Baraminological Analysis of Devonian and Carboniferous Tetrapodomorphs
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Tiktaalik: Reconstructed at Left Tetrapod Testimony
Fa m i liar Fossils Tiktaalik fossil at right and Fossil site Tiktaalik: reconstructed at left Tetrapod Testimony IMAGINE a creature that looks like a crocodile with a neck but which also has gills like a fish! The stuff of nightmares, did you say? But it is just Tiktaalik roseae – a fish-like fossil that was introduced to the year old rocks. world on April 2006 by a team of researchers led by Neil They had a pretty Shubin, Edward Daeschler and Farish Jenkins, who clear idea about uncovered this bizarre specimen. It has been hailed as what sort of being the species that blurs the boundary between fish animal they were and the four-legged tetrapods. looking for. Tiktaalik was found on Ellesmere Island, Canada, However, success not too far from the North Pole in the Arctic Circle. It has was not been described as, “a cross between a fish and a crocodile.” immediate. It took It lived in the Devonian era lasting from 417m to 354m them five separate years ago. The name Tiktaalik is the Inuktitut word for expeditions to the freshwater fish burbot (Lota lota). The name was Canada before they suggested by Inuit elders of the area where the fossil was raised the discovered. The specific name roseae holds the clue to Tiktaalik. the name of an anonymous donor and is a tribute to the Tiktaalik was dubbed a “fishapod” by Daeschler. The person. media called it a “missing link” between fish and the Tiktaalik was a fish no doubt but a special one. Its four-legged tetrapods. -
On the Pelvic Girdle and Pin of Eusthenopteron. by Edwin S
PELVIC GIRDLE AND D'lN . OF EUSTHKNOPfERON. 311 On the Pelvic Girdle and Pin of Eusthenopteron. By Edwin S. Goodrich, M.A., Fellow of Mertoa College, Oxford. With Plate 16. 1 THROUGH the kindness of Mr. A. Smith Woodward, I have recently had the opportunity of looking through the fossil fish acquired by the British Museum since the Cata- logue was published. Amongst these was found a specimen of Eusthenopteron foordi, Whit., showing the endo- skeleton of the pelvic girdle and fin, of which I here give a description. The interest attaching to this fossil is con- siderable, since, of all the numerous extinct fish usually included in the group " Crossopterygii," it is the first and only one in which the parts of the skeleton of the pelvic girdle and its fin have been found complete and in their natural relations.2 The specimen (P. 6794) of which both the slab and the counterslab have been preserved, comes from the Upper Devonian of Canada. In it can be made out the skeleton of the pelvic girdle and fin of the right side, in a fairly com- plete and well-preserved condition, as represented in PI. 16, fig. 1, natural size. 1 To Mr. Smith Woodward I am also indebted for constant help when working in his Department. a The skeleton of the pelvic fin of Megalichthys has to some extent been made known by Cope, Miall, and Wellburn (2, 5, and 9), and the essential structure of that of Eusthenopteron has been briefly described by Traquair (7). VOL. 45, FART 2.—NEW SKKIES. -
Université Du Québec
UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC PRÉCISIONS SUR L'ANATOMIE DE L'OSTÉOLÉPIFORME EUSTHENOPTERON FOORDI DU DÉVONIEN SUPÉRIEUR DE MIGUASHA, QUÉBEC MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ À L'UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI Comme exigence partielle du programme de Maîtrise en Gestion de la Faune et de ses Habitats PAR JOËL LEBLANC Août 2005 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI Service de la bibliothèque Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire « Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un rapport, un mémoire ou une thèse ». En signant ce formulaire, l’auteur concède à l’Université du Québec à Rimouski une licence non exclusive d’utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d’une partie importante de son travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, l’auteur autorise l’Université du Québec à Rimouski à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de son travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l’Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n’entraînent pas une renonciation de la part de l’auteur à ses droits moraux ni à ses droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, l’auteur conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont il possède un exemplaire. 11 TABLE DES MATIÈRES TABLE DES MATIÈRES .... ..... ............................. .. ...... .. .... .. .... ........... ... ............................. .ii LISTE DES TABLEAUX .. ............ -
Tetrapods, Amphibians, and Life on Land
Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Strolling through life Tetrapods, amphibians, and life on land Tetrapods - the clade of four- limbed terrestrial vertebrates Living tetrapod groups: * amphibians * mammals (including humans) * lizards and snakes * crocodilians * birds Eurypos , early Permian temnospondyl (painting by Douglas Henderson, 1990) Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygia) Living coelacanth Fossil sarcopterygians Late Cretaceous (ca. 65 mya) Carboniferous (ca. 300 mya) Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Comparison of pectoral fins Actinopterygian Sarcopterygian (ray finned) (lobe finned) Scapulocoracoid Humerus Ulna Radius Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Coelacanth pectoral fins Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Ancestral characteristics of living tetrapods • Pelvic and pectoral girdles • Forelimb with humerus, radius, and ulna bones • Hindlimb with femur, tibia, and fibula bones • five digits on the feet • sprawling posture • undulating locomotion • skull with no fenestra Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Tetrapoda: vertebrates more closely related to living Phylogeny of Bony Fish amphibians and amniotes than to their nearest living relatives Fossil taxa coelocanths and Fish-like amphibian-like lung fish Tetrapods Tetrapods Actinopterygia Coelocanths Dipnoans (lungfish) Osteolepis Eusthenopteron Pandericthyes Acanthostega Icthyostega tetrapods Derived Tetrapoda Sarcopterygia Osteichthyes After Coates and Ruta, 2007. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution And
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution and Development of Fishes Edited by Zerina Johanson , Charlie Underwood , Martha Richter Index More Information Index abaxial muscle,33 Alizarin red, 110 arandaspids, 5, 61–62 abdominal muscles, 212 Alizarin red S whole mount staining, 127 Arandaspis, 5, 61, 69, 147 ability to repair fractures, 129 Allenypterus, 253 arcocentra, 192 Acanthodes, 14, 79, 83, 89–90, 104, 105–107, allometric growth, 129 Arctic char, 130 123, 152, 152, 156, 213, 221, 226 alveolar bone, 134 arcualia, 4, 49, 115, 146, 191, 206 Acanthodians, 3, 7, 13–15, 18, 23, 29, 63–65, Alx, 36, 47 areolar calcification, 114 68–69, 75, 79, 82, 84, 87–89, 91, 99, 102, Amdeh Formation, 61 areolar cartilage, 192 104–106, 114, 123, 148–149, 152–153, ameloblasts, 134 areolar mineralisation, 113 156, 160, 189, 192, 195, 198–199, 207, Amia, 154, 185, 190, 193, 258 Areyongalepis,7,64–65 213, 217–218, 220 ammocoete, 30, 40, 51, 56–57, 176, 206, 208, Argentina, 60–61, 67 Acanthodiformes, 14, 68 218 armoured agnathans, 150 Acanthodii, 152 amphiaspids, 5, 27 Arthrodira, 12, 24, 26, 28, 74, 82–84, 86, 194, Acanthomorpha, 20 amphibians, 1, 20, 150, 172, 180–182, 245, 248, 209, 222 Acanthostega, 22, 155–156, 255–258, 260 255–256 arthrodires, 7, 11–13, 22, 28, 71–72, 74–75, Acanthothoraci, 24, 74, 83 amphioxus, 49, 54–55, 124, 145, 155, 157, 159, 80–84, 152, 192, 207, 209, 212–213, 215, Acanthothoracida, 11 206, 224, 243–244, 249–250 219–220 acanthothoracids, 7, 12, 74, 81–82, 211, 215, Amphioxus, 120 Ascl,36 219 Amphystylic, 148 Asiaceratodus,21 -
A New Osteolepidid Fish From
Rea. West. Aust. MU8. 1985, 12(3): 361-377 ANew Osteolepidid Fish from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia J.A. Long* Abstract A new osteolepidid crossopterygian, Gogonasus andrewsi gen. et sp. nov., is des cribed from a single fronto-ethmoidal shield and associated ethmosphenoid, from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Western Australia. Gogonasus is is distinguished from other osteolepids by the shape and proportions of the fronto ethmoidal shield, absence of palatal fenestrae, well developed basipterygoid pro cesses and moderately broad parasphenoid. The family Osteolepididae is found to be paraphyletic, with Gogonasus being regarded as a plesiomorphic osteolepidid at a similar level of organisation to Thursius. Introduction Much has been published on the well-preserved Late Devonian fish fauna from the Gogo Formation, Western Australia, although to date all the papers describing fish have been on placoderms (Miles 1971; Miles and Dennis 1979; Dennis and Miles 1979-1983; Young 1984), palaeoniscoids (Gardiner 1973, 1984; Gardiner and Bartram 1977) or dipnoans (Miles 1977; Campbell and Barwick 1982a, 1982b, 1983, 1984a). This paper describes the only osteolepiform from the fauna (Gardiner and Miles 1975), a small snout with associated braincase, ANU 21885, housed in the Geology Department, Australian National University. The specimen, collected by the Australian National University on the 1967 Gogo Expedition, was prepared by Dr S.M. Andrews (Royal Scottish Museum) and later returned to the ANU. Onychodus is the only other crossopterygian in the fauna. In its proportions and palatal structure the new specimen provides some additional new points of the anatomy of osteolepiforms. Few Devonian crossopte rygians are known from Australia, and so the specimen is significant in having resemblances to typical Northern Hemisphere species. -
Tartu, 26.-27. September 2003 Elga Mark-Kurik Ja Jйri Nemliher Tallinna
Eesti geoloogia uue sajandi kiinnisel 38 Tartu, 26.-27. september 2003 VEEL KORD КESK-DEVONI АВА V А КIНТIDEST Elga Mark-Kurik ja Jйri Nemliher Tallinna Tehnikatilikooli Geoloogia Instituut, Estonia pst. 7, 10143 Tallinn ([email protected]; [email protected]) Abava kihid on kauaaegse asendi tottu Kesk- ja Ulem-Devoni piiril pohjustanud rohkem vaidlusi kui mбni teine stratigraafiline tiksus Baltikumi Нibiloigetes. Selle asendiga seoses on neid kihte kasitletud kord iseseisva tiksusena (Liepins 1960, Mark-Kurik 1991), marksa sagedamini aga lasuva, Gauja lademe osana (Kurss et al. 1981, Mark-Kurik 1981) vбi lamava, Burtnieki lademe osana (Kleesment 1995, Kleesment & Mark-Kurik 1997, Vingisaar 1997). Abava kihtide kui Uksuse liitmist selle vбi teise kбrgemat jarku Uksusega on pбhjustanud antud Uksuse piiride, eriti Ulemise piiri ebamaarasus ning halb jalgitavus geoloogilisel kaш·distamisel (Kurik et al. 1989). Viimatimainitud asjaolu tottu loobus Kurss hiljem ( 1992) Abava kui iseseisva stratigraafilise tiksuse kasutamisest. Siiski ei saa mainimata jatta Abava kihtidele spetsiifilist kalafaunat, samuti selle tiksikelementide.laia levikut Ida Euroopa platvormil ning naaberaladel ja kaugemalgi ning nimetatud kihtide tllhtsust regioonidevahelise korrelatsiooni aspektist (Mark-Kurik 1991, Ahlberg et al. 1999, Mark-Kurik et al. 1999). Eestis kuuluvad Abava kihid Givet' ladejargu Burtnieki lademesse, moodustades selle kolmanda ehk Ulemise kihikompleksi. Кihtide paksus on 15,1-32 m. Need koosnevad heledavarvilisest peeneteralisest pбimjaskihilisest liivakivist, ka peeneteralisest hallist, rohekas- voi lillakashallist aleuroliidist. Aleuroliiti on antud Uksuses enam kui 25 %. Samuti esineb selles halli voi punakaspruuni savi. Kagu-Eesti puurstidamikes on Abava tasemelt leitud dolokivi ning domeriiti. Mineraloogiliselt on meie Vбhandu jбе aarsed paljandid ning Latis paiknev Lejeji paljand sarnased (Kleesment 1995). Eelpool mainitud paljand (stratottiiip) asub Kuramaal Venta jбgikonnas Abava jбе vasakul kaldal (suudmest 4 km Ulesvoolu) Lejeji talu vastas. -
Spiracular Air Breathing in Polypterid Fishes and Its Implications for Aerial
ARTICLE Received 1 May 2013 | Accepted 27 Nov 2013 | Published 23 Jan 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4022 Spiracular air breathing in polypterid fishes and its implications for aerial respiration in stem tetrapods Jeffrey B. Graham1, Nicholas C. Wegner1,2, Lauren A. Miller1, Corey J. Jew1, N Chin Lai1,3, Rachel M. Berquist4, Lawrence R. Frank4 & John A. Long5,6 The polypterids (bichirs and ropefish) are extant basal actinopterygian (ray-finned) fishes that breathe air and share similarities with extant lobe-finned sarcopterygians (lungfishes and tetrapods) in lung structure. They are also similar to some fossil sarcopterygians, including stem tetrapods, in having large paired openings (spiracles) on top of their head. The role of spiracles in polypterid respiration has been unclear, with early reports suggesting that polypterids could inhale air through the spiracles, while later reports have largely dismissed such observations. Here we resolve the 100-year-old mystery by presenting structural, behavioural, video, kinematic and pressure data that show spiracle-mediated aspiration accounts for up to 93% of all air breaths in four species of Polypterus. Similarity in the size and position of polypterid spiracles with those of some stem tetrapods suggests that spiracular air breathing may have been an important respiratory strategy during the fish-tetrapod transition from water to land. 1 Marine Biology Research Division, Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. 2 Fisheries Resource Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 3 VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA. -
Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited
Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria -
A Depositional Model for Spherulitic Carbonates Associated with Alkaline
*Revised Manuscript (clean copy) © 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ A depositional model for spherulitic carbonates associated with 1 2 3 4 alkaline, volcanic lakes 5 6 7 8 1* 2 1 3,4 9 Ramon Mercedes-Martín , Alexander T. Brasier , Mike Rogerson , John J.G. Reijmer , Hubert 10 11 5 1 12 Vonhof and Martyn Pedley 13 14 15 16 1. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, HU6 7RX, Hull, UK. (* Email: 17 18 [email protected]). 19 20 2. School of Geosciences, Meston Building, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. AB24 3UE. 21 22 3. Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, 23 24 The Netherlands. 25 26 4. College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 27 28 Dhahran 31261, Saudi-Arabia 29 30 5. Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Hahn-Meitnerweg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany. 31 32 33 34 35 ABSTRACT 36 37 The South Atlantic Aptian ‘Pre-salt’ reservoirs are formed by a combination of spherulitic 38 39 40 carbonates and Mg-rich clays accumulated in volcanic alkaline lake settings with exotic 41 42 chemistries. So far, outcrop analogues characterised by metre-thick successions deposited in 43 44 45 lacustrine scenarios are elusive so disentangling the genesis of spherulitic carbonates 46 47 represents a major scientific challenge with business impact. In particular the controls on 48 49 50 spatial distribution and the environment of spherulitic facies formation remain poorly 51 52 constrained, little studied, and hotly debated. -
Center for Systematic Biology & Evolution
CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY & EVOLUTION 2008 ACTIVITY REPORT BY THE NUMBERS Research Visitors ....................... 253 Student Visitors.......................... 230 Other Visitors.......................... 1,596 TOTAL....................... 2,079 Outgoing Loans.......................... 535 Specimens/Lots Loaned........... 6,851 Information Requests .............. 1,294 FIELD WORK Botany - Uruguay Diatoms – Russia (Commander Islands, Kamchatka, Magdan) Entomology – Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Lesotho, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mongolia, Namibia, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Africa, Tennessee LMSE – Zambia Ornithology – Alaska, England Vertebrate Paleontology – Canada (Nunavut Territory), Pennsylvania PROPOSALS BOTANY . Digitization of Latin American, African and other type specimens of plants at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Global Plants Initiative (GPI), Mellon Foundation Award. DIATOMS . Algal Research and Ecologival Synthesis for the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Cooperative Agreement 3. Co-PI with Don Charles (Patrick Center for Environmental Research, Phycology). Collaborative Research on Ecosystem Monitoring in the Russian Northern Far-East, Trust for Mutual Understanding Grant. CSBE Activity Report - 2008 . Diatoms of the Northcentral Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Wild Rescue Conservation Grant. Renovation and Computerization of the Diatom Herbarium at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, National -
Phylogeny of Basal Tetrapoda
Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 Phylogeny of Basal Tetrapoda The group of bony fishes that gave rise to land-dwelling vertebrates and their descendants (Tetrapoda, or colloquially, “tetrapods”) was the lobe-finned fishes, or Sarcopterygii. Sarcoptrygii includes coelacanths (which retain one living form, Latimeria), lungfish, and crossopterygians. The transition from sarcopterygian fishes to stem tetrapods proceeded through a series of groups – not all of which are included here. There was no sharp and distinct transition, rather it was a continuum from very tetrapod-like fishes to very fish-like tetrapods. SARCOPTERYGII – THE LOBE-FINNED FISHES Includes •Actinista (including Coelacanths) •Dipnoi (lungfishes) •Crossopterygii Crossopterygians include “tetrapods” – 4- legged land-dwelling vertebrates. The Actinista date back to the Devonian. They have very well developed lobed-fins. There remains one livnig representative of the group, the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. A lungfish The Crossopterygii include numerous representatives, the best known of which include Eusthenopteron (pictured here) and Panderichthyes. Panderichthyids were the most tetrapod-like of the sarcopterygian fishes. Panderichthyes – note the lack of dorsal fine, but retention of tail fin. Coelacanths Lungfish Rhizodontids Eusthenopteron Panderichthyes Tiktaalik Ventastega Acanthostega Ichthyostega Tulerpeton Whatcheeria Pederpes More advanced amphibians Tiktaalik roseae – a lobe-finned fish intermediate between typical sarcopterygians and basal tetrapods. Mid to Late Devonian; 375 million years old. The back end of Tiktaalik’s skull is intermediate between fishes and tetrapods. Tiktaalik is a fish with wrist bones, yet still retaining fin rays. The posture of Tiktaalik’s fin/limb is intermediate between that of fishes an tetrapods. Coelacanths Lungfish Rhizodontids Eusthenopteron Panderichthyes Tiktaalik Ventastega Acanthostega Ichthyostega Tulerpeton Whatcheeria Pederpes More advanced amphibians Reconstructions of the basal tetrapod Ventastega.