DOCSLIB.ORG

Diversity of Gall-Forming Rusts (Uromycladium, Pucciniales) on Acacia in Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diversity of Gall-Forming Rusts (Uromycladium, Pucciniales) on Acacia in Australia Persoonia 40, 2018: 221–238 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.09 Diversity of gall-forming rusts (Uromycladium, Pucciniales) on Acacia in Australia 1,2,3 1,4 1,2 2,5 C. Doungsa-ard , A.R. McTaggart , A.D.W. Geering , R.G. Shivas Key words Abstract Uromycladium tepperianum has been reported on over 100 species of Acacia, as well as on the closely related plant genera, Falcataria, Racosperma and Paraserianthes. Previous studies have indicated that U. tep- cryptic species perianum may represent a complex of host-specific, cryptic species. The phylogenetic relationships between 79 Pucciniales specimens of Uromycladium were determined based on a concatenated dataset of the Small Subunit, the Internal systematics Transcribed Spacer and the Large Subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and the mitochondrial cytochrome taxonomy c oxidase subunit 3. This study showed that the host range of U. tepperianum s.str. was restricted to species of 16 new taxa Acacia in the ‘A. bivenosa group’ sensu Chapman & Maslin (1992). An epitype of U. tepperianum on A. ligulata is designated to create a stable taxonomy for the application of this name. Sixteen novel species of Uromycladium are described, based on host preference, morphology and a phylogenetic species concept. Article info Received: 23 October 2017; Accepted: 30 April 2018; Published: 16 May 2018. INTRODUCTION in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa (Morris 1991, Wood & Morris 2007, Wood 2012). McAlpine (1905) established Uromycladium for rust fungi Samuel (1924) first suggested that U. tepperianum may be di- (Pucciniales) on species of Acacia (Fabaceae) in Australia that visible into a number of biological species, each adapted to a were characterised by single-celled teliospores on branched different host. Several authors have supported this hypothesis and septate pedicels. Five species were described by Mc- based on observations of host range and intraspecific molecular Alpine (1905) as new, namely, U. alpinum, U. bisporum (syn. variation (Burges 1934, Walker 1983, Morris 1987, Berndt 2010, U. acaciae fide Sydow & Sydow 1915), U. maritimum, U. robin- Doungsa-ard et al. 2015). Morris (1987) inoculated isolates of sonii and U. simplex. McAlpine (1905) additionally recombined U. tepperianum from different host species onto a range of spe- Uromyces tepperianus and Uredo notabilis as Uromycladium cies of Acacia and found there were host specific genotypes. tepperianum and Uromycladium notabile, respectively. Since Doungsa-ard et al. (2015) used a molecular phylogenetic ap- then, three additional species of Uromycladium have been de- proach to show that the rust on Falcataria moluccana, which scribed, namely, U. fusisporum (Savile 1971), U. naracoortensis had been attributed to U. tepperianum (Braza 1997, Old & (Berndt 2010) and U. falcatariae (type on Falcataria moluccana, Cristovao 2003, Rahayu et al. 2010, Rahayu 2011, Widyastuti Doungsa-ard et al. 2015). et al. 2013), was a distinct species, U. falcatariae, and that Uromycladium tepperianum s.lat. causes prominent galls on the there was intraspecific variation within U. tepperianum s.lat. stems, phyllodes, inflorescences and pods of over 100 species This study investigated the diversity of Uromycladium spp. that of Acacia (Morris 1991, Berndt 2010). Uromycladium tepperi- produce three teliospores per pedicel and form galls on their anum has also been recorded on Paraserianthes lophantha hosts. The purpose of the study was to define U. tepperianum subsp. lophantha in Western Australia (Gathe 1971, Morris in the strict sense, and resolve closely related species by a 1987), and Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. montana in Indo- combined biological (host range), morphological and phylo- nesia (Magnus 1892, Boedjin 1959). Severe infection may lead genetic species concept. Four gene regions from ribosomal to the death of host plants (Gathe 1971, Morris 1997, Wood & (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA were analysed, together with Morris 2007), and for this reason, U. tepperianum was intro- morphological characters, for 74 specimens on Acacia, two on duced as a biological control agent for the control of A. saligna Falcataria and three on Paraserianthes lophantha. 1 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University MATERIALS AND METHODS of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Australia. Specimen selection and morphological examination 2 Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce 2617, Australia; During 2012–2015, specimens of Uromycladium spp. on spe- corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]. cies of Acacia and P. lophantha were collected from various 3 Plant Pathology Research Group, Plant Protection Research and Develop- locations in Australia (Table 1). All specimens were preserved ment Office, Department of Agriculture, Chatuchuk, Bangkok 10900, in the Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture Thailand. 4 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co- and Fisheries, Queensland (BRIP). operative Programme (TPCP), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Rust spores were mounted on glass slides in 100 % lactic Institute (FABI), Private Bag X20, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, acid and gently heated to boiling before microscopic examina- South Africa. 5 Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba tion. Ranges were expressed as either min.–max., or (min.–) 4350, Queensland, Australia. mean–SD – mean+SD (–max.) with values rounded to 0.5 μm. © 2018 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. 222 Persoonia – Volume 40, 2018 Table 1 List of rust specimens included in this study. Taxon Accession Host Statec, Country GenBank accession number LSU ITS SSU CO3 Uromycladium brachycarpae BRIPa 58599 Acacia brachycarpa Qld, Australia KR994685 KR994736 KR994781 KR994986 U. falcatariae BRIP 57477 Falcataria moluccana Laguna, Philippines KJ632973d KJ633013d KJ632993d KJ639059d BRIP 57990 F. moluccana Timor Leste KJ632974d KJ633014d KJ632994d KJ639060d U. farinosae BRIP 58154 A. farinosa SA, Australia KR994686 KR994737 KR994782 KR994987 U. flavescentis BRIP 55385 A. flavescens Qld, Australia KR994687 KR994738 KR994783 KR994988 BRIP 57283 A. flavescens Qld, Australia KR994688 KR994739 KR994784 KR994989 U. fusisporum BRIP 57526 A. salicina Qld, Australia KJ632991d KJ633031d KJ633009d KJ639075d U. holosericeae BRIP 56538 A. holosericea NT, Australia KR994689 KR994740 KR994785 KR994990 BRIP 56541 A. holosericea NT, Australia KJ632987d KJ633020d KJ633004d KJ639061d BRIP 56543 A. holosericea NT, Australia KR994690 KR994741 KR994786 KR994991 BRIP 59653 A. holosericea Qld, Australia KJ632986d KJ633028d KJ632998d KJ639062d BRIP 61544 A. holosericea Qld, Australia KR994691 KR994742 KR994787 KR994992 U. implexae BRIP 57313 A. implexa Vic, Australia KR994692 KR994743 KR994788 KR994993 BRIP 57508 A. implexa NSW, Australia KR994693 KR994744 KR994789 KR994994 BRIP 57509 A. implexa NSW, Australia KJ632983d KJ633015d KJ633007d KJ639072d BRIP 57628 A. implexa NSW, Australia KR994694 KR994745 KR994790 KR994995 BRIP 59220 A. implexa Vic, Australia KJ632984d KJ633016d KJ633008d KJ639071d U. leiocalycis BRIP 56928 A. leiocalyx Qld, Australia KJ632981d KJ633017d KJ633005d KJ639073d BRIP 57285 A. leiocalyx Qld, Australia KR994695 KR994746 KR994791 KR994996 BRIP 57511 A. leiocalyx Qld, Australia KJ632982d KJ633018d KJ633006d KJ639074d BRIP 57536 A. leiocalyx Qld, Australia KR994696 KR994747 KR994792 KR994997 BRIP 57582 A. leiocalyx NSW, Australia KR994697 KR994748 KR994793 KR994998 BRIP 59926 A. leiocalyx Qld, Australia KR994698 KR994749 KR994794 KR994999 U. ligustrinae BRIP 57708 A. ligustrina WA, Australia KR994699 KR994750 KR994795 KR995000 U. maslinii BRIP 57697 A. acuminata WA, Australia KR994700 KR994751 KR994796 KR995001 BRIP 57700 A. acuminata WA, Australia KR994701 KR994752 KR994797 KR995002 BRIP 57703 A. latior WA, Australia KJ632975d KJ632999d KJ633023d KJ639065d BRIP 57704 A. incognita WA, Australia KR994702 N/A N/A N/A BRIP 57743 A. resinimarginea WA, Australia KR994703 N/A N/A KR995003 BRIP 57744 A. gibbosa WA, Australia KR994704 N/A N/A KR995004 BRIP 57749 A. coolgardiensis WA, Australia KJ632976d KJ633024d KJ633003d KJ639066d BRIP 57751 A. acuminata WA, Australia KR994705 KR994753 KR994798 KR995005 BRIP 57755 A. acuminata WA, Australia KR994706 KR994754 KR994799 KR995006 BRIP 57756 A. acuminata WA, Australia KJ632977d KJ633025d KJ633000d KJ639067d BRIP 57819 A. acuminata WA, Australia KJ632978d KJ633026d KJ633001d KJ639068d BRIP 57825 A. yorkrakinensis WA, Australia KR994707 N/A KR994800 KR995007 BRIP 57869 A. sibina WA, Australia KJ632979d KJ633019d KJ633002d
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Botanical Name: Acacia Common Name: Wattle Family: Fabaceae Origin: Australia and Africa Habit: Various Habitats Author: Diana Hughes, Mullumbimby
    Botanical Name: Acacia Common Name: Wattle Family: Fabaceae Origin: Australia and Africa Habit: various habitats Author: Diana Hughes, Mullumbimby I like to turn to PlantNET-FloraOnline to learn more about plants. Here you will find a wealth of information about plants, their growing habits and distribution. Much can be learnt from Latin names given, plus the variety of common names attributed to each plant. A more familiar name for Acacia is Wattle - Australia's floral emblem, in this case Acacia pycantha, Golden Wattle, which is native to South Eastern Australia. We have beautiful wattles in our region, most of which are coming into flower now. Mullumbimby is famous for the rare Acacia bakeri, (Marblewood), a rainforest species. It is found on the banks of the Brunswick River, with insignificant white flowers, hidden in glossy leaves. Searches through several websites confirm my fears that many Acacias are considered as needing 'environmental management' - meaning they have weed potential. But who could find a field of beautiful Queensland Silver Wattle an unpleasant sight? Negatively they are 'seeders', and positively, they are nitrogen fixers. Managing the four species in my garden is a pleasure. My pride and joy is an Acacia macradenia, or Zig Zag wattle because its phyllodes (leaves) are arranged in that manner along weeping branches. It's about to flower for the 6th year. Motorists stop to photograph it as it is such a sight. I prune it hard each year. My rear raised garden bed holds 3 different species. The well-known Queensland Silver Wattle, or Mt Morgan wattle (Acacia podalyriifolia) is now flowering.
    [Show full text]
  • Kalannie Region Its Closest Relative Is A
    Botanical name Acacia merrallii F.Muell., Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales ser. 2, 5: 18 (1890) The botanical name commemorates Edwin Merrall who collected the type specimen from near Lake Brown in 1890 (see Hall 1984 for biographical details). Common name Merrall’s Wattle. Characteristic features Shrubs low and spreading. Phyllodes short and broad, smooth, thick and sub-fleshy, minutely hairy when young but glabrous with age, obscurely 1-nerved on each face, apical point distinct. Heads globular. Pods sub-terete, small, strongly curved to irregularly coiled, dark brown to black. Aril bright orange (rarely yellow), conspicuous and partially sheathing the seed. Description Habit. Low-domed or flat-topped, multi-stemmed shrubs (0.2-)0.3-1.5(-2.5) m tall, often +/- circular in plane view and the dense crown spreading 1-4 m wide. Bark. Smooth and grey from base of main stems to the branchlets. New shoots. Grey-green due to a dense layer of hairs. Branchlets. Usually minutely hairy. Phyllodes. Variable in shape and size, obliquely obovate to elliptic-orbicular or oblong-elliptic, rarely ovate, usually 8-25 mm long and 5-17 mm wide with l:w = 1.2-3, smooth, thick and sub-fleshy, green, grey-green or sub-glaucous, finely appressed- hairy when young but becoming glabrous with age; with 1 obscure longitudinal nerve (midrib) on each face, lateral nerves +/- absent; marginal nerves prominent and yellowish; apices ending in a small, curved or straight point which varies from innocuous to +/- pungent; gland situated on the upper margin of the phyllode (on its lower half), not raised.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogenesis of Gall-Rust Disease on Falcataria Moluccana in Areas Affected by Mount Merapi Eruption in Indonesia
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 4, April 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1310-1315 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210406 Pathogenesis of gall-rust disease on Falcataria moluccana in areas affected by Mount Merapi eruption in Indonesia SRI RAHAYU♥, WIDIYATNO, DWI TYANINGSIH ADRIYANTI Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Agro No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Tel./fax.: +62-274-550541, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 14 December 2019. Revision accepted: 5 March 2020. Abstract. Rahayu S, Widiyatno, Adriyanti DT. 2020. Pathogenesis of gall-rust disease on Falcataria moluccana in areas affected by Mount Merapi eruption in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1310-1315. The gall rust pathogen Uromycladium falcatarium affects the fast- growing tree species Falcataria moluccana (Sengon) from seedling to mature stage producing galls on all its parts. Severe infestation causes tree mortality. There were two eruptions of the volcano at Mount Merapi, Java, Indonesia during October-November 2010 near to which Sengon is grown under community forests. This study, conducted in 2014, examined the implications of the volcanic eruptions on the incidence and severity of gall rust disease on Sengon trees growing in areas affected by the eruption. It revealed that the percentage infestation on seedlings caused by teliospores of U. falcatarium collected from areas close to Mount Merapi (3-7 km away- risky area) was significantly higher compared to those collected from trees 7.1-11 (are under alert) and 11.1-15 km (area under threat) away. The teilospores and galls collected from the ‘risky area’ also exhibited morphological variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plants Sixth Edition Sixth Edition AUSTRALIAN Native Plants Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation
    AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS SIXTH EDITION SIXTH EDITION AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation John W. Wrigley Murray Fagg Sixth Edition published in Australia in 2013 by ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reed New Holland an imprint of New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Sydney • Auckland • London • Cape Town Many people have helped us since 1977 when we began writing the first edition of Garfield House 86–88 Edgware Road London W2 2EA United Kingdom Australian Native Plants. Some of these folk have regrettably passed on, others have moved 1/66 Gibbes Street Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia to different areas. We endeavour here to acknowledge their assistance, without which the 218 Lake Road Northcote Auckland New Zealand Wembley Square First Floor Solan Road Gardens Cape Town 8001 South Africa various editions of this book would not have been as useful to so many gardeners and lovers of Australian plants. www.newhollandpublishers.com To the following people, our sincere thanks: Steve Adams, Ralph Bailey, Natalie Barnett, www.newholland.com.au Tony Bean, Lloyd Bird, John Birks, Mr and Mrs Blacklock, Don Blaxell, Jim Bourner, John Copyright © 2013 in text: John Wrigley Briggs, Colin Broadfoot, Dot Brown, the late George Brown, Ray Brown, Leslie Conway, Copyright © 2013 in map: Ian Faulkner Copyright © 2013 in photographs and illustrations: Murray Fagg Russell and Sharon Costin, Kirsten Cowley, Lyn Craven (Petraeomyrtus punicea photograph) Copyright © 2013 New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Richard Cummings, Bert
    [Show full text]
  • Jervis Bay Territory Page 1 of 50 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region (Blank), Jervis Bay Territory
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Galls, Witches Brooms and Fascinating Things
    Number 2 March 2019 GALLS, WITCHES BROOMS AND FASCINATING THINGS …Gail Slykhuis Plant modifications are many and varied and are often discussed during an ANGAIR nature ramble or track walk. A popular misconception is that insect activity is the sole cause of these oddities. Whilst insect-forming galls are common, there are other culprits out there that are the cause of some very interesting plant growth. This article will cover several plant modifications that you may have seen on your walks around Anglesea and Aireys Inlet. Rust Galls — Golden Wattle, Acacia pycnantha Rust galls are caused by a fungus whose spores invade plant leaves and stems; fungal chemicals then stimulate the plant into forming irregularly shaped woody galls that may grow to 150mm in diameter. The light brown gall will develop a powdery surface as it produces spores, the gall then darkens with age and will often become a home for small insects and spider mites, often mistaken for the cause of the gall. Golden Wattle, Acacia pycnantha, is one of many acacia species capable of being infected by the rust gall fungus, Uromycladium tepperianum. The host provides the fungus with nutrients and as a consequence, severely infected trees will be weakened due to the reduced leaf canopy and may die. You may also have seen these rust galls on wattles with bipinnate Rust galls on Golden Wattle foliage e.g. Silver Wattle, Acacia dealbata, and Black Wattle, Acacia mearnsii, the rust fungus involved with these species being Uromycladium notabile. Witches Brooms — Large-leaf Bush-pea, Pultenaea daphnoides These wonderfully named aberrations are not uncommon in the natural environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Uromycladium Acaciae, the Cause of a Sudden, Severe Disease Epidemic on Acacia Mearnsii in South Africa
    Uromycladium acaciae, the cause of a sudden, severe disease Acacia mearnsii epidemic on in South Africa 1 2,3 1 4 Alistair R. McTaggart & Chanintorn Doungsa-ard & Michael J. Wingfield & Jolanda Roux Abstract A severe rust disease has caused extensive damage in 1988, from minor symptoms on the leaflets caused by its to plantation grown Acacia mearnsii trees in the KwaZulu- uredinial stage on A. mearnsii in South Africa. It has now Natal Province of South Africa since 2013. The symptoms are become a threat to plantations of A. mearnsii, with an altered characterized by leaf spots, petiole and rachis deformation, life cycle and increased disease severity. defoliation, gummosis, stunting of affected trees and die- back of seedlings. The cause of this new disease was identified Keywords Botrycephaleae . Emerging disease . Microcyclic using a combined morphological and DNA sequence ap- rust .Plantationforestry .Pucciniales .Taxonomy .Uredinales proach. Based on morphology, the rust fungus was identified as a species of Uromycladium. It formed powdery, brown telia on petioles, stems, leaves, seedpods and trunks of affected Introduction trees. The teliospores were two per pedicel and either lacked or had a collapsed sterile vesicle. Sequence data and morphol- Australian species of Acacia s. str. (Fabaceae, subfamily ogy showed that the collections from South Africa were con- Mimosoideae; from here referred to as Acacia)inSouth specific, however telia were not produced in all provinces. Africa are either considered weeds, such as A. dealbata and Uromycladium acaciae is the most suitable name for this rust A. saligna, or grown commercially for the production of tim- fungus, based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of ber for pulp, and bark for tannins, glues and other products the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of (Midgley and Turnbull 2003; Dobson and Feely 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • The Acacia Gall Rust Fungus, Uromycladium Tepperianum a Fungal Pathogen of Port Jackson ( Acacia Saligna ) in South Africa
    The Acacia Gall Rust Fungus, Uromycladium tepperianum A fungal pathogen of Port Jackson ( Acacia saligna ) in South Africa Alan Wood Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599 Description Uromycladium tepperianum (Sacc.) MacAlpine is a rust fungus originating from Australia where it naturally attacks Port Jackson. It causes the production of large irregularly sized galls on the leaves and stems, as well as witches’ brooms. The single-celled, brown teliospores are produced on pedicels, 3 teliospores to a pedicel. These are approximately 0.02 mm in diameter and ridged. The teliospores are produced in mass on the surface of the galls, appearing as a brown powder that is easily brushed off. Life Cycle The teliospores are spread by wind. After germinating they infect the tree by directly penetrating into epidermal cells of young phyllodes Gall of Uromycladium (“leaves”), stems and flower buds. From there they colonize the surrounding plant tissue and induce the formation of galls or witches’ tepperianum brooms. Teliospores are produced from May to about August. Germination occurs when there is freely available water on the plant surface (overnight dew or light rain), and the temperature is 10–20°C. These conditions are prevalent in spring in the Western Cape, when the plants are most actively growing and flowering. Disease Symptoms Infected Port Jackson trees are covered in conspicuous, knobly, red- brown galls, or sometimes witches’ brooms, on branches, phyllodes Three teliospores of or flowers. New galls often develop in February to March, the fungus the gall rust fungus having infected the plant at the end of the previous rainy season.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Gulf, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendation of Native Species for the Reforestation of Degraded Land Using Live Staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia)
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA Department of Land, Environment Agriculture and Forestry Second Cycle Degree (MSc) in Forest Science Recommendation of native species for the reforestation of degraded land using live staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia) Supervisor Prof. Lorenzo Marini Co-supervisor Prof. Jaime Polanía Vorenberg Submitted by Alicia Pardo Moy Student N. 1218558 2019/2020 Summary Although Colombia is one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity in the world, it has many degraded areas due to agricultural and mining practices that have been carried out in recent decades. The high Andean forests are especially vulnerable to this type of soil erosion. The corporate purpose of ‘Reforestadora El Guásimo S.A.S.’ is to use wood from its plantations, but it also follows the parameters of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). For this reason, it carries out reforestation activities and programs and, very particularly, it is interested in carrying out ecological restoration processes in some critical sites. The study area is located between 2000 and 2750 masl and is considered a low Andean humid forest (bmh-MB). The average annual precipitation rate is 2057 mm and the average temperature is around 11 ºC. The soil has a sandy loam texture with low pH, which limits the amount of nutrients it can absorb. FAO (2014) suggests that around 10 genera are enough for a proper restoration. After a bibliographic revision, the genera chosen were Alchornea, Billia, Ficus, Inga, Meriania, Miconia, Ocotea, Protium, Prunus, Psidium, Symplocos, Tibouchina, and Weinmannia. Two inventories from 2013 and 2019, helped to determine different biodiversity indexes to check the survival of different species and to suggest the adequate characteristics of the individuals for a successful vegetative stakes reforestation.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACTS 117 Systematics Section, BSA / ASPT / IOPB
    Systematics Section, BSA / ASPT / IOPB 466 HARDY, CHRISTOPHER R.1,2*, JERROLD I DAVIS1, breeding system. This effectively reproductively isolates the species. ROBERT B. FADEN3, AND DENNIS W. STEVENSON1,2 Previous studies have provided extensive genetic, phylogenetic and 1Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2New York natural selection data which allow for a rare opportunity to now Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458; 3Dept. of Botany, National study and interpret ontogenetic changes as sources of evolutionary Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, novelties in floral form. Three populations of M. cardinalis and four DC 20560 populations of M. lewisii (representing both described races) were studied from initiation of floral apex to anthesis using SEM and light Phylogenetics of Cochliostema, Geogenanthus, and microscopy. Allometric analyses were conducted on data derived an undescribed genus (Commelinaceae) using from floral organs. Sympatric populations of the species from morphology and DNA sequence data from 26S, 5S- Yosemite National Park were compared. Calyces of M. lewisii initi- NTS, rbcL, and trnL-F loci ate later than those of M. cardinalis relative to the inner whorls, and sepals are taller and more acute. Relative times of initiation of phylogenetic study was conducted on a group of three small petals, sepals and pistil are similar in both species. Petal shapes dif- genera of neotropical Commelinaceae that exhibit a variety fer between species throughout development. Corolla aperture of unusual floral morphologies and habits. Morphological A shape becomes dorso-ventrally narrow during development of M. characters and DNA sequence data from plastid (rbcL, trnL-F) and lewisii, and laterally narrow in M.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Fire Recovery of Woody Plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion
    Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion Peter J. ClarkeA, Kirsten J. E. Knox, Monica L. Campbell and Lachlan M. Copeland Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AUSTRALIA. ACorresponding author; email: [email protected] Abstract: The resprouting response of plant species to fire is a key life history trait that has profound effects on post-fire population dynamics and community composition. This study documents the post-fire response (resprouting and maturation times) of woody species in six contrasting formations in the New England Tableland Bioregion of eastern Australia. Rainforest had the highest proportion of resprouting woody taxa and rocky outcrops had the lowest. Surprisingly, no significant difference in the median maturation length was found among habitats, but the communities varied in the range of maturation times. Within these communities, seedlings of species killed by fire, mature faster than seedlings of species that resprout. The slowest maturing species were those that have canopy held seed banks and were killed by fire, and these were used as indicator species to examine fire immaturity risk. Finally, we examine whether current fire management immaturity thresholds appear to be appropriate for these communities and find they need to be amended. Cunninghamia (2009) 11(2): 221–239 Introduction Maturation times of new recruits for those plants killed by fire is also a critical biological variable in the context of fire Fire is a pervasive ecological factor that influences the regimes because this time sets the lower limit for fire intervals evolution, distribution and abundance of woody plants that can cause local population decline or extirpation (Keith (Whelan 1995; Bond & van Wilgen 1996; Bradstock et al.
    [Show full text]