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Université Du Québec UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC PRÉCISIONS SUR L'ANATOMIE DE L'OSTÉOLÉPIFORME EUSTHENOPTERON FOORDI DU DÉVONIEN SUPÉRIEUR DE MIGUASHA, QUÉBEC MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ À L'UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI Comme exigence partielle du programme de Maîtrise en Gestion de la Faune et de ses Habitats PAR JOËL LEBLANC Août 2005 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI Service de la bibliothèque Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire « Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un rapport, un mémoire ou une thèse ». En signant ce formulaire, l’auteur concède à l’Université du Québec à Rimouski une licence non exclusive d’utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d’une partie importante de son travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, l’auteur autorise l’Université du Québec à Rimouski à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de son travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l’Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n’entraînent pas une renonciation de la part de l’auteur à ses droits moraux ni à ses droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, l’auteur conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont il possède un exemplaire. 11 TABLE DES MATIÈRES TABLE DES MATIÈRES .... ..... ............................. .. ...... .. .... .. .... ........... ... ............................. .ii LISTE DES TABLEAUX .. ............. ... .. .. .. ..... ... .. ......... ............. ... ............................................ v LISTE DES FIGURES .. .. .. ........................................ .. ................... .. .............................. ... ... ..vi INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE ........ .. ..... ... ................ .. ............. ...... .......... .. ... ............. ........ xi RÉFÉRENCES ......................................................... ........... ......... .. ............ .. ... ... ..................xiv REMERCIEMENTS .................... .................. ..................... ......... .. .... ... .......... ... ..................xvi CHAPITRE 1 NEW DATA AND NEW METHODS ON AN OLD PROBLEM: THE CHOANA REVISITED ............ ..... ... .. ............ .. .. .. ....................................... ...... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ......... ... .. ...... 1 ABSTRACT .. ..................... ... ......... ........... .. ............................ .. ... ........................................... 2 RÉsuMÉ .. .... ....... ... ...... .... ......... .... ....... .. ................. ..... .............................. ......................... .. .. 3 INTRODUCTION ..... .. ................................. ... .. .. .. ................................................................. 5 MATE RIAL AND METHODS ........................... ......................... .......................................... 8 RESULTS ...................... ...... .. ................ .... .............. .... .. ....................................................... 9 Phylogenetic analyses ............................................................ ............. ....... ..... .......... 13 DISCUSSION ............................ .. ... .. .. ... ..... ... ... ......................... .......................... ..... .. .......... 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................... ...... ... ............... ........................................... 18 REFERENCES .... .... ... ... ....... .. ........................... .......... .............................. .. .. ................. ....... 19 Tables ........ .... .. ... ..... ............ ........................... ... ... .......... ... ..... ... .. ..... ... ............................... .. 23 Figures ........................................... ..... .............. ............... ........ ..................... .. .. .. .. ... ... ......... 25 III CHAPITRE 2 DEVELOPMENTAL MODULARITY AND SALTATORY ONTOGENY IN THE LATE DEVONIAN OSTEOLEPIFORM EUSTHENOPTERON FOORDI. ................ 32 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... 33 RÉSUMÉ .............................................................. .... ............................................. ......... .. ..... 34 INTRODUCTION ..................... .. ................................................................................ ...... ....36 MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................. ....... .... 39 Specimens .............................. .. ......... .. ..... ... .. ... ............................................ .......... .. .. 3 9 Sequence ofossification ............................................................................................ 39 Measurements .............................. ............................................................................. 41 Bane terminology ....... ..................... .. .... .. ... ... ........................................... .. ......... .... .. 41 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 42 Skull ... ... .. .................. ... .. ............................ ............. .......... ... .... ......................... ..... .... 43 Sequences ofossification ofthe fins ...... .. .. ............................................................... .44 Pectoral fins ....... ....................... ................................. .... .......... ...... ...............45 Pelvic fins ........ .. ............................................................................................ 45 First dorsal fin ................. ...................................................................... ........ 45 Second dorsal fin .. .. .... .... .. ............................................................................. 46 Analfin ...... ............................................ ..... ..... .. .......... .. ............. ............... .... 46 Vertebral column and caudal fin .. ............................................................. ... .47 Disparity and reliability ofthe sequence ................................................................. .49 Relative arder ofossification ofth e fins .................... ............................................... 52 IV Basal seules ............................................................... ... ......... .............. ...................... 53 Lepidotriehia ................................ .... .... .... .... ............................ .. .... ..... .. .................... 54 Ontogenelie palhway ................ ........................... ............. ..... ............ ....... ... .. ... ........ 55 DISCUSSION ............................. .... ...................................................................................... 57 CONCLUSION .. ......... ... ......... .... .. ............................................................................ ........... 61 . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................. ... ... ................................. 62 REFERENCES .. ... ...... .... .. ....... ......................... ............................. ............. .. ........ ..... ......... .. 63 Tables ..... ..... .... .. ... ...... .. .. ... ... ............... ................... .................. ... ..... .............. ...................... 68 Figures ........... .. .............. ................................. ... ....... .. .. .. ... .. ........ ..... ... ................................ 70 CONCLUSION GÉNÉRALE .. ............................ ..................... ...... .. ... ........... .. ................. .. 85 v LISTE DES TABLEAUX Chapitre 1 Table 1. Relative dimensions of nasal capsule related structures among three specimens of Eusthenopteron foordi. AU measurements are given in percentage; naris height: proportion of snout height (lateral view); naris depth: proportion of snout width (scan view); nasal capsule width: proportion of snout width; passage depth: proportion of snout height; choana width: proportion of snout width . ...... .. .... ...... ... .... ....... ..................... .. ... ... ........................... 19 Table 2. Results ofphylogenetic analyses using PAUP*4.0bl0 on four previously published matrices .................... .. .............. ... ... ... .. .. ...... ................ .... .. .. ... ............................. 20 Chapitre 2 Table 1. Major axis and 95% confidence interval for the slope for six fin position in relation to the standard length of Eusthenopteronfoordi (x = 10g lO converted data, y = 10glO converted standard length). These equations correspond to the scatter plots of figure 3 ... 56 Table 2. Ossification sequence reliability for each appendicular skeleton structure for 56 Eusthenopteron f oordi. See explanations in the text for the definition and interpretation of the parameters . .. .. .... .............. ........................ ........ ........ ...... .......................... ... ... ... ....... .. ..... 57 VI LISTE DES FIGURES Chapitre 1 Figure 1. Cross section in the nasal capsule region of Eusthenopteronfoordi. A. Specimen MHNM 06-1001A (scan 8/3 6); B. Specimen MHNM 06-1045 (scan 8/16); C. Specimen RM 14234 (scan 102/110). Left column: Computed Tomography. Right column: Interpretation of the CT scan; black = bone, dark grey
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