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MasseyThe magazine for alumni and friends of Massey University | Issue 27 | May 2010 fire down below living with volcanoes Choosing the right track Steven Joyce: from turntable to cabinet table Plus: saying when + the joy of sects + tiger country | MASSEY | April 2010 | 1 When we New Zealanders are trying to establish our credentials as a socially progressive nation, one of the ‘firsts’ we tend to mention (along with the introduction of votes for women in 1893) is the introduction of a state-funded old age pension in 1898, making us the first British country to bring in such a measure. There were, however, some buts when it came to that pension: to be eligible you had to be poor and deserving and you had to be old, remarkably old, by which I mean over 65. In 1898 the average life expectancy was in the mid-fifties, and a government could confidently vote in an old age pension knowing that few of its population would live to collect it. Contrast that with today. If someone now dies at the age of 65 it is not unusual for them to be described as dying young. In 2007 the average life expectancy stood at 78 for men and 82 for women. We are living longer and, by and large, we are living healthier. Why this vast leap in life expectancy? Partly one can thank advances in clinical medicine – many of us owe our lives to antibiotics. But equally, if not more, we owe the ‘years in our life’ and ‘the life in our years’ to measures that fall within the domain of public health: vaccination programmes, occupational and consumer safety measures, cleaner air and water, better nutrition, the promotion of healthy lifestyles, the success of anti-smoking legislation... the list goes on. Over the past two decades, Massey has amassed a distinguished record in public health research, with a number of independent centres working on particular areas of expertise. Now these centres, while retaining their autonomy, have been brought together under an overdue Massey School of Public Health, headed by Associate Professor Cindy Kiro, the former Commissioner for Children. Within their ambit falls research into such things as the critical role of sleep in health, the incidence and causes of asthma, cross cultural health service provision, changing patterns of illicit drug use, and our society’s vexed relationship with that licit drug, alcohol. It seems appropriate then that this issue of Massey begins with an interview with the School of Public Health’s Professor Sally Casswell, an internationally renowned expert on alcohol policy. With the alcohol debate in New Zealand about to enter a new phase, it is required reading. Steve Maharey Vice-Chancellor The Main Building in 1962 as featured on the cover of the New Zealand Journal of Agriculture 2 | MASSEY | April 2010 | CONTENTS >> FIRST PERSON Saying when New Zealand’s alcohol problem – and why we probably won’t do 2 enough to fix it. A conversation with Professor Sally Casswell. >> FEATURES Choosing the right track Steven Joyce’s path from Masskeradio to cabinet minister. 14 Massey is published twice yearly by Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, The joy of sects 19 New Zealand Dr Heather Kavan is fascinated by religious experience. www.massey.ac.nz Website: news.massey.ac.nz Tiger country Editor: Malcolm Wood Dr Brendan Moyle investigates the black market for tiger products. 22 [email protected] Writers: Kereama Beal, Lindsey Birnie, Kathryn Farrow, Fire down below James Gardiner, Bryan Gibson, Paul Mulrooney, 24 Jennifer Little, Lana Simmons Donaldson, Amanda Professor Shane Cronin and the volcanoes of the Pacific rim of fire. McAuliffe, Sonia Yoshioka-Braid Photographers : Graeme Brown, Doug Cole, Mark >> DEPARTMENTS Coote, David Wiltshire Design : Grant Bunyan Directions 5 For changes of address or to send in your news visit Findings 8 alumnionline.massey.ac.nz or e-mail [email protected]. Distinguished Alumni Awards 10 Copyright: You are generally welcome to reproduce material from Massey, provided you first gain Bookshelf 36 permission from the editor. Alumni Notes and News 39 Above: John Dawick as Richard III in a 1973 production outside the Main Building entrance. Plans are afoot to restore and renovate the Main Building and the Refectory. These two emblematic Manawatu campus buildings were designed in the 1920s by the then New Zealand-based American architect Roy Lippincott, New Zealand’s only direct link to the celebrated Chicago School architects Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Burley Griffin. Left to right: Lord Bledisloe at the opening of the Main Science Building on 30 April 1931; the library in the Main Building; in the dressing room of the Drama Society’s 1979 production Love for Love, staged in the Grid Theatre; the Refectory in the 1950s; cartoon from Bleat, “World Workers Removing Hostel Steam Pudding to Dominion Museum.“ Images supplied by Massey Archives. || MASSEYMASSEY | | AprilApril 2010 2010 | | 1 FIRST PERSON | ALCOHOL REGULATION n matters to do with the understanding up licensing laws, allowing the sale of first of alcohol and public health, Professor wine and then beer from supermarkets, and Sally Casswell has a reputation to be dropping the minimum age of purchase reckoned with. from 20 to 18. The consequences for public IIn a June 2009 issue given over to alcohol health? A growing consensus seems to be that Saying and public health, The Lancet – the world’s matters have gone too far. oldest and best known medical journal – ran In 1994 Casswell – who, incidentally, a laudatory profile of her subtitled “champion neither abstains from alcohol herself nor for communities tackling alcohol”. A few moralises about its use – was a coauthor of months later she was appearing in a New the book Alcohol and the Public Good, and, when Scientist editorial in connection with the in 2003, of Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity, drafting of the World Health Organisation’s republished early this year in a revised first global strategy on reducing health edition. damage from alcohol. Casswell was a member of the WHO’s And as well as being an eminent researcher, expert committee that reported on alcohol- Casswell is the director of the highly related harm in 2008 and has been working successful Centre for Social and Health towards the drafting and international Outcomes and Evaluation (SHORE) based adoption of global strategy to reduce the in central Auckland. harmful use of alcohol. Born in Britain, Casswell arrived in New The strategy will be useful, but Casswell Zealand in the early 1970s as a postgraduate hopes it will not take the place of her larger, student, first studying the effects of cannabis long-term goal (the subject of a paper for her PhD and then turning her attention coauthored by her in that same issue of to alcohol and public health. The Lancet): a legally-binding international Her interest was timely. The 1974 report Framework Convention on Alcohol Control, of a Royal Commission ushered in the much like the successful Framework liberalisation of licensing laws – soon there Convention on Tobacco Control. were thousands of licensed sports bars, On the eve of the Law Commission’s hundreds of BYO restaurants, and many more recommendations on the reform of licensed restaurants – and further rounds New Zealand’s liquor laws, she spoke to of liberalising reforms followed, freeing Malcolm Wood. According to legend, you began your career as them and the policy response. But alcohol has Talking of the comparison, I see the term ‘passive a researcher with a freezer full of marijuana. an enormous amount of harm associated with drinking’ is now cropping up in the alcohol I did. Cannabis was of great interest in the its use. It is a historical accident, if you like, that regulation debate. What exactly does it mean? ’70s. When I first arrived in New Zealand I it is a legal drug and widely used. In the work we do I always refer to ‘alcohol and other drugs’ For a long time we have looked at the health got some Medical Research Council funding of the drinker, but ignored the family, the and a licence from the Department of Health, as the topic we work on to reinforce the notion that alcohol is a drug. workmates, the other people around the as it was then, and for my PhD I measured the heavy drinker. These people, even if they don’t effect of cannabis on reaction time, cognitive In public health terms, how does alcohol drink themselves, are being affected by alcohol behaviour and psychomotor skills generally. compare with that other legal-and-damaging consumption. This is sometimes being called Why the shift to alcohol research? drug tobacco? ‘passive drinking’. I was interested in recreational drug use and Tobacco is responsible for a higher degree In one of our Health Research Council (HRC) I realised that alcohol was the big one: that of premature mortality. But if you look at funded projects we have found a relationship was where a lot of the public health issues lay. disability-adjusted life years – that is not just between having a heavy drinker in your the years of life lost but the impact on quality surroundings and overall life satisfaction similar So you don’t make much distinction between of life following things like injury from driving to that of looking after people with disabilities. alcohol and other recreational drugs? while alcohol-impaired or violence while under This is interesting research from a policy They all have different impacts, and that has to the influence of alcohol – then alcohol and perspective because those people who are stuck be taken into account when thinking about tobacco are very similar.