Casualty at Spotsylvania fear something might happen to me before I could write, and I know you always told yet; maybe that hundreds, yes [would] have troubled yourself about it. I thousands, may be ushered into eternity hope you will receive this and be assured before night yet. This has been dreadful that I was only pretending. But it shall be fighting. The good God only knows how a warning to me not to trifle again. I have it may end. Our loss is very heavy. How not heard from you since the letter which it is in the Rebel side, I‘m not able to say. contained the measure, but we expect a They had great advantage over us, fighting mail this evening. altogether under cover. God has been very Hoping to hear of you soon, and merciful to me, for only Him it is who has assuring you of my sincere love, I consign taken me out of the very jaws of death; myself in the care of an all-merciful God.

Your affectionate husband, 79 The battle of Spotsylvania was fought May 8–21, 1864, along a trench line some four miles (6.5 km) long, with the Army of Northern Virginia under Gen. Robert E. Lee making its second attempt to George Cramer halt the spring offensive of the Union Army of the Potomac under the command of Lt. Gen. Grant and Kiss my dear girl for me, and give my love Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. Taking place less than a week after the bloody, inconclusive Battle of to all. the Wilderness, it pitted 52,000 Confederate soldiers against a Union army numbering 100,000. ---  --- Dear Mary, the battle is undecided yet. At present we are laying in line of Camp in the field, near Spottsylvania battle. This morning we were laying Court House, May 18th, 1864 under a heavy fire of cannon. But you must not let that trouble you, for it is of no Dear wife, good; it don‘t alter my situation. But let us pray, and put our trust in God. He has Just now the mail came in, which protected me of harm so far and, if his has been the first since we left camp near will, can do so farther, for our lives are at Culpepper on the third of May. It was his disposal in battle as well as out of it. quite a heavy one, but for all I had to find I‘m sorry that we did not get paid myself disappointed for there was no letter before we moved, for as long as this fight for me. Of course, I do not blame you for will last I scarcely think we will be paid, not writing. It must be through some other and I know you stand in need of money. cause. I will have to make this letter short. On the 15th I wrote you a letter How is Maney and your mother? Give which I gave to our Lieut. Brother who them my love. Hoping to hear of you was going home, his time having expired, soon, I close with my love. in which I informed you that we have been fighting ever since we left Culpepper80. Your affectionate husband, But as mail came in, I think it will go out too. Therefore, I hasten to write you this, for no George Cramer doubt, you‘re in Give my respects to all acquaintances. knowledge by this time Spottsylvania Court House is about twelve about our miles South of Fredericksburg. The latter fighting. I place is in our possession. thought this letter may ---  --- probable reach you In the field, near Spottsylvania Figure 35: Spotsylvania Court Court House, Va., May 21st, 1864 House sooner still than the one I sent with the man, for he did not leave Dear wife, until the 16th and has to walk to Bell Plain before they can be transported. You letter of the third, also I thank God that I‘m able to let you containing one of Wards Measure & know that I‘m still unharmed yet. James stamps, came to hand only yesterday evening, and as I wrote you a letter on the Smith is safe also. Thomas Conrey is th badly wounded; William Walton wounded 18 stating that I had not received any in the Hand. They are both sent to letter yet, I thought I would answer you hospital – where to, I can‘t tell. right off. From the way you write, I would judge that you had not received the ill- 80 The battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania. humored letter I wrote you from camp right wing, evidently for the purpose of near Culpepper in reply to a letter of yours capturing some of our supply train, or else containing that old measure. I stated to to get possession of the road by which our you in a letter written on the 15th that said supply comes. But they got completely letter has caused me a good deal of trouble failed & driven back. When this took ever since fighting commenced. place, our division had to come in a hurry Unfortunately, that measure arrived when to come to the right, I can tell you. But I was not in a very good humor. I was a fortunately, we did not get in actual good deal perplexed with some work engagement; we remained in supporting which I didn‘t care doing. distance. You express your satisfaction about me Our regiment has lost considerable not being required to do duty. But this for since fighting commenced. We had, when the present, of course, is over while we came out again, 566 enlisted men. Of fighting and moving lasts, which will it is now killed, wounded & missing, 259. continue, I suppose, all summer. So you Besides them is 12 commissioned officers see I will have to go it. Besides, I do not in killed, wounded & missing, making a care much for it don‘t pay anyhow to total of 271 tailor. You or anybody else would men. By this scarcely believe it, that ever since I‘m you may back with the regiment, that I received but perceive that one five-cent piece for all the work I done. our regiment Of course, it‘s coming to me yet, but some has been in hard of the men got killed, some others fighting, and wounded & missing, so I will have but a that the poor chance of getting much yet, regiment is once especially as I‘m a poor hand to ask more cut up anybody for money. Besides, working Figure 36: Richard pretty much. It hard in Camp and not doing soldiers duty, Coulter, Colonel 11th Reg. seems as we and then to go on a hard march or fighting, always had to have the luck where the sets very hard on a man. I always have to fighting is raging the hardest. suffer by it. I‘m sorry that I have to state to you I am very sorry to learn that your mother also that our colonel had his usual bad had another attack again, not only for her luck again. In the Evening of the 18th, the sake, but also you. I only wish we would Rebels drove part of our picket line in and, get paid so you would at least could as our grey-haired gentleman, Brig. Gen. dispense with work as long your mother is Baxter was wounded, Col. Coulter had sick. For it is certainly too hard for you & command of [the] Brigade. So on said will undermine your health. Be as careful evening he went out to reestablish the as you can, for remember we have picket line when a Rebel sharpshooter sent something to live for, one who needs a a bullet in the Colonel‘s breast81. He went mothers care, a mother[‗s] eye to watch over & a mother‘s counsel. 81 During the following day, 18th, timber was There has not much transpired along felled in front, and pickets were established in our lines for three to four days, with the close proximity to the enemy's works, one of his most formidable batteries being silenced by their exception of the Evening of the 19th. The unerring aim. Stung by the troublesome fire of the Rebels made a flank movement on our riflemen, several attempts were made to dislodge them, one of which proved partially successful, the to hospital; I suppose to Washington. We also lost our Major, John Keenan, last Sunday a week. While our division made a charge on the Rebels, who where behind Breastworks, we also lost our Adjutant. We suppose he was taken prisoner on the second day‘s fight. We also had our Division Gen. Robinson wounded in the leg when going in in the above mentioned charge. We learned since his leg had to be amputated. One thing I know will be glad news to you: that is that I‘m safe & sound yet. Tell Mrs. Smyth James is safe & well. You see that I have to come to a close with the prayer that, if it pleases God, He may all watch over & preserve us, that we may join together again & so guide us that we may live happy, and further that He may see fit to put a speedy end to this cruel slaughter. Hoping to hear of you soon, except the love of

Your affectionate husband,

George Cramer

A kiss for Maney

I have seen in the Carlisle Democrat, copy May the 4th, a notice of an order of Lieut. Gen. Grant stopping mail communication for 60 days. This is not correct, as you can now see yourself, so write on.

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line being driven in nearly one hundred yards. Colonel Coulter immediately led the Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania to its support, and while disposing the men for an advance, was wounded in the left breast by one of the enemy's pickets, and was borne from the field. - Bates Litzer, the arm would be differently treated from what it is. Convalescence You say in your letter you would come if I wanted you. I will not say you shan‘t come, but for the present, if I was Mount Pleasant Hospital, Wash. D.C., you, I would not. For you need not hope June 4th, 1864 that you could get me home with you. I cannot travel until some change takes Dear wife, place with my Arm. You will please send me a couple of Your welcome letter of the 2nd I dollars, for I haven‘t even to get a Pocket received yesterday, and will attempt to handkerchief washed. I don‘t suppose you answer it myself, although it may be short. have the money yourself. My Sister will I‘m getting along very slowly. I cannot give it to you. I should have asked for [it] tell you more about the prospects of my in my first letter but I didn‘t know then I arm than I could the day I came to the needed any. I have written to Schnerrs; I hospital82. As far as treatment is asked them to send me some money, but concerned here, I cannot praise, for this is I‘m not certain of the number of the house; 549 I directed it.

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Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D.C., June 9, 1864

Dear wife,

Your letter [arrived] containing, as near as I could count it, $1.20. I‘m very Figure 37: Union troops entrenched along the sorry now that I ask you for money, for North Anna River. [in] the letter I sent to Shnerrs I ask[ed] them to send me two dollars, but I was not the seventh day that I‘m here; the surgeon certain that I had their direction right. But in charge condescended to look at my arm it was, and in place of sending me two, he but once since. This, of course, no sent me five dollars in a letter, and further wounded man will call good treatment, no stating that he or his wife would come and matter how well he might be treated & see me. And true to promise, Shnerr came attended by the nurses. My arm is not set over to see me yesterday. He will write nor splinted yet, but is kept in a loose way you a letter today. He also wrote to John which causes me great pain. I‘m almost Eckert and, no doubt, if he is in confident, would I be in Carlisle with Dr. Alexandria yet that he will come to see me.

82 You will be glad to learn that my Family lore says that George Cramer was arm is in a promising condition. But it wounded during the fighting at North Anna River, May 23-26. Since his writing is still relatively takes time and is very painful. But I shall unaffected, and retains its right-handed slant, it try to take it patiently and, with help of seems likely that he was wounded in the left arm. God, all may come right. Furthermore, sitting at my bedside now holding the I‘m more contented now. The Doctor told paper while I‘m writing. that if my arm had been broken over a I have often written to you [that] Fence – in short, a common break – it you must not trouble and fret unnecessary. could have been proceeded with in quit a I am doing as well as can be expected. different manner. The wounds look very The wound looks as fine as can be. It is fine but, oh, the Bone, that‘s the pain. true I suffer great pain – not the wound but You spoke again in your last [of] the fracture. This I must bear and in coming to see me; you will not do that, for course of time all will come right. There you can‘t stay with me. And as for trying is no apprehension that I loss the arm. to get home with you, [it] is out of [the] I[n] my letter of the ninth I also question for I have to be still on the broad advised you not to come, which I repeat. of my back yet. I‘m writing this laying You may believe me, would I fear danger I with the legs drawn up. would not do so. If you would come, you I don‘t suppose you expect long could not lesson my pain, and it would put letters of me, but think you like them you in a great deal of inconvenience. But better to write myself. I received a trust in God that I may be able to come to Carlisle Volunteer. I suppose John sent it. see you. John Eckert will have to go to Give my Love to all friends. Write often Alexandria this evening, yet he sends his and except my love. best respects to all of you. The dispatch I received I had to pay 35 cents. Perhaps it Your affectionate husband, was for the one [that] went back; I didn‘t ask which. Hoping you may not take another George Cramer alarm and to hear from you often, I close with my [regards] to all. ---  --- Your affectionate husband, Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D.C., June 12, 1864 George Cramer Dear wife, ---  --- This morning I received a telegraph dispatch from you inquiring whether I was Mount Pleasant Hosp., Ward 2, dead or whether transferred. Before you June 17th, 1864 receive this you have, no doubt, the information to your inquiry as there has Dear wife, been a dispatch returned to you right away. On the 9th I wrote you a letter The long expected letter arrived which it seems you did not receive, hence yesterday evening. I could not account for your fear and anxiety. I stated to you in it why I did not receive one for so long a that John Schnoerr was here to see me last time. I could not think you had forgotten Wednesday. He also promised me to write me. The letter, or letters, you received last to you which, no doubt, he done. John Saturday, backed with my own hand, Eckert came over this morning. He is which throught (sic) you in trouble, I suppose is somewhat clear to you now. should get in a way to travel without But still I will explain. I kept always danger, I will try to come home. backed envelopes, for the ink could not Give my Love to all and write soon. always be had. When I was wounded, I I‘m tired. Accept my love and tell my had everything cut from [me]. Now it little girl she will see Dada. She must be a seems that some of my men looked in the good girl. knapsack and found them and sent them, not knowing where I was taken to. Your affectionate husband, You need not listen to people about how we get treated and attended. I can tell you that I [am] handled by the nurse who George Cramer attends to my arm as tenderly as possible, ---  ---

Mount Pleasant Hospital, June 19th, 1864, Washington

Dear wife,

I received your letter yesterday evening and was surprised to see that Figure 38: Mount Pleasant Hospital, Walton(?) had honored you with a visit, Washington, D. C. still more to ask you for money. He was not worthy what we done for him (which I for they know the nature of my arm. As knowed) when I was at home, but I for eatings, we have good bread. Of thought he was in trouble. But I gave him course you can not expect to get just plainly then to understand that he must everything what you would get as you understand that he must not look for a would at home, but there is men and ladies harboring place in my absence. Besides, of the Sanitary & Christian Commission he is destitute of all principle. Besides who distribute a great many delicacies. more, when we got to Harrisburg, he got There is also state agencies who do a great money but squandered [it all] away, not deal. But respecting that, I must say I thinking what money I gave and paid for have not seen a Pennsylvanian while I‘m him. He is as big a liar as ever lived. here. Writing goes very hard for I‘m Mr. Smyth has not been here since, weak. I will make it as short as I can. but you must remember he has charge of a Although I say I‘m weak, I‘m getting ward and it requires for him to be there. along very well. I received two papers I‘m sure he will come as often as he can. John sent. If I were him I would not send About my arm, I must repeat that them, for reading goes hard too. The little the doctor thinks it can be saved. But it I can read, I have plenty here. As for will take time, for the wound is still politic[s], that‘s knocked out [of] me just running where from dressing the bones now. always get moved. Therefore [they] can‘t Give my love to Sister Mary and begin to knit together. As soon as they Jacob, to your mother, Grand Pap & Mother, yes, to all. Hoping that I may continue to improve in my arm, I close with my love. ---  ---

Your affect. husband Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, July 15th, 1864

George Cramer Dear wife,

I bear it patiently. Your letter mailed the 11th I received today quite unexpected, thinking there was Mich. Smyth was here yesterday. Give my no mail facilities established, being that regards to his family. part of the Northern Central Railroad was destroyed by the Rebels. I must say that I ---  --- was really glad that you left here when you did and got home safe without Mount Pleasant Hospital, interruption, for I know how you would June 22nd, 1864 have felt [with] them between you and home. Dear wife,

Although I have not received an answer to my last, I will write a few lines. It will be a month tomorrow that I was wounded, but very little improvement I can see or feel about me. Yes, that I do know that it will take a good while yet. You have been wanting to come. If you feel like it yet, you may, but you must not take Maney, for she would be much trouble to you. I have been thinking long before I came to the conclusion. Sent a Figure 39: Confederate General Jubal Early dispatch to Schnoerr to day, before you led his forces into Maryland to relieve the start, to meet you at the Depot. A letter he pressure on Lee's army. wouldn‘t receive, to be certain. Don‘t bring anything from home with you. Yes, I suppose you have learned that they if any one is kind enough to give you some came within five miles of Washington, but blackberry wine, that you may bring. when they met with there old friends of Whether I‘m doing right or wrong, I do the Army of the Potomac, they came to the not know. conclusion not to take Washington this 83 Give my love to all and you will time, but left the country. accept the love of 83 Lee sent Jubal Early and 14,000 men up on a dash through the Shenandoah Valley into Your affectionate husband, Maryland. Early brushed aside a small Federal force that tried to stop him on the Monocacy river and got clear to the Washington suburb of Silver George Cramer Spring. At the last minute, Grant sent an army corps north from the Army of the Potomac, and My arm has not improved since you Along the remainder of our line you can left. On the contrary, it commenced hear them picking away at one another all swelling very much and caused me great day and night long. pain. I must have water running on all the There has been four more of the boys time. But it seems to be improving some wounded since you left: Stou Tenom again. (slight) on the 25th; Jake Rohm (severe) on John Shnoerr could, of course, not the 15th of June; Nixon on the 17th pay his promised visit under the existing (severe); Gus Sites (right thigh broken) on circumstance. the 21st. Give my love to all. Hoping to hear And I fetch up the rear, as I was placed of you soon, you will accept my love. under arrest on the 16th of July and charges preferred for neglect of duty, as I was Your affectionate husband, brigade officer of the picket. Well, I don‘t know what they will do with me. Maybe they will disgrace me and send me home. George Cramer If they do, I know that I can go with a conscience clear on my part of ever ---  --- neglecting my duties while on the line, as I have never deviated from my old habit of Fort Baxter, Virginia, being eternally on the alert, as you know. July 19th, 1864 But enough. Your pistol: Jas Guie has got it, taking Friend George, care of it. We were all glad to hear from you and to know you had not lost your arm Your letter was duly received and yet, and hope you may save it yet. The perused with eagerness, for we all boys are all hearty and wish to be expected you had lost your arm from the remembered to you. nature of the wound you received. As to I must now close, hoping to meet you news, there is not much of any; plenty of soon. work from morning to night, and lots(?) of picket duty to perform. Our Regiment and Believe me yours truly, the 94th New York occupy the fort; and the 88th P. V. and 97th are camped on the outside; any amount of forts and rifle pits, James Noble, and no firing on our picket line as the boys Capt. Co. A, 11th P. V., 2nd Brig. 3rd Div., on both sides have a cartel of agreement 5th Corps. not to fire without giving notice by firing three shots in the air, as that is the signal P. S. If you see Corp. Smyth, give him my for the commencement of hostilities regards. And if convenient, write. But do between them. not put yourself to any unnecessary pains, Our boys have some gay times with for we would sooner wait and hear [of] the Johns, such as trading and dining with you mending quickly. one another. It is very common, and this cartel only extends along our division. Friend Geo., after a skirmish at Silver Spring, Early retreated back to Virginia. - Catton The Capt. having footed up his Give my respects to all friends. letter, he has about all the news Hoping to hear of you soon, you will worth mentioning. I was glad to accept my love. hear you were all right and hope you may soon recover. We are all Your affectionate husband, right on the goose.

From your Friend, George Cramer

Josiah G. Albright Tell my Maney that Dada will soon come home to her. ---  ------ --- Mount Pleasant Hospital, July 22nd, 1864 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, July 27th, 1864 Dear wife, Dear wife, Your two letters are received. The first I did not answer, as I had already Your letter of the 25th I received today written two which I knew you must have and see that you are ready to come again received by the time I received your first. as soon as I should wish you to come You say in your last that the next time you again; which, however, I will not do at come to Washington you would like to see present. Not that I‘m getting worse, but it John Eckert, but I believe his train has is more caution. For I ask Dr. Grafft again gone away, probably down south. about going home. He told me he My wound is still slowly healing up, certainly will leave me go as soon as he but there is still great swelling in the Arm. thinks I‘m able to undertake the journey However, Dr. Graft told me this morning without risk. I think it better to take a that I [will] save the arm. I also ask him good advice. whether I could not go home. He told me I‘m sorry to state that they took Dr. that he would not let me go for it might Grafft from us again. He had to take cost me my life. So I will have to linger charge again of Convalescent Camp, but on here. However, I will try to be patient thinks [he] will get back to us again. until the time will come that I can go. In I wish Mary Hoffman would put her the meantime, I hope that I may get along visit off until the latter part of August, for without that you will have to come. But than I would say you should come along that I promise you, should there be a and wait till I go home with you. change for the worse, I will let you know. Michael Smith has been here to day. So you need not fear. Just now Mrs. & Mr. Murray, Anna and Tell Grandmother that I shouldn‘t care Ephriam have left me. No doubt, Annie if I had the bottle wine here now. I have will tell you how I look. I know it will good appetite. I can walk the length of the please you, for I‘m getting fit. ward. You must not write on to Capt. Noble for Descriptive List. It‘s of no use. I had it done, for this must be done now by the Hoping to hear of you soon, I close Hospital Surgeon. with my love to all; foremost of all to my This time when you come, I will not little wife (old woman) and daughter. object of bringing my Birdy along to see her Dada. In the meantime, I hope that Your affectionate husband, nothing will set me back, but keep on improving and all may be well. You will give my love to all. Hoping to hear of you George Cramer soon, I will close with my love, P.S. One of the ladies who went down in Your affectionate husband, the cars to the city has been here, bringing me a kame(?) of pitches(?). George Cramer ---  ------ --- Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Mount Washington Hospital, Washington, Aug. 12th, 1864 Aug. 8th, 1864

Dear wife, Dear wife,

Your letter of the 5th came duly to Your letter of the 7th came duly to hand, but your last you mention (previous hand. I did not feel like answering sooner, to the 5th) I did not get. Like yourself I for I must tell you at last that my arm got was expecting [a] letter – hence the delay worse. It kept on swelling. Yesterday, of writing – but the same time you ought however, it broke open right alongside the [to] have received a letter from last week. wound and is discharging a great deal. I About the Rebels being across the only hope that no disease gets into it. Potomac, of course I have learned, but it [The] day before yesterday, Mrs. seems at present there is no immediate Shnoerr & Mary have been to see me. danger to the valley. But this may turn, Mrs. Shnoerr only wishes I could get away very certain. Should you feel like leaving from this place, for she saw that we are eat home, come to Baltimore. up by bed-bugs. The place is perfectly As far as myself coming home, I alive with them. If you were here, I would should not like to undertake it just now. not wish you should set with me during I‘m sorry to tell that my arm is a great deal the day; you would get literally be covered more painful than it was two weeks ago. I with them. Whenever you feel like have tried to go home, but thinking still to coming to Baltimore, you can do so. You wait until September in order to get some will be received there in welcome. money yet. However, there is nothing I don‘t feel like writing. Give my alarming about the arm. love to all. Hoping you will get my You tell me that Mary is in letter[s] more regular and also accept the Baltimore but has not been here yet. Ann love of McMurray‘s story is like some more of her making. I do not know anything about Your affectionate husband, spending a week at Ephriam‘s. uneasy about him. If I see anything George Cramer wrong, I will write to you immediately, which was my intention to do, but there is Kiss Maney for her dada. nothing to fear and I am glad of it. But he is like you: He complains for not getting ---  --- your letters. He told me you wrote on the 2nd and one on the 7th, and he did not get Armory Square Hosp., any until the day before I went over and August 13th, 1864 then he got them two letters together. I don‘t think they attend to letters at Mt. Mrs. M. Cramer, Pleasant as strictly as they do at Armory Square. Friend, I received your letter this I wish you to tell my old woman to forenoon. I answer with the return of have everything fixed up, and you the mail. I hope these lines may find you and same, as me and G. Cramer will be home your family and my family are well as I very soon. And have a good drink for us am tolerable well myself, thank God. I am as we intend to play hob when we come also happy to inform you that I was over to home. [see] G. Cramer yesterday, the 12th inst. in No more, but [I] remain your old the afternoon. He looks first rate. I don‘t friend, think I ever seen him so fat as he is at Michael Smyth

I send my love and best respects to you and [your] family, and also to my own.

M. Smyth

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Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, Aug. 14th, 1864 Figure 40: Armory Square Hospital, Washington, D. C. Dear wife, present. He complains of a great deal of Your letter of the twelfth I received pain in the arm but that is nothing. He is today and will answer it immediately. As getting more feeling in it. The wound is for not receiving a letter from me [for] nearly well, but there is an abscess near over a week, [that] is no fault of mine. I the wound and [it] is discharging freely. have answered every letter I have received That is good for him. If there is any loose of you. Yes, more than that, for I most bones, they will come out, and when it is always write before I can hear of you. well, it will keep so. Some of our letter[s] must be neglected He was in good spirits. I told him forwarding somewhere. Knowing this to keep so. I go over to see him every yourself, you must not get disheartened week. I will go to see him again in a right off. couple of days. Again, you need not be Regard[ing] coming home, I‘m Mount Pleasant Hosp., sorry to say that the furloughs have been Aug. 18th, 1864 stopped for the present. But still, I don‘t think this will, or can last of any length of Dear wife, your letter of [the] 16th time, for it is an act of congress that every came to hand this morning and [I] am glad soldier wounded shall have a furlough to learn that you got to hear of me at last. before [being] sent [back to the] front. About the letter you speak of, where in The news about captain Noble telling me of you writing to Mich. Smyth, I being under arrest is nothing new to me, did not [receive] any letter from you having received it in [a] letter which he containing it. But he was here yesterday wrote to me on the 19th of July. I don‘t and told me of it, also that he answered think he cares whether people gets to you. know it, but it is bad faith to tell about Tomorrow will be my birthday, and a what a friend writes to. I think it only fit bright one it will be, especially if I keep in for clashing women to do so. such fine humor as I‘m in today. My arm You speak again about coming down to Baltimore, asking my advice. All the advice I can give you is that I‘m perfectly satisfied if you start from home tomorrow. That much I can say, that Shnoerrs wish you would come and stay with them. But you must altogether act to your own inclination. My Arm is still swelled a great deal, but feels something easier again. I still think about being able going home beginning September. At least I will try hard for it. Do I understand you right of Lizzie Hoffman (Philip‘s daughter) being married (if so, of course, to her soldier)? Figure 41: Union general Ulysses S. Grant Smyth has been to see me day before yesterday. You will give my love pains me all the time and the swelling stays to all. Hoping to hear of you soon, I close without any effort or remedy being applied with my love to you both. to drive it away. I really can‘t see what Your affectionate husband, benefit it is for me to be in a hospital any more than getting eat up by bed bugs & George Cramer mosquitoes. In almost any stable I would enjoy more rest (so much for the condition our hospital is in at present). Last night I If you come down to Baltimore, bring my did not shut an eye. Cause – bed-bugs. discharge along. You say in your letter you will wait coming to Baltimore when Sister Mary ---  --- comes back to Carlisle. Well, I don‘t know whether that should have anything to do with you, if you intent spending awhile in Baltimore. I would leave home next week if I was in your place, but do as you see the last five days severe pains in my proper. I‘m sure I don‘t care. In fact, I bowels (cholic pain), but hope may pass don‘t care much for anything. If you away. The doctor seems to think it best if should come, don‘t forget my discharge it would pass off without medical aid. paper. Mr. Wotzel has not been here yet, but In your letter I see that John Needer you have not mentioned in you[r] letter has reenlisted. Well, one year is enough when he would leave Carlisle. time to be shot at, and perhaps worse than I seen in the paper that our regiment that, for Grant is the boy that wants men was in the late severe engagement at the and can get rid of them mighty quick too. Welden Railroad, but have not learned the If I had been out of service like John, I casualties.84 should not have done that step. When I You know Sam, who give[s] out the reenlisted, my case was quite different. meals, received a letter from Mrs. Bartlet Hoping this will reach you, you will stating that her husband is in hopeless accept the love of condition. His arm had to be amputated, but the doctor thinks he cannot be saved. Your affectionate husband, You also remember Cushing, the one who was attended by his brother, also died some time ago but George Cramer I always forget to mention it to you in my former letters. Kiss Maney for me and give my love to Has Mary returned to Carlisle yet? I all. have not heard from Baltimore since they were here. I believe my arm [will] never do any good. Hoping that your mother has fully I think still that I was right when I wanted recovered again, and that you and our my arm taken off, and the doctor[s] were bright girl enjoy good [health], I close wrong. But they wanted to make an with my love to you all. experiment. Well, if it fails it don‘t take their life. Your affectionate husband,

---  --- 84 On the 18th of August, masking the movement Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, th by some activity on the north side of the James Aug. 24 , 1864 River, the Fifth Corps moved for the purpose of occupying and destroying the Weldon Rail line, Dear wife, which was a major supply rout for Lee‘s army. The skirmishers soon became engaged, and the brigade st was deployed with the Eleventh on the right. The Your letter of the 21 is received. I am following day, at four o'clock in the afternoon, the sorry to learn that your mother had one of enemy broke through the line and took some her old attacks again. I was in the hope prisoners before they were repulsed and the hole in that through her last severe sickness those the line plugged. Captain Noble, of Company A, spells would be broken, but it seems now re-captured the colors of the Ninety-fourth New York, which had fallen into the hands of the that I was hoping in vain. enemy. The loss in this engagement was two killed, As for me, the arm is something better ten wounded, and seventy-four taken prisoners. – as it was when I last wrote, but I had for Bates Figure 42: Union troops tear up track along the Welden Railroad. Eckert has been to see me today. He expects to leave town on tomorrow again. George Cramer Mr. Bartlet is dead. The information comes from Mrs. Bartlet to Sam. Mary ---  --- Hofman left Baltimore for home, and of course arrives there before this will reach Mount Pleasant Hosp., you. Aug. 30th, 1864 Hoping you will not disappoint your daughter of getting a Care ride to Dear wife, Baltimore in the long run, I will close with my love to both of you. Just now I received your letter of the 28th and hasten to reply so you may surely Your affectionate husband, get again the time you so much wish for, but whether it will give you any information regards my opinion of your George Cramer plans you speak of in your letter, for it is a hard matter to form any opinion of them of I hope you will not ask me again when you late. A Philadelphia lawyer even would be should come. That‘s begetting an old at a loss to find the time when you really tune. did intend, or rather when it would suit you to leave home. For when Saturday ---  --- comes, it will quite likely [be that] something may make it inconvenient to do Baltimore, Nov. 2 so. Therefore, I cannot say anything about your arrangement. Suit yourself, then I‘m My dear sister, sure you will hit it best. Anyhow, I expect you will find some time to suit your Your letter with the pictures came safe purpose between this and Christmas. I do and I was glad to here from you and very assure you, it will not affect my intentions much pleased with the pictures. The little in the least, for I shall leave the hospital as girl is beautiful. soon as practicable. I am sorry to hear that George is not As for the wine you send by Mr. well. I hope he is better by this time. I Wetzel, I have not seen [it] yet. John will be glad when his time is up and he is home with his family. A soldier‘s life is a We just got there to see the train start off. hard one and he will better enjoy the Well, I felt pretty cheap for I was informed comforts of home after his long absence. at the office that the next train only starts You want to know my children‘s at 3 1/2 o‘clock p.m., so I thought best to names. I am proud to tell you they are return with Schnoerr and stay another both fine, healthy children. The boy‘s night, not liking to walk around at name is John George Christofer Schnoerr. Washington after night, for it would have The girl is Anny Agustas Frances been dark. Schneorr. Me and the children are well, Again, I got in to Washington on but I am sorry to tell you John is not well. Wednesday morning. I took the 9 o‘clock You tell me everything is dear with train, arrived at the hospital and found that you. It [is] dear too here. I have not heard all was right yet. Yesterday, I went down from John Ecker in a long time. I am to city and got my subsistence which troubled about him. And now I want to amounted to fifteen dollars. I enclose you tell you I often sent word up to you in my five dollars of it. As soon as you receive it letters, but this is the first time I heard you will answer, when I will send another from you. I would like you to bring your five, if this goes safe. little girl and come down and see me. I Hospital life appears dreary to me think you would be pleased with the visit. now. I believe I [would] sooner be with With love for yourself and friends, I my Lamb if I had to lay most the time on remain your affectionate sister, the lounge. But I hope it will change for the better. Mary Barbera Schnoerr I‘m glad to state that I returned to my John Schnoerr Ward 2 again, and also found Dr. Randolph here yet. I spoke Dr. Grafft Give my love to your Mother. I am going since my return; he thinks they will give to have my picture and the children‘s me my discharge. This may, of course, taken and will send them to you. not occur for some time. Hoping that you are getting along well, ---  --- also our Little Veteran, and Maney is a good girl. I also wish that you will get Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, Mary Hofman or else somebody else to do Nov. 18th, 1864 the washing for you, for I think your mother will not stand it. So I think it best Dear wife, to pay somebody to have it done. Hoping to hear good news from you very soon, I I suppose you will be somewhat will close with my love to all. disappointed not receiving a letter ere now. I will state you cause for it: I arrived Your affectionate husband, at Baltimore on Saturday noon and found Schnoerr & family all well. I intended, as you know, to leave for Washington from George Cramer there on Monday, but Mrs. Schnoerr persuaded me to stay to Tuesday. On ---  --- Tuesday morning, Schnoerr went with me to the depot to take the ten o‘clock train. Mount Pleasant Hosp., foolish thing that you are. You will think Nov. 23rd, 1864 [me] hard for using that phrase. Enclosed, you will find five dollars Dear wife, again. No doubt you will find plenty of use before I get any pay. It seems they are Your letter of the 21st came to hand not as punctual as they had been paying in today. I am glad to hear that you are all so the hospital. far getting along well [and] hoping you Hoping you may grow in strength, and may continue so. As far as I‘m concerned, be able to give me good account of your I am about the same as I left home. mother & little ones, I will close with a I see you are complaining a little about kiss for you all. me staying in Baltimore a little longer as I intended, but hope you may have been Your affectionate husband, reconciled with the reason I have ascribed in my former letter, and by [my] further promising that should I be as fortunate as George Cramer getting in discharge some time this winter, I shall not tarry on the road. P.S. Have you heard lately of William You will tell Miss Maney that the little Haufman? Answer soon. Sam Kythlinger bird has been with Dada, telling me that is here yet. He sends his best respect. she has been naughty. It will always come and tell dada. At the heading, I had the ---  --- picture taken of that little Bird so she can see it.85 Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, If you received my second letter, you Washington, Nov. 30th, 1864 will have seen what I would wish to have our Veteran named. I don‘t think I dare Dear wife, call him little anymore for I think he will almost be big enough to handle a musket – Your letter dated the 27th is received. although I hope that he may never have I‘m glad to learn that all of you [are] occasion to do so. enjoying tolerable good health. It seems to me you trouble your head I can scarcely expect to hear of good about what people think of you having a health of your mother but hope that she baby. Well, to be plain, do you suppose may not get so as to confine her to bed. people take me to be a monster that would Further, I‘m glad that you received so not bestow affection on my wife as other soon my late letter with contents., man? I do pray let me hear no such talk although a mere trifle, but still it will be of anymore. I can assure you I‘m quite some assistance to you. satisfied with my boy and wife also. So I find in your last that I mistook a part now I think you can quiet yourself, you of your former letter, which I willingly accept, for I‘m more pleased to find that 85 This letter was written on stationary provided by no such ideas trouble your head, what I the U. S. Christian Commission. The letterhead had been alluding to. It was the passage in included a small drawing of a bird with a letter tied your letter asking what Mrs. & Mr. around its neck next to the words, ―U. S. Christian Commission sends this as the Soldier‘s messenger Schnoerr thought which brought me to to his Home. Let it hasten to those who wait for conclude as I did. tidings.‖ Last Thursday, Thanksgiving Day, we otherwise, even it is a wonder she kept up had, it is true, a grand dinner. Such we as long as she did. But I hope she may will call it, for getting in place of two soon recover, at least so much that it will slices of bread and a bite of meat, a piece not confine her long to bed. of turkey & a pie. This is certainly Sometimes I wish myself home with something extraordinary for a soldier. But you, but again I‘m satisfied that I am not alas, the poor fellows who eat in the mess there, for I would only make an increase to room had to wait in the first place until 2 your Hospital. [I] would be, therefore, a o‘clock for their dinner and, to make Evil very useless piece of furniture, for I am as worse, had to go that evening without helpless a being as when I left you. My supper. arm has not improved any since. It runs At the heading of this you will find just about the same. that I am still in my ward. It is not likely Last Saturday the men here in hospital that I will be sent out [of] it until I am got paid for the months they were ready to go for good. You will take it that mustered for. While I was at home, we I mean to say to go [to the] front. I expect who had been absent at mustering, of to go home some time between this and course, received no pay. But I shall April, for Dr. Randolph says I will not get endeavor to find out whether it can not be fit for front any more. He has sent on to obtained. If it can I will send it to you, for my regiment for descriptive list. As soon you will stand in need of it. You hardly as it comes he will take the proper steps can count on your own exertions. I for to get my discharge. Of course, it believe the young Veteran will stop you takes some time after that, for it has to go occasionally in your work, besides other through a confounded side of red tape. circumstances you not count upon. For But certain it is this cruel war will be over indeed, I must acknowledge that I fear for for me to participate in; certainly, I shall your mother; she may have a good deal of always feel the results of it. But hoping in hard time this winter. Of course, you will kind providence for the future, trusting He not let on to her. Try to keep her as will take care of mine & myself, I commit cheerful as possible. It may go better, you all to His keeping. perhaps, than we anticipate. I hope and pray that God, who has Your affectionate husband, blessed us with two fine children, may keep them in good health and, above all, preserve their mother in health for them, George Cramer and should the time come to return to you, that all may come right, at least better than ---  --- I sometimes hope for now. It seems my Bird is dissatisfied, not Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, mentioning her little brother in my last. Washington, Dec. 6th, 1864 Well, I don‘t know whether I‘m guilty of the accusation, for I think I surely said Dear wife, something about him. You may tell her that, if she is a right good girl, I like her as Yours of the 2nd inst. is received and much as I like her little brother. But if she am sorry to learn of the illness of your is bad, I will like her brother best. Last mother. But I hardly expected it week, that little bird has been with Dada and told me my Maney has been a pretty your old town of Carlisle. Hoping you good girl. The bird promised to come this may recover of your wound & soon get the week again and tell me how she will use of your arm again. behave. In request to your letter, I have I‘m sorry to learn of the death of Fred inquired all around. Having been here for Aichler‘s child, for it was a fine boy. No nearly 2 years, I consider myself … doubt Fred will take it hard, for it seemed scarcely much of an advice until I would that boys seemed to be his all. There is receive an answer to this letter. How one consolation for parents losing a child much money have you? I could better so young: their spirit went unspotted, give you an advice. You know everything untainted of sin, to Him from whence it is at such a high pitch, can scarcely know came. what a man in your circumstances could Hoping to hear of you soon, I close follow as I … at it is played out. As a with my Love to you all. salesman, you would not have use of your arm, which would be also a disadvantage Your affectionate husband, too. Any advice I can give would be a pleasure for me. We are doing a good business here. Mr. Prell, whom you well George Cramer know, [is a] clerk in our employ for over a year. N.B. The paper you spoke of in your I will close [and] wish you success. former letter did not reach me if you sent it. I suppose it was J.B. Bratton‘s Paper. I remain your friend, Probable that don‘t go well through our post offices. Such things is nothing new in this peculiar time. Joseph K. Amola

---  --- Enclose to you our card of business.

Jacksonville, Dec. the 11th, 1864 ---  ---

Mr. George Cramer Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Dec. 12th, 1864 Dear Friend, Dear wife, I am very glad to state [to] you that on [the] morning of the 9th inst. I received Your letter of the 9th is received. I am yours of the 2nd. You can imagine I was happy to learn that you and the little ones surprised to hear of you at my leisure. are getting along the way you state, also Several days before I read your letter, I that your mother has some improved since concluded to drop you a few lines to find your last and hope she may still get better. how you were getting along. You see I As to your inquiry about my arm, I will have still not forgotten you yet. Your state [that] when I come to the hospital letter was very much appreciated by me, with the arm unshinkled the doctor said but was sorry to hear of your misfortune, nothing about it. So I have it unshinkled which I learned of your wife when last in yet, which I think myself best, for certainly the arm wants the circulation of George Cramer the blood in it. You say you have a snow fifteen ---  --- inches deep at home. Well, we have no such depth. At present we have cold and Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, windy. Our hospital is worse than some Washington, Dec. 22nd, 1864 barns when it is windy. You say Mrs. Hofman got a letter from Dear wife, Schnoerrs telling that they had not heard of me since I left them. Well, that‘s true, I Having failed receiving a letter suppose; at least at the time they wrote to yesterday, being generally my mail day, I Mary they had not. But they got a letter take it for granted that yours got delayed from me ere this, long enough to answer or miscarried, so I thought I have to write. me, but the answer has not come yet. Next Sunday we will again be called Since I‘m here, my correspondents cost upon to keep in memory of the coming of me all already sixty cents. Well, to you I the Prince of Peace. But alas, it is not so must write, so my other acquaintances with us. Men still stand in hostile array, must make a little allowance, must not ready to strike destruction to men whom crumble. they are commanded, by him who Now I have a little word to say to Miss preached mercy and gives salvation, to Maney Cramer. That little bird has been love as thyself. Again is our National to see me again. It told me that Miss Counsel in session, but there is no sign in Maney don‘t want to rock her little brother their deliberation of conciliation, but strife sometimes. How is this, Miss Maney? to the bitter end, heedless of devastation, Well, if the bird tells me that again, deaf to the cry of the stricken, blind to the Mamma must send me little George. I can suffering of broken up families, not sell him here to old Abe and she must do heeding the widowed mother surrounded without a brother. I hope after this she by her wanting little ones. Still the cry is will be a good girl, obey her mama, and be three hundred thousand more! More war good to her little brother, and Dada will is the watch word, both North & South. love her ever so much. This, I suppose, you rather think a The money I could not get. They say discomforting congratulation of they won‘t pay anybody at present except Christmas. So it would be if we only look exchanged prisoners. Well, that‘s right. at [the] action of man. But there is a Those men ought to be paid before higher power, a more kind & more anybody else. merciful ruler than man, for whose Enclosed you find a few lines for protection and care we can & should be Jacob Hoffman which you will give him. thankful, although we have felt the evils of The weather we had of late undoubtedly war to some extent. But when I look brought him home. around, look over the past, I must Hoping to hear pleasing hews in your acknowledge that we have been favored next, you will accept my love. above what we could command. I do not deny that when I think how I will return to Your affectionate husband, my family, it makes me feel sad sometimes, but then again (knowing it might be worse) it is encouraging to trust I am sorry to state that we have again in God‘s care for the future. lost our Ward Surgeon, Dr. Randolph. Having said this much, and being Also has Dr. McCall, Surgeon in Charge assured you [will] respond to what I of Hospital, took leave of us yesterday expressed, I will say a happy Christmas to evening. I‘m the more sorry of this event you all, wishing you will kiss my little as my Descriptive List is here now and, ones for me. I, for my part, will try to feel just the day before the exception as happy as possible under the hope that I (acceptance?) of Dr. Randolph‘s may return ere very long to stay for good resignation, he took my card to make out a with those who are near & dear to me. In recommendation for discharge. In the mean time, I will say God bless you all consequence of the above mentioned, he & will close with my love. left before the letter was done. We have a new surgeon, but, being he is new, and Your affectionate husband, [the] change of [the] Surgeon in Charge of Hospital, it will retard business some. It may therefore be likely that I will have to George Cramer spend my winter in the hospital. Although I don‘t care much about the way my arm N. B. Did you receive my last, with a note is, probable it is best. This day my arm enclosed to Jacob Hofman? pains a good deal. It has an abscess again. This will be over, though, in two or three Buy something for my Bird with the days. I feel rather lazy, so I think I will enclosed. have to take a nap. I will close with my Love to all. ---  --- Your affectionate husband, Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, Dec. 25th, 1864 George Cramer Dear wife, ---  --- Having received yesterday your letter of the 16th, containing also a letter from Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, our old acquaintance Joe Arnold, I thought Washington, Dec. 29th, 1864 I will answer it, being that I stated in my last that I had not received it then, Dear wife, although I did not intend to write as soon. So, I say a merry Christmas to you all. As Your letter of the 23rd is received. I far as I‘m concerned, you must not think thank you for your kind wishes. Also am I that we have not Christmas here in Mount much obliged to my daughter & her little Pleasant. We had quite a respectable brother for their Christmas gift. I am only dinner here, about the same as we had on sorry that I can‘t send you & them a good last Thanksgiving. For respectable it is to New Year present. You know, though, be called, considering for the amount of yourself that we only will be mustered for men and under the disadvantages it has to pay [the] day after tomorrow, the last of be got up. the month. How long we may have to wait after that for pay, of course, no one he would have come to see me but could can tell, so we will have to make the best get no pass. of it until then. There is nothing new here beside war You seem to be proud of your young news which I believe you are in possession Soldier; the way he [is] getting along. I of, so I will close with a happy New Year hope he will continue so, and also hope to you all, hoping that God may be with you may be able to give me better news in us, and be merciful on all afflicted. your next about your mother. Especially do I pray he may stay the Tell Miss Maney that the little bird has ravages of this most cruel war, to bestow been here complaining about her, telling peace and prosperity to the country and me that Maney wishes her dada would cut comfort to the many stricken families. its head off. The bird says it is a real Accept my love for the children as shame, for it never tells stories about her. well as for yourself. It wants her to be a good girl, and also rock her little brother. Your affectionate husband, You say in your letter you wish I could be at home so you could nurse me. Well, I should think you have enough to nurse as George Cramer it is. I think it would rather be a bad go. I too wish to be at home, but rather not to ---  --- need a nurse. I don‘t think we could live nursing. When I get home, I like to be Mount Pleasant Hospital, able to make something to live on. It Jan. 8th, 1865 would be rather hard to eat away the piece of bread you & the children had. Dear wife, According to your statement, J. Hoffman got rich at once. Well, I hope he Your letter of the 4th I received. I will be able to pay for said property right believe it unnecessary to tell you that I‘m outside, for to pay heavy interest and keep sorry to hear of your mother‘s renewed a property in repair I always considered is Illness, and almost forced to think with enough to keep a poor man poor all the you that she will not stand it long. But days of his life. Jack could see that on his still, we must hope for the best. It may brother John. However, if wages keep on change for the better, which I sincerely as they are, Jack may do better. It may be hope. a good move. I do not doubt that you would like for I told you in one of my former letters me to come home. The way you are that I wrote to Schnoerrs, but have not situated, I do likewise. If you received my received an answer so far. Yesterday I last letter, you will have learned that I tried received a letter from John Eckert. Well, to accomplish it, but have failed so far. It he can‘t, nor undertakes to, write himself. seems I cannot gain any favors of my Well, the one [who] wrote for him is surgeon. It is true he did not directly equally as bad as himself. I scarcely can refuse me a recommendation for make it out. He is at Alexandra. [He] tells discharge, nor did he refuse directly a me not to take my discharge unless I get recommend[ation] for a furlough, but the the bounty. Further, [he] says not to write flimsy excuse he made, anybody would to him until I hear from him again. Also, take it as a refusal. I belief you know me enough that it is not given to me to kiss Dear friend, any person‘s b__, so I will have to wait for events. I do not say that circumstances I suppose you have come to the might not turn up that would force me to conclusion that we have all forgotten you, ask favors again[st] my inclination, but I but you are mistaken. Old Carlisle, and hope everything may go right yet. I shall the people there, are daily in our thoughts look on for a while yet. Should things not – especially our near neighbors. How oft I take a favorable turn, I shall try to get an think I hear Mrs. Felker coughing or Mary examination without the Ward Surgeon‘s singing her little tunes, and me thinks I recommend[ation], for I consider that a hear Mag R___ singing to her new baby. man who has served as long as I have, and I don‘t think we will be reconciled to in my situation, the proper authorities will this place in a hurry. It is so different to not deny an examination. I am willing to Carlisle, so far from what we expected. abide by the decision they may make. It is Perry County or Adams is before it in true, a man who is compelled to work out many things. If you would see what they his own way finds it more difficult to call a city here, you would laugh yourself succeed than a man will who is away. Why, the houses are as far apart as recommended. from where you live to Messersmiths. You may tell Miss Maney that her They are all built with gardens round dada is very sorry to say that the little bird them. More than two-thirds of them are told that she is a bad girl and that she little, low cottages. But of course, there won‘t obey you, nor rock her brother. are some extremely pretty houses You may tell her also that if she don‘t do notwithstanding. The people here are better, her dada will not like her one whit, great for copying after big city‘s, and that I will not come home to her anymore succeed pretty well in some things. For unless she will go and be a good girl. instance, there are letter boxes at every Today I received again a letter of John corner, and then your letters are brought to Eckert, but the person wrote it ought not your house. But there‘s no such things as write any letters for anybody. I cannot gas or brick pavements. The side-walks write to him, for it don‘t give his address. are a perfect nuisance. Lyd‘s long dresses My arm feels considerable better since catch on every occasion, and one‘s shoes day before yesterday. That morning, a never last much over a month or so. piece of bone worked out, rather got it Well, Mary, how are all the neighbors? pulled out. Since then it feels better. We should so like to know, is Ann Hoping to hear from you soon, you McCartney married? Or who goes with will accept love to all. Maze? Is Mag Richter‘s baby pretty? And what does she call it? Who lives in Your affectionate husband, the little brown houses of Dan Gekles‘s? And how does Dan and his wife get along? Does your mother and Mrs. Fleager still George Cramer keep better? Oh, but we should like to see you all again. ---  --- We have done very little of any consequence since we came out here but Mount Pleasant, Jan. 12th, 1865 cook and eat and clean. We have the whole house to clean every morning. It‘s much harder on women here than in [the] east, if they live as they should. I never Susan B. Richards saw so many lazy women in my life. They never think of doing anything for a living. ---  --- The men do most everything. You never see a woman milking or gardening. Mount Pleasant Hospital, Wash. The girls dress extremely well, though Jan. 15th, 1865 it‘s a very fashionable place, much more so in some ways than Carlisle. We really Dear wife, get tired of the people calling on us. Lyd has about fifty or a hundred girls to call Your letter of the 12th inst. I received on, and has more gentlemen on company Saturday last. I should have answered it than ever. Every night and day most she‘s yesterday, but I must acknowledge that going either to a skating party, sleigh ride, hospital life destroys all energy in [a] man. or a social party. She enjoys herself very There is nothing to do, and even [when] well indeed, and no wonder. something turns up which we ought to do, I think we were out of the ―frying pan we get too lazy to attend to it in proper into the fire‖ when we left Carlisle for time. here to live cheap. Flour is 12 dollars, I scarcely expected better news from pork 20 cents a pound, beef 10 cents, lard your mother, and only wish I could gratify 30, coffee 33, butter 33, sugar 40, eggs 30, her [by] coming home, but it is doubtful. chickens 25 cents a piece. The dry goods The same time, I would not know how I are perfectly awful: muslin is 75 cents a would benefit her or you more than my yard, and calico 30. Wood is six dollars presence. Well, I suppose this would be of per cord. We have no market house or we some consideration, but then again, to me it might get things cheaper. We cannot get would probably only make me feel my the dainties we get in Carlisle. helplessness more than I do here, for no Mary, would you be so kind as to send doubt it should make me feel miserable to me your hood pattern and one of Baer‘s lay about home and not be able to assist in Almanac‘s? We cannot get any here of anything. So let us consider our situation the right kind. Also, please send me a few in as good a light as possible and trust [a] ―parsley seeds‖ in your letter. I haven‘t better time may come for us yet. seen any since we came here and I am so My arm is doing tolerable well since fond of it. the piece of bone came out. I have since Lyd sends her love to all the neighbors considerable less pain. But what is the and wishes to know how her kitten is. most discouraging for me is there is no Poor Fido was left in Harrisburg but if he indication of getting any use of the arm or is living, we‘ll have him yet. But I must in the Hand. My fingers are as stiff as ever, close now as there‘s very little going on which greatly alarms me, thinking they here that would interest you. Please write might stay so, for it [is] almost eight to us very soon and tell us all about your months since I got wounded, and think little family. My love to all and keep a there ought to be some improvement in my large share for yourself. arm. This doubt and fear leads me to a good many speculations. Sometimes I Your friend, could rave for being compelled to remain here in the hospital, thinking if I was at home, I might have something done to the regiment should they ever lose him improve my arm. Then again the fear through further promotion. comes; I might fail in it which would, in I have brought my writing to a greater that case, probably be best for us to remain length than intended, and shall close by where I am. It‘s true you encourage me, saying tell my Bird to be a good girl and to saying you would be willing to share the love her little brother, and you will accept bread you had. Yes, that is very well, but, the love from ah, that, I belief, would become a bitter bite. God may prevent such a fate. Your affectionate husband, I know I feel very uncomfortable at present when I know that it takes all your time to attend to your little ones & mother. George Cramer And here I am; and the little aid in money I should give, I‘m deprived of doing for the ---  --- mere fact that I can‘t get it, that I got to wait till they see fit to pay me. How much Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, more so would it be should I come home Washington, Jan. 23rd, 1865 and should fail in getting enabled to earn a subsistence for myself & little ones. But I Dear wife, hope & pray Providence may will it for the best, not only that I may get enabled to This time I will have to commence to work some, but also guide me so to prove a write with an excuse, hoping you will kind husband & a good father. receive it as such. I should have written You seem to like receiving a letter of sooner, but here it is. I have been trying, Uncle Eckert. Well, this I can‘t let him as you know, all along to get a discharge. know, for I can‘t write to him, which I told When I found I could not obtain it as quick you in my last two letters. Besides, you as I would have it, I tried to get a furlough, know yourself he can‘t write to you which I also stated to you heretofore. But himself. He would probably have written it seemed I should be put back in this also. to you ere this if it wasn‘t for that, so you Knowing how matters stood at home led to will excuse him for the present. The last discourage me entirely. Well, I was ill- letter I had of him, I couldn‘t make out humored to everybody about me. To whether the writer wanted to tell me. He crown all, beginning last week it came to did intend, or had intended, to quit driving. quite a rupture between the doctor and There is nothing new I can inform you of in myself. Well, I did not feel like writing to this place – rather, prison. you under such circumstances. I thought I In the Philadelphia Inquirer of the 12th [would] keep it to myself; perhaps things inst. I see that Col. R. Coulter of the 11th would take a more favorable turn so that I Penn. Veteran Vol. has been promoted to could spare you of informing you of my Brevet Brigadier General for gallant unpleasant situation. Well, I bore the conduct in the several battles of the same the whole week – it‘s true, very Wilderness & Spotsylvania. You will sullen – but I am glad to be able at present remember that I told you that he was to inform you that I‘m pretty much out of wounded at the latter place on the 18th of my dilemma. Yesterday, the doctor took a May, five days previous to me. Well, he different turn; he came to me and told me I deserves it, but I should be sorry to learn of should come tomorrow to his room, [that] he will examine me to recommend me for money. The latter may be true or not. I‘m discharge. So, accordingly, I was sure it won‘t provide for the wants of examined today by him. While I was in families who are depending on this little his room, Dr. Grafft was present. I think support. Their government surely should he is a good friend of mine. He seemed to always bring that into consideration. be very particular about putting every A soldier is expected not to complain, point of my injury forth in the but how can I help it when I know my recommendation. I expect to get, in family must be suffering at home, and the course of the week, examined by Dr. same time the government owes me Allen, the Medical Director; and further almost three installments of bounty and expect to get home in course of three or seven months of pay? Well, of course the four weeks. whole don‘t amount to a large sum but it is I am further glad to state that this day too much for a soldier with a family to we signed the pay rolls and expect to get support to do without for that length of pay in a few days. I shall, of course, not time. I hope all this may come ere long to make any delay of writing. In the mean an end, for this way I‘m getting sick and time, I hope some of our friends will help tired of the service. you along, and I know they will if in their I have not heard anything of my case power. since I have been examined, but hope they Hoping you will be able to give me may see fit sometime or other to do some more cheering news regards your something in the case. You will tell Jacob mother. Tell her not to lose courage; she Hofman that I have been down in the city will see me yet. Not only see me, but with Hall & Eaton, inquiring about his hope she may recover again. claim. He told [me] he could do nothing This I wrote rather in haste to get it in the case up to now, for he had no power mailed. I hope you will be able to make it of attorney; but now, since I could furnish out. Trusting that you and our dear him with such, he could act. I am to call children are well, I remain yours in [a] couple of weeks to his office again. Until then, I can‘t say how I will make out Affectionately, etc. for him. Hoping this short letter may find you all well – but it‘s rather more than I dare George Cramer hope for your mother. But with my best wishes for all, I will close with my love. ---  --- Your affectionate husband, Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D. C., Feb. 4th, 1865 George Cramer Dear wife, ---  --- We are at the beginning of another week, but still we are unpaid yet, although Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, the rumor is from one day to the other we Washington, D. C., Feb. 13th, 1865 will be paid tomorrow. However, this has changed some: now it is they are out of Dear wife, ---  --- Your letter of the 9th came to hand. I am sorry to learn that your mother is still Mount Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, getting worse. I am afraid that I shall not Washington, D. C., Feb. 19th, 1865 be able to get home soon enough to gratify her wish. But Mary, tell her I tried my Dear wife, best to do so, and may probably succeed yet. Today I took your last letter and went I have been delaying writing for to Dr. Allen, Surgeon in Charge, and several day[s], expecting to hear from you, stated my case, that he had examined me but the looked-for missive did not arrive last Wednesday two weeks, and requested so I concluded to write. him to do what he can, that is to urge my You will not understand of me case. Well, he was very kind to me. He complaining that you don‘t write often called a clerk and ask[ed] him how it enough, for I know that you have not comes that I was not discharged yet. The much unoccupied time, but the same time, clerk told him that my papers must have you know a person likes to get letters gone down to the department for to get often. I‘m glad that you received the signed. But mark, I believe that clerk money and hope you will manage to get didn‘t speak the truth, for he didn‘t seem through with, at least with the most to know anything about the case. I believe pressing demands, until I get discharged the papers had not been made out at all, and get settled up with the government, for those scoundrels lay about in the office which I hope will not last very long doing nothing. Had he acknowledged that anymore. But still I could not tell you of they were not made out yet, the Dr. would any special time. merely have ordered him to make them out In my former letter, I stated to you that immediately. But this way, as the doctor I did try to get home sooner, and also was made [to] believe that they were sent stated too how far I succeeded. If they down to be signed, of course he told me I don‘t give it to me within this month, I should better wait. Now, as true as I have don‘t know whether I should expect of it eyes in my head, that clerk lied, for my before the month of April. If I was not eyes seldom deceive me. But still, I hope sick and tired of hospital life, I would not it may have some effect to stir them up. If take until then – this would be on account they don‘t, I‘ll catch them yet. of money matters. But they feed us so I have not received an answer to the miserable here that a change of it would be money I sent you, but hope I will get it most welcome, so I do wish I would get tomorrow. In case you have it not yet, let out of it as soon as possible. me know and I will send you the receipt of Hoping to hear of you before long, I it. will close with this short epistle, and It‘s getting dark, so I close with my remain love. Your affectionate husband, Your[s] affectionately,

George Cramer George Cramer ---  --- Hoping to hear better news in your Mount Pleasant Hosp., Ward 2, next than the last, I remain, as ever, Wash. D.C., Febr.21st, 1865 Your affectionate husband, Dear wife,

Your letter of the 17th I received George Cramer yesterday, in which I learn that you have quite a hospital, but sincerely hope by this ---  --- time it will be other than you described it, at least as far as yourself & children are Carlisle, Feb. 22nd, 1865 [concerned]. As for your mother, it‘s more than I expect, that her condition will Dear Husband, be much for the better, if so as you represented. I only hope she will get I received your letter today and relieved of pain. It seems strange to me thought I would have to answer it right that she still suffers so much pain as you away, as you say you did not get my last. tell me, for I believe, as a general thing, But I think you have it by this time, for I consumptive person[s] do not suffer, to always answer all your letters. If I can‘t say, great pains. I certainly do not doubt write much, I then make little do. It is true that her case has turned to consumption. I have very little spare time night or day, I belief that I did mention in a former for I have got to wait on the sick and well letter that John Eckert has been to see me both. and that he intends to quit driving and Mother is worse. The last three days, intends to visit Carlisle sometime in the her hands and feet are both very much month of March. I hope I may get home swelled and I think that is bad. She is still too, but their is still a uncertainty about the in hopes of getting to see you, which I time, but I hope I will bare it patiently. hope will be true. I am still in hopes you Tomorrow I shall go down to the city will be home this month. We will give again to look after Jacob Hofman‘s claim. you hearty welcome if you do. I will I will let him know in my next what I learn make room for you in my hospital and will of it tomorrow. try and make a good steward for you all. In one of your letters, I see that Miss My Little Soldier has got better. You Man[e]y don‘t like to be called May. will be surprised to see him, and proud of Well, I told you when I proposed it she him, for he is a fine, big boy. should not be called thus against her will, With the money you sent, I done as I but you will tell her the little bird has been thought was right. I gave Ms. Fleager 20 telling me that she has been bad, and the Dollars of it, and Jacob Hoffman the five I same time wishes to kill the bird. If she got from him, and I paid my last ton of don‘t do better, she won‘t be My Girl at coal and ought to have another, and there all; you will send her down here and I will is not a coal in town for the cars could not sell her to old Abraham. I suppose he will run on account of the bad weather. This give her then to some big fat nigger. has been the hardest winter in my time. Has our little George become a There is a little stir among the people Christian, or is he yet a heathen? Has he on account of the Draft. There will forty- been baptized? two be taken out of here. They are going I sincerely hope that I may succeed of to draft here on the first of March. getting my papers tomorrow or day after, I hope before this reaches you, you and then go down city and settle up with will be ready to come home. I must close, the government so that I may be able to for my boy is getting awake. Accept my reach home at the close of the week. love and a good night When I get off from here, I promise that I will not stop long at Baltimore. From your affectionate wife, Trusting that you [n]or I will get disappointed this time, I remain, as ever

Mary Cramer Your affectionate husband,

---  --- George Cramer Mt. Pleasant Hospital, Ward 2, Washington, D.C., Feb. 26th, 1865

Dear wife,

Your letter of the 22nd I received yesterday evening, in which I see that you still hope that I may get home this month yet. I scarcely think you will be gratified in this, for you must remember there is only two days in this month yet. But I hope this will relief your, and also your mother‘s, anxiety when I tell you that my papers are ready in the office, all to be signed by Dr. Allen. I may probable get them tomorrow; then the same time, I may not get them before Saturday. If I don‘t get them before that time, it will not be my fault. I also see in yours how ready you are to receive me into your hospital, promising to nurse me well. Well, I must say I rather dislike hospital life by this time, and hope that, before a great while, to get able so as to dispense getting nursed. For I think you got quite enough of that on hand without addition, and the same time I think we could not live at that. On the contrary, I hope that I may get enabled to go home and get into something to make a living for my family instead of becoming a burden on their hand.