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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution And Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution and Development of Fishes Edited by Zerina Johanson , Charlie Underwood , Martha Richter Index More Information Index abaxial muscle,33 Alizarin red, 110 arandaspids, 5, 61–62 abdominal muscles, 212 Alizarin red S whole mount staining, 127 Arandaspis, 5, 61, 69, 147 ability to repair fractures, 129 Allenypterus, 253 arcocentra, 192 Acanthodes, 14, 79, 83, 89–90, 104, 105–107, allometric growth, 129 Arctic char, 130 123, 152, 152, 156, 213, 221, 226 alveolar bone, 134 arcualia, 4, 49, 115, 146, 191, 206 Acanthodians, 3, 7, 13–15, 18, 23, 29, 63–65, Alx, 36, 47 areolar calcification, 114 68–69, 75, 79, 82, 84, 87–89, 91, 99, 102, Amdeh Formation, 61 areolar cartilage, 192 104–106, 114, 123, 148–149, 152–153, ameloblasts, 134 areolar mineralisation, 113 156, 160, 189, 192, 195, 198–199, 207, Amia, 154, 185, 190, 193, 258 Areyongalepis,7,64–65 213, 217–218, 220 ammocoete, 30, 40, 51, 56–57, 176, 206, 208, Argentina, 60–61, 67 Acanthodiformes, 14, 68 218 armoured agnathans, 150 Acanthodii, 152 amphiaspids, 5, 27 Arthrodira, 12, 24, 26, 28, 74, 82–84, 86, 194, Acanthomorpha, 20 amphibians, 1, 20, 150, 172, 180–182, 245, 248, 209, 222 Acanthostega, 22, 155–156, 255–258, 260 255–256 arthrodires, 7, 11–13, 22, 28, 71–72, 74–75, Acanthothoraci, 24, 74, 83 amphioxus, 49, 54–55, 124, 145, 155, 157, 159, 80–84, 152, 192, 207, 209, 212–213, 215, Acanthothoracida, 11 206, 224, 243–244, 249–250 219–220 acanthothoracids, 7, 12, 74, 81–82, 211, 215, Amphioxus, 120 Ascl,36 219 Amphystylic, 148 Asiaceratodus,21 Acellular Bone, 130 Anablepidae, 203, 214 aspidin, 3 Achoania,20 Anableps, 200 Aspidorhynchiformes, 19 Acipenser, 154 Anal fin, 12, 103, 105, 107, 191, 194–195, 201, aspiration pump, 255 Acraniate Chordates, 145 205, 207–211, 214, 217–218, 220, Astatoreochromis alluaudi, 130 Acrodus, 16, 102 224–225 Asteracanthus,16 Actinistia, 3, 20, 210, 259–260 Anaspida, 5 Asterodermus,16 actinistians, 78–79, 194–195, 254, 260 anaspids, 150 Asterolepis,12 actinolepidoids, 12 anaulacorhize, 103 Astraspida, 5 actinopterygian skull anatomy, 145 Andreolepis, 17, 23, 67–68, 77, 83 Astraspis, 5, 24, 60–62, 68–69 actinopterygians, 3, 17–20, 24, 27, 75, 97, 118, Androgen, 217, 224 atavisms, 126 148, 153–155, 177–178, 182, 188–193, Androgen Receptor, 217 Ateleaspis, 6, 27, 49, 55 195–197, 199, 201–203, 207, 210, Androgen Response Element, 217 Atlantic salmon, 128 213–214, 218, 220–221, 245, 247–248, angelfish, 19 Atoh, 31, 46 252–253, 255–258 angular, 77, 155 atubular dentine, 134 Actinopterygii, 3, 22, 25–26, 28–29, 139, anosteocytic, 129 Australia, vi–vii, 1, 3, 5–8, 10–29, 60–61, 64, 152–154, 157, 171–172, 177, 182, 185, 201 antarctaspidids, 12 69–70, 82–85, 107, 109, 157–158, adameloid, 134 anterior oblique et rectus Muscle,37 203–204, 209–210, 221, 223, 225, adductor mandibulae muscle, 173, 175, 177–182 Antiarchi, 11, 83–85, 211, 225, 261 259–261 adductores branchiales, 173, 176–178 antiarchs, 8, 11, 71–72, 74–75, 81, 83, 85–86, Austrophyllolepis, 13, 73, 212 adenohypophyseal Placode,47 152, 199, 207–208, 211, 214, 219, 222 Austroptyctodus, 12, 209 adenohypophysis, 47, 52, 57 antibodies, 121 autapomorphic, 105 adipose tissue, 126 anurans, 97 Autostylic, 148 admedian spine, 89 Anzaldo Formation, 61, 63 Axelrodichthys, 253 Adololopas,21 AP,36 axial skeleton, 2, 6, 48, 114, 116, 124, 128, Aethaspis,13 Apedolepis,7 133, 138, 142, 145, 188–190, 192–194, Aethenaegis,5 Apical Ectodermal Ridge, 216 202, 204, 206, 239, 257, 259 Aggrecan, 137 apoptosis, 122, 135–136, 217–218 axolotl, 146 agnathan vellum, 151 apopyle Clasper, 213 agnathans, 160, 173 appendicular skeleton, 1–2, 112, 118, 188–189, Bapx, 36, 47, 120 air-breathing, 252, 256, 258 213 Barwickia, 210, 256–258 Akmonistion, 89, 102 Arandaspida, 5 Barx, 36, 47 Alcian blue, 110 arandaspidids, 150 basibranchial copula, 103 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution and Development of Fishes Edited by Zerina Johanson , Charlie Underwood , Martha Richter Index More Information 264 Index basibranchial skeleton, 88 buccal pump, 13, 21, 24, 252, 255–259 cement, 134 basicranial carotid-aortic circuit, 100 buccohypophyseal opening, 74–75, cementoblasts, 135 basicranium, 97, 103, 105 80–81, 95 central nervous system, 31, 145 basihyal, 104 buccohypophysial canal. Parasphenoid,74 Centropristes,77 basioccipital fovea, 101 buccohypophysial opening, 74 cephalaspidomorphs, 150 basipharyngeal joint, 131 Buchanosteus, 13, 29 Cephalaspis,7 basipterygium, 100, 104, 201, 212–213 Bukkanodus,20 cephalochordate, 120, 145 basipterygoid, 96 Burgess Shale, 4, 146, 150 Cephaloscyllium ventriosum, 114 batoids, 97, 100, 114 Bythitidae, 214, 224 ceratobranchial, 98, 155 Batomorphii, 16 Ceratodontidae, 21 Bayesian tip-dating, 7 Cad IA,36 Ceratodus,21 Belemnobatis,16 Cad IIA,36 ceratohyal, 98 Belén Formation, 90, 93 calcification in Chondrichthyes, 118 cervical spinal nerves, 176 BGN/DCN,31 calcium phosphate, 152 cestracionts, 101 bichirs, 17 calcium phosphate deposition, 128 channelling adaptive radiation, 129 Big Five extinctions, 59 calcium storage, 128 Charles Doolittle Walcott, 60 birds, 1, 20, 181, 217 calcium-phosphate, 113 Charles Lapworth, 60 Birgeria, 210 Callorhinchus, 100 Cheirolepis,17–18, 22, 25, 27, 190, 193, 195, Black River Group, 61 Callorhinchus milii, 115, 120 201, 255 blastocoel, 42, 44 Cambrian, 145–146, 155 Chengjiang fauna, 4 blastopore, 42–44, 56 Cambrian Explosion, 59 chicken, 115 blastula, 41, 44 Campbellodus, 12, 73, 84, 211–212 Chiloscyllium, 169, 217 Bmp, 120 Campbellton Formation, 88 Chimaera, 149 Bobasitrania,19 Camuropiscis, 212 chimaeras, 13, 87, 99, 104 Bolivia, 5, 60–61, 63, 68, 84, 88, 90, 92–93, Canada, vi, 4–6, 11, 14–15, 20, 22, 24, 27–28, chimaerid, 16 95–98, 107–108, 223 48, 53, 60, 63, 65, 68–69, 83, 88, 106–109, chimaeriform, 16 bone, bony armour, 3, 5–8, 11–13, 15, 17, 20, 124, 137, 201, 203, 210, 221, 223–224, chimaeroids, 60, 75, 79, 81, 88, 90, 97, 22, 28, 61–63, 66, 72, 74, 77, 80, 98, 250, 255, 257 100–103, 109, 113–115, 119–120, 104–105, 110, 112–114, 116, 124–131, Canyonlepis,64–65 152–153 133–144, 147, 149–150, 152–154, 173, cap-stage, 162 China, vii, 1, 3–8, 10–14, 17, 19–29, 56, 67, 188–192, 199, 202, 204–208, 210–212, Carangidae, 132 69–70, 79, 82–86, 144–145, 151, 153, 214, 219–220, 225, 228, 234, 236–237, Caranx caninus, 132 156–157, 159, 206, 211, 214, 225–226 239–240, 247, 255 Carboniferous, 3, 14–15, 17, 19–22, 24–27, 66, Chirodipterus, 21, 77, 210, 224 Boreaspis,6 100, 106–107, 109, 150, 157, 194–195, chismopnés, 99 Bothriolepis, 12, 22, 25, 72–73, 81, 83, 85, 205, 210, 214, 222, 224, 253–254, 257, Chlamydoselachus, 176 209, 211, 220–222, 224, 226, 253, 260–261 choana, 21 259–262 Carchariniformes, 110 Chondrenchelys, 100 Brachydegma,19 Carcharocles, 16, 27 chondrichthyan crown, 99 brachythoracids, 12–13, 74 Carcharodon, 16, 24, 165, 170 chondrichthyans, 1, 3, 7, 11, 13–16, 64–65, brain regionalization, 30, 40, 46, 50, 145 Cardabiodon,16 67–68, 75, 79, 82, 87, 89–90, 97–99, 101, braincase branchial arches, 7–8, 12–13, 15–16, Cardiac, Mesoderm,37 103–105, 108, 110, 113–116, 119–122, 18, 21–24, 47, 54, 69, 72, 74–75, 81–82, Carmichael Sandstone, 61 124, 146–150, 152–153, 167, 169, 85, 88, 90, 92, 94–95, 97–98, 102, cartilage, 3, 6–8, 16, 47–48, 50–51, 55, 62, 75, 172–173, 176–177, 181, 188–189, 104–106, 108–109, 121, 123, 144–147, 77, 79, 89–92, 95–100, 104–105, 107, 191–192, 194–199, 201, 204, 207–208, 150–153, 155–156, 176, 178, 181, 210, 110–128, 130–131, 134–140, 144, 210, 213–215, 217–220, 224, 245, 248, 215, 221, 223, 245, 248, 257 146–149, 152–153, 156, 158, 168, 173, 255 branchial basket, 150 188–192, 194–195, 202–206, 216, 228, Chondrichthyes, 7, 13, 22, 25, 27, 29, 64–65, branchial muscles, 172–173 230–234, 236–237, 239–240, 244, 67–68, 83, 85, 87–88, 100, 104, 106–110, branchial openings, 61, 145 249–250 114, 118, 120–125, 144, 147, 149, branchial pouch, 30 cartilaginous anlagen, 127 152–153, 158–160, 171–173, 184–187, branchiomeric muscles, 172, 182, 184, 186 cartilaginous kinethmoid, 131 203–204, 206, 208, 214, 220–221, branchiostegal ray, 77, 80 Cassidiceps,64 223–224, 249, 251 Branchiostoma, 144 catshark, 110, 116, 169 chondrification, 35–36, 40, 96, 193 Brindabellaspis,7,11–12, 199 caudal et ventral rectus, 35 chondroblasts, 112 Britain, 5–6, 29, 159 caudal mesoderm, 32 chondrocrania, 146 Brn- B,36 Cavenderichthys, 19, 22 chondrocranium, 30, 40, 42, 48–50, 55, 112, Brochoadmones, 64, 68 cell labeling, 30, 50 144, 146–148, 152–153, 194 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution and Development of Fishes Edited by Zerina Johanson , Charlie Underwood , Martha Richter Index More Information Index 265 chondrocytes, 31, 35, 112–113, 115–116, core gene set, 162 dentary, 8, 17, 21, 77–81, 136, 139, 149, 118–123, 125, 134–138, 189, 240 coronoid, 77–78 152–153, 155, 173 chondrogenesis, 131, 134 Corvaspis,5 denticles, 11, 15, 21, 71, 74–75, 81–82, 84, 89, chondroid bone, 126, 136 cosmine, 17, 20–21, 195, 205 100, 102–103, 146, 160–161, 169–170, chordacentra, 191–192 cotylus, 97 201, 213 chordocytes, 134 co-variation of non-plastic traits, 129 dentine, 3, 5–7, 13, 20–21, 61–63, 66, 79, 96, chordoid, 134 Cowralepis, 13, 23, 28, 73–74, 82–84, 184, 209, 99, 126, 128, 134–135, 160, 188–190 cichlid fishes, 129 225 depressor hyomandibulae, 174 cichlid pharyngeal jaws, 136 cranial ganglia, 35, 38 dermal armour, 128 Cladarosymblema,22 cranial nerves, 7, 11, 42, 51, 53–54,
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