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Cell Phone City Mobile Phone Use and the Hybridization of Space in Tokyo

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Cell Phone City Mobile Phone Use and the Hybridization of Space in Tokyo Cell Phone City Mobile Phone Use and the Hybridization of Space in Tokyo PhD Thesis, Urban Studies Deirdre Aranka Lucia Sneep Universität Duisburg-Essen IN-EAST School of Advanced Studies Cell Phone City Mobile Phone Use and the Hybridization of Space in Tokyo Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) der Fakultät für Geisteswissenschaften der Universität Duisburg-Essen vorgelegt von Deirdre Aranka Lucia Sneep aus Mülheim (Ruhr) Gutachter/Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Jens Martin Gurr and Prof. Dr. Florian Coulmas, Universität Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, 8 September 2017 Disputation: Essen, den 12. Juni 2018 1 This PhD project has been a part of the ‘Urban Systems in East Asia’ cluster of the IN-EAST School of Advanced Studies, University of Duisburg-Essen. All photographs and images in this thesis belong to the author, unless otherwise stated in the caption. Do not reproduce without permission. Diese Dissertation wird über DuEPublico, dem Dokumenten- und Publikationsserver der Universität Duisburg-Essen, zur Verfügung gestellt und liegt auch als Print-Version vor. DOI: 10.17185/duepublico/71795 URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20200610-125905-4 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Smartphone Citizens................................................................................................................................................. 6 Telecommunication Revolutions ............................................................................................................................ 7 The Research Question ..........................................................................................................................................10 Significance ..............................................................................................................................................................13 Definitions and Language ......................................................................................................................................15 2: Mobile Phone use in Japan ....................................................................................................................................18 Mobile Telecommunication Technology and Japan ..........................................................................................18 Personal Mobile Phone use in Japan ...................................................................................................................23 The 1990’s – From Pager to Mobile Phone ...................................................................................................23 The 2000’s – The Emergence of Japan’s ‘Mobile Culture’ ..........................................................................25 Keitai Culture Continued: the Smartphone ..........................................................................................................28 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................................................35 3: The Mobile Phone, Analyzed ................................................................................................................................38 Common Themes ...................................................................................................................................................39 Utopia versus Dystopia .....................................................................................................................................40 Technological Othering .....................................................................................................................................47 The Mobile Phone Historical ‘Vacuum’ .........................................................................................................48 Global Implications of Assumptions in Mobile Research ...........................................................................51 Space and the Mobile Phone .................................................................................................................................53 A Spatial Tool from the Start ...........................................................................................................................53 IT Cities ...............................................................................................................................................................57 Online ‘Space’ and the City...............................................................................................................................59 Online and Offline Space in the Mobile Age ................................................................................................64 Conclusion: Themes and Gaps in Mobile Phone Research .............................................................................68 4. Methodology of the Research ...............................................................................................................................71 Selected Areas for Fieldwork ................................................................................................................................71 Nishi-Shinjuku ....................................................................................................................................................73 Shinjuku Sanchōme ............................................................................................................................................75 Kabukichō ...........................................................................................................................................................76 Ookubo ................................................................................................................................................................77 Previous Research ...................................................................................................................................................79 Qualitative Research: Urban Wandering and Urban Ethnography ................................................................81 The Flâneur .........................................................................................................................................................82 Psychogeography ................................................................................................................................................83 The Phoneur .......................................................................................................................................................84 Psychogeography and Urban Wandering in Japanese Research .................................................................84 3 Reinventing Urban Drifting ..............................................................................................................................86 Method and Obstacles ...........................................................................................................................................87 Filming: Ethical and Legal Issues ....................................................................................................................88 Quantitative Research: Behavioral Mapping.......................................................................................................90 Data Collection ........................................................................................................................................................92 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................................................95 5. Results and Analysis................................................................................................................................................97 Ookubo .....................................................................................................................................................................99 Pedestrian Information .....................................................................................................................................99 Mobile Phone Activity Density ........................................................................................................................99 Data ......................................................................................................................................................................99 Nishi-Shinjuku ...................................................................................................................................................... 100 Pedestrian Information .................................................................................................................................. 100 Mobile Phone Activity Density ..................................................................................................................... 100 Data ................................................................................................................................................................... 100 Shinjuku Sanchōme ............................................................................................................................................
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