DOCSLIB.ORG

Justice and the MV Rena

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Justice and the MV Rena The Anatomy of an Environmental Decision: A Discourse Analysis of Events and Processes Linked to the Grounding of the MV Rena Philippa Janne Galbraith A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2020 School of Communication Studies Abstract This research is concerned with the social construction of nature and the environment in connection with the case study of a man-made environmental disaster which occurred off the coast of the Bay of Plenty of New Zealand in 2011: the grounding of the MV Rena. The problem I explore relates to the clash of worldviews embodied in the contested discourses of the resource consent hearing to abandon the wreck of the Rena on Astrolabe Reef, also known as Ōtāiti. The objective of the research is to examine people’s stories and submissions on the resource consent process as discourses that influence the way people think about the environment and environmental justice in twenty-first century Aotearoa New Zealand. Two research questions guide this research. The first concerns the way in which different discourses related to the grounding were made manifest throughout the processes of the Resource Management Act 1991. The second deals with the dominance of certain discourses within the context of the resource consent hearing, and what this means in terms of social change for affected communities and environments. To this end, the research draws on theories of environmental and social justice, deliberative democracy, procedural inclusion and the special forms of psycho-social trauma experienced by communities, particularly indigenous communities, in the wake of environmental disaster. In terms of the development of the thesis, the concept of ‘nature’ as a social construction is considered along with a chronological review of Western ideas about nature and their evolution throughout history to modern times. Then, the issue of the Rena is introduced by way of thematic analysis of interview data. Analysis focuses on the discourses of the hearing, and I adopt a critical approach in unpacking and explicating the effects of the grounding on the beliefs and worldviews of those closely associated with the affected environments, the MV Rena and processes of impact assessment. Data comprised materials from the online archives of the Bay of Plenty Regional Council together with interviews conducted with key participants. Dryzek’s (2013) framework for categorising environmental discourses is used to organise the data according to different worldviews. Specific methods of critical discourse analysis are applied to i selected documents as a means of revealing the intertextuality of arguments and the rhetorical, grammatical devices and persuasive techniques employed by discursive agents to position themselves and their arguments in relation to others within the wider discourse of the hearing. The identification of themes within the interviews complemented and strengthened this approach. Significant findings in this research coincide with international research that shows indigenous communities experience environmental trauma and injustice in ways that are much more profound and socially corrosive than for mainstream communities, and that this is compounded by the historical, ongoing and wider environmental injustices of post-colonial, white settler societies. It shows that under the hierarchy of the Resource Management Act 1991, biophysical considerations take precedence over socio-cultural, and highlights the concept of environmental personhood as a means by which enviro-social-cultural considerations might find atonement within decision-making procedures. ii Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. vi Attestation of Authorship ............................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1 Introduction: the Saga of the MV Rena: ......................................................................................... 1 Purpose and context .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Evolution of the research ................................................................................................................................... 3 Design of the study ............................................................................................................................................ 5 The event: the grounding of the MV Rena ......................................................................................................... 6 Aftermath: public response and involvement .................................................................................................. 11 Structure of the thesis ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 Chapter 2 The Nature of ‘Nature’ ................................................................................................................. 24 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 The essence of things, an eternal feminine, intelligent organism and dualism ............................................... 26 A book in which God’s word is writ .................................................................................................................. 32 Geo-politics, the New World of the Pacific and colonialism ............................................................................. 38 Early environmentalism and Māori interests ................................................................................................... 49 Defining environmental justice: social movements and academia .................................................................. 54 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 62 iii Chapter 3 Methodology and Method ........................................................................................................... 63 Focus of the research ....................................................................................................................................... 63 Discourse as social practice and social process ................................................................................................ 65 The research problem and research questions ................................................................................................. 69 Gathering data and examining the texts ......................................................................................................... 70 Participants and interviews: the human experience of the MV Rena grounding ............................................. 71 Handling the interview data: thematic analysis ............................................................................................... 74 Archival data: evidence, submissions and technical reports ............................................................................ 76 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 82 Chapter 4 Localised Damage, but Pain Everywhere ...................................................................................... 84 Recreancy ......................................................................................................................................................... 84 Mauri and the MV Rena ................................................................................................................................... 97 Mamae, whakamā, mate Māori .................................................................................................................... 106 Whakamā, mana and mate Māori ................................................................................................................. 110 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 112 Chapter 5 Ko Au Te Moana, Te Moana Ko Au: the Tangata Whenua Perspective ........................................ 114 Basic frameworks and assumptions ............................................................................................................... 116 Basic entities: atua, ancestors and spiritual forces .......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2011/12 Annual Report
    2011/12 Annual Report ISSN 1174 4573 Contact Details Gisborne District Council 15 Fitzherbert Street Gisborne 4010 PO Box 747 Gisborne 4040 PHONE 062011/12 867 2049 Annual Report • FAX 06 867 8076 • EMAIL [email protected] • www.gdc.govt.nz Table of contents Page No. About this report...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .1-2 Performing for our Communities..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....4 Our District Highlights.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....5-17 Financial Overview.. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...18-20 Audit Report.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .. 21-22 Our District - the First to see the Light..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....24-27 Our Organisation ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .. 28 Our Council - Governance and Structure ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .....
    [Show full text]
  • Treaty of Waitangi Duties Relevant to Adaptation to Coastal Hazards from Sea-Level Rise
    Treaty of Waitangi duties relevant to adaptation to coastal hazards from sea-level rise Research Report for the Deep South National Science Challenge By Catherine Iorns* June 2019 * BA, LLB(Hons), Wgtn, LLM Yale; Reader in Law, Victoria University of Wellington. Treaty of Waitangi duties relevant to adaptation to coastal hazards from Title sea-level rise Author C J Iorns Magallanes (Catherine Iorns) Author Contact Details Catherine Iorns Victoria University of Wellington [email protected] Acknowledgements This research was funded by the Deep South National Science Challenge through a research contract with Victoria University of Wellington. Several research assistants have been funded through this research contract to work on different aspects of this report. Some assistants have been identified in specific sections as providing drafts of that section, while others worked across more than one section and are not specifically identified. No extra importance is implied by specific identification; all assistants have been invaluable and this report would not have been the same nor completed on time without them. In alphabetical order they are: Matthew Dicken, Melissa Harward, Rhianna Morar, Nicolaas Platje, Danica Soich, and Jesse Watts. Thanks are also due to those who helpfully reviewed the report: Prof Jacinta Ruru (University of Otago), Prof Huhana Smith (Massey University), A.Prof Sandy Morrison (University of Waikato; Deep South NSC), Shaun Awatere (Manaaki Whenua: Landcare Research, Deep South NSC) and Vanessa James (Victoria University of Wellington). However, none of these organisations is responsible for the information in this paper. Every effort has been made to ensure the soundness and accuracy of the opinions and information expressed in this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Volunteer Management
    Volunteer management Oil Spill Response Joint Industry Project The global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues 14th Floor, City Tower, 40 Basinghall Street, London EC2V 5DE, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)20 7633 2388 Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7633 2389 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.ipieca.org International Association of Oil & Gas Producers London office 14th Floor, City Tower, 40 Basinghall Street, London EC2V 5DE, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)20 3763 9700 Facsimile: +44 (0)20 3763 9701 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.iogp.org Brussels office Boulevard du Souverain 165, 4th Floor, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium Telephone: +32 (0)2 566 9150 Facsimile: +32 (0)2 566 9159 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.iogp.org © IPIECA-IOGP 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior consent of IPIECA/IOGP. Volunteer management i IPIECA-IOGP Oil Spill Response Joint Industry Project Contents Introduction 1 Guiding principles for using volunteers—command considerations 2 Guiding principles for using volunteers—operational considerations 2 Command considerations 3 Decide whether to use volunteers on the response 3 Volunteer roles/tasks 3 Volunteer supervision and management 6 Operational considerations 9 Checking in/out 9 Daily site briefing 9 Site supervision 9 Welfare and well-being 9 Case study 1: MV Cosco Busan—volunteer use in California oil spills 11 Case study 2: Response to the MV Rena spill 19 References and further reading 30 About this report In response to the Deepwater Horizon incident at the Macondo Prospect off the Gulf of Mexico In April 2010, the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) formed the Global Industry Response Group (GIRG).
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Grounding of the MV Rena in New Zealand, 5 October, 2011
    DOI: ISSN : Analysis of the grounding of the MV Rena in New Zealand, 5 October, 2011. Ian G. McLean Dept of Forestry and Resource Management, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Mokoia Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand 3046; E-Mail: [email protected] Corresponding Author: Ian G. McLean [email protected] ABSTRACT The grounding of the general cargo vessel MV Rena near Tauranga Harbor in October 2011 was New Zealand’s worst environmental disaster. The ship hit an offshore reef, creating hazardous salvage conditions, and the consequent spill of 350 tonnes of fuel oil affected 50 km of coastline and many islands. Many containers fell overboard, creating hazards for other shipping, requiring additional salvage resources, and introducing toxins to the marine environment that are still washing up six years later. The community responded to the disaster by flocking to the beaches and cleaning up the oil by hand, giving well over 20,000 hours of volunteer time. Short- and long-term environmental consequences for wildlife and the inshore marine environment are reviewed, along with the effects on the local economy, the political context and the management response. There were significant economic effects during the summer immediately following the event, but the clean-up appears to have been remarkably successful. While the above-water superstructure of the ship was removed, much of the (broken-up) hull remains on or close to the reef today. The final (legal) decision on the removal of the wreck has enabled abandonment of the wreck. There appear to be few, if any, long-term wider environmental effects although elevated levels of some contaminants are still measurable close to the wreck in 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Wreck-Removal-Report-3.Pdf
    London Offshore Consultants Pte. Ltd. 6 Shenton Way #19-09 OUE Downtown 2 Singapore 068809 T (+65) 6224 9200 F (+65) 6224 2416 E [email protected] www.loc-group.com REPORT ON THE COMPARISONS BETWEEN RENA AND OTHER WRECK REMOVAL OPERATIONS IN RECENT YEARS Date: 09 July 2014 Our Ref: 5750/LOCS/NEH/R007 An LOC Group Company. Reg. No. 004141987-W LOC Management System certified by DNV to ISO 9001:2008 Certificate no: 54838-2009-AQ-SGP-UKAS Our ref: 5750/LOCS/NEH/R007 1 REPORT ON THE COMPARISONS BETWEEN RENA AND OTHER WRECK REMOVAL OPERATIONS IN RECENT YEARS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Instructions Received 5 1.2 Scope of the Report 6 2. BACKGROUND 7 2.1 London Offshore Consultants 7 2.2 Nick Haslam 9 2.3 Assessing Wreck Removal 10 3. RENA 14 3.1 How Much of RENA Remains? 14 3.2 What are the Potential Impacts of Removing the Bow Section? 17 3.3 What Hazardous Materials Remain within the Bow Section? 19 3.4 What Contaminants May Exist in The Stern Section? 19 3.5 What Monitoring Systems Should Be Established? 21 3.6 What Would The Cost Be For Removal Of RENA? 22 4. CASUALTIES REVIEWED 25 4.1 Summary Table 25 4.2 CORAL BULKER 25 4.3 TRICOLOR 28 4.4 CP VALOR 30 4.5 ROKIA DELMAS 33 4.6 MSC NAPOLI 35 4.7 NEW FLAME 38 4.8 SEA DIAMOND 40 4.9 FEDRA 42 4.10 MSC CHITRA 44 4.11 MSC AL AMINE 46 Our ref: 5750/LOCS/NEH/R007 2 REPORT ON THE COMPARISONS BETWEEN RENA AND OTHER WRECK REMOVAL OPERATIONS IN RECENT YEARS 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Volume 31, Number
    Research Based on a paper presented at the Australia and New Zealand Disaster and Emergency Management Conference, May 2017. ABSTRACT In New Zealand, the social Integrating volunteering contribution of volunteers exceeds 270 million hours per year. Volunteer participation cultures in New is a vital component of emergency services activities, particularly in rural settings. Zealand’s multi-hazard Fire and Emergency New Zealand is the primary rural environment emergency response agency with a network encompassing 1 2 1 almost 3500 volunteers. This Dr Andrea Grant , Mary Hart and E. R. (Lisa) Langer ‘formal’ volunteer capacity aids 1. Scion, Christchurch, New Zealand. the wellbeing of communities, 2. Validatus Research, British Columbia, Canada. particularly in response Submitted: 4 April 2019. Accepted: 21 May 2019. to wildfire, but also other hazards. Formal organisation of volunteers is supplemented by Introduction informal volunteering, especially during response and recovery Volunteering increasingly attracts interest from governments in their phases and is increasingly recognition of the role volunteers play in the community as well as the voice encouraged in readiness and of change. Volunteers champion causes for the benefit of civil society that reduction activities. Informal may otherwise be neglected or unattended by the public sector (United volunteering, evident in the Nations 2012). The role of volunteers spans many aspects of social, health ‘spontaneous’ mobilisation of and emergency service to communities. These include supporting vulnerable resources during disasters, people in crisis or hazardous situations (e.g. Red Cross, State Emergency can evolve into more formal Services in Australia) as well as protecting endangered species and habitats structures. Governments and from ecological destruction and environmental harm (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Spill Dispersants
    http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Toxicological effects of MV Rena pollutants to New Zealand fish and lobster By Ashley Jade Webby A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand 2014 I dedicate my thesis to my partner Gary, Mum, Dad, Becks, David, Nana, Poppa and my three siblings, Michael, Madison and Matthew. This dedication also extends to my late grandparents Ian and Jessie Webby and my late great grandmother Frances Morrison. Jasus edwardsii Notolabrus celidotus Pagrus auratus Drawings of my study species by Catherine Kelly Abstract Abstract As part of the Rena Long Term Environmental Recovery Programme commissioned by the Ministry for the Environment in response to the grounding of the MV Rena on Astrolabe Reef (Otaiti), an experimental study of ecotoxicological effects was initiated to examine potential effects of major pollutants discharged from or associated with the Rena shipwreck.
    [Show full text]
  • Statutory Management Committee
    MEMORANDUM FOR: 5 October 2018 ..................................................……. Statutory Management Committee NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that there will be a meeting of the Statutory Management Committee at: 9.00am on Thursday, 11 October 2018 in the Council Chamber, Municipal Office Building, 101 Guyton Street, Whanganui. Hearings of submissions in relation to the Castlecliff Reserve Management Plan Business The following items of business will be considered:- No Item Page Ref 1. Apologies……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 2. Declaration of Interest…………………………………………………………………………………. 3 3. Standing Order 3.5 – Temporary Suspension of Standing Orders…………………. 3 4. Consideration of Submissions on the Castlecliff Coastal Reserve Management Plan ......................................... 4 A-E Adjournment 5. Deliberations of Submissions on the Castlecliff Coastal Reserve Management Plan ......................................... 8 Kym Fell Chief Executive _____________________________________________________________________________ Statutory Management Committee Terms of Reference Terms of Reference: 1. Regulatory: (a) To hear and determine matters under the Dog Control Act 1996; (b) To hear and determine objections to urban and rural temporary road closure objections. (c) Delegated power under section 67A of the Building Act to grant a waiver or modification of section 162C (1) or (2) of the Building Act. (d) Delegated power under clause 16.2 of the Whanganui District Council Streets Infrastructure Bylaw 2015 to confirm, reverse, or modify the decision or conditions made by an authorised officer. 2. Policy and Bylaws: (a) To hear and make recommendations to Council on the adoption of a bylaw. (b) To hear and make a determination on those submissions on proposed policies except those policies required to be adopted and consulted on under the Local Government Act in association with the long-term plan or developed for the purpose of the Local Governance Statement.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Oil Spill Risk Assessment 2015
    Marine Oil Spill Risk Assessment 2015 Prepared by Navigatus Consulting for Maritime New Zealand 20 May 2015 This page is intentionally blank. MOSRA15 Final Report.docx Prepared by Navigatus Consulting Ltd for: Maritime New Zealand Navigatus Consulting Limited 347 Parnell Road PO Box 137249 Parnell, Auckland 1052 +64 9 377 4132 www.navigatusconsulting.com Quality Control Prepared by: Geraint Bermingham Reviewed by: Revision Date Authorised By Name Signature Initial Draft 15 March 2015 G. Bermingham Final Draft Rev 1.91 30 April 2015 G. Bermingham Final Report 20 May 2015 G. Bermingham i Navigatus Consulting for Maritime New Zealand This page is intentionally blank. MOSRA15 Final Report.docx Contents 1. Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 2. Background ................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Project aim and deliverables ................................................................................. 3 2.2 Project history ........................................................................................................ 4 2.3 MOSRA15 ............................................................................................................. 5 2.4 MOSRA15 project approach ................................................................................. 5 3. Data sources, assumptions, and limitations ................................................................ 6 3.1
    [Show full text]
  • Maritime New Zealand Annual Report 2012/13
    ANNUAL REPORT 2012/13 F.12 New Zealand’s vibrant, viable maritime community… at work and at play, safely and securely on clean waters WHY MARITIME NEW ZEALAND’S VISION AND THE WORK WE DO ARE IMPORTANT: Close to 99% OF OUR IMPORTS AND 900,000 PLEASURE CRAFT EXPORTS by volume are transported to market operate in New Zealand waters and every year by sea more than 1 MILLION PEOPLE take to the water on recreational craft Over 1,500 FISHING VESSELS operate around New Zealand’s coastline waters, 15,000 KILOMETRES OF EARNING $1.4 BILLION IN EXPORTS in COASTLINE around New Zealand is largely 2011/12 rugged and remote, and reliable navigational aids, search and rescue and a 24 hour distress and safety radio service are vital 687 VISITS TO NEW ZEALAND PORTS were made by 40 CRUISE LINERS in 2012/13 141 AIDS TO NAVIGATION, including 23 CLASSIC LIGHTHOUSES and 75 LIGHT 850 FOREIGN CARGO VESSELS made BEACONS, are maintained by maritime 4,978 VISITS to our ports during 2012/13 New Zealand 11.4 MILLION TONNES OF OIL are 30 MILLION SQUARE KILOMETRES is transported around New Zealand’s coastline the size of New Zealand’s search and rescue annually by more than 90 OIL TANKERS region, one of the largest in the world, managed by Maritime New Zealand 1 MILLION PASSENGERS and more than 230,000 VEHICLES cross Cook Strait annually 764 INCIDENTS responded to by the on 7,000 INTERISLAND FERRY SAILINGS Rescue Coordination Centre during 2012/13 5 MILLION PASSENGERS a year use Close to 400 MARITIME INCIDENTS 1,154 harbour ferries to go on holiday and AND ACCIDENTS were
    [Show full text]
  • The Naval Contribution to National Security and Prosperity
    The Naval Contribution to National Security and Prosperity Proceedings of the Royal Australian Navy Sea Power Conference 2012 © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2013 This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, and with the standard source credit included, no part may be reproduced without written permission. Inquiries should be address to the Director, Sea Power Centre - Australia. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The view expressed are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Australian Government, the Department of Defence and the Royal Australian Navy. The Commonwealth of Australia will not be legally responsible in contract, tort or otherwise for any statement made in this publication. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- National Library of Australia - Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Author: Forbes, Andrew, 1962 - Title: The Naval Contribution to National Security and Prosperity: Proceedings of the Royal Australian Navy Conference 2012 ISBN: 978 0 642 29769 3 Subjects: Australia, Royal Australian Navy The Naval Contribution to National Security and Prosperity Proceedings of the Royal Australian Navy Sea Power Conference 2012 Edited by Andrew Forbes Sea Power Centre – Australia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Shipping Law Review
    Shipping Law Review Eighth Edition Editors Andrew Chamberlain, Holly Colaço and Richard Neylon lawreviews © 2021 Law Business Research Ltd Shipping Law Review Eighth Edition Reproduced with permission from Law Business Research Ltd This article was first published in June 2021 For further information please contact [email protected] Editors Andrew Chamberlain, Holly Colaço and Richard Neylon lawreviews © 2021 Law Business Research Ltd PUBLISHER Clare Bolton HEAD OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT Nick Barette TEAM LEADERS Jack Bagnall, Joel Woods BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGERS Katie Hodgetts, Rebecca Mogridge BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT EXECUTIVE Olivia Budd RESEARCH LEAD Kieran Hansen EDITORIAL COORDINATOR Hannah Higgins PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS DIRECTOR Adam Myers PRODUCTION EDITOR Caroline Fewkes SUBEDITOR Martin Roach CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Nick Brailey Published in the United Kingdom by Law Business Research Ltd, London Meridian House, 34–35 Farringdon Street, London, EC4A 4HL, UK © 2021 Law Business Research Ltd www.TheLawReviews.co.uk No photocopying: copyright licences do not apply. The information provided in this publication is general and may not apply in a specific situation, nor does it necessarily represent the views of authors’ firms or their clients. Legal advice should always be sought before taking any legal action based on the information provided. The publishers accept no responsibility for any acts or omissions contained herein. Although the information provided was accurate as at May 2021, be advised that this is a
    [Show full text]