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RAS.Journal2019 VOL 79 2019 No 1 Price 100 RMB SUPPLIED gratis TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY AVAILABLE FOR SALE TO NON-MEMBERS The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China is published by Earnshaw Books on behalf of the Royal Asiatic Society China. Vol. 79 No. 1, 2019 Editor Tracey Willard Copyright 2019 RAS China Contributions The editor of the Journal invites submission of original unpublished scholarly articles and book reviews on the religion and philosophy, art and architecture, archaeology, anthropology and environment, of China. Books sent for review will be donated to the Royal Asiatic Society China Library. Contributors will receive a copy of the Journal. Library Policy Copies and back issues of the Journal are available at the Royal Asiatic Society library. The library is available to members. www.royalasiaticsociety.org.cn Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China Vol. 79 No. 1, 2019 978-988-8552-71-9 EB 136 © 2019 Royal Asiatic Society China The copyright of each article rests with the author. Front Cover Image: Street Art in Georgetown, Malaysia, by Elizabeth Vines (copyright – photograph by author) Designed and produced for RAS China by Earnshaw Books Ltd. 17/F, Siu Ying Commercial Building, 151-155 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in material form by any means, whether graphic, electronic, mechanical or other, including photocopying or information storage, in whole or in part. May not be used to prepare other publications without written permission from the publisher. The Royal Asiatic Society China thanks Earnshaw Books for its valuable contribution and support. DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the RAS or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of RAS China. CONTENTS LETTER FROM THE EDITOR By Tracey Willard RAS CHINA COUNCIL AND REPORT 2018-2019 RAS BEIJING COUNCIL AND REPORT 2018-2019 SECTION 1: ‘MODERNISM WAS A HETEROGENEOUS EVENT’ Huang Zunxian, Qing China’s Pioneer Modernist Poet By Anne Witchard An Influence from the Souls of these Stone Saints: Early American and Japanese Discovery of an Ancient Site in North China By Dong Wang Unexplored Archival Information on Fu Sinian’s Student Life in Europe and the Propagation of Scientific History in China By Di Lu ‘We protest against this fearful Terror …’ - The China League for Civil Rights and its interactions with Germany in 1933 By Silvia Kettelhut A Wildly Improbable Bookstore By John D Van Fleet vii SECTION 2: ‘DESPITE THE UNCERTAINTIES OF SUCH A POSTING’ Footsteps in the Far East: William Burgess Pryer (1843 -1899) Part One By Judith Ann Pereira Footsteps in the Far East: William Burgess Pryer (1843 -1899) Part Two By Judith Ann Pereira The China Poetry of Margaret Mackprang Mackay, 1934 -1938 By Paul French ‘One of the most popular figures of old China days’: The story of ‘Bill’ Arthur Jack William Evans By Simon Drakeford A Glimpse into the Art Scene in Beijing in the Mid-Nineteen Eighties Observations of an art-lover during the years 1984-86 and a little bit beyond… By Christoph Waldersee SECTION 3: ‘EXPLORING OLD NEIGHBOURHOODS On Yangshupu Road By Duncan Hewitt The Conservation Challenge: The Importance of Sustainability and Good Design in Asian Heritage Cities and Towns By Elizabeth Vines SECTION 4: ‘THE ENTIRE THING SMELLS FISHY’ Miss Shanghai: The Years of Infamy By Katya Knyazeva Who Was “Bok”? By Paul French viii YOUNG SCHOLAR’S ESSAY A Study of China’s Vernacular Dwellings By Inez Low BOOK REVIEWS An Introduction to the RAS China Book Clubs By Convenors Dagmar Borchard and Peter Hagan Imperial Twilight - The Opium War and The End of China’s Last Golden Age by Stephen Platt Reviewed by Peter Hagan Remembering Shanghai - A memoir of socialites, scholars and scoundrels By Isabel Sun Chao and Claire Chao Reviewed by Duncan Hewitt AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley and the New World Order By Kai-Fu Lee Reviewed by Jim McGregor ix x LETTER FROM THE EDITOR I’m very pleased to introduce a wonderful selection of essays and articles to you in this, the 2019 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society China (JRAS China). Our contributing authors include academics from China, Europe, and Great Britain, researchers of family archives, and some old friends from the early days of the Royal Asiatic Society (RAS) China. The journal is arranged in four parts, grouping articles of similar themes, followed by the Young Scholar’s Essay, and Book Reviews. The section titles come from quotations from the articles within this edition. This year’s journal is concerned with what is sometimes called China’s modern period, that is, the last 200 years, with a focus on China’s interaction with the outside world. It is an appropriate perspective as this year marks the centenary of the May 4th Incident, when hundreds of students took to the streets to protest the unfair concessions made at the Versailles Peace Conference concerning China’s territory. This led to months of protests throughout the country and to many arrests, as the new Republic of China struggled to find its place as a nation in the 20th century world order. The New Culture Movement, which emerged at this time, brought a flowering of new ideas to China, including an appreciation of vernacular literature, and modern Western scientific thought. Intellectuals and reformers such as Lu Xun, Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shih, Fu Sinian and Liang Qichao were to play important roles in modernising China. It is therefore fitting that we begin with several articles examining aspects of modernism in relation to China. None of them deal directly with the May 4th Incident, and are perhaps all the more intriguing because of this. Dr Anne Witchard’s beautiful essay discusses the life and work of Huang Zunxian, a Qing diplomat, reformer and poet. He became an important mentor to the reformers of the Hundred Days campaign, an involvement that almost led to his death. Other articles in this section explore the lives of Chinese intellectuals in China and abroad as they shaped their new ideas, formed international relationships, and stood up for what they believed in. At the same time, intellectuals from other countries were changing the way they saw China, attempting to fit their impressions of China into a worldwide narrative. The sensitive reader will notice several themes and leitmotifs running through these essays: the Academia Sinica, 1 woodblocks, Japan, the palette of the painter Whistler, and cultural transfer in language, to name a few. As Chinese intellectuals were going out into the world to find new inspiration, foreigners were coming into China to explore and develop new careers. In the second section, we meet several of these, whose lives and interactions with China span more than a century, from the 1860s to the 1980s. Like many of us today, the protagonists in these essays came to China for work, study and marriage. They include an early curator and contributor to the RAS museum, a poet who lived and travelled in north China, a very sporting businessman and a student who became enraptured with the work of contemporary artists in Beijing. Their disparate experiences of China and the region provide eyewitness accounts of China’s journey towards the modern nation state we see now. The story of modernity is not only to be found in the journals and notebooks of residents and visitors, but also in the landscape, or more precisely, the cityscapes. The next section takes the reader into the streets: Duncan Hewitt’s thoughtful journey through the district of Yangshupu may make you want to get onto the subway and go find these places yourself, if you are lucky enough to have some free time in Shanghai. Taking a larger view, a fascinating photo essay describes the importance of preserving historical architecture in Asian cities and provides eye-catching examples. Our final section provides some unusual perspectives on the period. Katya Knyazeva’s essay about the Miss Shanghai competitions of the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, describes the scandals, love intrigues, and controversies occurring over the course of the contests, but the author is careful to highlight the poignant afterlife of some of these beauty queens. I asked Paul French if he might give us a book review for this year’s journal, and received ‘Who was Bok?’ This quirky review features pirate queens and bloodcurdling accounts of life on the high seas, and being from Paul French, a mystery! Mr French examines the evidence to solve the mystery of the unknown ‘Bok’ and asks us to decide if his sleuthing is correct. The journal is intended to provide both a platform for serious scholarly research, and an outlet for lighter contributions which our readership would find interesting as reading material. We welcome contributions for future issues of JRAS China, and would be pleased to work with you to bring your stories to life. This edition would 2 not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of the editorial committee, Dr Kate Munro, Cordelia Crockett, John Van Fleet and Jack Rennie, and, as always, the patient guidance of our publisher, Graham Earnshaw. I hope you will enjoy these essays and articles as much as we did. If you have any feedback, including suggestions, requests, comments, or have a different answer to Paul French’s riddle, please feel free to contact me at [email protected]. Tracey Willard A Note about the cover: One of the great benefits of being a member of the Royal Asiatic Society (RAS) China is being able to use the RAS library, which occupies a beautiful room in the former Jardine Mathieson building on the Bund.
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