ATHENA, 200 Nr. 3, ISSN 1822-504 135 Jūratė Baranova POSTMODERNISM IN LITHUANIAN LITER ATUR E Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas / Vilnius Pedagogical University Socialinių mokslų fakultetas / Faculty of Social Sciences Filosofijos katedra / Department of Philosophy Ševčenkos g. 31–228, LT- 03111 Vilnius El. paštas / e-mail:
[email protected] Recent Lithuanian Novels and the ‘Everything Is Allowed’ Criterion Does postmodern literature exist in Lithuania? Or do we just use the concept of ‘postmodernism’ and apply it to literature? If we only use the concept, with what purpose? If, however, postmodernism exists as a phenomenon in Lithuanian literature, and not only as a concept, how to find and recognize it? How to explain it descriptively? It is not so easy to answer this question. It seems it must also exist as a phenomenon because when interviewing Tomas Venclova, Jurga Ivanauskaitė asked for his opinion about postmodern litera- ture as a phenomenon and wondered if he, like many others in Lithuania, negated it categorically. Negation should perhaps be understood as criticism here, not as negation of existence. Ivanauskaitė did not explain in any de- tail what postmodern literature specifically was. Venclova answered that he did not negate it categorically, but could not say he liked it very much. We will know what is valuable in postmodernism, according to him, when we have some distance in time. Neither did he specify, which particular literary works by Lithuanian authors should be attributed to postmodernism. He 13 only shared with us a criterion to recognize it. He referred to Leszek Kola- kowski’s claim that postmodern literature seems to be written according to the principle of “everything is allowed” (from shocking scenes of sex or hor- ror to kitsch as a principle and that use of texts that was called plagiarism in the past).1 I feel that this definition is not descriptive but judgmental, as it implies some negative moral commitment of postmodern literature: kitsch, tastelessness, plagiarism and horror.