Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha)
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JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS
Neoceti Symposium, Saturday 8:45 acid-prepared osteolepiforms Medoevia and Gogonasus has offered strong support for BODY SIZE AND CRYPTIC TROPHIC SEPARATION OF GENERALIZED Jarvik’s interpretation, but Eusthenopteron itself has not been reexamined in detail. PIERCE-FEEDING CETACEANS: THE ROLE OF FEEDING DIVERSITY DUR- Uncertainty has persisted about the relationship between the large endoskeletal “fenestra ING THE RISE OF THE NEOCETI endochoanalis” and the apparently much smaller choana, and about the occlusion of upper ADAM, Peter, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; JETT, Kristin, Univ. of and lower jaw fangs relative to the choana. California, Davis, Davis, CA; OLSON, Joshua, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los A CT scan investigation of a large skull of Eusthenopteron, carried out in collaboration Angeles, CA with University of Texas and Parc de Miguasha, offers an opportunity to image and digital- Marine mammals with homodont dentition and relatively little specialization of the feeding ly “dissect” a complete three-dimensional snout region. We find that a choana is indeed apparatus are often categorized as generalist eaters of squid and fish. However, analyses of present, somewhat narrower but otherwise similar to that described by Jarvik. It does not many modern ecosystems reveal the importance of body size in determining trophic parti- receive the anterior coronoid fang, which bites mesial to the edge of the dermopalatine and tioning and diversity among predators. We established relationships between body sizes of is received by a pit in that bone. The fenestra endochoanalis is partly floored by the vomer extant cetaceans and their prey in order to infer prey size and potential trophic separation of and the dermopalatine, restricting the choana to the lateral part of the fenestra. -
This Content Downloaded from 157.193.10.229 on Tue, 07 Jul
This content downloaded from 157.193.10.229 on Tue, 07 Jul 2015 14:17:10 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions CLEMENT and BOISVERT-DEVONIAN LUNGFISH FROM BELGIUM 277 tra. In addition to his incorrect taxonomic attribution, Lohest idae Berg, 1940 (including Fleurantia and Jarvikia); and Rhyn- misinterpreted the operculum as a scapula, the cleithrum as a chodipteridae Moy-Thomas, 1939 (including Rhynchodipterus, coracoid, and the E bone as an isolated rib (Fig. 2A, B). How- Griphognathus, and Soederberghia). Schultze (1993) defined the ever, he accurately identified a pleural rib (Fig. 2A, B). Rhynchodipteridae as including at least Soederberghia, Jarvikia, and Fleurantia. Later, Schultze (2001) presented a cladogram of SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Devonian dipnoans that included a radiation of denticulated forms: Barwickia [Fleurantia + Rhynchodipteridae], in which included SARCOPTERYGII Romer, 1955 Rhynchodipteridae Griphognathus [Rhynchodipterus + The and affinities of the DIPNOMORPHA Ahlberg, 1991 [Soederberghia Jarvikia]]. monophyly DIPNOI 1845 Rhynchodipteridae have been reviewed by Ahlberg et al. (2001), Muiller, who that be unrelated RHYNCHODIPTERIDAE Moy-Thomas, 1939 tentatively suggested Griphognathus may to Rhynchodipterus and Soederberghia, but regarded Rhyncho- Remarks-Campbell and Barwick (1990) proposed that the dipterus and Soederberghia as most closely related to each other. denticulated lungfish lineage should be recognized as suborder However, Friedman (2003b) considered this suggestion prema- Uranolophina which incorporates four families: Uranolophidae ture and suggested that the Rhynchodipteridae, if defined as Miles, 1977; Holodontidae Gorizdro-Kulczycka, 1950; Fleuranti- including only Soederberghia, Rhynchodipterus, and Griphogna- FIGURE 2. Soederberghiasp. indet. Modave, Liege Province, Belgium, upper Famennian,Upper Devonian. Liege University, paleontology collection no. 5390a,b. A, no. -
Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) Apex Predator from the Eifelian-Aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences A large onychodontiform (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) apex predator from the Eifelian-aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada. Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2016-0119.R3 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 04-Dec-2016 Complete List of Authors: Mann, Arjan; Carleton University, Earth Sciences; University of Toronto Faculty of ArtsDraft and Science, Earth Sciences Rudkin, David; Royal Ontario Museum Evans, David C.; Royal Ontario Museum, Natural History; University of Toronto, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Laflamme, Marc; University of Toronto - Mississauga, Chemical and Physical Sciences Keyword: Sarcopterygii, Onychodontiformes, Body size, Middle Devonian, Eifelian https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Page 1 of 34 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences A large onychodontiform (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) apex predator from the Eifelian- aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada. Arjan Mann 1,2*, David Rudkin 1,2 , David C. Evans 2,3 , and Marc Laflamme 1 1, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada, [email protected], [email protected] 2, Department of Palaeobiology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6 3, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2 *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected] ca). https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 34 Abstract The Devonian marine strata of southwestern Ontario, Canada have been well documented geologically, but their vertebrate fossils are poorly studied. Here we report a new onychodontiform (Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii) Onychodus eriensis n. -
On the Pelvic Girdle and Pin of Eusthenopteron. by Edwin S
PELVIC GIRDLE AND D'lN . OF EUSTHKNOPfERON. 311 On the Pelvic Girdle and Pin of Eusthenopteron. By Edwin S. Goodrich, M.A., Fellow of Mertoa College, Oxford. With Plate 16. 1 THROUGH the kindness of Mr. A. Smith Woodward, I have recently had the opportunity of looking through the fossil fish acquired by the British Museum since the Cata- logue was published. Amongst these was found a specimen of Eusthenopteron foordi, Whit., showing the endo- skeleton of the pelvic girdle and fin, of which I here give a description. The interest attaching to this fossil is con- siderable, since, of all the numerous extinct fish usually included in the group " Crossopterygii," it is the first and only one in which the parts of the skeleton of the pelvic girdle and its fin have been found complete and in their natural relations.2 The specimen (P. 6794) of which both the slab and the counterslab have been preserved, comes from the Upper Devonian of Canada. In it can be made out the skeleton of the pelvic girdle and fin of the right side, in a fairly com- plete and well-preserved condition, as represented in PI. 16, fig. 1, natural size. 1 To Mr. Smith Woodward I am also indebted for constant help when working in his Department. a The skeleton of the pelvic fin of Megalichthys has to some extent been made known by Cope, Miall, and Wellburn (2, 5, and 9), and the essential structure of that of Eusthenopteron has been briefly described by Traquair (7). VOL. 45, FART 2.—NEW SKKIES. -
Ontogenetic Evidence for the Paleozoic Ancestry of Salamanders
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 5:3, 314–324 (2003) Ontogenetic evidence for the Paleozoic ancestry of salamanders Rainer R. Schocha and Robert L. Carrollb aStaatlilches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany bRedpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2K6 Authors for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]) SUMMARY The phylogenetic positions of frogs, sala- tire developmental sequence from hatching to metamor- manders, and caecilians have been difficult to establish. phosis is revealed in an assemblage of over 600 Data matrices based primarily on Paleozoic taxa support a specimens from a single locality, all belonging to the genus monophyletic origin of all Lissamphibia but have resulted in Apateon. Apateon forms the most speciose genus of the widely divergent hypotheses of the nature of their common neotenic temnospondyl family Branchiosauridae. The se- ancestor. Analysis that concentrates on the character quence of ossification of individual bones and the changing states of the stem taxa of the extant orders, in contrast, configuration of the skull closely parallel those observed in suggests a polyphyletic origin from divergent Paleozoic the development of primitive living salamanders. These clades. Comparison of patterns of larval development in fossils provide a model of how derived features of the sala- Paleozoic and modern amphibians provides a means to mander skull may have evolved in the context of feeding test previous phylogenies based primarily on adult charac- specializations that appeared in early larval stages of mem- teristics. This proves to be highly informative in the case of bers of the Branchiosauridae. Larvae of Apateon share the origin of salamanders. -
Université Du Québec
UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC PRÉCISIONS SUR L'ANATOMIE DE L'OSTÉOLÉPIFORME EUSTHENOPTERON FOORDI DU DÉVONIEN SUPÉRIEUR DE MIGUASHA, QUÉBEC MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ À L'UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI Comme exigence partielle du programme de Maîtrise en Gestion de la Faune et de ses Habitats PAR JOËL LEBLANC Août 2005 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI Service de la bibliothèque Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire « Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un rapport, un mémoire ou une thèse ». En signant ce formulaire, l’auteur concède à l’Université du Québec à Rimouski une licence non exclusive d’utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d’une partie importante de son travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, l’auteur autorise l’Université du Québec à Rimouski à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de son travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l’Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n’entraînent pas une renonciation de la part de l’auteur à ses droits moraux ni à ses droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, l’auteur conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont il possède un exemplaire. 11 TABLE DES MATIÈRES TABLE DES MATIÈRES .... ..... ............................. .. ...... .. .... .. .... ........... ... ............................. .ii LISTE DES TABLEAUX .. ............ -
Tetrapods, Amphibians, and Life on Land
Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Strolling through life Tetrapods, amphibians, and life on land Tetrapods - the clade of four- limbed terrestrial vertebrates Living tetrapod groups: * amphibians * mammals (including humans) * lizards and snakes * crocodilians * birds Eurypos , early Permian temnospondyl (painting by Douglas Henderson, 1990) Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygia) Living coelacanth Fossil sarcopterygians Late Cretaceous (ca. 65 mya) Carboniferous (ca. 300 mya) Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Comparison of pectoral fins Actinopterygian Sarcopterygian (ray finned) (lobe finned) Scapulocoracoid Humerus Ulna Radius Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Coelacanth pectoral fins Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Ancestral characteristics of living tetrapods • Pelvic and pectoral girdles • Forelimb with humerus, radius, and ulna bones • Hindlimb with femur, tibia, and fibula bones • five digits on the feet • sprawling posture • undulating locomotion • skull with no fenestra Department of Geological Sciences | Indiana University Dinosaurs and their relatives (c) 2015, P. David Polly Geology G114 Tetrapoda: vertebrates more closely related to living Phylogeny of Bony Fish amphibians and amniotes than to their nearest living relatives Fossil taxa coelocanths and Fish-like amphibian-like lung fish Tetrapods Tetrapods Actinopterygia Coelocanths Dipnoans (lungfish) Osteolepis Eusthenopteron Pandericthyes Acanthostega Icthyostega tetrapods Derived Tetrapoda Sarcopterygia Osteichthyes After Coates and Ruta, 2007. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution And
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution and Development of Fishes Edited by Zerina Johanson , Charlie Underwood , Martha Richter Index More Information Index abaxial muscle,33 Alizarin red, 110 arandaspids, 5, 61–62 abdominal muscles, 212 Alizarin red S whole mount staining, 127 Arandaspis, 5, 61, 69, 147 ability to repair fractures, 129 Allenypterus, 253 arcocentra, 192 Acanthodes, 14, 79, 83, 89–90, 104, 105–107, allometric growth, 129 Arctic char, 130 123, 152, 152, 156, 213, 221, 226 alveolar bone, 134 arcualia, 4, 49, 115, 146, 191, 206 Acanthodians, 3, 7, 13–15, 18, 23, 29, 63–65, Alx, 36, 47 areolar calcification, 114 68–69, 75, 79, 82, 84, 87–89, 91, 99, 102, Amdeh Formation, 61 areolar cartilage, 192 104–106, 114, 123, 148–149, 152–153, ameloblasts, 134 areolar mineralisation, 113 156, 160, 189, 192, 195, 198–199, 207, Amia, 154, 185, 190, 193, 258 Areyongalepis,7,64–65 213, 217–218, 220 ammocoete, 30, 40, 51, 56–57, 176, 206, 208, Argentina, 60–61, 67 Acanthodiformes, 14, 68 218 armoured agnathans, 150 Acanthodii, 152 amphiaspids, 5, 27 Arthrodira, 12, 24, 26, 28, 74, 82–84, 86, 194, Acanthomorpha, 20 amphibians, 1, 20, 150, 172, 180–182, 245, 248, 209, 222 Acanthostega, 22, 155–156, 255–258, 260 255–256 arthrodires, 7, 11–13, 22, 28, 71–72, 74–75, Acanthothoraci, 24, 74, 83 amphioxus, 49, 54–55, 124, 145, 155, 157, 159, 80–84, 152, 192, 207, 209, 212–213, 215, Acanthothoracida, 11 206, 224, 243–244, 249–250 219–220 acanthothoracids, 7, 12, 74, 81–82, 211, 215, Amphioxus, 120 Ascl,36 219 Amphystylic, 148 Asiaceratodus,21 -
Identifying Heterogeneity in Rates of Morphological Evolution: Discrete Character Change in the Evolution of Lungfish (Sarcopterygii; Dipnoi)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01460.x IDENTIFYING HETEROGENEITY IN RATES OF MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION: DISCRETE CHARACTER CHANGE IN THE EVOLUTION OF LUNGFISH (SARCOPTERYGII; DIPNOI) Graeme T. Lloyd,1,2 Steve C. Wang,3 and Stephen L. Brusatte4,5 1Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081 4Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024 5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025 Received February 9, 2010 Accepted August 15, 2011 Data Archived: Dryad: doi:10.5061/dryad.pg46f Quantifying rates of morphological evolution is important in many macroevolutionary studies, and critical when assessing possible adaptive radiations and episodes of punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record. However, studies of morphological rates of change have lagged behind those on taxonomic diversification, and most authors have focused on continuous characters and quantifying patterns of morphological rates over time. Here, we provide a phylogenetic approach, using discrete characters and three statistical tests to determine points on a cladogram (branches or entire clades) that are characterized by significantly high or low rates of change. These methods include a randomization approach that identifies branches with significantly high rates and likelihood ratio tests that pinpoint either branches or clades that have significantly higher or lower rates than the pooled rate of the remainder of the tree. As a test case for these methods, we analyze a discrete character dataset of lungfish, which have long been regarded as “living fossils” due to an apparent slowdown in rates since the Devonian. -
A New Osteolepidid Fish From
Rea. West. Aust. MU8. 1985, 12(3): 361-377 ANew Osteolepidid Fish from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia J.A. Long* Abstract A new osteolepidid crossopterygian, Gogonasus andrewsi gen. et sp. nov., is des cribed from a single fronto-ethmoidal shield and associated ethmosphenoid, from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Western Australia. Gogonasus is is distinguished from other osteolepids by the shape and proportions of the fronto ethmoidal shield, absence of palatal fenestrae, well developed basipterygoid pro cesses and moderately broad parasphenoid. The family Osteolepididae is found to be paraphyletic, with Gogonasus being regarded as a plesiomorphic osteolepidid at a similar level of organisation to Thursius. Introduction Much has been published on the well-preserved Late Devonian fish fauna from the Gogo Formation, Western Australia, although to date all the papers describing fish have been on placoderms (Miles 1971; Miles and Dennis 1979; Dennis and Miles 1979-1983; Young 1984), palaeoniscoids (Gardiner 1973, 1984; Gardiner and Bartram 1977) or dipnoans (Miles 1977; Campbell and Barwick 1982a, 1982b, 1983, 1984a). This paper describes the only osteolepiform from the fauna (Gardiner and Miles 1975), a small snout with associated braincase, ANU 21885, housed in the Geology Department, Australian National University. The specimen, collected by the Australian National University on the 1967 Gogo Expedition, was prepared by Dr S.M. Andrews (Royal Scottish Museum) and later returned to the ANU. Onychodus is the only other crossopterygian in the fauna. In its proportions and palatal structure the new specimen provides some additional new points of the anatomy of osteolepiforms. Few Devonian crossopte rygians are known from Australia, and so the specimen is significant in having resemblances to typical Northern Hemisphere species. -
Lecture 6 – Integument ‐ Scale • a Scale Is a Small Rigid Plate That Grows out of an Animal’ S Skin to Provide Protection
Lecture 6 – Integument ‐ Scale • A scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal’s skin to provide protection. • Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times with varying structure and function. • Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. • There are various types of scales according to shape and to class of animal. • Although the meat and organs of some species of fish are edible by humans, the scales are usually not eaten. Scale structure • Fish scales Fish scales are dermally derived, specifically in the mesoderm. This fact distinguishes them from reptile scales paleontologically. Genetically, the same genes involved in tooth and hair development in mammals are also involved in scale development. Earliest scales – heavily armoured thought to be like Chondrichthyans • Fossil fishes • ion reservoir • osmotic control • protection • Weighting Scale function • Primary function is protection (armor plating) • Hydrodynamics Scales are composed of four basic compounds: ((gmoving from inside to outside in that order) • Lamellar bone • Vascular or spongy bone • Dentine (dermis) and is always associated with enamel. • Acellular enamel (epidermis) • The scales of fish lie in pockets in the dermis and are embeded in connective tissue. • Scales do not stick out of a fish but are covered by the Epithelial layer. • The scales overlap and so form a protective flexible armor capable of withstanding blows and bumping. • In some catfishes and seahorses, scales are replaced by bony plates. • In some other species there are no scales at all. Evolution of scales Placoid scale – (Chondricthyes – cartilagenous fishes) develop in dermis but protrude through epidermis. -
Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J.