Integrative Zoology
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Evolutionary History of Inversions in the Direction of Architecture-Driven
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.085712; this version posted May 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Evolutionary history of inversions in the direction of architecture- driven mutational pressures in crustacean mitochondrial genomes Dong Zhang1,2, Hong Zou1, Jin Zhang3, Gui-Tang Wang1,2*, Ivan Jakovlić3* 1 Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China. 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan 430075, China * Corresponding authors Short title: Evolutionary history of ORI events in crustaceans Abbreviations: CR: control region, RO: replication of origin, ROI: inversion of the replication of origin, D-I skew: double-inverted skew, LBA: long-branch attraction bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.085712; this version posted May 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Abstract Inversions of the origin of replication (ORI) of mitochondrial genomes produce asymmetrical mutational pressures that can cause artefactual clustering in phylogenetic analyses. It is therefore an absolute prerequisite for all molecular evolution studies that use mitochondrial data to account for ORI events in the evolutionary history of their dataset. -
On the Complexities of Using New Visual Technologies to Communicate About Wildlife Communication
Verma A, Van der Wal R, Fischer A. Microscope and spectacle: On the complexities of using new visual technologies to communicate about wildlife communication. Ambio 2015, 44(Suppl. 4), 648-660. Copyright: © The Author(s) 2015 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. DOI link to article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0715-z Date deposited: 05/12/2016 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Newcastle University ePrints - eprint.ncl.ac.uk Ambio 2015, 44(Suppl. 4):S648–S660 DOI 10.1007/s13280-015-0715-z Microscope and spectacle: On the complexities of using new visual technologies to communicate about wildlife conservation Audrey Verma, Rene´ van der Wal, Anke Fischer Abstract Wildlife conservation-related organisations well-versed in crafting public outreach and awareness- increasingly employ new visual technologies in their raising activities. These range from unidirectional educa- science communication and public engagement efforts. tional campaigns and advertising and branding projects, to Here, we examine the use of such technologies for wildlife citizen science research with varying degrees of public conservation campaigns. We obtained empirical data from participation, the implementation of interactive media four UK-based organisations through semi-structured strategies, and the expansion of modes of interpretation to interviews and participant observation. -
Camera Installation Instructions
Camera Installation Instructions Before going into the field: The following field equipment and supplies need to be ready and packed before the team leaves for a field assignment: 1) Trail camera unit. Unit should include the actual trail camera with 8 Eneloop batteries and SD card already in place, the trail camera armored case with label attached, and the master python cable lock with matching key on keychain. REMEMBER!!! When packing the camera traps to take in the field do not store them with food or any other substances that might attach odors to the camera trap. Food or other smells might attract animals to the camera trap in the field, thus biasing the estimates of detection probability. 2) GPS capable device. This can either be a portable or handheld GPS unit or a GPS- capable smartphone with either the TopoMaps+ (iPhone) or Backcountry Navigator (Android) application downloaded. 3) Fieldwork folder. The fieldwork folder should include this camera installation sheet; the datasheet required for each check; the station placard to be displayed after a deployment, check, or takedown; a dry erase marker, and a pen. 4) Hiking equipment. Please make sure to have AT LEAST the following whenever going out into the field: a. Daypack and hiking partner (all volunteers MUST be accompanied by AT LEAST one other person b. Map, GPS, or compass c. Extra clothing, food, and water d. First-aid kit e. Headlamp or flashlight f. Matches and fire-starting kit or lighter g. Knife or multi-use camping tool h. Sunglasses and sunscreen i. Water treatment device j. -
Camera Trapping for Science
Camera Trapping for Science Richard Heilbrun Tania Homayoun, PhD Texas Parks & Wildlife Texas Parks & Wildlife Session Overview •Introduction to Camera Trapping Basics (1hour) •Hands‐on Practice with Cameras (1.5 hours) •Break (10 min) •Processing Results Presentation & Activity (1 hour 20min) Introduction to Camera Trapping T. Homayoun Overview •Brief history of camera trapping •Various uses of camera trapping •Camera trapping for citizen science: Texas Nature Trackers program •Camera trapping basics •Considerations for the field History of Camera Trapping • 1890s – George Shiras’s trip wire photography of wildlife • 1927 – Frank M Chapman’s photo censusing of Barro Colorado Island, Panama –Starting to document individuals based on markings • 1930s ‐ Tappan George’s North American wildlife photos –Documentation of set‐up, photo processing, logistics George Shiras, 1903, trip wire photo History of Camera Trapping • 1950s – flash bulb replaces magnesium powder –Still using trip wires, often with bait –Recording behaviors & daily activity • 1960s – using beam of light as trip wire –Series of photos, more exposures –6V car batteries to maintain power –Still very heavy set‐ups (~50lbs) • 1970s‐80s – 35mm cameras –Time‐lapse –Much lighter (6‐13 lbs) George Shiras, 1903, trip wire photo History of Camera Trapping • 1990s – infrared trigger system available –Much smaller units –Drastic jump in quality and affordability • Robustness and longevity make more locations and situations accessible to researchers Camera trap records wolves in Chernobyl -
Effect of Removal of Organic Material on Stable Isotope Ratios in Skeletal Carbonate from Taxonomic Groups with Complex Mineralogies
Received: 19 May 2020 Revised: 16 July 2020 Accepted: 17 July 2020 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8901 RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of removal of organic material on stable isotope ratios in skeletal carbonate from taxonomic groups with complex mineralogies Marcus M. Key Jr1 | Abigail M. Smith2 | Niomi J. Phillips1 | Jeffrey S. Forrester3 1Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 1773, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, Rationale: Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios are one of the most accurate 17013-2896, USA ways of determining environmental changes in the past, which are used to predict 2Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, future environmental change. Biogenic carbonates from marine organisms are the New Zealand most common source of samples for stable isotope analysis. Before they are 3 Department of Mathematics and Computer analyzed by mass spectrometry, any organic material is traditionally removed by one Science, P.O. Box 1773, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, 17013-2896, USA of three common pretreatment methods: roasting, bleaching, or with hydrogen peroxide at various strengths and durations. Correspondence 18 13 Marcus M. Key, Jr, Department of Earth Methods: This study compares δ O and δ C values in a control with no Sciences, P.O. Box 1773, Dickinson College, pretreatment with those from five different pretreatment methods using Carlisle, PA 17013-2896, USA. Email: [email protected] conventional acid digestion mass spectrometry. The objectives are to: assess the impact of the most common pretreatment methods on δ18O and δ13C values from Funding information Atlantic Richfield Foundation Research Award (1) taxonomically underrepresented groups in previous studies, and (2) those that of Dickinson College; Research and precipitate a wide range of biomineralogies, in the debate of whether to pretreat or Development Committee of Dickinson College not to pretreat. -
University of Cape Town
The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Taxonomy, Systematics and Biogeography of South African Cirripedia (Thoracica) Aiden Biccard Town A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degreeCape of Master of Science in the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town Supervisor Prof. Charles L. Griffiths University 1 Town “and whatever the man called every livingCape creature, that was its name.” - Genesis 2:19 of University 2 Plagiarism declaration This dissertation documents the results of original research carried out at the Marine Biology Research Centre, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town. This work has not been submitted for a degree at any other university and any assistance I received is fully acknowledged. The following paper is included in Appendix B for consideration by the examiner. As a supervisor of the project undertaken by T. O. Whitehead, I participated in all of the field work and laboratory work involved for the identification of specimens and played a role in the conceptualisation of the project. Figure 1 was compiled by me. Town Whitehead, T. O., Biccard, A. and Griffiths, C. L., 2011. South African pelagic goose barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica): substratum preferences and influences of plastic debris on abundance and distribution. Crustaceana, 84(5-6): 635-649. -
Smithsonian Institution Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Justification to Congress
Smithsonian Institution Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Justification to Congress February 2020 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION (SI) Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Request to Congress TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Overview .................................................................................................... 1 FY 2021 Budget Request Summary ........................................................... 5 SALARIES AND EXPENSES Summary of FY 2021 Changes and Unit Detail ........................................ 11 Fixed Costs Salary and Related Costs ................................................................... 14 Utilities, Rent, Communications, and Other ........................................ 16 Summary of Program Changes ................................................................ 19 No-Year Funding and Object-Class Breakout .......................................... 23 Federal Resource Summary by Performance/Program Category ............ 24 MUSEUMS AND RESEARCH CENTERS Enhanced Research Initiatives ........................................................... 26 National Air and Space Museum ........................................................ 28 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ............................................ 36 Major Scientific Instrumentation .......................................................... 41 National Museum of Natural History ................................................... 47 National Zoological Park ..................................................................... 55 Smithsonian Environmental -
Efficient Pipeline for Camera Trap Image Review
Efficient Pipeline for Camera Trap Image Review Sara Beery Dan Morris Siyu Yang [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] California Institute of Technology Microsoft AI for Earth Microsoft AI for Earth Pasadena, California Redmond, Washington Redmond, Washington Figure 1: Example results from our generic detector, on images from regions and/or species not seen during training. ABSTRACT Previous work has shown good results on automated species Biologists all over the world use camera traps to monitor biodi- classification in camera trap data [8], but further analysis has shown versity and wildlife population density. The computer vision com- that these results do not generalize to new cameras or new geo- munity has been making strides towards automating the species graphical regions [3]. Additionally, these models will fail to recog- classification challenge in camera traps [1, 2, 4–16], but it has proven nize any species they were not trained on. In theory, it is possible difficult to to apply models trained in one region to images collected to re-train an existing model in order to add missing species, but in in different geographic areas. In some cases, accuracy falls off cata- practice, this is quite difficult and requires just as much machine strophically in new region, due to both changes in background and learning expertise as training models from scratch. Consequently, the presence of previously-unseen species. We propose a pipeline very few organizations have successfully deployed machine learn- that takes advantage of a pre-trained general animal detector and ing tools for accelerating camera trap image annotation. -
Courses Taught in Foreign Languages in Academic Year 2018/19 Content
Courses taught in foreign languages in academic year 2018/19 Content DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 4 Behavior – introduction to ethology, behavioral ecology and sociobiology ................................ 4 Mammalogy .................................................................................................................................. 5 Plant Physiology ............................................................................................................................ 6 General of Parasitology ................................................................................................................. 7 General Zoology ............................................................................................................................ 8 Animal and Human Physiology ..................................................................................................... 9 Ecology ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Microfluidic systems in bioanalytical applications ...................................................................... 12 Molecular and Cell Biology .......................................................................................................... 13 Mycology .................................................................................................................................... -
Camera Trap Overview, Types & Features Camera Trap
www.ZSL.org emai: 19/03/2016 [email protected] Camera Trap Overview, Types & Camera Trap Overview, Types & Features Features Rajan Amin, Lucy Tallents & Tim Wacher Drs Rajan Amin, Lucy Tallents & Tim Wacher Specific Learning Objectives To introduce camera trap technology including camera types and operational features for use in animal population surveys Intellectual property rights belong to the authors. None of the information contained herein should be used, in whole or in part, for distribution or presentation without prior consent of the authors Camera types Deer Cam Reconyx $50-100 $450-650 film digital Camera types Moultrie Buckeye $65-100 $800-1500 digital digital Wirelessly downloads to base station or laptop How do they work? How do they work? Non-triggered Triggered • Time lapse • Different triggers • Continuous recording – Mechanical • Used in: . Baited traps – Animal behaviour (e.g. nest . Weight ecology) – Animals in open spaces . Shore birds . Grazing animals, water holes – Infrared . Seals, penguins . Passive . Active • Require more power (depending on Passive trigger (PIR) the application) Active trigger – External power source • Infrared beam – Solar power • Some commercial cameras can be setup in both operation modes • Heat in motion (but • Mechanical lever • Require more storage & processing reptiles?) – Lots of images • Trip wire – Video • Pressure-activated ©ZSL/author 1 www.ZSL.org emai: 19/03/2016 [email protected] How do they work? How do they work? “passive” camera system triggered by body heat and movement as the animal passes in front of the sensor PIR sensor Detection zone Passive Infra-red (PIR) sensor Detection zone • Heat-in-motion detector • Area in which sensor is able to detect the target • Optimum detection is where the temperature difference between target and background > 2.7 • Important feature and not degrees C. -
Remote Camera Trap Installation and Servicing Protocol
Remote Camera Trap Installation and Servicing Protocol Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project 2017 Field Season Prepared by David Moskowitz Alison Huyett Contributors: Aleah Jaeger Laurel Baum This document available online at: https://www.conservationnw.org/wildlife-monitoring/ Citizen Wildlife Monitoring Project partner organizations: Conservation Northwest and Wilderness Awareness School Contents Field Preparation……………………………………………………………………………...1 Installing a Remote Camera Trap…………………………………………………………...2 Scent lures and imported attractants………………………………………………..5 Setting two remote cameras in the same area……………………………………..6 Servicing a Remote Camera Trap ……………………………………................................6 Considerations for relocating a camera trap………………………………………...8 Remote Camera Data Sheet and Online Photo Submission………………………….......8 CWMP Communications Protocol……………………………………………………11 Wildlife Track and Sign Documentation………………..……………………………………12 Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………....13 Appendix: Track Photo Documentation Guidelines………………………………………..14 Field Preparation 1. Research the target species for your camera, including its habitat preferences, tracks and signs, and previous sightings in the area you are going. 2. Research your site, consider your access and field conditions. Where will you park? Do you need a permit to park in this location? What is your hiking route? Call the local ranger district office closest to your site for information on current field conditions, especially when snow is possible to still be present. 3. Know your site: familiarize yourself with your location, the purpose of your monitoring, target species, and site-specific instructions (i.e. scent application, additional protocols). 4. Review this protocol and the species-specific protocol for your camera trap installation, to understand processes and priorities for the overall program this year. 5. Coordinate with your team leader before conducting your camera check to make sure you receive any important updates. -
A Camera-Trap Based Inventory to Assess Species Composition Of
A camera-trap based inventory to assess species composition of large- and medium-sized terrestrial mammals in a Lowland Amazonian rainforest in Loreto, Peru: a comparison of wet and dry season Panthera onca Master-Thesis To gain the Master of Science degree (M.Sc.) in Wildlife Ecology & Wildlife Management of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) in Vienna, Austria presented by Robert Behnke (1240308) born May 10, 1982 in Dresden, Germany Master Thesis Advisor: Dr. Dirk Meyer, Germany 1st Evaluator: Prof. Dr. Keith Hodges, Germany 2nd Evaluator: Dr. Dirk Meyer, Germany Vienna, Austria – 19th October 2015 i ii Acknowledgements First of all, I want to thank Prof. Keith Hodges of the German Primate Center (DPZ), Göttingen, Lower Saxony for practical advice concerning methodology of the study, as well as financial support concerning transportation and material for the camera-trap based survey in Peru. Furthermore, I thank Dr. Dirk Meyer and Dr. Christian Matauschek of Chances for Nature e.V. in Berlin for practical advice and the opportunity to participate in the project and in Peru and to conduct an inventory focusing on large- and medium-sized terrestrial mammal species composition in the study area. Additional acknowledgments belong to Anna Anschütz, Gabriel Hirsch and Sabine Moll, who supervised and executed the collection of data for the camera-trap based inventory during the dry season. In Peru, I want to kindly thank Dr. Mark Bowler, Iquitos who gave me useful insight information on how to deploy and set camera traps, as well as addressing practical concerns, when placing cameras in neotropical environments.