Churches, Catholic Churches, Protestant Churches, Mosques, the Choral Synagogue and the Buddhist Datsan

Home , Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Alexander Nevsky Square, Chesme Church, Datsan Gunzechoinei, Domenico Trezzini, Edinoverie

Chairman of the Committee for Tourism Development in Saint Petersburg Е. V. Pankevich Glad to welcome guests of Saint Petersburg! Saint Petersburg has always been the center of spiritual life of representatives of various confessions that co-exist in peace and harmony. Th at is testifi ed by proximity of diff erent confessions temples situated sometimes in the same street. Today in the city there are about three hundred active cult buildings among which can be found orthodox churches, catholic churches, protestant churches, mosques, the Choral Synagogue and the Buddhist datsan. Having passed the test of time, many of them are still functioning. In Saint Petersburg monasteries there are venerated shrines and burials of famous persons. From year to year a multitude of tourists comes to Saint Petersburg to worship unique relics. I am sure that such aspect of Saint Petersburg will be interesting to be discovered by many guests of the city. Th e routes presented in this brochure are unique and they will help you to discover the city from a new aspect. Saint Petersburg is a marvelous city in which you can fully observe interlacing and co-existence of a multitude of cultures, and all that is open for you – our guests. Welcome to Saint Petersburg! Head of the Department for Relations with Religious Associations of the Administration of the Governor of St. Petersburg V. G. Ivanov Th is edition is a unique gift presented by the confessions of our city to the next birthday of St. Petersburg. In addition to information about the main temples of religions that are traditionally present on the banks of the Neva, it provides an overview of interesting excursion programs, including the “Temples of Nevsky Avenue”. Th e originality of this “Temples of Nevsky Avenue” route prepared by the joint eff orts of Christian confessions is in a verifi ed combination of scientifi c methodology and a sincere, lively story of the religious culture bearers. Th is whole collection manifests the essence and spirit of Saint Petersburg. St. Petersburg, founded as the capital of the Orthodox Russian Empire and today it is the synodal capital of Russia. At the same time, Petersburg was and remains a multi-confessional city. Th is unique combination has defi ned a special atmosphere of our city which is known and valued all over the world. I am sure that knowledge of the temple treasures of the city will serve to strengthen peace and harmony in Russian society.

Contents

Orthodoxy ...... 8 Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church ...... 11 Th e Imperial Memorial Cathedral of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (Petropavlovsky) ...... 12 Cathedral of St. Reverend Isaac of Dalmatia (“Saint Isaac’s Cathedral”) ...... 14 Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ (Savior-on-the-Blood) ...... 17 Monasteries ...... 19 Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra ...... 20 Novo-Devichy Resurrection Convent of the Maidens ...... 23 Holy Trinity St. Sergius Maritime Men’s Hermitage ...... 25 Convent of St. John of Rila on the Karpovka River ...... 27 Cathedrals ...... 29 Kazan Cathedral ...... 30 Cathedral of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God ...... 33 Th e Resurrection Smolny Cathedral ...... 35 St. Prince Vladimir Cathedral ...... 37 Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Ligovsky Avenue and Tikhvin Church ...... 39 St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral ...... 41 St. Andrew’s Cathedral and the Th ree Ecumenical Holy Hierarchs’ Church ...... 43 Holy Trinity Cathedral of the Izmailovsky Leib Guard Regiment ...... 46 Holy Transfi guration Cathedral ...... 48 St. Sampson’s Cathedral ...... 50 Th e Cathedral of the Feodorovskaya Icon of Our Lady in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty ...... 52 Churches...... 54 Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the Vasilievsky Island ...... 56 Church of the Epiphany on the Gutui Island ...... 57 Th e Church of the Resurrection of Christ of the Temperance Association .....58 Church of All Saints Who Shone Forth in the Russian Land ...... 59 Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary at St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University ...... 60 4 Contents

Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist on the Kamenny Island ...... 61 Church of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist (“Chesmensky”) ...... 62 Church of Saint Elijah the Prophet at the gun powder factory...... 64 Church of the Holy Righteous Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess ...... 65 Church of the Holy Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon ...... 66 Church of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine on the Vasilievsky Island ...... 67 Church-Chapel of the Holy Trinity ...... 68 Th e Holy Trinity Church in the form of an Easter Cake and Easter curd pudding ...... 69 Church of the Holy Martyr Isidor of Yuryev (St. Isidor Church) ...... 70 Church of the Mandylion in Konyushennaya Square ...... 71 Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God on the Vasilievsky Island ...... 72 Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin on the Vasilievsky Island ...... 73 Saint Blessed Xenia Chapel ...... 75 St. Nicholas Cathedral of Common Faith ...... 76 Old Ritual ...... 77 Churches...... 81 Church of the Icon of Our Lady of the Sign at the Kazan cemetery ...... 81 Church of the Icon of Our Lady of the Sign in Tverskaya Street ...... 83 Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary (of the Belaya Krinitsa Creed) ...... 85 Ligovskaya Old Believer Community ...... 86 Armenian Apostolic Church ...... 87 Churches...... 91 St. Catherine’s Church ...... 91 Church of the Holy Resurrection ...... 93 Catholicism ...... 94 Churches...... 99 Basilica of St. Catherine of Alexandria ...... 99 Church of Our Lady of Lourdes ...... 101 Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary ...... 103 5 Contents

Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus...... 105 Church of St. Stanislaw the Bishop ...... 106 Church of the Visitation of Elizabeth by the Blessed Virgin Mary ...... 108 Lutheranism ...... 110 Churches...... 115 Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Peter and Paul (Peterskirche) ...... 115 Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Anne ...... 117 Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Catherine ...... 118 Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Mary (Finnish) ...... 119 Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Catherine (Swedish) ...... 120 St. Michael’s Evangelical Lutheran Church ...... 121 Judaism...... 123 Cult buildings ...... 127 Great Choral Synagogue ...... 127 Small synagogue ...... 129 Congregation of Georgian Jews ...... 130 House of Ablution and Burial at Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery ...... 131 Islam ...... 132 Mosque ...... 136 Cathedral Mosque ...... 136 Buddhism ...... 138 Datsan ...... 142 Datsan Gunzechoinei ...... 142 Excursions to religious St. Petersburg...... 144 “Confessions of St. Petersburg” ...... 145 “Temples of Nevsky Avenue” ...... 146 “Heavenly patrons of St. Petersburg” ...... 148 “Th e path of Alexander Nevsky” ...... 150 State Museum of the History of Religion ...... 154 Museum of the History of the St. Petersburg diocese ...... 156 Museum of antiquities of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra...... 156 Pilgrim coordination center of St. Petersburg diocese ...... 160

6 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy

Th e history of St. Petersburg Synod was taken on. In order diocese as an independent entity to exercise control over it, Pe- goes back to September 1, 1742. ter, whose experience taught not However, according to the leg- to trust his offi cials, on May 11, end, even St. Andrew the Apostle 1722 created the position of chief visited these lands and even vis- procurator. He had at his disposal ited the place of the future cap- a synodal offi ce and was obliged ital of the Russian Empire. Th e to be “at meetings of the pres- legend connects the fates of the ence” of the Holy Synod. During northwestern Russian lands with the Synodal period of Church the fi rst disciple of Christ, who history, thirty-four people held blessed not only Kiev (where An- the position of chief prosecutor drew the Apostle came from the of the Holy Synod. Crimea), but also those places On January 25, 1721, the fol- where St. Petersburg, the – new lowing persons were appoint- capital of the Russian state, was ed to the Holy Synod members: founded aft er almost eighteen President – Metropolitan Ste- centuries. fan (Yavorsky), two vice-presi- Until 1721, these lands were dents – Archbishops Th eodosi- administered by the Novgorod us (Yankovsky) and Th eophan eparchs. (Prokopovich), four advisers On January 25, 1721, the Tsar from archimandrites and four issued a manifesto on opening assessors. Th e bishops took plac- the Th eological Collegium, and es in the Holy Synod in accord- on February 14, 1721, its grand ance with the seniority of their opening was held in St. Peters- dioceses. In 1763, under Empress burg. Instead of the Th eological Catherine II, the Holy Synod was Collegium, the name of the Holy limited to six members (three 8 Orthodoxy bishops, two archmandrites, and By the beginning of the 20th one protopresbyter). Aft er 1819, century, nominal leadership of the metropolitans of Moscow and the Metropolitan by the Holy Kiev became permanent mem- Synod became the norm. Th e St. bers of the Holy Synod. Th e re- Petersburg Metropolitan, like any maining hierarchs and priests bishop of the Orthodox Russian who took part in the work of the Church, was appointed “by de- Holy Synod were called attend- cree of His Imperial Majesty.” ees. In 1835, the emperor In November 1917, the Patri- Since the time of Emperor arch was elected for the fi rst time Nicholas I, secular authorities in 217 years at the Local Council. have carefully watched the com- Metropolitan of Moscow Tikhon position of the Holy Synod to became Patriarch. On January 20, change more oft en, and since the 1918, the Synod was abolished by second half of the 19th century it a decree of Soviet power. has become a tradition to appoint Th e Local Council of 1917– its members for two, rarely for 1918 adopted a new ecclesiastical three years. Aft er 1885 and until law, according to which the Syn- the reign of Emperor Nicholas II, od of Bishops and the Supreme the representatives of the secular Church Council were established clergy were no longer appoint- under the Patriarch. ed to the composition of those However, this fundamentally present in the Holy Synod. Under new system of church adminis- Nicholas II, the representatives of tration failed to be implemented: the secular clergy were admitted civil war and Bolshevik perse- to the Holy Synod as an excep- cution made it impossible to im- tion. At diff erent times, it was at- plement the planned reform. For tended by protopresbyters of the some time, the Renovationists, military and naval clergy, proto- who considered Petrograd their presbyters of the court clergy, and “stronghold” and enjoyed the pa- in 1908, the protopriest John of tronage of the Soviet authorities in Kronstadt, who had all-Russian the 1920s, gained signifi cant infl u- fame, was appointed to attend. ence in the church life of the city. 9 Orthodoxy

Alexis I (Simansky) (1877–1970), patriarch of Moscow and All Russia

Metropolitan Alexis (Siman- In 2013, by his decision, sky) managed to survive the era the St. Petersburg diocese was of persecution and to preserve the transformed into an archdio- Leningrad diocese. Aft er the death cese consisting of four dioces- of Patriarch Sergius, it was His Em- es – one city and three region- inence Alexis, who was elected by al ones. In addition to the city the Local Council on February 4, diocese of St. Petersburg and 1945, Patriarch of Moscow and Ladoga, the dioceses of Vyborg All Russia , holding primacy for and Priozersk, Tikhvin and Lo- a quarter century. From the war deinoye Polye, Gatchina and years until today, the Leningrad – Luga now exist and are inde- St. Petersburg Metropolitans have pendently ruled. The head of always been permanent members the St. Petersburg Archdiocese of the Holy Synod of the Russian is the Metropolitan of St. Pe- Orthodox Church. tersburg and Ladoga. 10 Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church

Th e Imperial Memorial Cathedral of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (Petropavlovsky) Address: Peter and Paul Fortress Telephone: 498-05-50 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.spbmuseum.ru

Opened: Weekdays 10:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m., Saturday 10:00 a.m.–5:45 p.m. Sunday 11:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m. seven days a week.

Worships: by a special schedule.

Th e Peter and Paul Cathedral Domenico Trezzini, an Italian since its creation in 1733 has be- architect who was in charge of come one of the main symbols the construction of the fortress. of the northern capital of Russia. On July 12 (new style), 1733, the And today, the golden spire of the church was consecrated by Arch- cathedral with the fi gure of a fl ying bishop Theophan Prokopovich angel is one of the tallest architec- in the presence of the Synod and tural structures in St. Petersburg. the Imperial Court. Its height is 122.5 meters. Th e Peter and Paul Cathedral, The first wooden church in as the main church of the capital the name of the Holy First-Hi- and the court cathedral, was built erarchal Apostles Peter and Paul under the direct supervision of was laid in the fortress founded the Tsar himself. Th e architecture by Peter I on the Hare Island a and decoration of Peter and Paul month after the city foundation Cathedral became a model for the in 1703. The modest church did entire church construction of the not last long, in 1712, Peter laid northern capital, and later for the the foundation to a Baroque-style whole of Russia in the fi rst third of stone cathedral. Its author was the 18th century. 12 Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church

From the very beginning of In total, by the end of the 19th St. Petersburg diocese in 1742, Peter century, there were 46 burial plac- and Paul Church became the cathe- es in the burial vault, including dral church. It was never offi cially the Grand Dukes and Princess- deprived of this status, although in es – children and grandchildren the 19th century, the metropolitan of emperors. In 1901, the Grand department was transferred fi rst Duke’s Burial Vault was laid east to Kazan Cathedral and then to of the cathedral. Th ere was also St. Isaac’s Cathedral. the third altar of the cathedral in Th e main altar of the church honor of the Holy Prince Alexan- is consecrated in the name of the der Nevsky. Aft er the revolution, Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. all the graves and the church altar Th ere was the second altar of the in the burial vault were destroyed; church in the southwestern part the building housed the exposi- of the cathedral, in the aisle of the tion of the City History Museum Holy Great Martyr Catherine. for a long time. Th e cathedral, which became In May 1992, Grand Duke a monument of Russian military Vladimir Kirillovich Romanov was glory, kept military trophies of the buried in the Grand Duke’s Burial Russian army, including relics such Vault, then the ashes of his parents as Swedish fl ags and standards tak- were transferred here, and gradual en near Poltava and during other restoration of the lost tombstones battles during the Northern War, began. as well as the keys to cities and for- Th e last burial in Peter and tresses taken in wars with Sweden Paul Cathedral took place in 2006, and Turkey. By decree of Peter I, the when the ashes of Empress Maria cathedral became the burial vault of Fedorovna, the wife of Emperor Russian emperors and members of Alexander III, were transferred the royal family. All the Russian em- from Copenhagen. perors are buried here, except Peter Since the 1990s, funeral servic- II, who died and was buried in Mos- es for Russian emperors began to cow, and John Antonovich, who was regularly take place in Peter and killed in Schlusselburg. Th e ashes of Paul Cathedral. Th e fi rst episcopal Nicholas II and his family are buried celebration of the divine liturgy in the cathedral aisle, the remaining with live television broadcasting in emperors and empresses are resting the Peter and Paul Cathedral was in the main hall. held in 1999 on Christmas holiday. 13 Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church

Cathedral of St. Reverend Isaac of Dalmatia (“Saint Isaac’s Cathedral”) Address: 4, Isaakiyevskaya sq. Telephone: 315-97-32 E-mail: offi [email protected] http://cathedral.ru

Opened: daily, from 10:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., day-off is Wednesday.

Worships: by a special schedule.

Th e fi rst St. Isaac’s church was of the northern capital, and the created in 1707 by decree of Peter Emperor Alexander I announced I in the name of the heavenly pa- its reconstruction. Many famous tron of Tsar – Reverend Isaac of architects took part in the com- Dalmatia. Th e church was remade petition, but they did not fulfi ll from a drawing barn located next the Tsar’s main requirement – to the Admiralty. Emperor Peter I to preserve the altar part of the and Empress Ekaterina Alekseev- old cathedral in the new cathe- na wedded in this church. dral in memory of great ancestors. Th e second stone cathedral Th e monarch entrusted this to the was erected by the architect young French architect Auguste G. I. Mattarnovi near the Neva de Montferrand, his project for embankment. rebuilding the church received the Th e third church began to be Highest approval. built during the reign of Empress Th e construction, which began Catherine II under the project of in 1818, lasted for forty years and Antonio Rinaldi, and in a simpli- was carried out under the three fi ed form was completed by the emperors – Alexander I, Nicholas I architect V. Brenna under Paul I. and Alexander II. Th e cathedral did not correspond Montferrand made an extraor- to the ceremonial appearance dinary decision: to install columns 14 Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church

before erecting walls. In March images – Gualtieri and A. I. Iva- 1822, in the presence of the impe- nov, painted by – F. D. Danilov. rial family and a crowd of citizens, Th e faint smell of incense, the fi rst column was raised. Th e which is captured in the cathe- last one was installed only 8 years dral, is emitted by malachite plates aft er, and only then the construc- adorning the columns of the main tion of walls began. At the end altar. Th e masters fastened them of construction, a huge spherical with a special composition. dome with a diameter of 22 me- Due to the fact that St. Isaac’s ters was raised to the roof. Cathedral was built for an unu- Th e construction of the ca- sually long time, there were ru- thedral was completed in 1848, mors in St. Petersburg that the but 10 years more were needed construction was deliberately for interior decoration. Th e sol- delayed, since the chief architect emn opening and consecration of of St. Isaac’s Cathedral, Auguste St. Isaac’s Cathedral, which was Montferrand, was predicted that proclaimed the cathedral of the he would be alive as long as the ca- Russian Orthodox Church, took thedral was being built. Perhaps, place on June 11 (May 30, on old this is a coincidence, but a month style),1858. aft er the construction of St. Isaac’s Th e height of Saint Isaac’s Ca- Cathedral, which became the ar- thedral is 101.5 meters. Th e cathe- chitect life’s work, Auguste Mont- dral is the fourth in the world in ferrand died. terms of its size. With an area of Members of the royal family 4000 square meters, it can accom- were baptized in St. Isaac’s Cathe- modate up to 12,000 people. 400 dral; it became the center of city kg of gold, 16 tons of malachite, holidays. 500 kg of lazurite and a thousand However, scaff olding has not tons of bronze went to the cathe- been removed from it for a long dral interior. About 300 statues time. It was said that the build- and high reliefs were cast, the mo- ing was built in bad faith and re- saic occupied an area of 6.5 thou- quires constant repair. Money for sand square meters. the cathedral was not spared. Th e Th e sculptural decoration legend was born that the house of of this temple was performed the Romanov would fall as soon as by K. Albany, P. P. Sokolov and the scaff olding would be removed I. Schwartz, stucco – Bernasconi, from St. Isaac’s Cathedral. Th ey 15 Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church

were removed completely by 1916 the basement of Isaac, where the only, just before the abdication of non-evacuated museum values Nicholas II. were stored. Since the German In the fi rst years of Soviet pow- pilots used the cathedral dome er, the church remained functional as a guide, they did not shoot but the state did not fi nance it, and directly at the cathedral, and the all church values were withdrawn warehouse remained unscathed. by the state. In 1931, an anti- However, the cathedral still suf- religious museum was opened in fered during the war: the frag- the building. One of the key ex- ments that exploded near the hibits was the 90-meter Foucault church damaged the columns, pendulum suspended from the and the cold (during the years of cathedral dome, the pendulum the blockade Isaac did not heat) proved the fact of the Earth’s rota- damaged the wall paintings. tion around its axis. In 1990 church services were During the Great Patriotic resumed, and currently they are War, there was a warehouse in held daily.

16 Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church

Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ (Savior-on-the-Blood) Address: 2B, Griboedov Canal emb. Telephone: 315-16-36 E-mail: offi [email protected] http://cathedral.ru Opened: daily, from 10:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., day-off is –Wednesday. Worships: by a special schedule. One of the most beautiful in large quantities from diff erent churches of the city, Savior-on- provinces. the-Blood, was constructed for 24 Alexander III announced a years, from 1883 to 1907. competition for the church pro- On March 1, 1881, the mem- ject, which would incorporate the ber of the Russian conspirational features of Russian architecture of revolutionary society “People’s the 17th century churches. It was Freedom” Ignaty Grinevitsky fa- selected the project of the archi- tally wounded Tsar Alexander II. tect Alfred Parland and the rec- Th e Church of the Savior-on-the- tor of the Trinity-Sergius hermit- Blood was erected at the direc- age, Archimandrite Ignatius (laic tion of Alexander III and the de- name – I. V. Malyshev). cision of the Synod in memory of Since the building was erected Emperor Alexander II, who re- on the very shore of the Griboe- ceived the name of the Tsar Lib- dov Canal, the architects refused to erator among the people. In April use piles and built a concrete base 1881, a wooden chapel was built over the entire area so that water at the site of the emperor’s death; would not pass under the building. it stood until the spring of 1883. More than a hundred mosaic arms It was decided to build a church, of cities and towns, provinces and since donations for the monu- counties involved in fund-raising ment construction began to come are placed on the bell tower walls. 17 Temples under the joint administration of the State and the Church

Th ere is also the Coat of arms of den, the church is surrounded by a the Romanov house. A gilded royal lace cast iron fence with a plant pat- crown – a sign that the greatest con- tern made according to Parland‘s tribution was made by members of drawing. the most august family, crowns the Aft er the revolution, the Cathe- bell tower cross. In total, 4.6 million dral of the Savior-on-the-Blood rubles were spent on construction. was closed and was not restored Th e following artists worked on the for a long time. mosaic ensemble of interior deco- Th ere were rumors that it was ration: V. M. Vasnetsov, M. V. Nes- even going to be dismounted. In terov, A. P. Ryabushkin. Th e copper 1970, it was transferred under the parts covered with colored durable patronage of St. Isaac’s Cathedral, frost-resistant enamel (1000 square which allocated 80% of the funds meters) were used for the decora- for restoration. tion of the domes. Th e height of the In 1997, the Savior-on-the- central dome – 81 m. Th ere are 20 Blood opened its doors to visitors granite boards, on which the acts of as a museum, which contains a Alexander II are described in gild- huge collection of mosaic icons. ed letters, installed on the entire Currently, worships are cele- perimeter of the building. From brated in the church by a special the side of the Mikhailovsky Gar- schedule.

18 Monasteries Monasteries

Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra Address: 1A, emb. of the Monastyrkа River Telephone: 274-17-02 E-mail: [email protected] http://lavra.spb.ru Opened: monastery – daily from 5:30 a.m. to11:00 p.m., Holy Trinity Cathedral from 5:45 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Worships: in diff erent churches by the schedule: http://lavra.spb.ru/ information/ schedule-of-services.html

In July 1710, Peter I issued drite Th eodosius (Yanovsky). Th e an order to build a monastery at offi cial foundation date is the day the confl uence of the Black Riv- of the consecration of the fi rst er (now it is the Monastyrka) wooden Annunciation church – to the Neva. Th e location and March 25, 1713 (the Feast of the dedication of the monastery to Annunciation of the Blessed Vir- St. Prince Alexander Yaroslavich gin Mary). Nevsky was explained by the fact Th e architectural complex that it was in this place, as it was project was developed two years believed, that the prince won over later under the guidance of Do- the Swedish in the Battle of the menico Trezzini. Th e Nevsky Neva in 1240. Assuming that the Monastery was seen by Trezzini convent was built at the height of as a symmetrical ensemble of the war on lands conquered from stone buildings occupying a sec- Sweden, the historical roll-call is tion between the Neva River and quite indicative. the Black River. At the same time, Th e arrangement of the new it was an additional outpost in monastery was led by Archiman- the southeast of the new capital 20 Monasteries designed according to the rules In 1797, by the decree of Pavel I, of fortifi cation art. It was planned the monastery was granted the to lay a wide road from the mon- status of lavra. astery to Petersburg – the Nevsky In 1909, a museum was perspective. formed. It was the Lavra Ancient In 1720, a school for the chil- Storage, under which the south- dren of clergy was opened on the western tower (Library) was al- territory of the monastery. Aft er located. During the First World 6 years, it was transformed into a War, a hospital was equipped in Slavic Greek Latin seminary. Sub- the monastery walls. sequently, it was called Alexander Th e Bolsheviks tried to requi- Nevsky Main Seminary, and in sition the funds and property of 1797, Paul I granted it the status the Lavra even before the publi- of an academy. Since 1719, the cation of the Decree on Separa- St. Petersburg Printing House op- tion of Church and State. erated at the Lavra, since 1714, an On May 12, 1922, the shrine alms-house for retired soldiers. of Alexander Nevsky was dis- Peter I, visiting the newly built covered as part of the campaign monastery on May 29, 1723, or- on the “seize church property in dered to transfer the relics of favor of the starving.” Th e silver Prince Alexander Nevsky from shrine as a work of high artistic Vladimir Nativity monastery value was seized and transferred to the new capital. Th e remains to the State Hermitage Museum, of the prince arrived in St. Pe- and the relics were transferred to tersburg on August 30, 1724, in the funds of the State Museum of memory of whom a new holiday Religion and Atheism on Novem- was introduced in the calendar of ber 15. the Russian Church – translation In the same 1922, the Lavra of the relics of the blessed prince obeyed the renovationist Higher Alexander. Church Administration. In Oc- Th e new project of the mon- tober 1923, aft er the Vicar bishop astery was developed by Ivan Manuil (Lemeshevsky) appoint- Starov, who included the entire ed by Patriarch Tikhon arrived in left bank of the Monastyrka to Petrograd, the Lavra joined the the monastery complex and laid “Tikhon” church. However, the out Alexander Nevsky Square in monastery continued to function front of the monastery. until February 17, 1932, when all 21 Monasteries

the monks were arrested in Len- Th e revival of monastic life ingrad. within the monastery walls began At the end of 1934, the Trinity in 1996. Th e fi nal transfer of all Cathedral was closed and trans- the laurel buildings of the diocese ferred to the jurisdiction of the was held on April 18, 2000. city House of Miracles. In Janu- Together with the revival of ary 1936, the worships ceased in the monastery, there is a revival the Advent Church, which re- of traditional handicraft s in the mained functioning longer than Lavra. An icon painting work- others. shop, cabinetmakers, a jewelry In the 1930s, state institutions, workshop, a workshop of Chris- as well as hostels were located tian tin miniatures work here. on the territory of the abolished Th e pilgrim service organizes Lavra. Th e State Museum of City trips of believers in the Lenin- Sculpture was established on the grad region and beyond. Cours- basis of the monastery necropole. es of Orthodox guides work at Unique tombstones were brought the monastery. In the summer of here from other city cemeteries, 2007, the restoration of the dome which were destined for destruc- of the Trinity Cathedral and the tion over time. gilding of the 14-meter cross In 1957, the worships were re- were completed. sumed at Trinity Cathedral, which Th e Holy Archimandrite, the became a parish. Th e relics of St. ruling hierarch of the St. Peters- Alexander Nevsky were returned burg diocese represented by the to the cathedral on June 3, 1989. vicar, rules the Lavra.

22 Monasteries

Novo-Devichy Resurrection Convent of the Maidens Address: 100, Moscow ave. Telephone: 252-11-66 E-mail: [email protected] https: вноводевичий.рф Opened: daily. Worships: by the schedule in diff erent churches вноводевичий.рф/ timeline Th e foundation of the transfer the monastery to a new, Voskresensky Novo-Devichy more convenient place. In 1848, Convent dates back to the reign the monastery received an exten- of Elizaveta Petrovna. Th e con- sive site at the Moscow outpost, struction of the monastery on the and nuns moved there aft er the place of the Smolny Palace was a construction of new buildings. gratitude to God for the successful Th e fi rst in a new place, a wood- accession of Elizaveta to the Rus- en church was erected in honor of sian throne. In 1744, the architect the Kazan Icon of the Mother of Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli God, and already in 1849, in the began to work on the grand mon- presence of Emperor Nicholas I, astery project. Empress Elizaveta Metropolitan Nikanor of St. Pe- Petrovna wanted to retire to this tersburg and Novgorod made the abode. For various reasons, it was solemn laying of the Resurrection not possible to create a communi- Cathedral. At the beginning of ty in the newly formed monastery, the 20th century a bell tower was and it was abolished by 1797. erected according to the project of Th e church in honor of the An- L. I. Benois and Zeiler. Shortly be- nunciation of the Blessed Virgin fore the revolution, a stone church Mary, at which the monastery was of the Kazan Icon of the Mother revived, occupied a site on Maly of God in the Byzantine style was Prospect between the 7th and built under the project of the archi- 8th lines. Soon, it was decided to tect V. A. Kosyakov. 23 Monasteries

By the beginning of the 1917 Resurrection Novo-Devichy Con- revolution, there were 8 churches vent”, etc. In the 1929-1933s, the in Novo-Devichy Convent. Th e churches were closed and partially monastery had a large household destroyed, the bell tower was de- (horse stable, cattle house, poul- molished. try yard, pig house, kvass house, Th e revival of the abode began bee garden and farm), the famous with the arrival of the sisters’ com- icon-painting, gold-sewing and munity in 1996. Over the years of carpet workshops functioned. the revival, a full-fl edged monas- A signifi cant part of the monastic life was restored completely, tic capital went to the charitable the Kazan and Athos churches of work, in particular to the mainte- the monastery were restored, the nance of a hospital, an orphanage churches in honor of St. Seraphim and an alms-house for sisters. of Vyritsa, St. Silouan the Athonite Aft er the revolution, the abode and the appearance of the Mother actually existed for another fi f- of God to St. Sergius of Radonezh teen years under diff erent names: were built. Restoration and paint- “Resurrection labor brotherhood” ing of the Resurrection Cathedral artel, “agricultural hostel of the is carried out.

24 Monasteries

Holy Trinity St. Sergius Maritime Men’s Hermitage

Address: Strelna settlement, 15, St. Peters- burg Highway Telephone: 647-07-30 (entrance checkpoint) E-mail: [email protected] https://www.pustin.spb.ru Opened: daily. Worships: Liturgy at 9:00 a.m., evening worship at – 5:00 p.m.

Th e Trinity Cathedral was where about 20 monks lived, sep- founded in 1756. Th e construc- arated from St. Sergius Trinity tion of the church was carried out Lavra and began to be ruled by its according to the project and un- own archimandrite. der the guidance of P. A. Trezzini Th e fl owering of the hermitage and ended in 1760. Th e consecra- began in 1834, when Archiman- tion of the cathedral in August drite Ignatius (Brianchaninov), 1763 was attended by Empress the author of the famous “Ascetic Catherine II, who had visited the Experiences”, was appointed as its hermitage before. vicar. A year later, he united the Varlaam moved a wooden fraternal buildings with a gallery, church from Petersburg to the in which he arranged a refectory, newly-built monastery, erected put in order the household and wooden walls, cells and a stone renovated the churches. building of the vicar. According to Since Catherine’s time, the dead the project of P. A. Trezzini, in the from noble birth families were 1756–1760s, the cells were built of buried at the cemetery: the Aprak- brick, and by 1764, the towers ap- sins, the Durasovs, the Myatlevys, peared on the corners of the walls. the Stroganovs; the Oldenburg- In the same year, the monastery, skys, the Potemkins, the Shereme- 25 Monasteries

tevs, the Zubovs, the Engelhardts, dral continued until 1931. In the the Naryshkins, the Opochininys, 1930s, the School of Retraining of the Golenishchev-Kutuzovs, the the Chief of Staff of the Militarized Razumovskys, the Frederikses, the Guard of Industry of the Supreme Stenbok-Fermors and members of Board of the National Economy other families known in Russian of the USSR named aft er Kuiby- history also rested here. Ministers, shev entered the monastery build- senators, members of the State ings. In the 1960s, a special police Council and high offi cials were high school entered the monastery buried in the cemetery. buildings. Th e monastery church- In 1919, the hermitage was es and the cemetery suff ered the closed. Th e part of the brethren greatest losses in the 1960s. Th e remained to live among the pupils cathedral was blown up in 1960, of the children’s labor colony (“La- during Khrushchev’s anti-religious bor” commune) based in the build- campaign. ings of the monastery; in 1925, 265 Th e hermitage was reopened in children attended school under the 1993, when an order was adopted colony. Th e services in the cathe- to return it to church gradually.

26 Monasteries

Convent of St. John of Rila on the Karpovka River Address: 45, the Karpovka River emb. Telephone: 234-24-27 E-mail: [email protected] https://imonspb.ru Opened: daily from 8:00 a.m. to the end of the evening worship (until about 7:30p.m.) Worships: Liturgy on weekdays at 7:45 a.m. (confession at 7:45 a.m.), on Sundays at 9:00 a.m. (confession at 8:30 a.m.), on Th e Twelve Great Feasts at 9:00 a.m. (confession at 8:30 a.m.), evening worship – at 5:00 p.m. Th e monastery was conceived politan Anthony with the partici- as a metochion of the St. John the pation of Father John. Th eologian nuns’ community, cre- In the 1903–1908s, a fi ve- ated by John of Kronstadt in his na- storey house was built for clergy tive village of Sura. Th e metochion and those who wanted to live at the was laid in 1900. In 1901, the com- monastery, a building of the infi r- munity was granted the status of a mary, an icon painting and needle- monastery, and the metochion be- work workshops and cells; in the came an independent abode. Th e church basement, it was erected a lower church of the Twelve Apos- shrine church consecrated in the tles was consecrated on January 17, name of the prophet Elijah and the 1901 by John of Kronstadt; the Holy Queen Th eodora (heavenly main church of the Reverend John patrons of the protopriest John’s of Rila Cathedral occupying the parents) on December 21, 1908 – two upper fl oors was consecrated next day aft er the Father John’s on November 17, 1902 by Metro- death. Th e church was consecrated 27 Monasteries

on the same day, and the next day, In 1989, the monastery was re- Father John was buried in a white turned to the diocese and opened marble tomb in the basement. as a metochion of Puhtitsa mon- In November 1923, the monastery. In October 1989, the fi rst astery was liquidated. Th e monas- offi ces left the monastery build- tery buildings were transferred to ings. Th e premises of the fi rst the meliorative technical school; fl oor with the church of the Rev- in March 1926, the entrance to the erend John of Rila, as well as the shrine of Father John was walled underground church-shrine were up. In the early 1930s, almost all the freed. nuns were arrested and sentenced to Since December 25, 1991, the exile in Kazakhstan. monastery is patriarchal.

28 Cathedrals Cathedrals

Kazan Cathedral Address 2, Kazanskaya sq. Telephone: 314-46-63 E-mail: [email protected] http://kazansky-spb.ru

Opened: on weekdays from 7:00 a.m., on Sundays and holidays from 6:30 a.m., until the end of the evening worship.

Worships: Liturgy at 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., evening worship – at 6:00 p.m. Kazan Cathedral in St. Peters- of the Roman prototype, as well burg was built and consecrated in as the works of the Parisian archi- 1811 in honor of the Kazan Icon of tects. Erected in the 1801–1811s, the Mother of God. the Cathedral of the Kazan Icon In the 1799–1800s, a competi- of the Mother of God – one of the tion for the design of a new cathe- greatest masterpieces of St. Peters- dral was held with the participa- burg architecture. It began a peri- tion of Ch. Cameron, P. Gonzaga od of high classicism. and J. F. Th omas de Th omon. At Voronikhin created an orig- the request of Paul I, the building inal work of large urban scale. was to resemble the Roman Ca- Th e church which has the shape thedral of St. Peter with its circu- of a Latin cross in plan, is locat- lar colonnade. With the support of ed in the depths of the square. Th e Count A. S. Stroganov, responsi- grandiose arcuate colonnade of ble for the construction, the works the Corinthian order adjoins the were assigned to A. N. Voronikh- asymmetric longitudinal side of in. Th e project approved at the the building facing Nevsky (the end of 1800 refl ected the infl uence main entrance, according to the 30 Cathedrals canon, is the west oriented). Th e colonnade itself was turned into the main facade, it covers the space of the area with wings, and its side portals served as drive- ways. A drum and dome (a total height of 72 metres) rise above this forest of columns. Shortly before the construction completion, Voronichin proposed to repeat the arc colonnade on the opposite side, but this plan was not carried out. Th e innovations were the use of Pudost limestone for columns and wall cladding, the iron lattice design of the dome. Th e temple composition achieved a high syn- thesis of architecture and sculpture. Reliefs and statues created by I. P. Martos, I. P. Prokofi ev, B. I. Orlovsky (pedestals – archi- F. G. Gordeev, S. S. Pimenov, tect V. P. Stasov). V. I. Demuth-Malinovsky. Th e Before Saint Isaac’s Cathedral northern doors are copied from opening, Kazan Cathedral was the the “Paradise Doors” by L. Ghib- cathedral church of the capital. erti (15th century) in the Floren- Among clergy, the most famous tine Baptistery. were T. F. Myslovsky and F. N. Or- Soon aft er the consecration, natsky. In 1893, a funeral service the cathedral became a memorial for P. I. Tchaikovsky was held in to the Patriotic War of 1812. War the cathedral. trophies were stored here, and On December 6, 1876, on the the Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov square in front of the cathedral, was buried here in 1813. In 1837, the fi rst political demonstration in on the square in front of the col- Russia was organized by the “Land onnade, there were opened the and Freedom” populist group. Stu- monuments to the commanders dents and workers participated in M. I. Kutuzov and M. B. Barclay it, a revolutionary speech was de- de Tolly, created by the sculptor livered by G. V. Plekhanov. And in 31 Cathedrals

the future, this place remained the of painting and sculpture. Th e mu- scene of revolutionary uprisings. seum was one of the most popu- In 1899–1900, the garden mas- lar in Leningrad. Th e visitors were ters R. F. Katzer and P. I. Wiese ar- impressed by the layout of the tor- ranged the square with a fountain ture chamber of the Inquisition. In in this area. In the early 1910s, the the late 1980s and early 1990s, the facades and paintings of the ca- square near the cathedral became thedral were restored (architects one of the main places for socio-po- A. P. Aplaksin, A. A. Parland, art- litical performances once again. ists N. A. Bruni and E. K. Liphart). In 1991, worships were re- In 1932, the cathedral was closed sumed in the cathedral. It was for believers, and the Museum of completely transferred to believers the History of Religion and Atheism and became the cathedral church of the USSR Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg again. Th ere is began to function here in the same a large cultural and educational year. Th e museum collection con- center at the cathedral. Th e Mu- tains – the most valuable collec- seum of the History of Religion tions of religious objects of various was transferred to the building on faiths, documents, as well as works 14/5, Pochtamtskaya str.

32 Cathedrals

Cathedral of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God

Address: 20, Vladimirsky Ave. Telephone: 312-19-38 E-mail: [email protected] http://vladimirsobor.spb.ru

Opened: daily 9:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m.

Worships: Liturgy at 9:00 a.m., evening worship at 6:00 p.m.

Th e Cathedral of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God belongs to the architectural monuments of the 18th century. It was built on the site of a wooden church, nota- ble for being the fi rst to be erected aft er the historic “isooral decree” of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna on the construction of churches with fi ve chapters “in the same way as in Moscow, at the Assumption Ca- thedral.” Th e permanent layman of this church was Fedor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky. In 1930, the church was closed, and bookstores of the State Public Library were located on its premises to create a branch – a special Anti-Religious Library in it. 33 Cathedrals

Aft er the war, the church, ration and painting of the upper which survived during the block- church walls was completed. ade, was transferred to the library On April 7, 1990, on the An- of the Academy of Sciences as a nunciation, Metropolitan Alexis book depository, and in 1947 – to of Leningrad and Novgorod (Ri- the knitted production. diger) consecrated the church, In August 1989, the Cathedral he also became its superior. This of the Vladimir Icon of the Moth- tradition persists: The superior er of God was transferred to the of the Cathedral of the Vladimir Leningrad Diocese. Icon of the Mother of God in In the 1992–1994s, new titani- St. Petersburg is the Metropoli- um crosses were installed on all tan of St. Petersburg and Ladoga. the heads of the church and the On May 7, 2000, the church bell tower; in 1996, the domes was given the status of a cathe- were repaired. In 1999, the resto- dral.

34 Cathedrals

Th e Resurrection Smolny Cathedral

Address 1, Rastrelli sq. Telephone: 900-70-15 E-mail: [email protected] http://смольный-собор.рф

Opened: daily 7:00 a.m.–8:00 p.m.

Worships: Liturgy at 7:40 a.m., evening worship at 4:00 p.m.

The idea of Smolny Cathedral According to the “Provision on belongs to Empress Elizaveta the cathedral”, approved in 1835 Petrovna. She decided to build by Emperor Nicholas I, the church a grandiose monastery for girls received the status of the cathedral of noble rank and herself retired of all educational institutions in there at the end of her life. memory of the emperor’s mother, The fate of Smolny Cathedral the patroness of youth, the Em- is symbolic. It took 87 years to press Maria Fyodorovna. build, operated for 87 years and Th e cathedral was provided was closed for 87 years. Con- from funds of the State Treasury struction was started according and was assigned to the Depart- to the project of the architect ment of Institutions of the Empress B. Rastrelli in 1748, and finished Maria, and a parish from residents only in 1835 by architect V. Stasov. of the neighboring district was al- In plan, the entire monastery is a located to it. Greek cross with a central cathe- Famous clergymen served dral inside and four churches at in the church, among them was the corners. The cathedral height the rector of the St. Petersburg is 93.7 m. It was built in the style Theological Seminary, proto- of magnificent Elizabethan ba- priest Nikolai Rozanov. The roque. last rector was a member of the 35 Cathedrals

State Duma, protopriest Andrei Yurashkevich. Aft er the revolution, the church passed into the control of the church twenty; in April 1922, church values were seized. On Oc- tober 7, 1922, the cathedral was closed. On May 24, 2009, a prayer service was celebrated in the church for the fi rst time in post-Soviet times, and on April 7, 2010, the fi rst Divine Liturgy was celebrated by Metropolitan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Ladoga. On January 25, 2016, on the day of the Holy Martyr Tatiana, the Smolny Cathedral was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.

36 Cathedrals

St. Prince Vladimir Cathedral

Address: 26, Blokhina Str. Telephone: 498-03-04 E-mail: [email protected] http://vladimirskysobor.ru

Opened: daily.

Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., Vespers at 6:00 p.m., on Sundays and public holidays early Liturgy at 7:00 a.m.

In the 1710s, a three-altar crypt Th e fi ve-domed cathedral on clay-walled church was erected in the Petersburg side was rebuilt on honor of the Assumption of the a draft in the 1766–1772s. It took Mother of God – the predecessor the central place in the city pano- of the Prince Vladimir Cathedral. rama opening from the front halls Th e church received a degree of of the Neva enfi lade of the Winter conciliar. Palace, and its tall pillar-shaped In 1740, according to the de- bell tower served as a reference cree of Empress Anna Ioannov- for vessels sailing from the bay to na, a stone church was laid next Small Neva. In 1772, the wooden to the wooden Assumption Ca- Assumption Cathedral was de- thedral “on Mokrusha.” Architect stroyed by fi re. P.-A. Trezzini designed it with a Th e fi nal stage of work in the single head according to the mod- cathedral is connected with the el of the cathedral of Peter and masters of the circle of architect Paul Fortress. Th e new project I. E. Starov. Th e main altar was was developed only in the reign consecrated on October 1, 1789 in of Empress Catherine II, in 1765. the name of St. Prince Vladimir. Th e competition was won by ar- In 1845, the cathedral became chitect Antonio Rinaldi. the decoration holder of the Order 37 Cathedrals

of St. Vladimir. Since that time, it In September 1940, the mirac- has become a tradition to cele- ulous icon of the Kazan Mother brate the Order Day on Septem- of God was transferred to the ca- ber 22 with a episcopal service. thedral. For the 100th anniversary of the In 1946, it was possible to re- establishment of the Order, the store the bell ringing of the cathe- cathedral was renovated. dral, and a large bell was cast in In the 1875–1918s, a parish Finland. charity society and a children’s Materials about the victims shelter functioned at the Prince of the Bolshevik persecution of Vladimir Cathedral. faith and believers are now being In 1926, the Prince Vladimir collected and processed at the Cathedral was closed for sever- church. A book on the history al months. In 1927, the cathedral of the cathedral itself, in the an- was re-consecrated. In 1934, the nals of which there are so many Prince Vladimir Cathedral was memorable names and dates, is the only functioning church of the also being prepared for publica- Petrograd side. tion.

38 Cathedrals

Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Ligovsky Avenue and Tikhvin Church Address: 128, Ligovsky ave. Telephone: 764-08-08 E-mail: [email protected] http://krest-sobor.ru Opened: Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross – daily 9:00 a.m. – 8:00 p.m., the church of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, is open only during the worships. Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., evening worship at 5:00 p.m. At the beginning of the 18th der the guidance of the architect century, on the site of the current I. Schumacher. Th e one-story stone Ligovsky Avenue, there was an an- church was cold (i.e. not heated). cient Novgorod road, the only path Instead of the old wooden church, that connected the constructed a warm winter Tikhvin church St. Petersburg with all of Russia. was built in the 1764–1768s. In In 1718, a church was built here in the 1804–1812s, the bell tower of the name of the feast of the Nativi- the Cathedral of the Exaltation of ty of John the Baptist. the Holy Cross was erected. Th e In 1730, the church burned composition organically includ- down. In 1731, a chapel was put ed two low chapels connected to in its place. In the 1740–1748s, the bell tower by arched covered a new church in the name of the galleries of paired columns. Th e Exaltation of the Honourable and Cross Exaltation bell tower – one Life-giving Cross of our Lord of the most beautiful bell towers of was built nearby. Th e church pro- St. Petersburg – the most impor- ject author is unknown. Con- tant urban development dominant struction was carried out un- of the region. During the construc- 39 Cathedrals

tion of the bell tower, a fence with a of the 1941–1942s, the deceased length of 610 m was also installed. blockade victims were brought to In the 1844–1851s, the complex of the church, they were buried in churches was rebuilt. Volkovskoye cemetery in spring In the church, the residents of only. the League side prayed, including In 1991, the Cathedral of the Cossacks, who served in the capi- Exaltation of the Holy Cross was tal Leib Guard Kazatskiy and Ata- transferred to the Cossack par- man regiments and did not have ish. Th e fi rst prayer service in the their own church at that time (the church was held on May 24, 1991. barracks of these regiments were Th e fi rst worship in the Tikhvin located along the Obvodny Canal). Church – on Trinity 1993. Th e church carried out active Th e church in the name of the social work, and several charitable Tikhvin Mother of God functions societies functioned. now. Since 2008, there is a restora- In February 1932, the Tikhvin tion of an architectural complex of Church was closed and given to the cathedral at the expense of the school; since the 40s, its premises city budget. housed the production workshops Th ere are the Cossack Brother- of the radio technical college. hood and Sisterhood of the Exalta- In 1938, the cathedral and tion of the Holy Cross in the name church of Cyril and Methodius of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother were also closed. Th e building was of God in the parish of the Cossack transferred to Soyuzkinoprokat Cathedral of the Exaltation of the for the fi lm storage. In the winter Holy Cross.

40 Cathedrals

St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral

Address: 1/3, Nikolskaya sq. Telephone: 714-70-85 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.nikolskiysobor.ru

Opened: daily 6:30 a.m.–9:00 p.m.

Worships: Liturgy at 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., evening worship at 6:00 p.m.

Th e magnifi cent building of St. M. M. Golitsyn lodged a petition Nicholas Cathedral was erected in to Empress Elizaveta Petrovna: to the 1752–1762 s. erect a stone church in the city of A small chapel for offi cers St. Peter in honor of the patron of and employees of the Maritime sailors – St. Nicholas the Miracle Department was located in the Worker. Th e development of the Marine settlement in the “bright new church project was entrusted rooms” of the regimental court. to the architect of the Admiralty It was consecrated in honor of College S. I. Chevakinsky. the heavenly patron of sailors – Th e cathedral design was cre- St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker. ated in May 1752. At the same Th is chapel was the only one in time as the construction of the the vast space beyond the Moika cathedral, the construction of a and therefore was distinguished bell tower was going on nearby. by wealth of its furnishings. By 1758, the bell tower was com- In 1743, it was replaced by a pleted and plastered. Th en the free-standing wooden church. bells were raised and a clock with Th e parish of the church was chimes was installed – one of the signifi cant. In the spring of 1752, best sets of bells in St. Petersburg. the President of the Admiralty Th e lower church in the name College, General Admiral Prince of St. Nicholas was consecrated 41 Cathedrals

on December 5, 1760. On July 20, Since the time of Catherine II, 1762, in the presence of Empress the victories of the Russian navy Catherine II, the upper church began to be celebrated in the was consecrated in honor of the St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral. Epiphany. On May 14, 1908, the solemn To the present day, the church opening of the monument near has preserved the former deco- the cathedral to sailors who died ration, and the color of the era in the Russian-Japanese war took with it. Aft er the church was place. In Soviet times, the monu- transferred to the Maritime De- ment was not protected and came partment in 1901, stoves were ar- into dilapidation, the boards with ranged in the upper church, and it the names of heros were lost, the became warm. decorations were broken. Only in At the consecration of the ca- 1973, it was repaired and boards thedral, the empress “orally com- recreated. manded” the newly consecrated In June 1941, St. Nicholas church to be called the Naval Ca- Epiphany Cathedral became the thedral. Th is decree determined cathedral church. It was elected the entire future fate of the church by Metropolitan Alexis of Len- and its signifi cance for the Russian ingrad (Simanskiy) as his res- navy history. idence. For almost the entire period of the war, before the accession to the patriarchal throne, Metropolitan Alexis served and lived in St. Nicholas Epiphany Cathedral. In the postwar years, the main task was to rebuild the church. Th e church was fi nally restored by 1953. At present, good relations are maintained with the com- mand staff of the Navy. Th ere is a Sunday school for children and adults, St. Nicholas Youth Union and a library of spiritual literature at the cathedral. Catechetical and social work is carried out. 42 Cathedrals

St. Andrew’s Cathedral and the Th ree Ecumenical Holy Hierarchs’ Church Address: 11, the Vasilievsky island, 6th line Telephone: 323-34-18 http://andrew-sobor.ru Opened: daily 10:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m. Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., evening worship at 5:00 p.m.

In 1725, for the construction of In 1761, the wooden St. An- the Church of St. Andrew, a land drew’s Cathedral burned down as plot was provided on the corner of a result of lightning. Bolshoy ave. and the 6th line. Th e A new stone church was laid project was carried out by the aron July 18, 1764 according to the chitect Giuseppe Trezzini, the pre- project of the architect A. F. Vist. paratory work and clearing of the In 1797, St. Andrew’s Cathedral site from the forest were carried out was appointed as the order and under his supervision. capital one by Emperor Paul I, in In 1732, the church was conse- connection with which a bas-relief crated. Th ere was a small cemetery depicting the Order of St. Andrew at the church, where, according to carried by two angels, was installed a legend, there was buried the fa- over the entrance. mous statesman of the Peter I epoch, Since 1869, the Society for the Prince Ya. F. Dolgorukiy, bride helping the poor in the parish of of the Emperor Peter II, Princess St. Andrew’s Cathedral was acting E. K. Dolgorukaya, the famous in the church. It included a chil- inventor and associate of Peter I dren’s shelter, cheap apartments A. K. Nartov. for women, a shelter for the ter- In 1744, the church of St. An- minally ill and a hospital with drew was given the status of a cathe- a house church in the name of dral, and its superior was elevated to All Saints. Since 1881, its chair- the rank of protopriest. man was the famous geographer 43 Cathedrals

P. P. Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky. In 1990, the worships were re- In 1891, a folk choir was created, sumed. Finally, St. Andrews Cathe- which gained great fame under the dral was transferred to the diocese direction of K. K. Biryuchev. on December 10, 1992. In 2001, On May 16, 1938, the worships the Baltic Construction Compa- in the church ceased, a part of the ny recreated the Vladimir Chapel clergy and the most active parish- under the project of the KROM ar- ioners were arrested. chitectural studio on the site of the In 1947, restoration work was original, demolished in the 1920s. carried out, aft er which the cathe- To this day, the Cathedral has dral building was transferred to preserved a magnifi cent carved the Lenmorniiproekt (Leningrad wooden 17-meter gilded iconostasis Naval Project Research Institute). of the 18th century, one of the oldest Aft er 1980, a part of the anthro- in the city. Th e oldest in the icon- pological collections of the Insti- ostasis images of St. Nicholas the tute of Ethnography named aft er Wonderworker and St. Alexander Miklouho-Maclay of the Acade- Nevsky transferred from the church my of Sciences of the USSR (Kun- of the Menshikov Palace are in the stkamera) was placed in the church. church from its very foundation.

44 Cathedrals

Church of Th ree Ecumenical Saints

On July 2, 1740, a warm church part of the icons and the holy gates was laid in the name of the Th ree were transferred to the Russian Mu- Hierarchs of Eastern Christianity seum, and the church utensils and refers to Basil the Great, Gregory the a metal grate of solea were seized. Th eologian and John Chrysostom. In 1931, crosses were removed from In 1745, the church was built, the church and the iconostasis was and worships began in it. But the dismantled. In January 1932, the Th ree Saints Church was consecrat- building was transferred to a knit- ed on September 17, 1760 only. ting factory. On November 19, 1916, the Th ree Aft er the Great Patriotic War, a Saints Church was temporarily, before hydrotechnical laboratory was lo- the construction of its church, trans- cated in the church, and since the ferred to the Georgian Orthodox par- 70s, Lenbytkhim’s production. ish, which was closed in March 1918 On July 15, 1991, the building due to revolutionary events and the of the Th ree Saints Church was departure of parishioners. transferred to the parish of the Since the middle of the 20s, the St. Andrew’s Cathedral. worships have not been performed In 1999, the worships were re- in the church. In 1929, the archive of sumed. In 2001, the church was con- St. Andrew’s Cathedral, which was secrated by the Metropolitan Vladimir stored in the church, was taken out, of St. Petersburg and Ladoga. 45 Cathedrals

Holy Trinity Cathedral of the Izmailovsky Leib Guard Regiment Address: 7A, Izmailovsky ave. Telephone: 246-07-15 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.izmsobor.ru/ru

Opened: daily 9:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m., on Sundays and church holidays from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.

Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., on holidays and Sundays at 7:00 a.m., evening service at 5:00 p.m.

Th is spacious majestic church A purely military church was was the main garrison church of not rich in Orthodox shrines, but it St. Petersburg. Built in the 1828– contained military trophies taken 1835s, and consecrated in 1835. from the Turks in the 1877–1878s. Architect V. P. Stasov fully re- In this war, the Russian army led alized in the cathedral building by Alexander II liberated Balkan all the distinctive features of the Christians from the Ottoman Yoke. Empire style. Th e church laying in Aft er the cathedral was closed in 1828 was attended by Empress Ma- 1932, all the relics that could be ria Feodorovna and crown prince preserved were housed in various Alexander Nikolaevich. museums. Th e church is crowned with Marble plaques with the names a large colored dome and gener- of offi cers who fell during the lib- ously decorated with pilasters and eration war were installed in the columns of the Corinthian order, cathedral. In 1886, in front of the which is classical for empire. Artists cathedral building, there was un- T. A. Medvedev and A. I. Travin – veiled the monument, created by authors of the internal painting. the architect D. I. Grimm. It con- 46 Cathedrals sisted of barrels of 108 Turkish church. But, in 2006, there was a guns composed in fi ve rows and fi re in the building, the repair last- topped by a fi gure of “Glory.” ed three years. At the moment, the In 1938, the cathedral was original appearance of the church closed, and during the war, the has been restored completely. Th e building was badly damaged, cathedral is famous for its relics – mainly because of its location and an icon of the Holy Trinity of 1406, close proximity to Pulkov Heights. a cross with a particle of the Cross In the 1960–1970s, a large- of the Lord and Golgotha, an icon scale reconstruction of the church with a particle of the relics of the was carried out and, in the 1990s, healer Panteleimon and other ar- the building was transferred to tifacts.

47 Cathedrals

Holy Transfi guration Cathedral

Address: 1, Preobrazhenskaya sq. Telephone: 272-36-62 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.spaso-preobr-sobor.ru

Opened: daily 10:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m.

Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m. on holidays and Sundays at 7:00 a.m., evening service at 6:00 p.m.

In 1742, Elizaveta Petrovna car- 24-pound captured weapons of the ried out a palace coup, which made Turks taken out of various fortress- her empress. In memory of this es: Ishmael, Varna, Tulchi, Isakchi, event, in 1745, by her order, Holy Slilistria, etc. In August 1825, a fi re Transfi guration Cathedral was laid broke out and the fi rst Holy Trans- and erected – at the place where fi guration Cathedral burned down, the staff of the Grenader Company but all the main shrines were re- of the Preobrazhenskiy Regiment moved from it. Only the walls re- (in English – Transfi guration) was mained from the cathedral. In the located. In 1796, during the reign 1825–1829, it was restored by the of Emperor Paul I, the regiment architect Vasily Stasov in the Em- Holy Transfi guration Cathedral pire style. It is in this form that the was given the honorary title “Ca- cathedral has reached the present thedral of the whole guard”. It is day. Th e restored church was con- distinguished by an unusual fence secrated on August 5, 1829 by Met- created by the architect Vasily Stas- ropolitan Seraphim (Glagolevsky). ov. It was timed to win the Russo- Th e New Holy Transfi guration Turkish War of the 1828–1829s Cathedral became one of the most and consists of numerous 18 and popular in St. Petersburg. Contem- 48 Cathedrals poraries of Stasov said that there were seized and transferred to the were two outstanding structures Artillery Museum, and since 1950, in the city – the Kazan and Holy these relics are in the collection of Transfi guration Cathedrals. the Hermitage. During the block- Since 1871, a parish charity ade of Leningrad, a bomb shelter society, which contained an alms- for 500 people was arranged in house, an orphanage, a canteen, a the church basement, where aid school for soldiers’ children and was provided to the wounded. In free apartments, has been operat- the 1946–1948s, a restoration of ing at the cathedral. Since 1912, the facades and interiors of the the Brotherhood of Sobriety and church was carried out. Th e Holy Chastity functioned in it. On the Transfi guration Cathedral never feast of the Transfi guration of the stopped functioning, it was ac- Lord (popular name – Apple Feast tive all the Soviet time. Th ere is a of the Saviour), falling on August plaque with a list of regiment of- 6, a traditional fruit market was fi cers dead from 1702 to 1917 in- arranged at the church. Aft er the side the church. Th e Holy Trans- October Revolution of 1917, the fi guration Cathedral is one of the cathedral remained function- most visited churches in St. Peters- ing. In 1918, it became a parish burg. Th e cathedral choir, where church. Flags, guns and military soloists of the Academic Chapel trophies stored in the cathedral sing, is widely known.

49 Cathedrals

St. Sampson’s Cathedral Address: 41, Bolshoy Sampsonievsky ave. Telephone: 223-80-83 http://sampsony.ru

Opened: daily 10:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m.

Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., evening service on Saturdays and on the eve of the holidays at 05:00 p.m.

Th e Sampson Cathedral in tower were erected in 1740. Th e ca- St. Petersburg – one of the few ar- thedral Architect was – P. A. Trez- chitectural monuments of the fi rst zini, architect of the bell tower is half of the 18th century that have unknown. survived to this day. Th e church in Th e chapel was built in 1909 in the name of St. Sampson was laid the style of the Elizabethan Baroque by Peter I in honor of a military vic- on the model of F. B. Rastrelli, tory. which is noticeably diff erent from On the day of the celebration the cathedral and the bell tower, the of the memory of St. Sampson the architect – A. P. Aplaksin. Hospitable, June 27, 1709, a signifi - In 1711, a cemetery was built cant battle deciding the outcome of near St. Sampson’s Cathedral, the Northern War took place – the where many foreigners living in victory of the Russian army near St. Petersburg were buried, among Poltava. them – people whose works large- Th e restructuring of the church ly determined the appearance of into a cathedral was carried out in the city: the architects D. Trezzini, the 1728–1740s. It was only com- A. Schlüter, J.-B. Leblond, G. Mat- pleted under Empress Anna Ioan- tarnovy, sculptor K. B. Rastrelli, novna. Th e cathedral and the bell painters L. Caravac and S. Torelli. 50 Cathedrals

Now, the cemetery has been lost Library of the Academy of Scienc- and Sampsonievsky Garden has es, was used to store books and sta- been located in its place. Only tionery, and was later transferred the mass grave of A. Volynsky, to the Wholesale and procurement A. Khrushchov and I. Eropkin ex- base of Lengorunivermag (Lenin- ecuted in 1740 on charges of con- grad City Department Store). spiracy against Biron remained of In 2000, the cathedral was the graves. In 1785, by decree of opened as a museum. On Saturdays Empress Catherine II, a monument and Sundays, and on the Twelve was erected here according to the Great Feasts, the church was al- project of the sculptor A. Opekus- lowed to hold worships. hin and the architect M. Shurupov. Since 2010, daily worships have In 1938, the cathedral was been held at the St. Sampson’s Ca- closed, aft er which the ready-made thedral. clothes store was located there. Af- In 2017, the cathedral was trans- ter the war, the cathedral with all ferred to the administration of the the property was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.

51 Cathedrals

Th e Cathedral of the Feodorovskaya Icon of Our Lady in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty Address: 1-V, Mirgorodskaya Str. Telephone: 910-43-50 E-mail: [email protected] http://feosobor.ru

Opened: daily.

Worships: Liturgy at 7:00 a.m., on holidays and Sundays, the Second Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., evening service at 6:00 p.m.

By 1909, the plan matured: to the 17th century was particular- build “a magnifi cent monument ly emphasized. Of the three pro- to the prosperous 300-year reign jects that won the competition, of the Romanov dynasty.” For it was the project of the architect the construction of the Feodor- S.S. Krichinsky. ovsky Cathedral, a Construction Th e ceremonial laying of the Committee was created under the cathedral took place on August 5, chairmanship of Major General 1911. D. Ya. Dashkov and under patronage Th e consecration of the lower of the brother of the emperor Grand church was performed on Septem- Prince Mikhail Alexandrovich. ber 7, 1913 by the bishop Benjamin Th e project of the jubilee church of Gdov. was determined by a contest. It had Due to lack of funds, the main to combine the traditional forms event – the consecration of the of ancient Russian architecture upper church – took place lat- with new technologies. Th e wish er than planned: on January 15, that the church reminds of the era 1914. It was headed by Metropol- of reign of the Romanovs, that is, itan Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky) of Moscow Rus of the beginning of St. Petersburg in the presence of 52 Cathedrals

Emperor Nicholas II, members On September 8, 1992, a chap- of the royal family, Government, el was laid and built in the spring State Duma, students of education- of 1998 according to the project of al institutions and the military. the St. Petersburg architect George In the 1918–1932s, at the cathe- Vasiliev. On March 28, 1998 it was dral, there was the Brotherhood of consecrated as a church of the Holy St. Alexander Nevsky, which was cre- New Martyrs and Confessors of ated to prevent the closure of Alex- Russia. ander Nevsky Lavra in the straining In 2005, Fyodorovsky Cathedral anti-church atmosphere. Th e activ- was transferred to the community. ity of the brotherhood ended at the Th e large-scale and comprehen- same time as the closure of Feodor- sive restoration of the cathedral be- ovsky Cathedral in February 1932, gan in June 2007 with dismantling when the brotherhood leaders and Soviet-time factory attachments many of its members were arrested surrounding the cathedral almost and sentenced to various terms of all over the perimeter. the camps. Th e parish of Feodor- In the 2010–2011s, all the ovsky Cathedral ceased to exist, and premises of the basement, lower the church was closed by the decision and upper churches were recreated of the Presidium of the Leningrad and decorated again. Th e famous Executive Committee. Th e building mosaic icon “Mandylion” and the was transferred to the milk plant. majolica panel “Th e Highest Pro- Th e revival of the parish of the tection of the Mother of God over Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother the Royal House” were restored on of God began in 1992. the church facades.

Churches Churches

Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the Vasilievsky Island Address: 68, the 7th Line, the Vasilyevsky Island Telephone: 328-29-22 E-mail: [email protected], spb. [email protected] http://hramblag.spb.ru Opened: daily. Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., evening worship at 5:00 p.m.

The first wooden church in the vent; in 1854, with the imperial de- northern part of the Vasilievsky cree, the monastery was transferred Island began to be built in 1738. to a new place behind the Mos- It was built by 1742 according to the cow outpost, and the Annunciation project and under the supervision church with buildings was returned of Giuseppe Trezzini, stood until to its former owners. 1763. The wooden church was con- In 1859, the church was painted sidered temporary until funds were by the artist Roman Vinogradov. In found to build a stone building; it 1899, a tent chapel was constructed stood north of it; after abolition, a by architect Mikhail Eremeyev on cross surrounded by a small wood- the corner of Maly Avenue and the en fence was installed on the place 8th Line. In 1862, in honor of the of its altar. centenary of the church, the fi rst in A new two-story stone church the city parish Society for supporting was laid on May 24, 1750 next to the the poor was opened. It had an alms- wooden one, but services began to be house, a shelter for girls, a school and celebrated only in 1758. Th e church cheap apartments. was consecrated on September 15, In March 1936, the church was 1762. In the 1780s, a four-tier bell closed, the premises was used as a tower was built. warehouse. In the 1844–1854s, the church In 1992, the Annunciation Church belonged to the Novo-Devichy Con- was returned to believers. 56 Churches

Church of the Epiphany on the Gutui Island

Address: 2, Dvinskaya Str. Telephone: 251-70-27 Web site: http://gutui.ru/

Opened: daily.

Worships: Liturgy at 9:00 a.m., on holidays and Sundays the Second Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., evening service at 5:00 p.m. Th e church was built in memory In May 1935, the church was of the miraculous salvation of crown closed. Subsequently, there was a veg- prince Nikolai Alexandrovich. On etable base, warehouses, soap plant and April 29, 1891, during the passage of morgue in the church. It was surround- the Crown Prince through the city of ed by a concrete fence. During the Otsu in Japan, he was wounded in the Great Patriotic War, there was a fi re in head with a sabre by a Japanese fa- the church, during which the building natic. On the fi rst anniversary of the was badly damaged. assassination attempt on the crown In 1991, the temple was returned to prince, the laying of the church un- the church. Now, the church holds reg- der the project of V. A. Kosyakov took ular services. place. On April 29, 1899, the consecration of the main altar of the church took place. In May 1899, the left side aisle was consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker, and on July 18, 1899, the right side chapel was consecrated in honor of Reverend John Fellow-Faster. A church-parish guardianship, a free library, a parish choir of church singing amateurs were opened at the church. 57 Churches

Th e Church of the Resurrection of Christ of the Temperance Association Address: 116, Obvodny Canal Emb. Telephone: 316-00-93, 316-10-44 E-mail: [email protected] http://hram-varshavka.ru Opened: daily. Worships: Liturgy at 9:00 a.m., on holidays and Sundays at 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., evening service at 5:00 p.m.

Th e fi rst church was founded on of 60 meters high, called “Father Alex- this place on August 14, 1894 in the ander” in memory of the founder of the “memory of the marriage of Th eir Society, Priest Alexander Vasilyevich Majesties” by the Society for the Pro- Rozhdestvensky, who died untimely motion of Religious and Moral Edu- on July 5, 1905. cation. In the 1896–1897s, a three- Th e main aisle was consecrated on storey building was erected nearby. December 14, 1908. A week later, the It housed a school and a reading li- right aisle of St. Nicholas was consecrat- brary (architect G. G. von Goli). ed, and the left aisle of the Holy Prince On August 30, 1898, the Alexander Alexander Nevsky, was probably not Nevsky Society of Sobriety was opened consecrated, although the iconostasis at the church. Soon it became numer- and the altar were placed on it later. ous creating several branches in the In August 1922 – February 1923, capital (in 1914, it was transformed the church joined the Petrograd auto- into the All-Russian Alexandro- cephaly, and in 1923, it moved to the Nevsky Brotherhood of Sobriety). Renovationist Church. In 1930, the New building built according to the Church of the Resurrection of Christ project of the academician of architec- was closed. Th e tram park services ture G. D. Grimm with the participa- were located in the temple. tion of the architects G. G. von Goli In the summer of 1989, the church and A. L. Guna was laid on July 25, was returned to believers, and on East- 1904 and completed a year later. er 1990, the fi rst worship was held. On On May 11, 1906, a 1,000-pound June 20, 1992, L. N. Gumilyov was bur- bell was raised on a steepled bell tower ied in the church. 58 Churches

Church of All Saints Who Shone Forth in the Russian Land

Address: 26A, Basseinaya Str. Telephone: 388-13-11 E-mail: [email protected] http://hrampobeda.ru

Opened: daily 10:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m.

Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m.

Construction of the church ac- forth in the Russian Land, is oft en cording to the project of E. Punko was celebrated in June – around the anni- carried out in 2010, it was consecrat- versary of the beginning of the Great ed on May 7 of the same year. Regu- Patriotic War. Th e church is included lar worships are held in the church, in the tour of the memorial part of the including – memorial services for “Victory Park of memory and sorrow those who died during the Siege of of ours.” Leningrad. On the building, there is a four-point cross common to all Chris- tian denominations, rather than the more traditional version for Russian churches with a lower oblique cross- bar. Th is is done at the wish of the superior, Father Alexis, “so that everyone can enter the chapel.” Th e church consecration – to All the Saints Who Shone Forth in the Russian Land – is deeply symbolic. Firstly, it emphasizes that the church is dedicated to the memory of the past of Russia, that it is a tombstone monument to the people lying here. Sec- ondly, the All Saints’ Day, who shone 59 Churches

Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary at St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University Address: 29B, Polytechnitcheskaya Str. Telephone: 552-93-92 http://hrampokrova.spb.ru

Opened: daily from 8:00 a.m. until the end of the evening worship.

Worships: Liturgy at 9:00 a.m., evening service at 06:00 p.m.

Th e Church of the Intercession of institute. Th ere was adopted the pro- the Blessed Virgin Mary of the St. Pe- ject of I. V. Padlevsky. Th e fi rst stone tersburg Polytechnic Institute of the laying in the construction of the in- Emperor Peter the Great (now Peter stitute church took place on June 6, the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic 1912. On December 15, 1913, the University) built in 1912–1913 is church was consecrated by the vicar the house church of the educational of the St. Petersburg Diocese, Bish- institution, and the building itself – op of Gdovsk Benjamin (Kazansky). an extension to the end of the south Th e temple lasted fi ve years only. wing of one of the buildings of the In 1918, it was closed. In the peri- institute. Th e church construction od from 1918 to 1992, the premises and its further fate are inextricably of the church were adapted to var- linked with the history of the St. Pe- ious needs, which led to the loss tersburg Polytechnic Institute (Uni- of historical layout. In the church, versity) founded in early 1899. Long during this period were alternately: before the laying of the Polytechnic club, storage facilities, hospital. Th e Institute buildings, the project of church revival began in the summer the main building marked the con- of 1992, when the formation of the struction of a house church in it. In parish community of the Church of late August – early September 1911, the Intercession of the Blessed Vir- a competition for the best architec- gin Mary was started. On April 10, tural solution of the house church 1993, the church was consecrated by was announced. It was attended by Metropolitan John of Leningrad and many teachers and students of the Ladoga. 60 Churches

Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist on the Kamenny Island Address: 83, Kamennoostrovsky ave. Telephone: 234-13-24 E-mail: [email protected] http://predtecha.spb.ru Opened: daily 9:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m. Worships: Liturgy on holidays and Sundays at 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., evening service daily at 5:00 p.m.

In 1766, a house church was laid Th e church was closed in 1937. Th e down at the Kamennoostrovsky Pal- building was used for a long time as the ace. In 1798, when Paul was the prior workshop of the sculptor Krestovsky, of the Order of Malta, this church be- and later, it was transferred to a military came an order one. Under Alexander I, sanatorium, a sports hall was arranged in it was transformed into a parish. Here, it. Th e building was returned to Church A. S. Pushkin baptized three of his four in 1990, and the fi rst Liturgy was held on children. the Feast of Protection of Our Lady.

61 Churches

Church of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist (“Chesmensky”) Address: 12, Lensoveta Str. Telephone: 373-61-14 E-mail: [email protected] http://chesma.spb.ru

Opened: daily.

Worships: Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., evening worship at 06:00 p.m.

In the 1774–1777s, by the order of housed 400 privates and 16 offi cers Catherine II, an en route palace was (many of them were holders of the built on the 7th milestone of Tsar- St. George Cross). In 1919, the fi rst skoye Selo road. According to leg- Cesmenka correctional labor camp end, it was at this place that the Em- (concentration camp) was locat- press Catherine the Great received ed in the Chesme Palace. Th en the the news of the Chesme victory over church of St. John the Baptist was the Turkish fl eet. In the 1777–1780s, closed. John the Baptist. Th e icons a church-monument was construct- and holy vessels were expropriated ed near the palace in honor of the and transferred to the State Hermit- victory. Catherine the Great loved age. Parishioners were allowed to Chesma and came here twice a gather in the house of Baron Weber, year, on a patronal festival and on a the owner of the varnish and paint Crepe week. Especially for the em- factories, where the worships were press, a royal place was arranged held until 1924. Th e building of the in the church under a baldachine closed Chesme Church was used as of red velvet topped by a double- a warehouse. In winter 1930, a fi re headed eagle. destroyed a unique iconostasis de- In 1830, at the order of Emperor signed according to the project of Nicholas I, an alms-house for veter- the architect Yu. M. Veldten. ans and invalids of the Patriotic War During the Great Patriotic War, of 1812 was arranged in the Chesme the palace and church, located on Palace. Th ree two-storey fl igels the front line of defense, were badly were attached to the palace. Th ey damaged. In the 1970s, the church 62 Churches building was restored and adapted military cemetery (Chesmenskoye) for the Chesme Victory branch of located behind the church where the Central Naval Museum. rest the remains of the veterans In 1990, the Church of the Nativ- of the war of the 1812–1814s, the ity of St. John the Baptist was trans- Red Army soldiers and defenders ferred to St. Petersburg diocese. In of Leningrad, who died in the days 1998, the iconostasis was recreated of the Great Patriotic War, is the according to the original project of official place of celebrations of the the 18th century. In the same year, Moscow district on the eve of Vic- the church was completely conse- tory Day. The clergy of the church crated by Metropolitan Vladimir of annually celebrate memorial servic- St. Petersburg and Ladoga. A small es here.

63 Churches

Church of Saint Elijah the Prophet at the gun powder factory

Address: 75, Shosse Revolutsyi Telephone: 527-38-37 E-mail: [email protected] https://ilya-prorok.org

Opened: daily.

Worships: Liturgy daily at 10:00 a.m., on holidays and Sundays at 7:00 a.m., evening service at 05:00 p.m. Th e fi rst chapel at the factory was it was closed by the decision of the set in 1717, and the wooden church Lenoblispolkom (Leningrad Regional of St. Elijah – 1721, in 1743, it was re- Executive Committee of the Commu- built by I. Ya. Schumacher. Th e stone nist Party). In 1974, the church burned temple was built in the 1781–1785s, down, and since 1983, it has been un- the author of the project is unknown – der restoration. Transferred to the be- or I. E. Starov, or Yu. M. Veldten. lievers in 1988. In 1923, the church of St. Elijah be- From 1997 to January 2015, came a cathedral, but already in 1938, the church was the center of the Bolsheokhtinskoye deanery, which was one of the largest in St. Peters- burg and the region at that time. Now, the Church is the center of the newly formed Vyborg Deanery District (within the administrative borders of Vyborg District of St. Petersburg) of St. Petersburg diocese. A Sunday school for adults and children, recognized as one of the best in the city by the scale and organization of the educational process, is open at the church. Th e library of the church with 9,000 storage units is available to everyone. 64 Churches Church of the Holy Righteous Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess Address: 48, Mokhovaya Str. Telephone: +7-924-397-64-39 http://globus.aquaviva.ru/ khram-svv-pravv-simeona- bogopriimtsa-i-anny-prorochitsy Opened: daily. Worships: Liturgy on Saturdays, Sundays and great holidays at 10:00 a.m. A wooden church on this place tower of the church (47 meters hight) was built back in 1712, by order of housed a striking clock. However, they Peter I in honor of the namesake of were lost at the end of the 18 century. his eldest daughter, the Tsar’s daugh- Th e spire of the bell tower is erected by ter Anna Petrovna. the Dutch master G. van Boles. In the In 1731, a stone church was built 1803–1808s, the architect M. P. Vybor- near it (architect M. G. Zemtsov), in the ov added a vestry and a chapel. In the Annian Baroque style using elements 1869–1872s, it was expanded and up- of ancient Russian architecture. Th e dated by the architect G. I. Winterhalter, church was consecrated on January 27, over the vestry there was arranged an- 1734. Th e church was ranked among the other aisle in the name of the icon of the courtiers – before the construction of Mother of God “Of the Th ree Hands” the Kazan Cathedral, all the clergy gath- consecrated on October 17, 1871. Now ered there on solemn days. Th e main al- this icon is in St. Nicholas Naval Cathe- tar of the church was consecrated in the dral. Since 1868, there was a society for name of Simeon the God-Receiver and helping the poor running a children’s Anna the Prophetess, the right (south- shelter and an alms-house. ern) one – in the name of the Archangel In January 1938, the church was Michael, and the left (northern) – in the closed, its property and furnishings name of St. Ephrem of Syria. Th e main were looted, and the premises adapted volume is completed by a high light to the warehouse. In the 1951–1954s, drum crowned with a faceted dome of the church was restored, and in the a complex pattern. Th e iconostasis was 1980s, it was adapted to a meteorologi- performed by the carver K. Gan, the im- cal museum. In 1991, it was returned to ages – by the artists A. M. Matveev and the believers, and on January 1, 1995, it V. I. Vasilevsky. At some time, the bell was consecrated again. 65 Churches

Church of the Holy Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon Address: 2A, Pestelya Str. Telephone: 579-30-12 http://globus.aquaviva.ru/ khram-sv-vmch-i-tselitelya- panteleimona-na-ul-pestelya Opened: daily 10:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m. Worships: on Saturdays, Sundays and church holidays, the Liturgy at 10:00 a.m., evening worships at 6:00 p.m.

Th e Church of the Holy Great Mar- island of Grengama). On September 2, tyr and Healer Panteleimon in Pestel 1722, the consecration of the clay- Street has a back story connected with walled church (architect Nikolai Ger- the military victories of Russia. In 1718, bel) of the same dedication, which re- for the workers of the Particular ship- placed the chapel, took place. Th e stone yard located at the source of the Fon- church designed by Ivan Korobov was tanka, Emperor Peter I built a chapel of erected in the 1735–1739s and con- St. Panteleimon opposite the Summer secrated on August 9, 1739 by bishop Garden (on the day of his memory, Ambrose of Vologda. On February 7, July 27, according to the old style, the 1739, the warm aisle of St. Catherine Russian navy defeated the Swedes at the Great Martyr was consecrated near Gangut in 1714 and in 1720 – near the it. In 1833–1834, Alexander Pushkin, who oft en visited the services there, lived opposite him. In 1896, from the North, there was attached the aisle of St. Michael the Great Martyr and Arch- angel, Prince of Chernigov, and the bo- yar of his Th eodore, miracle workers; consecrated on October 3 of the same year by Metropolitan Palladius. Closed in 1936. In 1991, it was transferred to the diocese, in 1994, the worships were resumed. 66 Churches

Church of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine on the Vasilievsky Island Address: the Vasilievsky Island, 27A, Cadet Line Telephone: 328-23-63 E-mail: [email protected] http://cerkovekaterina.ru Opened: daily. Worships: Liturgy daily at 10:00 a.m., evening service on Saturdays at 05:00 p.m. In 1745, the “linen” (portable) in honor of St. John the Th eologian and church of the Life-Giving Trinity of the the third – in honor of St. Catherine the Kabardian regiment was located here. Great Martyr. Th en it was replaced by the wooden Th e house church at the Midwifery St. Nicolas Church, under the Astra- and Gynecological Institute was also khan Dragoon Regiment. Between 1745 assigned to the church. In 1876, the and 1773, it received the new name – Parish Charity Society was organized at Church of the Holy Great Martyr the church. Th e famous St. Petersburg Catherine. A wooden church burned merchant Eliseev was a member of this down on Christmas Day in 1809. Th e society. Members of the society helped stone church was built according to the poor parishioners by collecting the project of A. A. Mikhailov. In 1863, monthly allowances for the poor, and a stone bell tower was erected on the in 1888, an alms-house was opened for western side according to the project homeless old women. of the academician F. I. Nesterov. To- On March 1936, the church was gether with the bell tower, there was closed. For a long time, the church added a building for the watchmen building of the Holy Great Martyr and a new stone chapel where the im- Catherine was occupied by the labo- age of the Holy Great Martyr Cathe- ratory of the Hydrological Institute. rine, who was saved during the fi re of In 1953, the building was transferred the original church, was located. Later to the All-Russia Petroleum Research the appearance of the church remained Exploration Institute (VNIGRI) under almost unchanged. Th ere were three the laboratory building. In March 1996, aisles and three altars in the church: a part of the building of the Church of the main one, consecrated in honor St. Catherine the Great Martyr was re- of St. John the Baptist, the second – turned to the St. Petersburg Diocese. 67 Churches

Church-Chapel of the Holy Trinity Address: 2a, Troitskaya sq. Telephone: 232-72-23 https://vk.com/club128629036

Opened: Weekdays 12:00 a.m.–08:00 p.m., Sundays 8:00 a.m.–8:00 p.m.

Worships: Liturgy on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays at 10:00 a.m., on Saturday evening – night Vigil.

Th e Holy Trinity Chapel was erect- built on the place of the disassembled ed on the square where, by order of cathedral (build. 3–5 on Troitskaya Emperor Peter I, the fi rst Orthodox Square) and a lawn was laid out. church in St. Petersburg was built – It was decided to build a modern in the name of the Holy Life-Giving chapel not on the historic place of the Trinity. It was laid four and a half church, but in the south-west corner months aft er the foundation of the of the square in Troitskaya Square at city – on October 1, 1703, on the day the intersection with Petrogradskaya of the Protection of the Blessed Virgin embankment. Th e project of the Mary and it gave the name for the fi rst church-monument was developed by square of the new city. Subsequently, the authoring team of the “YAK” ar- the church burned several times, but chitectural bureau comprising A. Kit- was restored every time, and was one sula, A. Mikhalychev and G. Rybakov. of the symbols of the city. By its rank Th e church was built as a gift to the the cathedral was considered the sec- Baltic Construction Company. ond in St. Petersburg aft er St. Isaac’s On May 23, 2003, during the cel- Cathedral. A chapel in Peter I’s House, ebration of the 300th anniversary of where there was a venerated image of St. Petersburg, a ceremony of solemn Christ the Savior, was assigned to it. consecration of the chapel by Metro- Th e church was destroyed by the politan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Soviet government on August 15, Ladoga in concelebration with the 1933. In 1956, a new building was clergy of the diocese was held. 68 Churches

Th e Holy Trinity Church in the form of an Easter Cake and Easter curd pudding Address: 235, Obukhovskoy oborony ave. Telephone: 362-13-87 E-mail: [email protected] https://kulicheaster.com

Opened: daily.

Worships: Monday at 10:00 a.m., Tuesday – Saturday at 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Sundays and holidays at 7:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.

Th e church construction began “Easter Cake and Easter curd pud- in 1785 under the project of the fa- ding” was associated with the church mous architects of Russian classi- because of the unusual shape, sim- cism Nikolay Alexandrovich Lvov ilar to the traditional feast of the by order of the prosecutor general Easter table. Alexander Alexandrovich Vyazem- Th e church was closed in 1938, sky, whose estate was located nearby. its premises were used as a club. In Lvov proposed an original archi- 1946, worships were resumed and tectural solution: a round church continue to the present without in- building in the form of a rotunda terruption. surrounded by ionic columns, and a Since 1947, the miraculous icon bell tower in the shape of a tetrahe- of the Mother of God of “Joy of all dral pyramid. Th e construction was who Sorrow” (with coins) was in completed in 1787. Th e church was the church, and since 2000, by the consecrated on the feast of the Holy decree of His Holiness, Patriarch of Trinity in 1790, at the request of the Moscow and All Russia called the Empress Catherine II. Th e name Saint Petersburg icon. 69 Churches

Church of the Holy Martyr Isidor of Yuryev (St. Isidor Church) Address: 24, Rimsky-Korsakov ave. Telephone: 714-25-83 https://vk.com/st.isidorchurch

Opened: on a special schedule.

Worships: Saturday at 9:00 a.m., 6:00 a.m., Sunday at 10:00 a.m.

Built in 1903–1907 according to the From 1923 to 1927, the Th eologi- project of the architect A. A. Poleschuk. cal Courses of the Central Region (Pe- Its upper three-aisle church was conse- trograd – Leningrad) worked in the crated in the name of the Holy Martyr building. In 1925, its were transformed Isidor of Yuryev, which gave the name into the Higher Th eological Cours- to the whole church. Th e side aisles es, the rector of which was protopriest of the upper church are consecrated Nikolai Chukov. in the name of Reverend Seraphim On February 25, 1935, the church of Sarov and holy apostles Peter and was fi nally closed, a part of the property Paul. Th e lower tier of Saint Isidor was transferred to the nearby St. Nicho- Church was consecrated in the name of las Cathedral. St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker. Aft er a strong alteration inside the building was occupied by the painting and design factory of the Art Founda- tion for many years. In 1994, the church was returned to the diocese. On July 4, 1996, the cross was raised above the church; in 1999, the restoration of the upper church started. Th e church has a library and a parish Sunday school.

70 Churches

Church of the Mandylion in Konyushennaya Square

Address: 1, Konyushennaya sq. Telephone: 571-82-61 https://vk.com/mandilion

Opened: daily.

Worships: Liturgy every Saturday and Sunday at 10:00 a.m., All-night vigil on Saturday at 5:00 p.m.

Th e fi rst wooden church built ac- Aft er the Great October Socialist cording to the project of Domenico Revolution, the church was closed. Trezzini was consecrated in 1737. In In 1923, the horse militia club was 1746, the church was rebuilt in stone, located in it, and a few years later – and in 1747, it was re-consecrated. a branch of the Hydroproject Insti- In the 1816–1817s, the recon- tute. In 1990, the church building struction of the church began under was returned to church. In the 1990s, the project of the architect Stasov. the temple was renovated, a Sunday It lasted until 1823. In 1826, on the school and a church library were cre- ground fl oor, there was installed a ated under it. “sad chariot”, on which the body of Alexander I was delivered. Th e church is also known for the fact that on February 1, 1837, the funeral service of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin took place in it. On March 2, 1857, the fi rst Russian funeral service was celebrated here for M. Glinka deceased in Berlin. In 1849, the church in Konyushennaya Square became a parish, before that it belonged to the Stable department (in Russian – Konyushnya). 71 Churches

Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God on the Vasilievsky Island Address: 24, Kamskaya Str. Telephone: 321-14-83 E-mail: [email protected] http://smolhramspb.ru/ chapel_of_saint_xenia Opened: daily 10:00 a.m.–07:00 p.m. Worships: Liturgy daily at 10:00 a.m., on holidays and Sundays at 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., evening service at 05:00 p.m.

On July 19, 1786, the church in During the fl oods of 1824, the the name of the Smolensk Icon of the Smolensk Church suff ered little. Th e Mother of God was laid in place Northwest Th eologian aisle was rebuilt of the original alms-house. Th e under the project of A. D. Zakharov construction lasted for 5 years. Th e in 1809. In the 1891–1892s, from the project of the Smolensk church was southeast and northeast sides, under designed by the architect A. A. Ivanov. the project of the architect K. N. Ver- Th e church had two aisles. Lateral, bitsky there were attached aisles in in the name of the Apostle John the the name of Basil the Confessor and Th eologian, in which they placed the John the Baptist. In 1903, the church iconostasis from the abolished Th eo- was overhauled, and besides the aisles logian of St. John the Th eologian and St. Eli- church on the Vyborg side, was jah were re-designed by the architect consecrated on September 26, 1790. V. A. Kosyakov and artist F. R. Railean. Th e main aisle in the name of the On August 17, 1940, the execu- Smolensk Icon was consecrated fi ve tive committee of the Leningrad City days later. Th e iconostasis was carved Council decided to close the Smo- for it by Okhta masters headed by lensk Church. But in 1946, worship in Yakov Dunaev. the church of the Smolensk Icon of the Th e legend connects the church Mother of God was resumed. In those construction with the name of years, it was the only active church on St. Blessed Xenia, who secretly brought the Vasilievsky Island and it attracted stones to the scaff olding at night. many believers. 72 Churches

Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin on the Vasilievsky Island Address: 27/2 Lieutenant Schmidt emb. Telephone: 323-74-36 E-mail: [email protected] https://spb.optina.ru/ Opened: Daily 9:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m. Worships: Liturgy daily at 9:00 a.m., on holidays and Sundays at 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., evening service at 05:00 p.m.

Th e metochion was founded in the main aisle of the church was con- 1721. Historically, this place belonged secrated in honor of the Assumption to the diff erent monasteries: the Holy of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra in the mid- next day – a side aisle in honor of the dle of the 18th century, the Pskov Council of all the Reverend Fathers of Hierarch’s House thereaft er. Later, Kiev Caves. Th e metochion complex it was owned by the Kiev Pechersk rebuilt by V. A. Kosyakov included Lavra. Serious reconstruction of the the Assumption Church, a two-sto- whole metochion and construction of rey Metropolitan Building on a high a presently existing church are con- basement, fraternal wings, a clergy nected with the fact that it became the house forming the courtyard space, residence of Metropolitan Joanicius premises (horse stables, coach house, (Rudnev) of Kiev and Galicia, who storerooms) and two gardens. Th e life oft en came to St. Petersburg. Th e new of the monastic fraternity was shield- church in honor of the Assumption of ed from the bustling life of the capital the Blessed Virgin Mary and Rever- with a well-thought-out layout of resi- end Anthony and Th eodosius of Kiev dential buildings and a church. Caves was laid on August 15, 1895 by Th e metochion was closed by the metochion superior Archiman- March 1932. In June 1932, the As- drite Th eognostos under the project sumption Church of the metochion of the architect Vasily Antonovich was transferred from Patriarchal Con- Kosyakov. On December 18, 1897, duct to the Leningrad Diocese, the 73 Churches

metochion existed as a parish of the On September 15, 2013, His Holiness Assumption Church. In January 1935, Cyril, Patriarch of Moscow and All the church was closed and turned Russia celebrated the service of Great into a warehouse. At that time, all the Consecration of the restored church church property was destroyed, only of the Assumption of the Blessed Vir- the exterior decoration of the church – gin Mary. tiles, mosaic ornaments – survived. In Th e largest Orthodox library in 1961, the fi rst in Leningrad skating the city began to work again in the rink with artifi cial ice was opened in Metochion. In 2010, an Orthodox the church. Th e world famous Len- Gymnasium named aft er St. Rever- ingrad school of fi gure skating began end Ambrose of Optina was opened, on this rink. In June 1991, the church and in 2016, an evening four-year was returned to the Russian Ortho- icon-painting school for adults. Th e dox Church – Vvedensky Patriarchal metochion began to carry out work on Monastery Optina Pustyn. Since 1997, social service and charity: assistance the work began to recreate the paint- to large and single-parent families, ing of the church. In 2011, the icon- homeless and prisoners, elderly and ostasis, which disappeared aft er 1935, disabled. Charity events are organ- was reassembled according to the ized, targeted assistance is provided to archival photographs and drawings. those in need.

74 Churches

Saint Blessed Xenia Chapel Address: 24, Kamskaya Str. Telephone: 321-14-83 E-mail: [email protected] http://smolhramspb.ru/ chapel_of_saint_xenia Opened: daily 10:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m. Worships: continuously, with an interval of 5-10 minutes, prayers to St. Blessed Xenia for health and memorial prayers are said.

Xenia of Saint Petersburg, who to demolish the chapel, but it was died at the end of the 18th or the canceled later. During the Siege of beginning of the 19th century, was Leningrad, the chapel was used as buried in the Smolenskoe cemetery. a warehouse for containers of flam- An earthen mound was poured on mable liquids. In those years, a large her grave. The people who hon- number of church values were lost. ored Xenia believed in the mirac- In 1947, the chapel was opened ulous power of the land from her and after renovation, on Febru- grave and took by a handful with ary 1, 1947, it was consecrated by them. The mound was poured protopriest Vasily Raevsky – the many times and spread every time. superior of Smolensk Church. On Later, a stone slab was placed on November 18, 1962, it was closed the mound, which people also dis- again and given over to the sculp- assembled by stones. In the third ture workshop by decision of the quarters of the 19th century, a small authorities. It was returned to the chapel was built over the grave. In Russian Orthodox Church in 1983 1902, an extensive stone chapel was only. After restoration works, the erected in the pseudo-Russian style chapel was consecrated again on under the project of the architect August 10, 1987 by Metropolitan A.A. Vseslavin. In September 1940, Alexis (Ridiger) of Leningrad and the chapel was closed with the Smo- Novgorod. In 2003, a gilded dome lensk Church. Then it was decided was restored over the chapel. 75 Churches

St. Nicholas Cathedral of Common Faith Address: 24a, Marata Str. Telephone: 571-19-41 edinoverie-spb.ru

Opened: on weekends.

Worships: Liturgy on holidays and Sundays at 10:00 a.m., evening service at 5:30 p.m.

Th e temple was built in the 1820– Empire. In 1932, it was closed and, 1827s for a single faith community in 1934, it was given to the Museum according to the project of the ar- of the Arctic, which is located in the chitect A. I. Melnikov. Th e main al- church until now. tar was consecrated in the name of One of the two chapels in the tem- the Transfi guration of the Lord (the ple complex was returned to Church feast day is on August 19) in 1831; in 1993. In 2013, the city authorities the right side aisle (Tikhvin icon of handed to him premises that be- the Mother of God; the Patronal Day longed to the community and were is on July 9) – in 1827; left (St. Nicho- used for the parish school before the las the Miracle Worker; feast days on revolution. Services are provided at May 22, December19) – in 1828. In these premises and a Sunday school pre-revolutionary times, the church class will be equipped. was the Common Faith center of the

76 Old Ritual Old Ritual

Th e Old Ritual has never been the city on the Neva were under strong in the capital. Th e city it- supervision – Old Believers were self was founded only 50 years af- not allowed among them. ter the schism. Th ose people who Petersburg and its surround- settled down in the newly-built ings have never been the center capital by the orders of Peter I, of the Old Believers. Th ere were could not be Old Believers. First no roads here, there were no of all, it was the nobility taken out large settlements, but these plac- of Moscow. Th e artisans who built es, so close to Novgorod and Psk- 78 Old Ritual ov, were not abandoned either. nity to press and fi ght against the Th e source of the spread of Old Old Believers. Already in 1801, Believers in the capital was the the cemetery on the Volkovoe merchant class, the most con- Field, only three years ago allo- servative one and who cherished cated to the Fedoseyev followers, traditions. was confi scated in favor of Com- In 1752, the “schismatics” mon Faith followers, who turned were allowed to create a ceme- the former Fedoseyev chapel into tery in the capital. On Malaya a church. Ohta, there appeared a joint Fe- Th e position of the Old Be- doseevsky-Pomorian cemetery, lievers in the fi rst half of the 19th where a small wooden chapel was century did not change. In return built by Fedoseev followers. Th e for the plot at the Volkovskoe supporters of a priestless sect be- Cemetery selected in 1801, a na- gan to settle around the cemetery. tive of Moscow merchant F. Gro- Th e position of the Old Be- mov in 1825, gave land to the lievers under Catherine II. In south of the city, on the banks of her reign in the capital, several the Ligovsky Canal behind the Old Believer centers appeared Moscow highway, – on which an in the capital at once, the Fedo- alms-house was built soon, and seyev followers received land for aft er 19 years, a church was built. building a cemetery in the area of Th e Gromovskoye cemetery the Volkovka River, there was ar- became the religious center of ranged a male alms-house, which St. Petersburg for the Old Believ- was supplemented by a female ers of the priesthood creed. In alms-house in 1807; in 1792, a 1811 and 1834, Pomorians and stone prayer house was built at Fedoseyev followers managed the Maloohtinskoe cemetery by to build an alms-house and the Pomorians. stone prayer house at their cem- Th e name of Paul is associated etery in Malaya Ohta. with the introduction of a com- Th e government of Nicholas I mon faith (the practice of ritu- began to press the Old Believ- als according to the old rules in ers. In 1847, the building of the the framework of the dominant male alms-house located in the church). As a result, the Synodal Volkovskoe Cemetery was taken Church received a real opportu- from Fedoseyev followers. In the 79 Old Ritual

1871–1872s, the Old Believers tersburg diocese, the bishop Ger- had to expand and build a female ontius (Lakomkin) was repressed alms-house, in which a prayer in 1933. Th e Old Believers had to house was arranged. In 1848, the either meet in apartments or to authorities closed the newly built travel to regional communities, stone prayer house of Filipovites where mentors remained alive. on the Fontanka, until 1883 they In Soviet times, a new center were forced to pray secretly. In of the Old Believers appeared, at- 1852, all the premises of Pomo- tracting a large number of intel- rians and Fedoseyev followers lectuals. Th anks to the established at the Maloohtinskoe cemetery work of the Department of Old were taken away in favor of the Russian Literature of the Insti- dominant church. It was only af- tute of Russian Literature (IRLI) ter 13 years that they managed to of the Pushkin House, which was build a new alms-house near the headed for many years by the cemetery. Academician D. S. Likhachev, In 1855, a decree was issued and the creation by V. I. Malyshev forbidding Old Believers to enroll the beautiful Ancient Storage, in the merchant estate. Common more and more scientists studied faith followers became more active. the Old Believers. Changes in attitudes towards In 1946, the Old Believ- the Old Believers appeared in the er church was reopened in Manifesto on February 26, 1903: Kolomenskaya street (the Pomo- the right to administer faith freely rian creed), but it was closed in and to worship according to their 1960. In 1988, two former Ortho- rites was provided to all subjects dox churches were transferred of foreign and alien confessions. to the Old Believers: Alexander Over the next 10 years, nine Old Nevsky church on Preobrazhen- Believer churches were erected. skoye – to Belaya Krinitsa priest- In the early years, the Soviet hood creed and the Church of the government supported various Sign at the Kazan cemetery in Ry- opposing currents of the patri- batskoye – to Pomorians. archal church, including the Old Now, the Old Believers estimate Believers. But by the early 1930s, the number of permanent parish- all Old Believer churches were ioners (and all the creeds together) closed. Th e last hierarch of the Pe- in St. Petersburg at 800 people. 80 Churches

Church of the Icon of Our Lady of the Sign at the Kazan cemetery Address: 16A, Karavayevskaya Str. Telephone: +7-921-321-56-43 E-mail: [email protected] http://pomorian.ru Opened: on a special schedule. Worships: Th e worships are celebrated on Sundays and holidays, evening worship at 4:00 p.m., the Liturgy at 09:00 a.m.

Th e Church of the Sign was erect- factory L. L. Schaufelberger was ap- ed in the 1882–1883s. proved. Th e wooden church was laid Th e cemetery in Rybatskoye village on May 9, 1882 and consecrated in the existed since the reign of Peter and was name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother organized aft er the farmers-fi shermen of God on November 1, 1883. From from the Oka River were moved here it, the cemetery got its modern name. by the order of Peter I in 1710. It was Th e church was single-altar, small in located near the Church of the Protec- size: 5.5 fathoms in length by 7 arshins tion of Our Lady. In the early 1830s, in width. Pine, painted under oak aft er the sanitary service forbade the iconostasis was cut out by the teach- burial on the banks of the Neva, a new er of carpentry at the local school place was allocated for the cemetery. D. A. Travin, icons and paintings in Initially, there was only a wooden the dome were written by V. F. Paskin. chapel for the funeral services built in Th e temple image of the Kazan Moth- 1834. er of God was a copy of the main Aft er the assassination of Alexan- St. Petersburg shrine from the Kazan der II in March 1881, in memory of Cathedral; believers acquired it on him, the village peasants decided to general donations. Other icons were build a church in the cemetery. At the donated by local inhabitants. In the end of the same year, its project devel- 1887–1889s, a spacious stone nave with oped by the architect of the porcelain a bell tower was added to the church. 81 Churches

At the end of the 1920s, the church of the supporters of a priestless sect was closed. Th e wooden part of the of the Pomorian Creed. Th e survived church was dismantled. Until 1961, buildings were repaired and the de- the Neva artel warehouse was lo- stroyed church was partially restored. cated in the church building. In the Th is church was reconsecrated by the same year, worships began. In 1961, community in the name of the icon the building was transferred to the of the Mother of God “Sign.” In 1961, Orthodox Old Believer community worships were resumed in the church.

82 Churches

Church of the Icon of Our Lady of the Sign in Tverskaya Street Address: 8, Tverskaya Str. Telephone: 271-16-85 E-mail: [email protected] http://pomorian.ru

Opened: on a special schedule.

Worships: on a special schedule.

Aft er the manifesto of tolerance, ly participated in the city life: ran a a complex of structures was erected school, a nursing home and subse- on a plot of land within the bound- quently an infirmary. aries of Shpalernaya, Tverskaya and In 1933, the church was closed ac- Tavricheskaya streets: college, nurs- cording to the decision of the Lenin- ing home, apartment building, chap- grad City Executive Committee. el and church. Parts of the Church Th e icons and other church holy building – a belfry, а gallery and main vessels were transferred to the Rus- volume – were attached to an earlier sian Museum for storage, and were two-story building. Th ere was also a not plundered and destroyed, as was garden and burial place (cemetery) the case with other oratories. on the site. The church was laid in August 19, 1906 on the feast of the Transfig- uration and consecrated on De- cember 10, 1908 on the feast of the Virgin in honor of the Icon of the Sign, who was in Veliky Novgorod. The Church construction was carried out according to the plan and under the supervision of the artist and architect D. A. Kryzhanovsky. In the 1930s, the community active- 83 Churches

During the war, in the 1941– thorities, the building was transferred 1945, a military unit was located to the Design Style group, which was on the church territory. Th ere were engaged in the design, tuning and traces from the bombing of Lenin- creation of cars. grad and on the church building. In 1999, the building received the One of the concrete heads on the status of a monument of architecture roof and the maiolica of the north- of federal signifi cance. ern facade suff ered. Since 2005, the church building Later in Soviet times, the church was transferred to the Neva Old Be- building itself was transferred to the lievers Pomorian community. Avtoarmatura factory, which was lo- On December 10, 2007, Th e cated there until the early 1990s. In Church of the Sign of the Blessed Vir- the early 1990s, by order of the au- gin Mary was opened.

84 Churches

Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary (of the Belaya Krinitsa Creed) Address: 20, Alexandrovskoy Fermy ave. Telephone: 362-25-87 E-mail: [email protected] http://pokrov-spb.rpsc.ru Opened: on a special schedule. Worships: On the eve of the holidays and on Saturday at 3:00 p.m., on holidays and Sunday at 8:00 a.m.

Th e Church of the Intercession of building itself fell into a gradual decline the Blessed Virgin Mary was built in and was damaged signifi cantly. In the 1896 under the project sketches by early 1980s, namely in 1983, the church V. A. Kolyankovsky and consecrated was transferred to the Belaya Krinitsa in the name of St. Alexander Nevsky. Creed community of Old Believers, It is located in the zone of the mili- and by the end of the 1980s, it was re- tary branch of the Preobrazhenskoye stored by the eff orts of enthusiasts. Cemetery and is a cemetery church In 1988, in the year of celebrating with a belfry made in the form of a the 1000th anniversary of the Bap- steepled building. Th ere were services tism of Russia, the church was fi nally about soldiers who died in the hospi- consecrated and services were re- tals of Petrograd. stored in full. In 1938, the church was closed along with other churches of Lenin- grad. From 1932 to 1937, all the communities were liquidated by the authorities, their buildings were nationalized, the Intercession Cathedral was blown up. Since then, until 1982, the Old Be- lievers in Leningrad were in an illegal position. Over the following years, the 85 Churches

Ligovskaya Old Believer Community Address: 5, Transportny side-street Telephone: 982-25-10 www.rpsc-spb.ru

Opened: on a special schedule.

Worships: Saturday evening worship at 2:30 p.m., Sunday morning worship at 7:30 a.m., Wednesday and Friday prayer service at 7:30 a.m.

Th e church building was erected bought a plot of land for the construc- in 1916 for the Ligovsky Old Believer tion of a church near the old prayer community – one of the oldest com- house in Chubarov (now – Transport- munities in St. Petersburg. niy) side-street, house No.5. Since 1862, the Old Believers of In January 1916, it was approved this community gathered in the house a project of a young Petersburg archi- church in Yamskaya Street in the tect P. P. Pavlov, and the construction house of the merchant Aleksandrov. of a new spacious stone church be- In 1882, the community built a spa- gan. Th e church was built in two years cious wooden prayer house in build- and consecrated at the end of 1917, ing 46, Ligovsky Avenue, it was then a few weeks aft er the revolution. But that the community became known as already in the early 1920s, the church Ligovskaya. was closed, and the clergy and parish- But thirty years later, history re- ioners suff ered repressions. In Soviet peated itself: the prayer house failed times, the church building was rede- to accommodate all the parishion- veloped. In recent decades, it was the ers again. At this point, the situation dermatovenerologic dispensary, and in the country has changed: a 1905 then the metro warehouse. decree allowed the Old Believers to In 2005, the Petersburg city admin- build not only house churches and istration decided to return the build- prayer houses, but also churches. At ing of the former church in Transport- the beginning of 1915, the community ny side-street to the community. 86 Armenian Apostolic Church Armenian Apostolic Church

Th e Armenian Apostolic As the state religion, Christi- Church is one of the oldest in the anity in Armenia was adopted in world and throughout the history 301. Th e main role in the adop- of Christianity remains an integral tion of Christianity was played by part of the “united, holy, catholic St. Gregory the Illuminator of Ar- and apostolic church” of Christ. menia, who became the fi rst Ca- It is called the Apostolic, being tholicos of the Armenian Church founded by the apostles of Christ – (302–325) and the king of Arme- Th addaeus and Bartholomew. It nia Tiridates III (287–330). belongs to the family of Ancient Armenians appeared on the Eastern Orthodox churches, which banks of the Neva immediately include Ethiopian, Coptic, Syrian aft er founding the city. Th e fi rst and Indian-Malabar churches. Th e written evidence of the activities spiritual and administrative center – of Armenians in St. Petersburg the First-Th roned St. Echmiadzin – dates back to 1708. In 1711, Peter Catholicosat of All Armenians. I gave the Senate a decree: “Arme- 88 Armenian Apostolic Church nians are as much as possible to be ty immediately began fundraising. treated nice and assisted, in what Everyone participated in this char- is decent, to promote their wish of itable deed to the degree of one’s a bigger arrival.” ability. Th e main part of the capital Th e fi rst head of the local Arme- was contributed by Count Lazarev nian community, Gukas Shirvan- himself, donating a very impres- yan (Luka Shirvanov), asked the sive amount for those times – Empress Anna Ioannovna to allow 30 thousand rubles. Th e construc- the construction of a church in tion of the church and adjacent the courtyard of his house along church houses was carried out by the 3rd line of the Vasilievsky Is- the project author, the most fa- land. On January 18, 1740, a per- mous architect of St. Petersburg mission followed with a resolu- Yuri Matveevich Veldten. Aft er 8 tion: “By this petition is allowed,” years, in 1779, in front of the un- but the church, unfortunately, re- fi nished Shopping Arcade (Gosti- mained unfi nished. A new stage ny Dvor), arose a slender and el- in the construction of Armeni- egant church, around which the an churches dates back to the ensemble of buildings of the Ar- time of the reign of Catherine II. menian community formed later. In July 1763, a manifesto on the In parallel with the church free administration of church rites erection, there began the con- by all peoples settled in Russia was struction of the house, into which issued. In both the capitals, places Lazarev contributed 60 thousand were set aside for the erection of rubles. Veldten was faced with the churches of a diff erent faith. the task of creating an architec- On May 2, 1770, according to tural ensemble, which, in addi- the humble petition of the lead- tion to the church itself, included er of the Armenian community, two wings facing the red line of major statesman and enlightener Nevsky Avenue with their front Ivan Lazarevich Lazarev, Cathe- facades. rine II transferred a plot of land In house number 40 in Nevsky on the northern side of Nevsky Avenue, there lived the statesman Avenue for the construction of the and businessman H. Ya. Lazarev, Armenian church. Th e communi- founder of the Lazarev Institute 89 Armenian Apostolic Church

in Moscow E. L. Lazarev, artist, and offi ce of the Moscow news- Major General S. D. Abamelek- paper “Economic Life”, the “New Lazarev and his son archaeologist Book” store and library entered S. S. Abamelek-Lazarev. Th e here. Now here is – the Commit- tenants of the house were also tee on Culture of the Administra- statesmen – Count V. P. Kochu- tion of St. Petersburg. bey and Count I. D. Delyanov. In In 2010, the Armenian com- the 1830s, the confectionery of munity of St. Petersburg cele- A. Ambiel was located here, then – brated its 300th anniversary. Th e the restaurant of I. L. Isler. In the youth organization of the Arme- middle of the 19th century, the nian Church of St. Petersburg editorial board of the “Library for “Nor Serund” (“New Generation”) Reading” magazine was working; took an active part in most of the for several years it was headed by anniversary events. During this A. Pisemsky. In the 1860s, there period, the organization managed was a bookstore of the landown- to attract proactive and responsi- er E. P. Pechatkin. In the 1866– ble young people, which made it 1875s, the “Russian Book Trade” possible to achieve good pace and settled in this store uniting become a center of youth associ- trade enterprises of N. L. Tiblen, ation. E. P. Pechatkin and N. P. Polyak- Under the Armenian Apos- ov. Since 1878, the premises were tolic Church of St. Petersburg, rented by A. S. Suvorin under his the Russian-Armenian Cultural largest bookstore, the offi ces of Center “Vernatun” functions, the the “New Time” newspaper and grand opening and consecration the “Historical Gazette,” maga- of which took place on June 29, zine in the 1900–1917s – “New 2011 with the visit of Garegin II time” publishing house. Th ey of the Supreme Patriarch and Ca- were adjoined by the art salon of tholicos of All Armenians. Th e V. A. Izdebsky and the Cafe de Cultural Center “Vernatun” peri- France, later – confectionery of odically organizes exhibitions and the “D. I. Abrikosov and sons.” events, holds spiritual talks, as Aft er the revolution, the North- well as meetings with cultural and West branch of the editorial offi ce art workers. 90 Churches

St. Catherine’s Church

Address: 40-42, Nevsky ave. Telephone: 570-41-08 E-mail: [email protected] http://armenian-church.org Opened: daily 9:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m. Worships: daily Liturgy at 10:30 a.m., on Sundays at 11:00 a.m., evening worship at 4:30 p.m. In 1770, according to the petition out by the project author, the most of the leader of the Armenian com- famous architect of St. Petersburg, munity, a major statesman and en- Yu. M. Veldten. Aft er 8 years, in lightener I. L. Lazarev Catherine II 1779, in front of the unfi nished transferred a plot of land on the north Shopping Arcade (Gostiny Dvor), side of Nevsky Avenue for the con- arose a slender and elegant church, struction of the Armenian Church. around which the ensemble of build- Th e construction of the church and ings of the Armenian community adjacent church houses was carried formed later.

91 Churches

On February 18, 1780, the spiritual of the dome, the roof of the altar, on leader of the Russian Armenians, spandrels under the dome. Archbishop Hovsep Argutyants (Jo- Finishing of walls and columns seph Argutinsky) consecrated the with colored artifi cial marble is com- church in the name of St. Catherine. pletely restored. Th e fl oor is lined Th e celebrations were attended by again with natural marble. Th e cross Prince G. A. Potemkin. on the dome and the altar are re- In the late 1920s, the church was stored. In the process of restoration, closed and used for warehouses, of- two marble fonts with sculptural re- fi ces, workshops, which led to ruin- lief were discovered. Th e dates “1782” ing down and signifi cant destruction. and “1784” are carved on their sur- In August 1992, the church was re- face. Miraculously preserved peers of turned to the community. Th e most the church, they also survived all the diffi cult restoration of the building vicissitudes of its 220-year history. began. Th e foundation was water- On July 12, 2000, the restored proofed, fl oor beams ugly dividing church was jointly consecrated by the interior into two fl oors were re- Garegin II, the Supreme Patriarch moved. and Catholicos of All Armenians Th e clearance of surviving oil with the participation of the Patriarch painting was made on the huge area Alexis II of Moscow and All Russia.

92 Churches

Church of the Holy Resurrection

Address: 29, the Smolenka River emb. Telephone: 350-53-01 E-mail: [email protected] http://armenian-church.org Opened: daily 9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Worships: Th e liturgy is celebrated every Sunday.

Th e church was built in the 1791– of St. Resurrection were destroyed 1793s at the expense of I. L. Lazarev or disappeared completely. as a shrine for his son who died in In 1901, a church house, the fa- the Russian-Swedish war, and then cades of which are decorated with became the family shrine of the Laza- carved ornaments with motifs of Ar- revs, where were subsequently buried menian architecture, was built near- I. L. Lazarev, his wife E. I. Lazareva, by under the project of the architect his brother M. L. Lazarev and other Alexander Kochetov. family members. Consecration took In the 1930s , the church was place in 1793. closed and used as a sculpture work- Th e church project is attributed to shop, among others, the sculptor the architect Veldten, who also built V.B. Pinchuk worked in it. In 1988, Armenian churches in St. Peters- with the zeal of the spiritual pastor burg and Moscow. Th e church was of the Armenians of St. Petersburg, built by the architects E. T. Sokolov, monk-priest Yezras Nersisyan, the A. Porto and S. P. Bernikov. church was returned to the parish- In 1802, the sculptor Martos ioners in a ruined, disfi gured form. sculpted the tomb of A. Lazarev. Th is Upon completion of the restoration magnifi cent work is widely known in 1992, the church was consecrated in the history of Russian art. In 1934, and the worships are celebrated in it the monument was transported to today. the Museum of Urban Sculpture, In 1994,a carved khachkar by the to the Annunciation burial vault, Yerevan sculptor A. Hovsepyan was where it is still located. All other installed in front of the church fa- memorial structures of the Church cade. 93

Catholicism Catholicism

In the early years of the city, Avenue (the same one on which about 100 Catholics lived here. St. Catherine’s Basilica stands Th ey did not have their own now). By this time, – in the 1727– church, and worship was celebrat- 1733s, – the communities of other ed in the house of the fi rst architect churches received land plots for of St. Petersburg, Domenico Trez- the construction of their church- zini. In 1714, the construction of es near the future Nevsky Avenue. the wooden Catholic church in the Several stone houses were built Greek settlement was started ac- here. One of them housed a chap- cording to the project of Trezzini, el and an alms-house, while oth- he was also the head of the com- ers were leased, and the money munity. Th ere was a hospice at the they earned were accumulated to church. Th is hospice was expand- ensure that there were funds for ed several times. At that time, the the church construction. Th e fi rst Catholics enjoyed certain privileg- architect of this church was to be es in St. Petersburg, for example, Pietro Trezzini, son of Domeni- among heterodoxes only they had co Trezzini, who was engaged in the right to ring bells. construction before his depar- In 1735, by order of Anna Io- ture in 1751. It was according to annovna, a new land plot was al- his design that the building was located to the Catholics in Nevsky moved to the depth of the quarter, 96 Catholicism which helped to see it in its entire- He granted Archbishop Stanisław ty. But the cathedral consecration Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz the title took place on October 7, 1783 of Metropolitan of all the Roman only. Th e parish of the church of Catholic churches in Russia and ob- St. Catherine was supported by tained a cardinal vestment for him. the Empress, who in 1769, gave a Th e land plot for the construc- chart of possession in perpetuity tion of the building for the church of all the buildings and to perform clergy of a parish was allocated worships by the Roman Catholic on the Catherine Canal embank- rite. According to the regulations ment to the Catholics. A house of Catherine II, the church of was built near Nevsky Avenue on St. Catherine was appointed the the embankment of the Catherine main cathedral of the Catholic Canal for the Jesuit collegium. parish uniting St. Petersburg, Kro- Representatives of many Russian nstadt, Yamburg, Revel and Riga. grandees were educated here: the Th e regulations also took into Baryatinskys, the Volkonskys, the account the multinational nature Vyazemskys. Pushkin could be- of the community. So the prior come a pupil of Jesuits, and only should have had eight assistants, the opening of the Tsarskoye Selo which should have included two Lyceum prompted the parents of Germans, a French, an Italian, and young Alexander to send him to a Polish. this educational institution. In the second half of the 18th In 1798, the Catholic Cathedral century, the number of Catholics of St. Paul was opened in Kro- in St. Petersburg increased rapid- nstadt, and in 1800 – the Maltese ly. In 1772, the fi rst partition of Church of St. John of Jerusalem Poland occurred, and many Poles in Sadovaya Street. Metropolitan moved to the capital. Th e French Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz was ap- Revolution of 1789 was marked by pointed Chairman of the Roman the relocation of many Catholic Catholic Th eological Collegium. emigrants to Russia. He was a wonderful historian, In the era of Paul I, the position philologist, engaged in agronomy of the Roman Catholic Church in and medicine, and was a member Russia was further strengthened. of the Russian Academy. 97 Catholicism

Until the middle of the 19th stopped. In March 1923, the head century, the community of St. Pe- of the Roman Catholic Church in tersburg Catholics did not have a Russia, Archbishop Jan Cieplak, special place for the burial of de- and other 14 Catholic priests were ceased parishioners. In 1856, the arrested. community bought a plot of land By the end of the 1030s, in near the Finlyandsky Rail Ter- Russia, there were only two active minal, so-called Kulikovo Field. Catholic churches – St. Louis in In the 1857–1859s, here, accord- Moscow and Our Lady of Lourdes ing to the project of N. L. Benoit, in Leningrad. All parish life was the building of the Church of the strictly controlled by the author- Blessed Virgin Mary was erected. ities. In contrast to them, by the Th ere was a shrine of the Benoit end of the 70s, “catacomb” Catho- family near the church. At the end lic communities began to arise in of the 19th century, a shelter for Moscow and Leningrad. the elderly “Polishes in St. Peters- As a result of a personal agree- burg” was organized at the church ment at a meeting of M. S. Gor- At the beginning of the 20th bachev and Pope John Paul II on century, 8 Catholic cathedrals December 1, 1989, it was decided and at least 10 parish and house to establish diplomatic relations churches functioned in St. Peters- between the USSR and Vatican. On burg. In the church of St. Cath- April 13, 1991, the appointment of erine, a large Walker organ was new bishops in Rome restored the installed; music constantly sound- hierarchy of the Catholic Church ed here, spiritual music concerts in Russia. Th e activity of Catholic were given. monastic orders in Russia was re- In 1907, the fi rst gymnasium stored. in St. Petersburg was organized In February 1992, the Peters- with teaching in Polish. In the burg city administration decided years 1912–1913, 478 students to return the church of St. Cath- studied in it. erine. On the fi rst Sunday of Oc- Soon aft er 1917, the Roman tober 1992, at 6 p.m., the main Catholic Th eological Academy Catholic church of the city was was closed, lessons in gymnasiums re-consecrated. 98 Churches

Basilica of St. Catherine of Alexandria

Address: 32-34, Nevsky ave., Telephone: 926-57-95 E-mail: [email protected] http://catherine.spb.ru

Opened: daily.

Worships: masses in Russian are celebrated daily, in Polish, English, French – on Sun- days, in Spanish – on Saturdays.

Basilica of St. Catherine of Al- of Alexandria, patroness of the Em- exandria is one of the oldest Catho- press Catherine II. lic churches in Russia and the only Th e church is associated with the church in the country to which the names of prominent people. In 1798, honorary title of the Small Basilica is the last Polish king Stanisław August assigned. Poniatowski was buried here (lat- Th e parish was founded in 1716; er reburied in Poland), and in 1813, in 1738, Empress Anna Ioannovna al- the French general Jean Victor Marie lowed the construction of a church in Moreau. Montferrand, the architect Nevsky Avenue, but the construction of St. Isaac’s Cathedral, belonged to was very diffi cult. Th e initial project the community. He married here, was developed by P. A. Trezzini. In baptized his son and a funeral ser- the 1760s, the architect J. B. Wallen- vice was read over him aft er his Delamot continued construction. At death (buried in France). Th e parish- this time, the community served in a ioners of the church were Princess temporary church, the hall for which Z. A. Volkonskaya, Decembrist was equipped in a neighboring house. M. S. Lunin, Prince I. S. Gagarin. In In 1782, the church construction was 1859, the architect F. O. Schechtel completed under the guidance of the was baptized in the church. architects Minciani and A. Rinaldi. Th e Catholic Church in Nevsky On October 7, 1783 the cathedral was Avenue was attended not only by the consecrated in honor of St. Catherine parishioners of St. Petersburg. Adam 99 Churches

Mickiewicz, Honore de Balzac, Fer- was decided to transform it into an enc Liszt, Th eophile Gautier, Alex- organ hall of the philharmonic. In ander Dumas came here to get ac- February 1984, a severe fi re broke quainted with the Russian capital. out in the building, which fi nally de- In 1839, the superior of the Ca- stroyed the interior decoration. thedral of St. Catherine established In 1991, a parish was registered, a female gymnasium originally de- in February 1992, a chapel was con- signed for a 6-year course of study. secrated and restoration work be- At the Cathedral of St. Catherine, gan. On April 16, 2000, the altar part a male Catholic gymnasium, into of the church was consecrated. Th e which the college founded by the restoration of the interior is still on- Jesuit fathers was transformed, also going. functioned. Concerts and meetings with cul- Before the revolution of 1917, the tural fi gures are held in the church. parish numbered more than 30,000 Th ere is a society to help the needy. persons. Th ere were people who Th e parish has about 1,500 people. served at the parish and who were be- Th e shrine of the church is an old atifi ed by the Catholic Church: Zyg- altar cross rescued by parishioner So- munt Felinski, Ursula Ledóchowska, fi a Stepulkovskaya and now returned Anthony Leshchevich. to the church. In 1938, the church was closed In 2016, an organ made for the and plundered. Ruining of the church Smolny Cathedral was transported was completed by fi re in 1947, when and installed in the Basilica of St. the interior was damaged, the organ Catherine. Th e best organists from pipes melted. Th e church building Russia and other countries perform was used as a warehouse. In 1977, it in the church.

100 Churches

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes

Address: 7A, Kovensky side-street Telephone: +7-911-209-59-53 http://kovensky.ru/ Opened: daily. Worships: Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday – evening mass, Tuesday, Th ursday – morning mass, Sunday – mass from 10:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. in Polish and Russian. Th e history of the Church of Our ovich in the style of French medieval Lady of Lourdes begins with the ef- churches with the infl uence of the forts of the French Catholics in 1891 northern art nouveau. Th e church to create a chapel in honor of the Vir- construction was carried out in the gin Mary of the Immaculate Concep- 1903–1909s. Th e ceremony of conse- tion in the church of St. Catherine of cration of the new church by bishop Jan Alexandria. Th e main shrine of the Cieplak took place on November 22, chapel was a small statue of the Vir- 1909. Th e French Church in the name gin Mary brought from Lourdes. On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the Lourdes phenomena, the permission was obtained to build a new Catholic church in St. Petersburg. In December 1900, a temporary chapel was opened. Th e stone building project was created by L. N. Benois. In 1903, aft er the completion of the construction of the Trinity Bridge across the Neva, the administration of the Batignolles company transferred a large amount of granite to the church construction. Th e church design was redone by L. N. Benois and M. M. Peretyatk- 101 Churches

of the Mother of God became the washed, the loudspeaker equipment sixth parish church of the Catholic was installed, and the parish house community of St. Petersburg. was rebuilt signifi cantly. From 1938 to 1992, this church On November 22, 2009, the com- remained the only active Catholic munity solemnly celebrated the church in Leningrad (except for sev- church consecration centenary. eral months from January to June Since the 1990s, the church repeat- 1923, as well as the period from July edly hosted ordination ceremonies of 1941 to August 1945, when worships deacons and presbyters of the Catho- were not celebrated in it). lic Church, as well as ceremonies to In 1957, an organ was installed in renew vows by members of monastic the church. In the 1990s, the church orders and congregations. was overhauled, the basement was Th e brotherhood of St. Bernadette, cleared, a new altar, benches, mosa- the prayer group of the Living Rosary, ic-painted stained-glass windows (au- the “Mothers in Prayer” movement, thors – Isabella and Mikhail Baykov) the Good Samaritan group, the Sun- were installed, the walls were white- day school function at the church.

102 Churches

Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Address: 11, 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya Str. Telephone: 316-42-55 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] http://uspenie.spb.ru Opened: 8:45 a.m.–10:00 a.m., 5:00 p.m.–8:00 p.m. Worships: Masses on weekdays in Russian at 9:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m., on Saturday at 9:00 a.m. in Russian, at 7:00 p.m. in Latin, on Sunday from 9:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., at 3:00 p.m. in Polish. Construction of the cathedral at took place in 1896–1897. Th e church the residence of the archbishop was capacity was increased, the side aisles going on from 1870 to 1873. Th e pro- were added, the interior was changed, ject author was architect V. I. Sobolsh- and the painting was updated. On chikov, aft er his death, the construc- December 23, 1897, the rebuilt cation was completed by E. S. Vorotilov. thedral was re-consecrated. In 1900, By the 90s of the 19th century, the a Catholic seminary was transferred cathedral parish increased and a ques- to the building of the archdiocesan tion about the restructuring of the house next to the cathedral, and the building arose. Th e expansion work residence of the archbishop moved to

103 Churches

nearby building No. 118 on the Fon- the same year, the seminary building tanka embankment. Th e parish of the was also returned, where the Higher Assumption constantly grew and be- Catholic Seminary “Mary the Queen fore the revolution of 1917, there were of the Apostles” moved from Moscow. about 15–20 thousand parishion- Extensive work on the restoration ers. In the 1873–1926s, the cathedral of the church was carried out more bore the status of a cathedral church than two years, in 1998, the cathedral and was the residence of Metropoli- was consecrated. tan Mogilevsky, head of the Catholic Th e cathedral is hidden from Kras- Church on the territory of the Russian noarmeyskaya Street by the building Empire. occupied by the only Catholic semi- In 1918, the seminary was closed. nary in Russia “Mary the Queen of the In 1930, the church was closed fi nally. Apostles”. Aft er the Great Patriotic War, the Th e cathedral regularly hosts con- church building damaged by bomb certs of sacred music, the Catholic In- hits was converted to the needs of the formation and Education Center “Mi- design bureau. litia Dei” operates, a parish newspaper In September 1995, the church is published and the Sunday School building was returned to Church, in functions.

104 Churches

Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus

Address: 57, Babushkina Str. Telephone: 560-89-23 https://vk.com/club14148138 Opened: daily. Worships: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday at 6:00 p.m., Th ursday at 7:00 p.m., Sunday at 12:00 a.m. Th e Church of the Sacred Heart of roof of the building and the two up- Jesus was erected at the beginning of per tiers of the built bell tower were the 20th century. dismantled, then the church was In 1892, several thousand Catho- sealed. Th e building initially belonged lics living outside the Nevskaya Zasta- to the industrial complex, then to va (Picket) decided to apply for the “Spetsstroy” trust, it was heavily reconstruction of a Catholic church in built, and internal overlaps were built their destrict. Th e building permit that divided the church into 4 fl oors. was obtained in autumn of 1905. At In 1993 there was registered the the same time, a temporary chapel Catholic community which allocat- was equipped at Obukhov factory, ed a part of the building. On June 6, which had a subordinate status in re- 1996, the fi rst worship was celebrated lation to the church of St. Catherine in the temporary chapel. In 2003, the of Alexandria. Th e project was made entire building was transferred to the by the architect Stefan Galenzowski. Church. Th e church was conceived with tall In 2011, work began to restore Gothic bell towers and decorative the original appearance of the church arrangement. However, funds from and the worships were transferred donations for construction were not to the Cathedral of the Assumption enough, so it was delayed until 1917 of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and in and the towers had to be abandoned. 2014, to the Franciscan Monastery of Th e church was consecrated aft er the St. Anthony the Miracle Worker. revolution. Since June 12, 2015, the church wor- In July 1936, there was a fi re in the ships resumed in parallel with the on- building, aft er which the high gothic going restoration. 105 Churches

Church of St. Stanislaw the Bishop Address: 22, Soyuza Petchatnikov Str. Telephone: 714-00-71 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.stan-mta.ru Opened: daily 6:00p.m.–8:00 p.m., also during worships. Worships: on weekdays at 7:00 p.m. (Th ursday in Polish), on Saturday at 5:30 p.m., on Sunday at 11:00 a.m. Church of St. Stanisław was built on of D. Visconti. Th e church was con- the place of the former home of the fi rst secrated in the name of St. Stanisław Catholic metropolitan of the Russian by Metropolitan Bohusz Siestrzeńce- Empire, Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńce- wicz, a year later the Metropolitan wicz, who donated a plot of land and died and was buried in the church. money for the church construction. Th e Church of St. Stanisław became Th e church construction was the second Catholic church in St. Pe- from 1823 to 1825, under the project tersburg. Th e parish was formed for old, poor and sick people who found it diffi cult to attend the church of St. Catherine. In 1829, an elementary school named aft er Siestrzeńcewicz was opened at the church. Th e parish grew rapidly, and by 1917, the number of parishioners ex- ceeded 10,000. From 1887 to 1921, the bishop Antoni Malecki, a prominent fi gure of the Catholic Church in Russia, served in the church. Th e church was closed in October 1934, the building housed a warehouse, a workshop for the produc- 106 Churches tion of gas masks, and since 1961, a church, was transferred to the center workshop of the Rot Front factory. of the western nave during the res- In the 80s of the 20th century, toration. the original interior was restored, In the church, particles of the rel- aft er which, the salon of fashion and ics of St. Stanislaw, who were brought the assembly hall are located in the to St. Petersburg from the cathedral church. of Wawel in Krakow. In 1992, Th e parish of St. Stanis- Th e parish has a Sunday school law was re-registered. In 1996, the for children, classes on catechism church building was returned to for adults are conducted. Th e pub- Church. Th e church restoration lic concerts of classical music are took about two years, the grave of held periodically in the church. Th e Archbishop Bohusz Siestrzeńce- pilgrimages to the Christian shrines wicz, which was located in the unen- of Russia and Europe are performed cumbered chapel in the crypt of the every year.

107 Churches

Church of the Visitation of Elizabeth by the Blessed Virgin Mary Address: 21d, Mineralnaya str. Telephone: 310-04-66 E-mail: itestark @ gmx.net https://vk.com/visitmaria Opened: daily. Worships: daily, except Sunday, at 7:00 p.m., Sunday at 12:00 a.m., at 3:00p.m., at 6:00 p.m. In 1852, the Catholic clergy of chitect Nicolas Benois were buried St. Petersburg requested the open- in the church crypt. Many famous ing of a Catholic cemetery in the people were buried in the cemetery city. In 1856, Emperor Alexander II near the church: artists F. A. Bruni, approved the creation of a Catholic L. O. Premazzi, A. I. Charlemagne, cemetery and a chapel in it. In 1859, psychiatrist I. P. Merzheevsky, fe- the built chapel was consecrated in male singer A. Bosio and others. the name of the Assumption of the Th e parish of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary by the Metro- Visitation conducted active charita- politan Wacław Żyliński. ble and educational activities. Th ere In the 1870s, it was decided to was a children’s shelter, a shelter for turn the chapel into a church, Nico- poor and sick women at the church. las Benois became the project au- In 1914, the school was opened, and thor of the clock bell tower, which subsequently pro-gymnasium was was attached to the church. Th e opened. Th e school at the Church rebuilt church was consecrated in of the Visitation was headed by 1879 in the name of the Visitation Bolesława Lyment beatifi ed later. of Elizabeth by the Blessed Virgin Th e church continued to func- Mary. Th e church had six altars and tion until 1938. Next year the cem- initially served for burial services etery was eliminated, a part of the only. Th e painting of the church in- graves of the most famous people terior was made by the famous artist was transferred to the museum ne- Adolf Charlemagne. Some Catholic cropolises of Alexander Nevsky archbishops and metropolitans, as Lavra and to the Assumption Cem- well as the church creator – the ar- etery. Th e church building was re- 108 Churches built, fi rst it housed a potato storage, In April 2002, the church build- then an industrial laboratory. By the ing was returned to the Catholics in end of the 1970s, most of the territo- an extremely poor condition. Partial ry of the cemetery was built up with restoration was carried out, regular factories. worships were resumed in 2005.

109

Lutheranism Lutheranism

Initially, the formation of the historian and participant in the Lutheran community of St. Pe- Patriotic War of 1812 General tersburg was due to the eff orts of A. I. Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky, the government, which sought to anatomist, doctor and pedagogue attract German and Finnish spe- P. F. Lesgaft , poet D. I. Harms. cialists and workers to the capital Since the 20s of the 18th cen- construction. Th e fi rst half of the tury, one of the centers of Luther- 18th century became a “golden” an life in St. Petersburg was the time for St. Petersburg Lutheran- Vasilievsky Island. Th e institu- ism. During this time, fi ve Ger- tions and services located on the man, one Swedish and one Finn- island employed many Lutheran ish Lutheran communities arose foreigners. In order to participate in St. Petersburg. in worships in the house of Crui- Th e fi rst church uniting Lu- js, they had to be constantly trans- therans and Reformed Evange- ferred from one bank of the Neva lists, the Church of St. Peter was to another. Th erefore, in 1728, organized in 1704 at the house of the Vasilievsky Island Lutherans Vice Admiral of the Russian Navy, separated from the community of a Dutch by birth, Cornelis Cruijs St. Peter and organized an inde- (1657–1727). pendent community. Th e Smo- In 1710, the church opened lenskoe Lutheran cemetery – one a school, which became one of of the largest in St. Petersburg, the most famous in St. Peters- founded in 1747 – was attribut- burg – Petrischule. At diff erent ed to this parish of St. Catherine. times, in this school studied: As well as the Volkovskoye cem- composer M. P. Mussorgsky, ar- etery, the Smolenskoye cemetery chitects K. I. Rossi, K. A. Ton, was intended for the burial of A. N. Benois, A. H. Pel, Outstand- non-Orthodox Christians – not ing Pediatrician K. A. Rauchfus, only Lutherans, but also Catho- 112 Lutheranism lics, Reformed Evangelists and tonian, Latvian and other par- members of the Anglican Church. ishes. By 1917, the total area of the cem- In the 19th century, a well-de- etery reached 15 hectares. For all veloped school system was the time of its existence, between formed in the Evangelical Lu- 25 and 30 thousand graves have theran Church in St. Petersburg. been made on it. Almost every community had its By the beginning of the 19th own school. In addition to the century, there were 13 Lutheran two most famous Lutheran ed- churches in St. Petersburg. Elev- ucational institutions created in en of them were German, with the 18th century, Petrischule and one church each having Finn- Annenschule, nother four schools ish and Swedish communities. were organized by the evangelical In national terms, Lutheranism parishes of St. Petersburg in the in Russia was divided into three middle of the 19th century. groups of equal size – Germans, For a long time, the Lutheran Estonians and Latvians. In 1819, Church organized confi rmation the government formed the and Sunday schools and village Consistory General for Evangel- libraries in Ingermanland, and ical Parishes, which was admin- helped to maintain the compact- istered by the Ministry of Inter- ness of Finnish parishes. In the nal Affairs and subordinate to 19th century, three Finnish print- the emperor. In 1832, Nicholas I ing houses worked in St. Peters- proclaimed the formation of the burg, and two Finnish book shops Evangelical Lutheran Church in distributed literature in Finnish Russia and granted the Church a and Swedish. Charter. This order existed until Th e fi rst programs of deacon- 1924, when the united Lutheran ic ministry of Lutheran churches Church of Russia was divided of St. Petersburg appeared in the into the German Evangelical Lu- middle of the 18th century and theran Church and the Evangel- were connected with the com- ical Lutheran Church of Ingria, munity of St. Anne. In the late as well as separate Russian, Es- 1760s, the fi rst Lutheran shel- 113 Lutheranism

ter for widows and orphans was people suff ered exile, shooting. built with community funds in Th e feature of repression was the capital. Th e German commu- that they were directed not only nity of St. Peter opened an Edu- against Lutheranism as such, but cational home for orphans-boys also against peoples who con- among the parishioners. In 1841, fessed Lutheranism. In total, more the same house was opened for than 60 thousand Germans were girls. Lutheran communities and evicted from their lands from unions organized and built nu- 1928 to 1935. merous homes for the elderly, In 1969, the parishes of Ingria hospitals and clinics, orphanages Church began to be restored. In and boarding houses for the disa- Leningrad, the fi rst of the revived bled. Th ere were shelters in many communities became the Inger- communities. manland community in Pushkin With the outbreak of World in 1977. War I, all the German church In 1993, the building of the charitable societies were closed Church of St. Peter in Nevsky in the capital. In 1916, all the Lu- Avenue was returned to the be- theran consistories and parishes lievers. In 1993, the Center for were forbidden to keep records in Russian-German Meetings was German. opened here. Its purpose is to In September 1917, the board strengthen cultural ties be- of the Consistory declared the tween Russia and Germany. In Ingermanland Finnish Church 1997, the building of Church of self-directed, or independent. Af- St. Catherine on the Vasilevsky ter the formation of the independ- Island was transferred to the parent Baltic states, the Baltic consis- ish of the Evangelical Lutheran tory districts separated from the Church of Russia. Catherine on Evangelical Lutheran Church. the Vasilievsky Island. In Septem- In 1928, the General Synod of ber 1998, an offi cial consecration the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Th eological Seminary of met for the last time. Churches the Evangelical Lutheran Church were closed, property was seized, took place. 114 Churches

Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Peter and Paul (Peterskirche) Address: 22–24, Nevsky ave. Telephone: 312-07-98 E-mail: [email protected] http://petrikirche.ru Opened: daily. Worships: Sunday at 10:30 a.m., as well as on a separate schedule.

Th e Petrikirche building erected pation of D. Trezzini, fi nished by in the 1833–1838s is the third church I. Ya. Schumacher. Th e church was set in the history of the St. Petersburg deep in the plot, and on the side of the Lutheran community and the second avenue it was fl anked by corner hous- in this place. On December 27, 1727, es. At the beginning of the 19th cen- Peter II issued a decree according to tury, the organist in the church was which the community received a land G. N. Gerber, student of J. S. Bach. plot on “Th e Nevsky perspective”, a For a hundred years, the fi rst kirch church, a church school and a pastor’s faded. In 1832, a project competition house were to be built on it. was held with the participation of the Th is place for two centuries was architects A. P. Briullov, P. P. Jaco, the main center of the German col- A. F. Kriech, E. F. Pascal, G. R. Zol- ony of St. Petersburg. Its found- likofer. Th e existing church was er is considered naval commander erected in the years 1833–1838 by K. I. Cruijs: Th e Lutheran Reformed A. P. Briullov, an architect of Ger- Church, opened in 1708 on its con- man origin, a leading master of the ventual church near the Neva became transition period from late classicism the ancestor of the Protestant church- to romanticism. Briullov creatively es of St. Petersburg, and especially used techniques and forms of Ro- German. Th e fi rst of the heterodox manesque architecture, creating an churches in Nevsky Avenue was erect- expressive and characteristic image ed in the 1728–1730s under the lead- of a non-Orthodox church. Th e main ership of the military engineer Count facade ends with two symmetrical B. Ch. Münnich with the partici- square towers. Th e marble statues of 115 Churches

the apostles Peter and Paul before the Christians of all faiths were increas- entrance are sculpted out by Italian ing. Petrikirche was closed at the end master A. Triscorni. Th ese are copies of 1937, the last pastors were arrested of sculptures by the famous Danish and shot later. sculptor A. Th orvaldsen, high reliefs In the 1940s and 1950s, the church of the evangelists over the arcade – building contained a variety of ware- T. N. Jacques, an angel fi gure on the houses. Th en there was built a pool, parapet – I. Herman. which was opened in 1962. On the Reformation Day, Octo- Th e building of the church of St. ber 31, 1838, the church building was Peter was returned to the Evangelical consecrated. Lutheran Church in June 1993, and Aft er 1917, many congregations Petricirche itself became a Cathedral left Russia. Th e church building and church. Th e German Evangelical Lu- all its property were nationalized. In theran Congregation of St. Anna and the 1920s, the worships were still cel- St. Peter is currently gathering here ebrated, however, repressions against for worships.

116 Churches

Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Anne

Address: 8V, Kirochnaya str. E-mail: [email protected] https://vk.com/annenkirche Opened: Wednesday–Sunday from 12:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Worships: every Sunday in English (at 9:30 a.m.) and in Russian (at 3:00 p.m.).

Th e fi rst Lutheran church of In 1935, the church was closed, St. Petersburg, laid down on 1704, and in 1939, it was adapted for a mov- bore the name of St. Anna. It got its ie theater, called “Spartak” by the ar- current location in 1740s. chitects Alexander Hegello and Leo In the reign of Empress Cathe- Kosveny. In the mid-1980s, Spartak rine II, in 1775, a new stone church became the cinema theatre of Gosfi lm- was laid out under the project of the fond (Russian Cinema State Fund). architect Yuri Veldten. Th e church Here it was possible to watch many consecration was held on October 24, masterpieces of the world cinema, in- 1779. cluding the ones that were not shown In 1826, the former Fourth Artil- for a long time in ordinary cinemas. lery Street (formerly the Fift h Line) In 1992, Sunday worships were re- was called Kirochnaya – by the word sumed in the church. “kirchen” of St. Anne. In 2002, a fi re broke out in the In 1850, an organ was installed Church of St. Anne building, which in the Church of St. Anne. It was left it completely burned out. manufactured by the German fi rm In 2010, on the order of the Gov- “E. F. Walker.” ernment Committee for Historical and At the beginning of the 20th Cultural Heritage Management, the century, the church ran a school, a restoration of the building facades was guardianship for the poor, almshous- carried out. Currently, the church is es, a children’s home, a girls’ shelter, functioning, it has its own parish. Th e a hospital and an agricultural shelter building also runs an outdoor lecture “for the fallen women.” room, concerts are held. 117 Churches

Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Catherine Address: 1a, Bolshoy Avenue, the Vasilievsky Island Telephone: 323-18-52 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.st-kathe-orgel.city

Opened: daily.

Worships: every Sunday at 1:00 p.m.

In 1728, on the Vasilievsky Island, Yu. M. Veldten in the 1768–1771s in where many Protestants settled from the style of early classicism. It was the fi rst years of the city’s existence, consecrated in the name of St. Cath- the Lutheran community was found- erine – the patroness of the ruling ed. In 1729, there was consecrated empress. the fi rst church rebuilt in 1744. Th e In 1852, the kirch was repaired, an modern building was erected by organ of Metzel’s company appeared in it. Th e next time, repairs and re- builds were made at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Th e church ran schools, orphanages, a widow’s shelter and cheap apartments. In the early 1920s, the building was handed over to the Baptists. In 1930, the church was completely closed. At fi rst, it housed a club of miners, a house of artistic upbringing of children, then – a recording studio. In 1990 worships were resumed. In 1997 the church building was transferred to the community. 118 Churches

Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Mary (Finnish) Address: 8a, Bolshaya Konyushennaya Str. Telephone: 314-44-47 E-mail: [email protected] http://elci.ru/cerkov-sv-marii

Opened: daily.

Worships: Sunday at 10:30 a.m., as well as on a special schedule.

In 1734, Empress Anna Ioan- In 1938, the Church of St. Mary novna presented the community was closed, and its building was with a plot, on which the fi rst wood- transferred to the Hermitage. In en church was built in honor of 1940, the building was rebuilt for a St. Anne. In 1745, the Swedish- building offi ce hostel. Since 1970, Finnish community were split, but the House of Nature was located in worships were performed in a com- the church building. mon church. In 1767, the church In 1990, the Lutheran parish of came into the possession of the Finn- St. Mary was revived and re-regis- ish community. In the 1803–1805s, tered. At fi rst, there were allocated the Finnish community built a new only a few premises in the church stone church under the project of the building. Aft er restoration, the architect Christian Gottlieb Paulsen. church was re-consecrated in 2002. Th e church was consecrated in honor In September 2002, according to the of St. Mary, the patroness of the Dow- decision of the church board, the ager Empress Maria Feodorovna. Church of St. Mary became an epis- Th ere were numerous shelters, a copal church, which corresponds to mutual assistance fund and a school the cathedral church. in the care of the parish of St. Mary. 119 Churches

Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Catherine (Swedish) Address: 1, Malaya Konyushennaya Str. Telephone: 942-16-01 https://vk.com/svenskakyrka

Opened: on a special schedule.

Worships: every Sunday at 1:00 p.m.

In 1734, Empress Anna Ioannov- parishioners. Carl Mannerheim, na presented the community with the future Russian general and the a plot, on which the fi rst wooden president of Finland, was married church was built in honor of St. Anne. in this church. In 1745, the Swedish and Finnish Th e parish functioned until 1934, communities were split. Th e Finnish when it was closed. Th e building community has remained in the same housed various organizations, the last place – now, the Finnish Church of of which was the Children and Youth St. Mary is there, and the Swedes built Sports School. a prayer building in a new place. Th e Th e parish activity was resumed in stone church of St. Catherine with 1993. In 2005, the building was com- 300 places was built in 1767–1769 by pletely transferred to the community. architect Yu. M. Veldten. Th e Lutheran parish is considered Later the church was rebuilt Swedish, but organizationally it is several times. There was a parish part of the Union of Evangelical Lu- school, shelters for boys and girls, theran Churches and is not a parish an alms-house, and a charitable in- of the Church of Sweden. In addition stitution at the church. The Nobel to the Lutheran parish, Church of and Lidval families, the jeweler Karl St. Catherine holds worships of the Faberge were among the church’s community of the Church of England. 120 Churches

St. Michael’s Evangelical Lutheran Church

Address: the Vasilievsky Island, 18B, Sredny ave. https://spbstmihail.jimdo.com

Opened: daily.

Worships: every Sunday at 11:00 a.m. and every Th ursday at 7:00 p.m.

In 1732, a house Lutheran church private house. In 1874, the Church was founded under the First Cadet Council received permission to build Corps on the Vasilievsky Island. In a church on the Vasilievsky Island, on 1834, by the permission of Emperor the corner of Sredny Avenue and the Nicholas I, the church receives the 3rd line. On October 23, 1874, a stone name of St. Archangel Michael. In building of the church with 720 seats February 1841, the building occu- in the Gothic style was laid down pied by the church was decided to be under the project of the Colonel- demolished due to its crowdedness, Engineer Karl Karlovich von Bulm- the church was to be arranged in the erink. On December 19, 1876, the premises of the Cadet Corps itself church was consecrated by bishop especially for cadets, and civilian pa- Julius von Richter. In 1929, the build- rishioners were asked to go to other ing of the Church of St. Michael was parishes. Th ey set up a church in a transferred to the Russian Lutheran 121 Churches

community of Jesus Christ, as a re- hall was divided into three fl oors with sult, the two parishes – German and slabs. Russian – were united. In 1935, the Since 1992, the church was re- church was closed, aft er which the turned to the Russian Lutheran com- church building was occupied by the munity, worships were resumed. In sports building of the plant named the 2004–2010s, the restoration with aft er Kalinin, then the warehouse of elements of reconstruction of the a tobacco factory named aft er Urit- church interior, repair of the roof and sky, and aft er the war – the workshop facade were carried out. Now the Lu- of the Sport experimental plant. Th e theran parish of St. Michael is a part church interior was rebuilt and dis- of the Evangelical Lutheran Church torted completely, the main liturgical of Ingria in Russia.

122 Judaism Judaism

Th e fi rst Jewish community introduced in 1827, Jews could appeared in St. Petersburg af- come to St. Petersburg for up to ter the partition of Poland in six weeks, and up to 6-10 months the 1772–1795s. In April 1802, in special cases. Th ree Jewish a Jewish cemetery was founded. families, whose heads served as Th e provision of 1804 allowed dentists at various ministries, Jewish industrialists, artisans and one court midwife, offi cially and merchants to settle in the remained in St. Petersburg. In the inner provinces and in the cap- late 1820s, Jewish soldiers, who itals temporarily. By the mid- opened a Jewish chapel, which 1820s, 370 Jews lived in the city. was soon recognized as illegal, With the accession to the throne appeared in St. Petersburg. In the of Nicholas I, their situation in 1840–1850s, the fi rst Jewish stu- St. Petersburg deteriorated dra- dents studied at the University of matically. According to the rules St. Petersburg. 124 Judaism

Laws and regulations of the fessions. Palestinophilian circles 1860s allowed Jews – merchants are emerging in St. Petersburg, of the fi rst guild, people with among them the student com- higher education, artisans and munity “Ahavat Zion” with 80 retired soldiers – to live outside members. St. Petersburg was the Pale of Settlement. A signifi - the center of activity of the Jew- cant increase in the Jewish popu- ish parties. Th e “Union for the lation of St. Petersburg began (in achievement of the full rights of 1881, it amounted to about 2% of the Jewish people in Russia” or- the total population of the city). ganization united Zionists, Jew- In 1881, a signifi cant part were ish liberals, democrats, autono- persons of free professions in- mists and others. cluding doctors, lawyers, writers In 1893, the large synagogue and art workers. of St. Petersburg built in the In 1863, the fi rst offi cial rabbi Arabic-Moorish style was was invited from Riga. In 1869, a opened. Relative freedom to es- permission was obtained to build tablish scientific and cultural a choral synagogue in St. Peters- societies after the revolution of burg. In 1874, a plot was allocat- 1905–1907 helped them to deed to the Jewish community at velop in the 1907–1914. Oriental the Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery. studies courses founded by Baron St. Petersburg became one of the D. Gunzburg were the first at- centers of Jewish social and cul- tempt to create a Jewish secular tural activities in Russia. In 1863, higher education institution in the Society of spreading educa- Russia. The Society for Jewish tion among Jews in Russia was Scientific Publications founded founded. In the 1870s, the Jewish in 1907 released the 16-volume press appeared in St. Petersburg. Jewish Encyclopedia. At the Th e social status of the Jews same time, there was founded of St. Petersburg continued to the Society of Jewish Language rise in the late 19th – early 20th Enthusiasts headed by I. L. Kat- centuries. Th e number of Jew- senelson, the Society of Jewish ish artisans decreased and the Folk Music and the Jewish Liter- number of people employed in ature Society. In 1908, the Jew- trade increased, and especially ish Historical and Ethnographic the representatives of free pro- Society was founded. 125 Judaism

Th e February Revolution of Th e period aft er the death of 1917 granted equal rights to Jews; I. Stalin (1953), and until the the Pale of Settlement was abol- mid-1960s, was characterized ished. Th e Jewish population of by partial liberalization of the Petrograd decreased signifi cantly regime, which also aff ected the during the October Revolution life of the Jewish population of and the Civil War. Th e 1920s were Leningrad. Th e only Jewish insti- characterized by the rapid migra- tution in Leningrad was a syna- tion of Jews to Leningrad. Many gogue. Th e toughening of the an- Hasids settled and opened illegal ti-religious campaign in the early heders and yeshiva in Leningrad 1960s led to the prohibition of and its suburbs New Village. In matzo baking and to closing the 1927, there were 17 synagogues Jewish cemetery of Leningrad for and houses of worship in Len- the burial. ingrad. In 1924, the Leningrad In the 1970–1980s, Leningrad Jewish community was formed. became one of the most impor- Th e Horal Synagogue, the Pre- tant centers of the Jewish na- obrazhenskiy Jewish Cemetery, tional movement. According to the maintenance of the mikvahs, the 1970 census, more than 150 the creation of the Library of Re- thousand Jews lived in the city. ligious Literature came under the By 1982, there was an attempt responsibility of the new com- to create a Leningrad society of munity. Jewish culture not authorized Th e All-Union anti-religious by the authorities. Since 1982, campaign that began in 1929 hit the “Leningrad Jewish Almanac” a severe blow to the community. self-published magazine was It was decided to close the Cho- printed in Leningrad. ral Synagogue. Th e persecution In November 1989, the Peters- became somewhat weaker aft er burg Jewish University (PJU) was the article of I. Stalin “Dizziness established, in 1992, it was trans- from Success” in 1931. Soon, the formed into the Petersburg Insti- decision to close the Choral Syn- tute of Judaica (PIJ). Th e institute agogue was canceled. In 1937, runs an evening school of Judaica the last Jewish school was closed, and an evening-Sunday school. and its director Z. Kiselhoff was Th ere are three synagogues in arrested. St. Petersburg. Yeshivas function. 126 Cult buildings

Great Choral Synagogue

Address: 2, Lermontovsky ave. Telephone: 713-81-86 E-mail: [email protected] https://sinagoga.jeps.ru/ Opened: daily 10:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. Saturday and days of religious holidays –are a day off . Worships: on a special schedule – https://sinagoga.jeps.ru/ raspisanie-molitv.html

Th e Great Choral Synagogue was Th e construction was carried out by erected in the 1883–1893s under the the architect A. V. Malov and was project of the architects L. I. Bach- completed in 1893. man and I. I. Shaposhnikov with Th e synagogue exterior was built the participation of V. V. Stasov and in the Oriental, Moorish style. Th e N. L. Benois. lobby has unique acoustics – words In the mid-19th century, the Jew- uttered in a whisper can be heard at a ish community of St. Petersburg was distance of more than 10 meters. numbered about 10 thousand people. It had several small oratories throughout the city, but this was not enough to satisfy religious needs. Th erefore, the construction of a new synagogue was started on the community initiative. Th e main sponsors were Baron Gunzburg, the fi rst chairman of the Jewish community of the city, and the philanthropist S. S. Polyakov. Th e building design was completed by the architects L. I. Bachman and I. I. Shaposhnikov with the participation of V. V. Stasov and N. L. Benois. 127 Cult buildings

Aft er the construction of the syn- country of that time – the All-Russian agogue, all the oratories in the city Central Executive Committee – on were closed by a resolution of the June 1, 1930, the synagogue was reo- Committee of Ministers of 1869. Th is pened. led to diffi culties for the celebration Before the XXII Summer Olym- of rites, as the building could not ac- pic Games in 1980, held in Moscow, commodate everyone who needed to Leningrad and Tallinn, the synagogue be there. was among the main excursion facil- In 1909, a stone fence was built ities, so in 1978, the state allocated along the synagogue site instead of funds for the reconstruction and ren- the dilapidated wooden one. ovation of the building. Th e work was On June 29, 1929, a resolution of carried out under the supervision of the Presidium of the Leningrad City K. A. Plotkin. Soviet on closing the Jewish religious Today, the synagogue has created community was issued; on January 17, all the necessary conditions for keep- 1930, the synagogue was also closed ing Jewish traditions and rites. Satur- by a decision of the Presidium of the day and holiday services are celebrat- Leningrad Executive Committee. ed. Several educational institutions However, aft er the Jews complained are open at the synagogue. Th ere are to the supreme legislative body of the also Hebrew courses.

128 Cult buildings

Small synagogue Address: 2, Lermontovsky ave. Telephone: 713-81-86 E-mail: [email protected] https://sinagoga.jeps.ru/ Opened: Monday–Th ursday from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Friday – Sunday from 11:00 a.m. to –1:00 p.m., Saturday and days of religious holidays – are a day off . Worships: on a special schedule. Th e Small Synagogue is a part of agogue in 1893, the Small Synagogue the single synagogue complex. It is performed the functions of a tempo- located in the courtyard of the syna- rary one. In 1884, aft er the premises gogue complex – in the courtyard of of the seven offi cially existing Jewish the Great Choral Synagogue. Th e gen- meeting houses in the city were closed eral project of the synagogue complex by decree of the government, the Lit- was approved by the tsarist govern- tle Synagogue housed the Hasidic ment in 1883; the building of the Small Merchant oratory: it is known that Synagogue was completed fi rst. It was the merchant business was the native built according to the project of the occupation of the Hasids. Th e Small architect I. I. Shaposhnikov and artist synagogue was not closed since the L. I. Bachmann. Th e solemn consecra- opening, even during the years of the tion of the Small Synagogue took place blockade. on October 13, 1886, on the fi rst day of Sukkot. Th e interior of the building was given special attention. Th e stucco ceiling of the synagogue was made by the sculptor M. I. Anolik. Th e Aron Ha-Kodesh was made by carpenter Berman and gilder Solomon Antovil. Before the opening of the Great Syn- 129 Cult buildings

Congregation of Georgian Jews Address: 2, Lermontovsky ave. / 42, Dekabristov Telephone: +7-911-788-87-70 (Mikhail Meirovich Pichkhadze) E-mail: [email protected] sinagoga.jeps.ru

Opened: Th e synagogue is open during prayer hours and classes hours only.

Worships: according to the special schedule, the prayers at the Ohel Moshe synagogue are held in accordance with Nusach Sefard.

In St. Petersburg, the Georgian In 2010, the leadership of the Great Jews community emerged in the Choral Synagogue allocated a large mid-1990s. Since Georgian Jews 400-square-meter building to the were always particularly religious, community in the former build- the idea of creating their own re- ing of the Jewish Craft School at ligious community soon emerged. the address: 42, Dekabristov str., which was transferred to the Jew- ish community of St. Petersburg. This building was built by B. I. Gir- shovich in the 1896–1897s. In the Ohel Moshe synagogue, there are large and small prayer rooms, fully equipped with everything that is required for the synagogue. A prayer minyan gath- ers in the synagogue daily, Sab- baths and holidays are held, classes and lectures on the Torah are held. Prayers are read according to Nusach Sefard. 130 Cult buildings

House of Ablution and Burial at Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery Address: 14, Alexandrovskoy Fermy ave. E-mail: [email protected] http://www.jewish.spb.ru

Opened: the building is being restored, there are no regular hours of work.

Th e Jewish cemetery was found- the purpose of the building. Th e ed in 1873 as a heterodox site at building was built in oriental style. Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery. In the Simultaneously with the con- same year, a wooden synagogue, a struction of the main building, a lat- house of worship for ablution and tice fence was installed on six mas- burial, was opened there. During the sive brick plastered pylons. 1873–1874s, a wooden two-storey On September 23, 1912, the house of worship and a residential House of Ablution was consecrated: building for a watchman and grave the deceased was washed here, rel- diggers were built at the cemetery. atives and friends gathered in the For a stone building, the project domed hall, the cantor read tradi- of Y. G. Gavirts was recognized tional prayers. as the best. Modifi ed jointly with Aft er the revolution, the House S. G. Ginger, this project was accept- of Ablutions was closed. ed for implementation. In 1993, the building of the In September 1908, the founda- House of Ablution on the Jewish tion was laid for a new house of wor- cemetery was transferred to the Jew- ship. In 1912, the House of Ablution ish community of St. Petersburg by and Burial was completed. Simplic- the cityauthorities. Now, the House ity and rigor of forms, lack of dress of Ablutions is being restored for use decoration were in accordance with in ritual purposes. 131 Islam Islam

Th e main part of the Mus- itary personnel. A small group lim population of St. Petersburg were merchants. Th e functions of throughout its history was the Ta- imams were performed by ordi- tars. It is known that the Tatars and nary people who were most aware Bashkirs were used during erec- of Muslim rite issues. Almost un- tion of the Peter and Paul Fortress. til 1905, there were harassment of By the middle of the 18th centu- Muslims on religious grounds in ry, the Tatar-Muslim communities the city. For a long time they did arise in Kronstadt and Luban. Th e not have their own parishes and fi rst Tatar settlement in Petersburg the opportunity to perform wor- arose near Kronwerk. It existed al- ships. Many emperors supported most to the mid-18th century. Orthodox missionary work in In the 18th century, most Mus- every way. Th e peak of the policy lims in St. Petersburg were mil- of forced Christianization was the 133 Islam

reign of Elizabeth Petrovna (it is at Initially, the center of the par- this time that the Tatar settlement ish was located in Vladimirskaya on the Petrograd side disappears Street, in the place where the rich in St. Petersburg). Relatively calm community of representatives in this sense was only the reign of of Bukhara lived. Later, a prayer Catherine the Second, who well room was opened in Izmailovsky understood the specifi cs of Rus- Avenue. Th e second parish was sia as a multinational country created in 1870 on the initiative of and abolished the “offi ce of newly the Kasimov Tatars. Services were baptized aff airs.” Under Paul the held in the Imam’s apartment on First, a very important event took the Moika. Th e third parish ap- place for the Muslims of the city: peared at the beginning of the a small in numbers Tatar commu- 20th century. nity and Muslim military person- On October 17, 1917, Nicholas II nel gathered for a festive worship signed a manifesto giving Russia in the Tauride Palace transferred religious freedom. As a result, to the military department. Muslims were actively involved Under Alexander the First, the in the socio-political life of the administration of Muslim aff airs country and the capital, formed was concentrated in the hands of their fraction in the State Duma. a special ministry, which severely It was Nicholas II who authorized harassed religions and encour- the construction of the Cathedral aged conversion to Orthodoxy. Mosque in 1912. But under Nicholas the First, a At the beginning of the 20th legislative framework was formed century, Petersburg became a for observing the religious rights center of political life for Muslims. of Muslims in the regular troops. Two of the four Muslim congress- Under him, the teams of Muslims es were held in St. Petersburg, and appeared in his own Imperial they discussed the issue of polit- Majesty’s convoy (lasted until the ical participation of Muslims. At reign of Alexander the Th ird). that time, the main demand of a Th e fi rst Muslim parish in St. progressive part of the Muslim Petersburg originated in 1822. Th e community was national-cultural believers gathered for salah in the autonomy. house of the mullah, and later – At the same time, the Muslim in the hall in the Noble Assembly. educational institutions in St. Pe- 134 Islam tersburg began to develop. So, in lim population changed greatly. 1912, three elementary schools Many Muslims living in the city functioned in St. Petersburg. either emigrated or died during A very important part of com- the Civil War. munity life was functioning of Aft er the October Revolution, Muslim plots in urban cemeter- all the Muslim organizations and ies. According to a legend, back organizations that controlled the in Peter’s times, the Muslim cem- activities of Muslims were elimi- eteries spontaneously formed on nated in Petrograd. Aft er the end the Vyborg side and on the Kotlin of the Great Patriotic War, new Island. In 1827, in response to an- residents arrived in Leningrad, other petition, a land plot of 3 km the composition of the Tatar Mus- from the city was allocated. Th is lim community of the city was re- plot was sold by the peasants of newed again. the Volkova Village as unsuitable Aft er closing of the mosque for for agricultural work. Initially, it believers in 1940, the importance was intended for military burials of Novo-Volkovskoye cemetery only, but soon, civil graves began in the lives of Muslims increased. to appear there. In 1843, the Shi- Th e cemetery became the place ite cemetery appeared near the of Friday salahs, which gathered Tatar Sunnite cemetery, but they several hundred people each. were combined and included in In 1956, the Cathedral Mosque the single Novo-Volkovskoe cem- was opened for worships. Th ere etery in Soviet times. is a legend that this happened af- By the beginning of the 20th ter the Prime Minister of India, century, in addition to St. Peters- Jawaharlal Nehru, who visited burg, Muslim mosques or orato- Leningrad in June 1955, wanted ries functioned in a number of to visit the mosque, and it was cities of St. Petersburg and Vy- closed. Since 1987, courses on the borg provinces. Th ey typically basics of Islam, Quranicism and occupied one or more premises in the Arabic language were held at the home of a wealthy community the House of Culture named aft er representative, who was oft en its Karl Marx by the Club of Tatar informal leader. culture enthusiasts named aft er Aft er the revolution, the com- M. Jalil, later transformed into the position of Petrograd’s Mus- Leningrad Tatar cultural center. 135 Islam

Cathedral Mosque

Address: 7, Kronverksky ave. Telephone: 498-40-75 E-mail: [email protected] http://islam-spb.ru Opened: opening hours of the offi ce of the Cathedral Mosque – daily from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Worships: on a special schedule http://dum-spb. ru/vremya-molitv-v-spb

Th e Cathedral Mosque of St. Pe- A. M. von Gogen. Both the interior tersburg is the largest mosque in layout and appearance were based on the European part of the Russian the character and style of Tamerlan-era Empire. Central Asia mosques and tombs. Th e question of building a mosque Th e Cathedral Mosque of arose for the fi rst time in 1881. Th e St. Petersburg was laid in 1910. Th e supreme leader of Muslims of that mosque opening was dedicated to time, Muft i Tevkelev, asked the Min- the 300th anniversary of the Ro- ister of Internal Aff airs, Count Tol- manov dynasty in 1913. Finishing stoy, and got agreement in principle. of the interiors continued for several Only in 1906, the Ministry of Inter- more years. nal Aff airs authorized the establish- A spacious “Taharat Khan” ment of a special committee for the (washings) was built separately from construction of a cathedral mosque the mosque, where a Muslim per- in St. Petersburg from voluntary forms a complex ritual washing be- contributions of Muslims through- fore entering the temple. Th e fl oor of out the Russian Empire. the mosque is carpeted. It is forbid- In the autumn of 1908, the den to enter the prayer hall in shoes mosque project was ready and and a praying person leaves street approved by the tsar. Authors – shoes in the hallway. artist-architect N. V. Vasiliev, civ- In the late 1930s, the mosque il engineer S. S. Krichinsky, under was closed and, like most Lenin- the guidance of the Academician grad churches, turned into a ware- 136 Islam house. In the post-war period, on the capacity is up to fi ve thousand patronal festivals, Muslim believers people. were forced to perform worship in Th e fi rst fl oor of the mosque is for the Tatar area of the Volkovskoe men. Th e second fl oor of the mosque cemetery. for women. On the third fl oor, on In 1956, at the urgent request Fridays and holidays there is a place of the Tatar public, the Leningrad for men’s salah. On general weekends Mosque was provided to believers. there are free classes on the basics of St. Petersburg Mosque is the larg- Islam and the Arabic language. est in Europe. Its length is 45 meters, Th e Cathedral Mosque is the the width is 32 meters, the height northernmost functioning Muslim of the main dome is 39 meters, the temple as well as a major religious height of the minarets is 48 meters, and cultural center.

137 Buddhism Buddhism

At the turn of the 19th–20th Aft er the manifesto “On free- centuries, a large part of St. Peters- dom of conscience and religion” of burg residents were foreigners, as October 17, 1905 and the resolution well as foreign lieges of the Rus- of the State Duma of May 26, 1909 sian Empire. According to the 1897 “On the right to be freely converted census, more than 60 ethnic groups from the Christian religion, not ex- lived in the capital. cluding Orthodoxy, to the Jewish, Due to the expanding trade rela- Mohammedan and Pagan religion”, tions between Russia and the East, a small “Buddhist colony” formed many Buddhists from China, Siam, in the city. It was based on Buryats Japan and other countries lived in and Kalmyks, merchants and arti- the city. In these years, well-known sans from Transbaikalia, Astrakhan Buddhist noions – the noble and Stavropol provinces, the lower Kalmyk princes Tiumen and Tun- ranks of the Cossack units, Bud- dutov – settled in St. Petersburg. dhists also met among students. 139 Buddhism

In 1905, the 13th Dalai Lama N. K. Roerich and V. P. Schneider, repeatedly expressed his intention civil engineers G. V. Baranovsky and to settle in Russia, and the Emperor R. A. Berzen, privat-docents of the Nicholas II assured his plenipoten- St. Petersburg University V. L. Kot- tiary ambassador Agvan Dorzhiev vich and A. D. Rudnev. According that “the Buddhists in Russia can to the original plan, a classical Bud- feel like under the wing of a mighty dhist school, as well as dormitories eagle.” However, the obstacles that for lamas, monks and novices were arose one aft er another made the going to be built together with the project to create the “Great Bud- temple. dhist confederation” impossible. In the twenties and thirties, mil- On March 16, 1909, on the itant atheism was established in the northern shore of the Great Nevka country, and the Petrograd datsan River, Agvan Dorzhiev acquired a became the last refuge for the plot of land (648.51 square fath- Buddhist lamas. Caring for their oms). Located in a quiet place in safety, Agvan Dorzhiev enlisted the outskirts of the capital, in the them in the Tibet-Mongolian mis- Staraya Derevnya, on the corner sion. In December 1933, the last of Blagoveshchenskaya Street (Pri- puja sounded. Soon, the author- morsky Avenue) and Lipovaya Al- ities declared the lamas “socially ley, this site according to the Bud- dangerous elements” and “ene- dhist canon perfectly suited for the mies of socialist reconstruction.” construction of the datsan. Togeth- Th eir mass arrests began since the er with the land, Agvan Dorzhiev spring of 1935. Beginning the de- also acquired materials necessary portation to the camps for three to to start construction. Dorzhiev fi ve years, the culmination of re- attracted leading orientalists of pression reached the fall of 1937, St. Petersburg to the construction when the last group of lamas and committee. Th e chairman of the the Buddhist scholars B. Baradiin, committee became the Academi- Ts. Zhamtsarano and others were cian V. V. Radlov, the construction arrested and sentenced to be shot. commissioner – F. I. Shcherbatskoy, All of them are buried in a special the committee included: Acade- cemetery of the NKVD in Levash- mician S. F. Oldenburg, Cham- ovskaya Pustosh. St. Petersburg ber Junker of the Highest Court Buddhist School of Academician Prince E. E. Ukhtomsky, artists F. I. Shcherbatsky and other direc- 140 Buddhism tions of domestic Buddhism were ies and nineties. Opening of the also completely defeated. Russian borders and adoption of Th e reason to recall Tibet and the Soviet law “On freedom of Buddhism was given only by the conscience and religious organi- Society of the Roerich preserved zations”, and aft er it, the Russian in the pre-war years. Th e begin- law “On freedom of religion” com- ning of the revival of Buddhism pletely destroyed the ideological in St. Petersburg can be notices paradigms representing religion by the end of the sixties. In the as a vestige of spiritual culture, seventies and eighties, the im- squeezed out by atheism in the age of a Buddhist teacher for margins of society. Leningrad followers was asso- Th e fi rst messengers of the ciated with the image of the old new Tibetan-Buddhist trans- Transbaikal lamas, from whom mission was the Danes Ole and they received precious transfer Hannah Nydahl. Th eir arrival in of practices. A new stage in the St. Petersburg in 1989 aroused in- development of Buddhism in terest among young people from St. Petersburg began at the eight- the art and artistic environment.

141 Buddhism

Datsan Gunzechoinei

Address: 91, Primorsky ave. Telephone: 430-97-40 E-mail: [email protected] https://dazanspb.ru Opened: daily, except Wednesday 10:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m. Worships: Khurals take place daily at 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.

Th e temple was erected from 1909 who saw the embodiment of the mer- to 1915 on the initiative and direct par- ciful White Tara in the Russian mon- ticipation of the Buryat Lama Agvan archs. Th e fi rst prayer was held by the Lobsan Dorzhiev, envoy of the 13th 12th head of the traditional Buddhists Dalai Lama Th ubten Gyatso. of Russia, Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov (now Th e construction was carried out known as the “imperishable lama”). with the support of the Russian gov- Th e construction was fi nally com- ernment, the Russian Geographical pleted in 1915, in the middle of the Society, and outstanding fi gures in sci- world war. On August 10, the build- ence and culture at the beginning of the ing was consecrated by the Tsenyi 20th century. Initially, the project was Khempo Agvan Dorzhiev in honor of compiled by a student of the Institute of the Buddhist Deity Kalachakra. Upon Civil Engineers N. M. Berezovsky, later, consecration, the church was given adjustments to the project were made the Tibetan name, translated into Rus- by G. V. Baranovsky. Th e interior fi n- sian: “Th e Source of the Holy Teach- ishing, which was led by Nikolai Roer- ing of the Buddha, compassion for all ich in the 1914–1915s, was particularly living beings.” In the 1922–1937s, the thorough. Th e fi rst prayer service in church estate belonged to the Tibet- the church took place on February 21, an-Mongolian mission in the USSR, 1913, the day when all of Russia cel- which was under the auspices of the ebrated the 300th anniversary of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Af- Romanov dynasty. Th is event was par- fairs. Th e head of the mission was the ticularly important for the Buddhist, plenipotentiary of Tibet in the USSR 142 Buddhism

Agvan Dorzhiev. In 1938 (aft er the ar- In 1994, a statue of the Big Bud- rest of the lamas and the liquidation of dha made by Mongolian craft smen in the mission), the temple building and the traditional Mongolian style (from two residential buildings with it were papier-mâché, followed by covering municipalized, and religious objects the fi gure of the teacher with gold were transferred to the Museum of leaf) was erected in the main altar. Th e the History of Religion and Atheism. height of the Buddha’s body is 2.5 m, In subsequent years (until the end of with an aureole and a pedestal – about the 1980s), a physical training base, 5 m. In 2003, aft er restoration, the stat- military radio station and laboratories ue of the Siamese “Standing Buddha” of the Zoological Institute of the USSR was returned to the temple (donated in Academy of Sciences were located in 1914 by the Russian consul in Bangkok the temple respectively. In 1987, the G. A. Planson). temple was visited by the XIV Dalai In 2013, celebrations of the 100th Lama Tenzin Gyatso. On July 9, 1990, anniversary of the fi rst prayer took the temple was transferred to the Len- place in the temple, the near-altar ingrad Buddhist Society by the deci- stupa and the one-and-a-half-meter sion of the Executive Committee of bronze statue of Pandido Khambo Leningrad City Soviet. In 1991, upon Lama XII Itigilov appeared on an altar. its registration, the temple received In 2015, Datsan Gunzechoinei widely its former name – Datsan Gunzecho- celebrated the 100th anniversary since inei, which is an abbreviation of its full the beginning of the permanent prayer name. services in the temple.

143 Excursions to religious St. Petersburg Route 1 – “Confessions of St. Petersburg” Th e route illustrates the diversi- During the tour you will get ac- ty of religious life of St. Petersburg, quainted with all the richness of the which has historically always been religious life of the city. Th e route a multinational city and a center is designed so that tourists visit the of spiritual life for people of diff er- main temples of all faiths, tradition- ent faiths. Many religions coexisted ally represented on the banks of the peacefully here, and the temples of Neva – Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Lu- various faiths existing in St. Peters- theranism, the Armenian Apostolic burg are confi rmation of this. church, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism. Schematic route map:

8 7 Objects along the route: 1. Great Choral Synagogue, 2. Saint Isaac’s Cathedral, 3 5 3. Lutheran Church of Peter 2 4 and Paul (Petrikirche), 6 4. Kazan Cathedral, 5. Basilica of Saint Catherine 1 of Alexandria, 6. St. Catherine’s Armenian Church, 7. Peter and Paul Cathedral, 8. Cathedral Mosque, 9. Datsan Gunzechoinei. 145 Route 2 – “Temples of Nevsky Avenue” Th e main idea of this excursion turned into a “street of religious was to show not just four temples, toleration.” On its other side, four monuments, four architectural on the place of the future Kazan objects. But through them to give Square, the Orthodox Church of a historical perspective to the the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin polylog that has always been led by towered. His bell tower, crowned diff erent Christian confessions on with a spire, echoed the tower of the banks of the Neva. the Admiralty. Today, the majestic Th e section of Nevsky Avenue Kazan Cathedral stands almost in from the Moika to the Sadovaya the same place. street is not only remarkable for Of course, it was incredibly the fact that here the avenue is tempting to create a tour of all the gaining its width. Its main feature iconic buildings of this “church is that it was this corner of early quarter.” But it was decided to Petersburg that became the focus limit itself to the current churches of church life of diff erent faiths. located on the main street of the As early as the 1728–1730s, the city. fi rst large non-Orthodox church in All the four churches – are the the capital, the German Lutheran architectural pearls of Nevsky Church of St. Peter, was erected Avenue, to the creation of which in Nevsky. In the early 1730s, the such great Petersburg architects Dutch Reformed Church occupied as Andrey Voronikhin, Alexander a neighboring site, and the Briullov, Antonio Rinaldi, Yuri Finnish and Swedish Churches, Veldten had they hand. Th e as well as the French-German buildings are masterpieces of Reformed Church, settled in the classicism and eclectic styles. depths of the quarters adjacent Each of them is characterized by a to the main street. Further, the unique identity. Second Catholic Basilica of Each of the churches was the St. Catherine and the Armenian center of its community, and Church of St. Catherine were the people who came to its walls built along the avenue already contributed much important to under Catherine II. So, Nevsky the history of Russia. 146 Route 2 – “Temples of Nevsky Avenue”

Schematic route map:

3 4

Objects along the route: 1. Kazan Cathedral, 2. Lutheran Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, 3. Catholic parish of St. Catherine of Alexandria, 4. St. Catherine’s Armenian Church.

147 Route 3 – “Heavenly patrons of St. Petersburg”

According to the Christian tradi- to one of her friends, dressed in his tion, every city, regardless of its status clothes, responded only to his name and population, has its own heavenly and said that he was alive and Xenia patrons – saints, whose earthly life had died. Aft er her husband’s clothes was related specifi cally to this area. smoldered because of a long period Th e Prince Alexander Yaroslavo- of wearing, she began to dress in a red vich entered the history of Russia coat and green skirt, either a green as the greatest guardian of the Rus- coat and red skirt, and wore torn sian land. Th roughout his life, he shoes on her bare feet. Many people remained faithful to the Orthodox off ered her warm clothes and shoes, Church, which was the guarantor of but Blessed Xenia did not agree to the national independence of Rus’ at take anything. that diffi cult time, when it simulta- Blessed Xenia of Petersburg dur- neously resisted the Mongol Khan ing her lifetime and throughout the Batu and repelled the onslaught of 19th–20th centuries was honored as the crusaders from the West. Th e an fast assistant and a miracle master. great victory of the Russian army Belief in her miracles supports people under the leadership of the Holy to this day. Prince took place on the western Blessed Xenia was buried at the borders of Russia, at the place of Smolenskoe cemetery of St. Peters- Ust-Izhora village of Kolpino dis- burg, where she helped to build a trict of St. Petersburg. Th erefore, it is church in the name of the icon of the no coincidence that one of the fi rst Smolensk Mother of God. acts of Peter I in the newly founded John of Kronstadt – the priest city was the creation of a monastery of the Russian Orthodox Church, in the name of the Holy Prince Alex- Mitred Protopriest; superior of ander Nevsky and moving his relics St. Andrew’s Cathedral in Kronstadt; there from Vladimir. From that mo- member of the Most Holy Governing ment, Alexander Nevsky became the Synod since 1906 (avoided attending patron of St. Petersburg. meetings); “Inspirer of creation and Xenia of St. Petersburg is an Or- honorary member” of the Union of thodox fool in Christ who lived in Russian people. A preacher, spiritual St. Petersburg. writer, church and public fi gure of Aft er the sudden death of her hus- right-wing conservative and mon- band, 26-year-old Ksenia chose the archist views. Honorary Member of hard way of foolishness for Christ. the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian She sacrifi ced her husband’s house Society. 148 Route 3 – “Heavenly patrons of St. Petersburg”

St. John possessed gift s of heal- priest (May 6, 1899), had the highest ing and propheticality, he was the awards of the empire (including the greatest church benefactor of the last Order of Saints Anne, Vladimir and third of the 19th and early 20th cen- Alexander Nevsky – December 9, turies. Since the 1880s, he was widely 1905), in December 1906, he be- known in Russia and abroad. Father came an attending member of the John – the only shepherd of the Rus- Holy Synod. sian Church – was given the right to He was buried in the monastery of perform general confessions. As a St. John founded by him at Karpovka writer, he kept a spiritual diary – an (St. Petersburg). He was canonized outstanding theological and protrep- in the cloud of the righteous by the tic work. Towards the end of his life, Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Fr. John received all the honors that Russia on October 19 (November 1), an Orthodox priest could be hon- 1964; subsequently, on June 8, 1990, ored with: he was a Mitred Proto- by the Russian Orthodox Church. Schematic route map:

Objects along the route: A. Th e Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra (1, the Monastyrka River emb.), B. Chapel of St. Xenia the Blessed (24, Kamskaya Street), C. St. John’s Monastery (45, the Karpovka River emb). 149 Route 4 – “The path of Alexander Nevsky” Alexander Nevsky 1221–1263 Th e 13th century is rightly consid- Alexander an haughty message: “If ered as one of the most diffi cult peri- you can, resist, know that I am already ods in the history of Russia: intestine here and will captivate your land.” Al- wars continue between princes which exander decided not to wait for the destroyed a single political, econom- Swedes activity and with a small suite ic, spiritual and cultural space, and of Novgorod and Ladoga warriors he in 1223 the eastern borders of the moved to the Neva and, taking the country are approached by terrible Swedish by surprise, caused them a conquerors from the depths of Asia crushing defeat. Th e complete victory – Mongol-Tatars. In 1221, Alexander of Alexander turned him into a hero. Yaroslavovich was born. His father, A special aureole of the prince per- Yaroslav the Prince of Pereyaslavl, sonality was given before the battle, will soon take the Kiev throne, which the Izhora elder Pelgus had a vision, instructs him to maintain order in the as if a boat was sailing along the Neva whole Russian land. In 1228, Young with Russian soldiers and saints Bo- Prince Alexander together with old- ris and Gleb, who came to help their er brother Fedor are left by their fa- relative. However, it seemed to the ther for ruling in Novgorod under Novgorodians that the prince was the care of tiun Yakun and voivode proud of this victory, so they “showed Fedor Danilovich. In 1233, Fedor him the way from the city.” Th e cap- Yaroslavovich dies at the age of 13, ture of Pskov by the Livonians and and 12-year-old Alexander under his their advance up to Novgorod itself father’s banner takes part in the mili- forced the Novgorodians to change tary campaign against Dorpat (Tartu) their minds, and in 1241, Alexander for the fi rst time. Th e campaign did became Prince of Novgorod again. not bring good luck, and the ruin of On April 5, 1242, on the Peipsi Lake, North-Eastern Rus’ by Batu in the the Novgorodians and the Suzdalites 1237–1238s caused intensifi cation completely defeated the Livonian Or- of the activities of the Livonian Or- der, thus destroying the possibility of der and Sweden aimed at seizing the further advance of Western neigh- territories of Novgorod Republic. In bors to the East. In the Battle on the 1240, Swedes landed at the estuary Ice, 50 knights were captured, which of the Neva to go to Novgorod, and had never happened before. In 1245, the knights of the Livonian Order be- the Lithuanian prince Midowing in- sieged Pskov. Th e Swedish leader sent vaded the Russian borders. Learning 150 Route 4 – “The path of Alexander Nevsky” about this, Alexander gathered a suite to various changes, reworks and ad- and hit the trail. Th e Lithuanians be- ditions (in total, there are up to twen- came aware of the approach of the ty editions of his hagiography dating prince and the army of Midowing from 13th – 19th centuries). Th e of- fl ed, frightened by his name alone, fi cial canonization of the prince by but the Novgorodians caught up with the Russian Church took place in him and decisively defeated. Over the 1547 at a church council convened by fi ve years of his activity, Alexander Metropolitan Macarius and Tsar Ivan managed to expand the Novgorod the Terrible, when many new Russian possessions, having recovered part miracle workers who had previously of Latgalia from the Livonian Order. been venerated only locally were can- Now, the main strategic direction of onized as saints. Alexander’s foreign policy is relations A new page in the veneration with the Horde. In 1246, Prince Yaro- of the holy and noble Grand Prince slav was poisoned in Karakorum, and Alexander Nevsky began in the 18th in 1247, Prince Alexander went to the century under the Emperor Peter the Volga to Batu, who warmly received Great. Th e winner over the Swedes the prince and even became his adop- and the founder of St. Petersburg, tive father. Alexander Nevsky ruled which became a “window to Europe” Russia until 1263. On his way home for Russia, Peter saw in Prince Alex- aft er another trip to Karakorum, the ander his immediate predecessor in prince died. the fi ght against Swedish rule in the Th e church veneration of the holy Baltic Sea and hastened to transfer prince began apparently immediately the city he founded on the banks of aft er his death. Th e hagiography tells the Neva to his heavenly protection. about a miracle that happened dur- As early as in 1710, Peter ordered that ing the burial itself: when the prince’s the name of St. Alexander Nevsky be body was laid in the tomb and Met- included in dismissals during wor- ropolitan Cyril, according to custom, ship as a prayer representative for wanted to put a spiritual charter in the “Neva country.” In the same year, his hand, people saw the prince “as if he personally chose a place to build alive, extended his hand and accepted a monastery in the name of the Holy the charter from the metropolitan’s Trinity and St. Alexander Nevsky – hand ...Th us, God glorifi ed his Saint.” future Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Peter Decades aft er the prince’s death, his wanted to transfer the relics of the hagiography was compiled, which holy prince here from Vladimir. On was subsequently repeatedly subject August 11, 1723, with all due solem- 151 Route 4 – “The path of Alexander Nevsky”

nity, the holy relics were carried out of his closest associates, the fi rst noble- the Nativity Monastery; the proces- men of the state were oaring. At the sion went to Moscow, and then to St. same time, an annual celebration of Petersburg. Th e meeting of the shrine the memory of the holy prince was in St. Petersburg on August 30, 1724 established on the day of the transfer was characterized by a special solem- of relics on August 30. nity. According to the legend, on the Now the Church celebrates the last leg of journey (from the estuary memory of the Holy Prince Alexander of the Izhora to Alexander Nevsky Nevsky twice a year: on November 23 Monastery) Peter personally ruled (December 6 in new style) and on Au- the galley with the precious load, and gust 30 (September 12 in new style).

Itinerary: Th e route combines two places with a visit to the Church of Alexan- that are associated with the Battle of der Nevsky in Ust-Izhora. the Neva. Th is is the territory occu- Th e gift of the commander hap- pied by the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, pily connected in Alexander Nevsky according to legend, the prince met with political talent and outstanding the Swedes here, and the village in diplomatic abilities. Th e wise and Ust-Izhora, where, as shown by ar- subtle combination of combat and chaeological excavations, the battle political eff orts, multiplied by the art actually took place. of diplomacy, saved Rus’ in a critical Peter I erected a monastery on situation. Alexander caught the deep the legendary place, where the relics current of history and, having under- of St. Prince Alexander Nevsky were stood it, lived and acted as demanded transferred. In Ust-Izhora, a church by the fate of the Fatherland. But his was erected in the name of St. Alex- fi rst heroic deed was the Battle of the ander Nevsky and the “Battle of the Neva. Neva” museum-diorama opened to On July 15 (July 22 in a new style) the 800th anniversary of his birth. 1240, the fearless young prince of Th e beginning of the tour route Novgorod in a fi erce battle on the is in the city center of St. Petersburg, Neva reversed the Swedish army where the tourists will get acquaint- that was moving to the borders of ed with the history of the square, as Rus’. Th is victory brought Alexander well as visit the Holy Trinity Alexan- Yaroslavich an honorary nickname – der Nevsky Lavra. Th e route will end Nevsky. 152 Route 4 – “The path of Alexander Nevsky”

Schematic route map:

Objects along the route: A. Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Alexander Nevsky Square. Monument to Alexander Nevsky. В. Obukhov State Plant. St. Petersburg, 120, Obukhovskoy oborony ave. C. Th e meeting place of Alexander Nevsky and Pelgus of Izhora. Ust-Slavyanka, Sovietski avenue. D. Church of Alexander Nevsky and “Battle of the Neva” Museum-Diorama (Ust-Izhora). 153 State Museum of the History of Religion

Museum address: St. Petersburg, 14, Pochtamtskaya Str. Contact telephone numbers: Administrator: 315-30-80 Tour department: 314-58-38 Department of Public Relations: 314-58-10 Opening hours: Tuesday–Monday from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. (ticket window until 5:00 p.m.), Tuesday from 1:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. (ticket window until 8:00 p.m.), Wednesday is a day off . Th e State Museum of the History of new building and now is located near Religion is the only one in Russia and the building of the Legislative Assembly one of the few museums in the world of St. Petersburg and St. Isaac’s Cathe- whose exposition presents the history dral. In Russia, for the fi rst time aft er al- of the emergence and development of most a century-long break, the museum religion. complex was housed in a building spe- Th e State Museum of the History cially equipped and specially adapted of Religion was formed in the system for the museum needs. of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Today, the Museum’s priority areas the basis of decisions of the Presidium of activity include not only the study of of the USSR Academy of Sciences on cultural heritage monuments and expo- September 7, 1930 and the Secretariat of sition and exhibition activities, but also the Central Executive Committee of the the creation of educational and muse- USSR on April 26, 1931. Th e initiator um-pedagogical programs, an actual of the creation of the Museum and its museum-tourist product addressed to fi rst director was the outstanding Rus- diff erent groups of visitors. sian historian of religion, ethnographer Th e museum’s collection contains and anthropologist V. G. Bogoraz-Tan exhibits on the history of religions from (1865–1936). ancient times to the present day; the In May 1991, it was decided to trans- museum’s halls show the evolution of fer the building in Pochtamtskaya Street religious beliefs from the earliest forms to the Museum, where reconstruction to the present. Th ere are no analogues soon began. In 2000, the State Museum to the St. Petersburg Museum of the of the History of Religion moved to a History of Religion in the world! 154 State Museum of the History of Religion

Th e following sections of the exposition are currently open: 1. Archaic and traditional beliefs, 2. Ancient world religion: polytheism, 3. Ancient world religions: Judaism, 4. Early Christianity, 5. Russian Orthodoxy, 6. Catholicism, 7. Protestantism, 8. Islam, 9. Eastern Religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism, 10. Masonic Collection Open Storage Fund (only as part of an excursion group), 11. Japanese Collection Open Storage Fund (only as part of the excursion group), 12. Collection of Western European painting Open Storage Fund (only as part of the excursion group).

Th e museum takes an active part in solving socio-cultural problems of the North-West region. Socially oriented projects are designed specifi cally for diff erent target groups: children, youth, military personnel, representatives of various faiths and others. Th e museum has a working lecture hall. Th e museum conducts not only tours of its exhibits, but also through the streets of St. Petersburg. 155 Museum of the History of the St. Petersburg diocese

Museum address: 1, the Monastyrka River emb. (metro station “Alexander Nevsky Square”). St. Petersburg Diocesan Administration. Northern wing of the Metropolitan bulk http://eparhiyamuseum.ru/ Th e museum is open: Monday – Friday from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Applications for collective excursions are accepted on the website, either by tel.: 274-86-83, Monday – Friday from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. For individual visits to the museum, please call: 274-86-83, Monday – Friday from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. In 2017, with the blessing of history of the Neva Land (11th – 17th the Metropolitan Barsanuphius of centuries), church and secular inno- St. Petersburg and Ladoga, a muse- vations and large-scale construction um dedicated to the history of the of Peter I, creation and reforms of St. Petersburg diocese was opened the diocesan edifi ce (1742) of Peter on the basis of the contributions the Great’s successors. According to of the Metropolitan, diocesan ar- the museum concept (“Th e History chive materials and personal collec- of the St. Petersburg diocese in the tions of citizens in the Metropolitan vectors of Russian history”), the pe- Corps of the Holy Trinity Alexan- riods are divided according to the der Nevsky Lavra. Th e exposition reign of the Russian emperors, and retrospectively covers the history later – according to the complex of Russia in the context of diocesan milestones of the Russian history, events, and also the separate block including the revolution of 1917, presented the documentary and the period of persecution of the tangible material devoted to new Orthodox Church (separate hall of Russian Saints – new martyrs of the New Martyrs of St. Petersburg), St. Petersburg. Th e museum materi- the Great Patriotic War, the post- als introduce visitors to the ancient war revival, the period of Khrush- 156 Museum of the History of the St. Petersburg diocese chev persecution, the activities of cial respect created a corner dedi- the metropolitans of Leningrad and cated to blockaded Leningrad, the Novgorod: Nicodemus (Rotov), An- church life of the city during these tonius (Melnikov), Alexis (Ridiger), 900 days, as well as the entire period as well as the history of the diocese of the Great Patriotic War. Person- of recent times of the administra- al belongings, documents of priests tion period of the metropolitans who suff ered during the years of of St. Petersburg and Ladoga: John persecution of church, family relics (Snychev), Vladimir (Kotlyarov) are presented in the hall of the new and Barsanuphius (Sudakov). Th e martyrs who shone forth in the land organizers of the museum with spe- of St. Petersburg.

157 Museum of antiquities of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Address: 191167, Russia, St. Petersburg, 1, the Monastyrka River emb., museum and library building Telephones: 400-39-33, +7 (911) 233-89-57 https://lavra.spb.ru/subdivision/ museum.html E-mail: [email protected]

Th e museum is open: Wednesday, Friday, Sunday from 12:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

Th e museum was created for the had become obsolete since his time 200th anniversary of the Alexander in the monastery. Using the experi- Nevsky Lavra. By this time, seven- ence of organizing a historical and teen diocesan museums already ex- art museum in Nizhny Novgorod, isted in Russia. On April 17, 1909, A. A. Karelin managed to organize the creation of an Ancient Storage the selection of objects and their clas- was approved by the Metropolitan sifi cation in a short time. In 1910, the Antonius (Vadkovsky) of St. Peters- museum was open to the public. In burg and Ladoga. Th e North-West the same year, a “Brief Inventory of Tower of the monastery complex was the Ancient Storage” was published. allocated under the museum. It pre- On March 16, 1910, at the invitation viously housed the monastery ves- of A. A. Karelin, the Grand Duchess try, for which in 1910, a new heated Maria Pavlovna, the President of the building was rebuilt under the pro- Imperial Academy of Arts, visited the ject of the architect L. P. Shishko. Ar- museum. Th e museum was closed in chimandrite Philaret was appointed 1922 in the midst of a campaign to head of the museum. Th e main work seize church property, during which on the construction of the Ancient material assets belonging to the mon- Storage museum was entrusted to astery were confi scated in favor of the the artist Andrei Andreevich Kare- starving. All the items of artistic val- lin and the novice of the Lavra Fedor ue were transferred to the State Mu- Mikhailovich Morozov, who col- seum Fund, and then distributed to lected laurel antiquities – items that museums in Russia. 158 Museum of antiquities of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Th e modern ancient storage of on dating and attribution. Th e new the Alexander Nevsky Lavra was rec- museum exposition was opened on reated in December 2013, the year of January 2017 and it is located in the the 300th anniversary of the monas- historical building of the vestry of tery, aft er an almost 90-year break. Alexander Nevsky Lavra. In Soviet Th e existence of the Lavra ancient times, the premises were given to storage is largely due to the works of the city blood transfusion station, Lidia Ivanovna Sokolova, the secre- and therefore it was rebuilt. It was tary of the diocesan commission for restored and partially reconstructed canonization. Since 2008, she pains- for the museum needs, while pre- takingly collected materials, hosted serving the original tiled fl ooring of exhibits, and negotiated with experts the early 20th century.

Th e museum’s collections contain items donated to the Lavra at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st centuries. Most storage units came to the monastery or museum from priests, laity, artists, collectors and organizations as gift s. Today the museum collection consists of the following units:

1. Collection of Russian iconography. 2. Collection of Russian religious painting. 3. Collection of wooden plastics. 4. Textile collection. 5. Collection of holy vessels made of metal. 6. Collection of documentary historical sources. 7. Collection of photographs.

159 Pilgrim coordination center of St. Petersburg diocese

Head: Protopriest Michael Shastin, +79210942182 Address: Saint Petersburg, 1, the Monastyrkа River emb. Telephone: 992-65-68 E-mail: [email protected]; House of the Pilgrim hotel: [email protected] https://mitropolia-palomnik.ru

Th e Pilgrimage Coordination Center of St. Petersburg diocese was created with the blessing of the Metropolitan Barsanuphius of St. Petersburg and Ladoga. Th e main objectives of the Coordination Center are: – creating conditions for the formation and development of pilgrim in St. Petersburg; – assistance to the development of the pilgrimage centers of the city and the administration of St. Petersburg. Tasks of the center: – coordination of the interaction of pilgrimage services with state authorities, parishes, educational organizations, etc.; – coordination of the activities of pilgrim tourism centers of St. Petersburg; – organization of events and meetings for representatives of pilgrim tourism of St. Petersburg; – training of managers and specialists of pilgrim centers, educational organizations; – training of guides in eff ective mechanisms, forms and methods of pilgrim activity; – information and methodological support of services operating in St. Pe- tersburg; – propaganda of pilgrimage in St. Petersburg on Internet, regional mass me- dia and other resources. All the materials in this collection are taken from the sites of the respective temples and from open sources. 160