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Canon Law Manuscripts in the Medieval Abbey of St. Germain Des Prés

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Canon Law Manuscripts in the Medieval Abbey of St. Germain Des Prés Archiv für Katholisches Kirchenrecht 185 (2016) 390–404 brill.com/ak Canon Law Manuscripts in the Medieval Abbey of St. Germain des Prés Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi Introduction The importance of books in daily life of the religious fathers – following the Benedictine, the Augustinian or other Rules – and the particular place of these volumes within the monastery – the so called “Bibliotheca” – were crucial, even if the community did not do any public activity. Both mentioned rules referred to the obligation of the confreres to read, however we can make a dis- tinction between the table readings and the private – recommended – spiritual readings. The table readings were – and are still – arranged in the presence of the entire community of the house, basically in the refectory. This material involved a short part of the rules of the monastic or canonical community; the commemoration of the saints or deceased confreres; a part of the founder’s life; and a reading from some spiritual or any edifying source (which could be the Bible itself). The private reading basically meant the personal reading of the Bible and the rules of the order, but it could be also writings of patris- tic authors, commentary on the Holy Scripture, etc. Obviously, the praying of the liturgy of hours also belonged to the reading culture of the community.1 This milieu was described well by Enrico Cattaneo in 1962. Based on this list we should understand why the liturgical books were the majority in a mon- astery in the medieval time. Nevertheless, the various goals of the religious * This paper has been written with the generous support of the ‘Instituto de Derecho Clásico (IDEC)’ in the St. Michael’s Abbey of the Norbertine Fathers (Orange, CA). It is an enlarged version of my paper which was presented at the Fifteenth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law (Paris, July 23rd 2016). I would like to express my thanks to A.B. Лихоманов (St. Petersburg, Rossiyskaya Nationalnaya Biblioteka). This publication is supported by the OTKA K 106300 project. 1 E. Cattaneo, La vita comune dei chierici e la liturgia, in La vita comune del clero nei secoli XI e XII (Atti della Settimana di Studio: Mendola, Settembre 1959) [Miscellenea del Centro di Studi Medioevali III], Milano 1962. 241–272; Cs. Csapodi, A középkori magyarországi könyv- tárak története, in Kódexek a középkori Magyarországon, Budapest 1985, 19–33, especially 19–20. © Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2019 | doi:10.30965/2589045X-1850202Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 12:02:21PM via free access Canon Law Manuscripts 391 communities made significant effect on the abbey – or cathedral – libraries and also on the contents of the manuals which gave the background to the dif- ferent activities.2 Hence, we can say that the life of the religious communities and the clergy institutionalized and defined the contents and structure of the medieval ecclesiastical libraries.3 This is the reason of the colorful contents of religious libraries (philosophy, theology, spirituality, liturgy, canon law, bib- lical literature and even classical authors), which after the secularization of the 18th–19th century were dispersed in most cases, preserved their majority in different libraries, sometimes geographically far away from each another.4 Only few times can be found original – from the Middle Age – catalogue-list of a particular old library, conserved in some original manuscript, which is able to give a clear overview on the reading culture and also on the activity of the contemporary religious community (i.e. 13th century catalogue of the Abbey of Weissenau: Praha, Narodni Knihovna XXIII E 21 [Lobk. 469]).5 Therefore, if we like to make a reconstructive vision on the entire original canonical material of the medieval library of the Abbey of St. Germain des Prés, we must pay our attention not only to the history of this abbey and its library, but the fate of this collection, within that its medieval material; and we also have to consider that this concrete library was not a really single collection.6 I The Historical Facts for the Reconstruction Ten years ago I have begun codicological and paleographical analysis of the Medieval Latin canon law manuscript collection of the different sections of the National Library of St. Petersburg. Already in 2006 I have realized the 2 G. Constable, The Reformation of the Twelfth Century, Cambridge 1996, 125–167. 3 Cf. Sz.A. Szuromi, Medieval Canon Law – Sources and Theory – (Bibliotheca Instituti Postgradualis Iuris Canonici Universitatis Catholicae de Petro Pázmány nominatae III/12), Budapest 2009, 26–30; G. Duby, The Age of the Cathedrals. Art and Society, 980–1420, Chicago 1981, 26; J. Verger, Les écoles au XIe siècle, in: M. Rouche (dir.), Fulbert de Chartres. Précurseur de l’Europe médiévale? (Cultures et civilisation médiévales 43), Paris 2008, 33– 42; Sz.A. Szuromi, Fulbert et Bonipert – Les relations entre deux évêques au XIe siècle, in Rouche (dir.), Fulbert de Chartres, 55–62. 4 Cf. J. Gaudemet, Église et cité. Histoire du droit canonique, Paris 1994, 693–696; B. Plongeron, Les défis de la modernité (1750–1840) (= Histoire du Christianisme des origines à nos jours, X), Paris 1997, 604–614. 5 Praha, Narodni Knihovna XXIII E 21 (Lobk. 469), foll. 170ra–170vb; cf. E. Wenzel, Die mittel- alterliche Bibliothek der Abtei Weißenau (Europäische Hochschulschriften; XV: Klassische Sprachen und Literaturen 73), Frankfurt am Main 1998, 41–46, 139–142. 6 See É. Dussult, L’invention de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris 2014. Archiv für KatholischeS Kirchenrecht 185 (2016)Downloaded 390–404 from Brill.com09/26/2021 12:02:21PM via free access 392 Szuromi significant presence of the medieval codices of the Abbey of St. Germain des Prés in St. Petersburg. Within the last ten years I focused on the systematic, de- tailed analysis and description of the Medieval Latin collection of the National Library of St. Petersburg7 in order to prepare these results for edition of a new and critical catalogue, which is now under process. However, it must be un- derlined, that those St. Germain des Prés manuscripts which are located in St. Petersburg constitute only a fragmented part of the original – until the end of the 18th century developing – collection.8 The other significant part of it belongs now to the current material of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Paris).9 1 The Abbey of St. Germain des Prés before the 17th century The Benedictine community of St. Germain des Prés was founded in about 543/556 by Childebert I (†558). The church title was originally St. Vincent and was consecrated by Bishop Germain.10 Around the church – outside the city of Paris – a Benedictine monastery had been built which had received the abbey state. The importance of the monastery is illustrated well by the burial place of the Merovingian kings which took place in the Abbey church, and the very rich treasury.11 In order to understand the regular activity of this abbey, we must 7 Cf. Sz.A. Szuromi, Some 12th century textual-witnesses of the family of the Ivonian Panormia (A Comparative Analysis of St. Petersburg, Rossiyskaya Nationalnaya Biblioteka Ermit. lat. 25 with BAV Barb. lat. 502 and other Ivonian manuscripts), in: Ius Ecclesiae 20 (2008) 369–387; id., Medieval Canon Law heritage of the Norbertine Abbey of Weissenau in the Hermitage of St. Petersburg, in: Folia Canonica 12 (2009) 119–137; id., Some Canonical Manuscripts in the Collection of the National Library of St. Petersburg, in: AfkKR 179 (2010) 20–26; id., Medieval canonical collections of the Norbertine Abbey of Weissenau in the Hermitage of St. Petersburg, in: Analecta Premonstratensia LXXXVII (2011/1–4) 225–239; id., Medieval Canon Law Manuscripts in the National Library of St. Petersburg, I, in: AfkKR 181 (2012) 91–106; id., The Tripartita as compared with “Tripartita”. Notes on the Firenze, Bibliotheca Medicea-Laurentiana, Ashburnham 53 and St. Petersburg, Nationalnaya Biblioteka O. v. II. 4, in: AfkKR 182 (2013) 6–25; id., A Canonical Manuscript in the Collection of the National Library of St. Petersburg, in: J. Goering – S. Dusil – A. Their (ed.), Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law. Toronto, 5 August – 11 August 2012 (Monumenta Iuris Canonici, C/15), Città del Vaticano 2016, 87–93. 8 Szuromi, Some Canonical Manuscripts (see note 7), 23. 9 L. Delisle, Inventaire des manuscrits de Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Conservés a la Bibliothèque Impériale, sous les numéros 11504–14231 du fonds latin, Paris 1868. 10 P. Delhaye, Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Abbey, in: New Catholic Encyclopedia, XII, Washington D.C. 20032, 547–548. 11 H. Leclerq, Saint-Germain-des-Prés, in: Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et liturgie, VI/1, Paris 1924,1102–1150. Archiv für KatholischeS KirchenrechtDownloaded 185 from (2016) Brill.com09/26/2021 390–404 12:02:21PM via free access Canon Law Manuscripts 393 emphasize that its abbot had jurisdiction over the inhabitants of this quarter.12 As it is explained precisely by Éric Dussault in 2014, after many attacks which destroyed the buildings by fire – particularly in the 9th century – at the very be- ginning of the 11th century, the entire construction had been rebuilt in stone. It is the time when the renovation of the Abbey church was finished in 1014 and the activity of the monastic community had transformed the monastery as an eminent cultural center.13 This reason had formed gradually an extraordi- nary scriptorium and library as well.14 The collection had been supplemented with numerous volumes from Normand territory, since the end of the 6th cen- tury to the 10th century.15 This development was already analyzed by Alfred Franklin in 1867.16 Pope Alexander III (1159–1181) rededicated to St.
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