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Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND April 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 The Characteristics of Revolutionary Era in the Transition Period of the Democratization of ROK and Kyrgyzstan: The Era of Revolution and the Fates of Dictators Byoung-Kwon Ahn Graduate student, Department of political science, Bishkek Humanitarian University Abstract This paper will be analyze the era of the revolutions of South Korea and Kyrgyzstan in transition period into democratization, such as circumstances with respect to perform of the revolutions, the revolutionary force and various power struggle. Also in this paper we will analyze the changes about the political systems after the revolutions and about the fates of dictators. Keywords: May 16 military coup, October Yusin, 12.12 Military Insurrection, Coup of May Seventeenth, 18 May Gwangju Democratization Movement, Second Tulip Revolution, Constitutional amendment, Fates of dictators, Park Chung-hee, Chun Doo- hwan, Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev. http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/index Page 1051 Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND April 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Introduction In Republic of Korea (ROK) due to fraud and corruption of society and the second government's inability, “the May 16 military coup” takes place by Park Chung-hee, Major- General in May 1961. He had an appointment such as if social and political world is stable, he will be hand over military regime to politicians of consciences. And he revised the Constitution in December 1962. But he broke his promise cased by not return to the army. And he was elected President by running for president in October 1963. -
Media Reporting of the 2018 Inter-Korean Summit Peace Journalism, Peace Talks and the Two Korean Leaders
Media reporting of the 2018 Inter-Korean Summit Peace Journalism, Peace Talks and the Two Korean Leaders A Research Paper presented by: Eunhye Jo Korea, Republic of in partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Major: Social Policy for Development (SPD) Specialization: Conflict and Peace Studies Members of the Examining Committee: Dr. Dubravka Zarkov Dr. Shyamika Jayasundara-Smits The Hague, The Netherlands December 2018 ii Contents List of Tables iv List of Figures iv List of Appendices iv List of Acronyms v Abstract vi Chapter 1 Introduction: Media Representation & the Korean Society 1 1.1 The Korean Peninsula’s Past and Present 3 1.2 Research Questions and Objectives 6 1.3 Media Reporting Analysis Focused on the Korean Peninsula 7 1.4 My positionality 8 1.5 Scope and Limitation 8 Chapter 2 Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives 9 2.1 Theoretical perspectives: Representation and Peace Journalism Theory 9 2.2 Methodological Strategies: Framing and Categorization 11 2.3 Data Collection 12 Chapter 3 The Hankyoreh’s Peace Supportive Tone, Trust & Normalization Frame 13 3.1 Media reporting of Peace Negotiations 13 3.2 Media reporting of the Two Leaders 14 3.3 Visual and Textual Representations 17 3.4 Times and Places of Peace: Understanding and Peace Orientation 20 3.5 Clear us, vague them Categorization 22 Chapter 4 The Chosunilbo’s Neutral and Critical Tone, Distrust Frame 24 4.1 Media reporting of Peace Negotiations 24 4.2 Media reporting of the Two Leaders 25 4.3 Visual and Textual Representation 27 4.4 Times and Places of Truths: Distrust and Distrust 30 4.5 Vague us, clear them Categorization 32 Chapter 5 Conclusion: Beyond Peace Journalism 34 Notes 37 References 38 Appendices 1: 18 news articles of news coverage 45 iii List of Tables Table 2.1 Peace/conflict Journalism vs War/violence Journalism 10 Table 3.1 Conflicts: Solution versus Victory as U.S. -
Making, Remaking, and Unmaking of Collective Identities and Democratization: Democratic, Labour, and Women’S Movements in South Korea and Taiwan
Making, Remaking, and Unmaking of Collective Identities and Democratization: Democratic, Labour, and Women’s Movements in South Korea and Taiwan by Chong Su Kim B.A., Hanyang University, Seoul, 2002 M.A., University of Victoria, Canada, 2011 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Political Science ã Chong Su Kim, 2018 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Making, Remaking, and Unmaking of Collective Identities and Democratization: Democratic, Labour, and Women’s Movements in South Korea and Taiwan by Chong Su Kim B.A., Hanyang University, Seoul, 2002 M.A., University of Victoria, Canada, 2011 Supervisory Committee Dr. Matt James, Supervisor Department of Political Science Dr. Feng Xu, Departmental Member Department of Political Science Dr. Guoguang Wu, Departmental Member Department of Political Science Dr. William K. Carroll, Outside Member Department of Sociology iii Abstract The present dissertation focuses on the role of collective identities of Taiwanese and South Korean social movements in democratic processes. Taiwan and South Korea took similar paths of rapid industrial development and democratic processes. Yet, democratization and democracy is understood as and linked closely with national- sovereignty in Taiwan but popular-sovereignty in South Korea. This study asks how differences in understanding democracy and in democratic practices are engendered and reproduced and what the role of collective identities of social movements in democratic processes is. I answer these questions by exploring making, remaking, and unmaking of collective identities of Taiwanese and South Korean democratic, women's, and labour movements, and their role in democratization. -
Comparative Case Study on Institutionalizaiton of Ruling Parties Under Military Authoritarianism: Democratic Republican Party Un
The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 6(08): 5580-5589, 2019 DOI: 10.18535/ijsshi/v6i8.06 ICV 2015: 45.28 ISSN: 2349-2031 © 2019, THEIJSSHI Case Study Comparative Case Study on Institutionalizaiton of Ruling Parties under Military Authoritarianism: Democratic Republican Party under Park Chung-Hee Regime in South Korea (1961-1979) and Golkar under Suharto Regime in Indonesia (1966-1998) Sungdeuk Lee Department of Political Science, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract: Abstract: South Korea and Indonesia have experienced similar military political interventions and coups which brought a long military authoritarian regime. Strong military authoritarian regime with their own ruling parties could last for 18 years in South Korea and 32 years in Indonesia. In South Korea, Park Chung-hee Regime ended in 1979 when he was murdered by his subordinates, which was followed by the dissolution of the ruling party, Democratic Republican Party. Whereas in Indonesia, the reform movement with socio-political instability by the economic crisis in 1997 resulted the collapse of Suharto's hegemony and authoritarian regime in 1998 while the ruling party, Golkar still exists today. This study aims to find answers to why there have been differences in the end of both parties, related with the political party institutionalization. And this study would like to show that the Democratic Republican Party failed to be institutionalized while the Golkar Party could survive and win the election again. Thus, this study would like to say that the level of institutionalization must be different in the Democratic Republican Party and the Golkar Party. -
08 Soon-Won Kang 7교OK.Indd
Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018): 133-156 Research Article The Limit and Possibilities of Unification Education as Peace Education beyond Division in South Korea Soon-Won Kang In this article, the limits and possibilities of Korean unification education is critically examined and compared with the peace process on the Korean Peninsula for overcoming division from the perspective of peace education. For the purpose of becoming a single unified Korea, the direction of unification education has been presented within a hostile frame to cultivate attitudes and values for its own sake. Peace education in a divided society refers to a collective effort to transform the situation of hostile division into peaceful coexistence and rapprochement. In this context, unification education for overcoming the division of the Korean Peninsula should be established as the subject of critical peace education according to the global standards of Sustainable Development Goal 4.7. Keywords unification education, division of Korean Peninsula, peace process, peace education, Sustainable Development Goal 4.7 Introduction The people of the Korean Peninsula, including the Republic of Korea (ROK, South Korea) and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, North Korea), are anxious and worried that war might break out. As such unrest dominates the political atmosphere, culture, and media, peace is armed with the logic of national prosperity and military power and reflected in the educational culture of schools. Assuming that extreme school violence is related to this perspective of peace by force, the dehumanization of school violence and the high rate of suicide among youths can be attributed to a school environment in which authoritarian power is the preferred method of solving problems (Chung 2016). -
2019 Haley Cole at the Intersection of Hope
At the Intersection of Hope and Despair: Korea’s Uncertain Trajectory in the 1980s A Senior Project presented to the Faculty of the History Department California Polytechnic State University – San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts By Haley Cole June, 2019 © 2019 Haley Cole Cole 2 Abstract: The 1980s in South Korea were defined by political factionalism and constant protest. The brief ecstasy afforded by the assassination of the dictatorial president Park Chung Hee in 1979 gave way to disillusionment with the policies of his successor, Chun Doo Hwan. Throughout Chun’s term, he sought to subvert popular perceptions of his authoritarian illegitimacy he earned through the bloody military coup with which he obtained power. Chun hoped to justify his presidency within the contexts of 1) the 1987 presidential election, wherein the country would witness its first peaceful transfer of power in the post-war era, and 2) the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were to be hosted by South Korea for the first time in the country’s history. Chun attempted to use these two events to both threaten and placate his opposition throughout the decade. In my examination of this period, I will dissect Chun’s addresses to the nation in order to understand how he unsuccessfully sought to divert the blame for social division and unrest to pro-democracy demonstrators throughout the decade. I will also illustrate that, through the demonstrators’ unyielding tenacity in the face of Chun’s policies of suppression, aided by the pressures of international attention ahead of the Olympics, Chun’s dissidents successfully achieved democratic concessions from his administration ahead of the 1987 election. -
Arsenal of Terror: North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism
H R N K Joshua Stanton Arsenal of Terror North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism ARSENAL OF TERROR NORTH KOREA, StatE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM Joshua Stanton THE COMMITTEE FOR H R HUMAN RIGHTS IN NORTH KOREA N K 북한인권위원회 Copyright © 2015 by the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea All rights reserved ISBN: 978-0-9856480-3-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015937031 ARSENAL OF TERROR NORTH KOREA, StatE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 1001 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 435 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 499-7970 www.hrnk.org COMMIttEE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN NORTH KOREA (HRNK) BOARD OF DIREctORS Roberta Cohen (Co-Chair) John Despres (Treasurer) Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Consultant on International Financial & Brookings Institution Strategic Affairs Specializing in Humanitarian and Human Rights Issues Morton Abramowitz Senior Fellow, Andrew Natsios (Co-Chair) The Century Foundation Former Administrator, U.S. Agency for International Development Jerome Cohen Director, Co-Director, US-Asia Law Institute, Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs NYU Law School Executive Professor, The Bush School of Adjunct Senior Fellow, Government & Public Service, Council on Foreign Relations Texas A&M University Author of The Great North Korean Famine Lisa Colacurcio Advisor, Impact Investments Suzanne Scholte (Vice-Co-Chair) President, Rabbi Abraham Cooper Defense Forum Foundation Associate Dean, Seoul Peace Prize Laureate Simon Wiesenthal Center, Los Angeles Gordon Flake (Vice-Co-Chair) Jack David Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre, Senior Fellow, The University of Western Australia Hudson Institute Co-author, Paved with Good Intentions: The NGO Experience in North Korea Paula Dobriansky Chair, World Affairs Council of America Helen-Louise Hunter (Secretary) Adjunct Senior Fellow, Belfer Center for Attorney Science and International Affairs, Author of Kim II-Song’s North Korea Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Distinguished National Security Chair, U.S. -
The Biopolitical Otherization of North Korea: a Critique of Anti- North Koreanism in the Twilight of Neo-Liberalism and New Conservatism
University of Iowa Iowa Research Online Theses and Dissertations Spring 2010 The biopolitical otherization of North Korea: a critique of anti- North Koreanism in the twilight of neo-liberalism and new conservatism Minkyu Sung University of Iowa Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd Part of the Communication Commons Copyright © 2010 Minkyu Sung This dissertation is available at Iowa Research Online: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/604 Recommended Citation Sung, Minkyu. "The biopolitical otherization of North Korea: a critique of anti-North Koreanism in the twilight of neo-liberalism and new conservatism." PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.6lx669zd Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd Part of the Communication Commons THE BIOPOLITICAL OTHERIZATION OF NORTH KOREA: A CRITIQUE OF ANTI-NORTH KOREANISM IN THE TWILIGHT OF NEO-LIBERALISM AND NEW CONSERVATISM by Minkyu Sung An Abstract Of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Communication Studies in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa 1 May 2010 Thesis Supervisor: Associate Professor Mark Andrejevic 1 ABSTRACT My main argument in this dissertation is that popular nationalism in post-war South Korea, unlike the conventional claim to it among many South Korean critical intellectuals and unification policy-makers, cannot serve as an antidote to anti-North Koreanism. On the contrary, it is problematic that the cultural politics of national identification, prescribed as an authentic critical tool of challenging anti-North Koreanism, helps program hierarchical inter-Korea relationships by exposing the South Korean public to anomalous cultural-political characteristics of North Koreans. -
Abstract the Impact of United States' Food Aid on The
ABSTRACT THE IMPACT OF UNITED STATES’ FOOD AID ON THE SOUTH KOREAN DIET IN THE 1960s-1970s by Min-A Park The development of South Korea’s food industries during the 1960s-1970s was directly related to food aid from the United States which began promptly after World War II in 1945. Under Public Law 480 of 1954, the introduction of U.S. surplus agricultural commodities, especially wheat flour, was one of the most influential factors that contributed to South Korea’s postwar economic recovery and the growth of its food industries. By utilizing the P.L. 480 policy, South Korean President Chung-Hee Park enforced the HCU policy in 1963 to support food industries producing instant noodles and to encourage the public to consume U.S. wheat flour. The combination of the P.L. 480 policy and President Park’s HCU policy had a direct impact on South Korea’s food industries and furthermore ordinary people’s culinary culture. This thesis argues about South Korea’s development of food industries and the change of its ordinary people’s culinary culture by examining both the P.L. 480 policy and the HCU policy together. It was the U.S. food aid, specifically wheat flour, that proved to be most beneficial towards developing South Korean food industrial economy, and ultimately created a new change in South Korean diet. THE IMPACT OF UNITED STATES’ FOOD AID ON THE SOUTH KOREAN DIET IN THE 1960s-1970s A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS by Min-A Park Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2020 Advisor: Dr. -
State Ideology and Language Policy in North Korea
STATE IDEOLOGY AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN NORTH KOREA: AN ANALYSIS OF NORTH KOREA’S PUBLIC DISCOURSE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES (KOREAN) DECEMBER 2018 By Jae Sun Lee Dissertation Committee: Ho-min Sohn, Chairperson Mee-Jeong Park Mary Shin Kim Sang Yee Cheon William O’Grady ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Throughout my academic journey, I have learned that my work is not mine alone but is indebted to so many others, including those researchers who have preceded, inspired and taught me. I would like to thank all the people who have helped and supported my studies. Among them, I would like to express my special gratitude to Dr. Ho-min Sohn for serving as my dissertation chair, continuing even after his retirement. This study was initiated by his advice, when I took his sociolinguistics course as a graduate student largely ignorant of the language policy field. Since then, this study has grown and developed through his guidance. I also feel honored and grateful for the invaluable service and professional counsel of all my committee members, as well as for the University of Hawaiʻi faculty members and graduate students who have encouraged and helped guide my research. I consider myself very fortunate to have been able to access the North Korean public discourse data that undergirded this study, data that is not easy to find. For this, I offer my thanks to the librarians of Hamilton Library at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa who have built the North Korean collection there. -
The Role and Meaning of Religion for Korean Society
The Role and Meaning of Religion for Korean Society Edited by Song-Chong Lee Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Religions www.mdpi.com/journal/religions The Role and Meaning of Religion for Korean Society The Role and Meaning of Religion for Korean Society Special Issue Editor Song-Chong Lee MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Song-Chong Lee The University of Findlay USA Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Religions (ISSN 2077-1444) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special issues/Korean). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-888-6 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-889-3 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Kristine J. Park. c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”The Role and Meaning of Religion for Korean Society” ............... -
Lee / Seunghee Separation and Unification: an Analysis of South
Lee / Seunghee Separation and Unification: An Analysis of South Korean Efforts to Integrate North Korean Refugees Master’s Thesis in Education FACULTY OF EDUCATION Master’s Degree Programme in Education and Globalisation 2018 University of Oulu, Faculty of Education Separation and Unification: An Analysis of South Korean Efforts to Integrate North Korean Refugees (Seunghee Lee). Master’s Thesis, 79 pages, August 2018 North Koreans have entered South Korea seeking new lives due to political reasons, severe food shortage, family reunions or economic difficulty since 1953. Hereto, more than 31,000 North Korean refugees have settled in South Korea and the influx has increased steadily de- spite all adversities in desperate journeys. They are often expected to undergo a successful and smooth transition due to their shared traits, such as language, culture, and ethnicity. How- ever, they have encountered confusions and struggles to integrate into the South. This new social issue caused the government to create policy and programs to support their fruitful in- tegration and simultaneously provide positive interaction opportunities between North and South Korean people in the future, especially when unification finally occurs. This research focuses on attempts of the South Korea toward promoting North Korean refugees’ social inte- gration. I raised one main research question and two sub-questions. The main question is ‘How does the South Korean government attempt to integrate North Korean refugees into the society?’ Two sub-questions are ‘What are the policy features of the South Korean govern- ment to accommodate the North Korean refugees?’ and ‘What is the legal framework that secures the integration of North Korean refugees?’ I analyzed a government document ‘Man- ual for the resettlement Support for North Korean Refugees (2016)’ by thematic analysis.