A Contribution to the Taxonomy of Centaurea Sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae) in Iran
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Comparative Analysis and Implications of the Chloroplast Genomes of Three Thistles (Carduus L., Asteraceae)
Comparative analysis and implications of the chloroplast genomes of three thistles (Carduus L., Asteraceae) Joonhyung Jung1,*, Hoang Dang Khoa Do1,2,*, JongYoung Hyun1, Changkyun Kim1 and Joo-Hwan Kim1 1 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea 2 Nguyen Tat Thanh Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Carduus, commonly known as plumeless thistles, is a genus in the Asteraceae family that exhibits both medicinal value and invasive tendencies. However, the genomic data of Carduus (i.e., complete chloroplast genomes) have not been sequenced. Methods. We sequenced and assembled the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of three Carduus species using the Illumina Miseq sequencing system and Geneious Prime. Phylogenetic relationships between Carduus and related taxa were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses. In addition, we used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the protein coding region of the matK gene to develop molecular markers to distinguish C. crispus from C. acanthoides and C. tenuiflorus. Results. The cpDNA sequences of C. crispus, C. acanthoides, and C. tenuiflorus ranged from 152,342 bp to 152,617 bp in length. Comparative genomic analysis revealed high conservation in terms of gene content (including 80 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes) and gene order within the three focal species and members of subfamily Carduoideae. Despite their high similarity, the three species differed with respect to the number and content of repeats in the chloroplast genome. Additionally, eight Submitted 28 February 2020 hotspot regions, including psbI-trnS_GCU, trnE_UUC-rpoB, trnR_UCU-trnG_UCC, Accepted 11 December 2020 Published 14 January 2021 psbC-trnS_UGA, trnT_UGU-trnL_UAA, psbT-psbN, petD-rpoA, and rpl16-rps3, were identified in the study species. -
Suitability of Root and Rhizome Anatomy for Taxonomic
Scientia Pharmaceutica Article Suitability of Root and Rhizome Anatomy for Taxonomic Classification and Reconstruction of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Tribes Cardueae and Cichorieae (Asteraceae) Elisabeth Ginko 1,*, Christoph Dobeš 1,2,* and Johannes Saukel 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacobotany, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria 2 Department of Forest Genetics, Research Centre for Forests, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, Vienna A-1131, Austria * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.G.); [email protected] (C.D.); [email protected] (J.S.); Tel.: +43-1-878-38-1265 (C.D.); +43-1-4277-55273 (J.S.) Academic Editor: Reinhard Länger Received: 18 August 2015; Accepted: 27 May 2016; Published: 27 May 2016 Abstract: The value of root and rhizome anatomy for the taxonomic characterisation of 59 species classified into 34 genera and 12 subtribes from the Asteraceae tribes Cardueae and Cichorieae was assessed. In addition, the evolutionary history of anatomical characters was reconstructed using a nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence-based phylogeny of the Cichorieae. Taxa were selected with a focus on pharmaceutically relevant species. A binary decision tree was constructed and discriminant function analyses were performed to extract taxonomically relevant anatomical characters and to infer the separability of infratribal taxa, respectively. The binary decision tree distinguished 33 species and two subspecies, but only five of the genera (sampled for at least two species) by a unique combination of hierarchically arranged characters. Accessions were discriminated—except for one sample worthy of discussion—according to their subtribal affiliation in the discriminant function analyses (DFA). However, constantly expressed subtribe-specific characters were almost missing and even in combination, did not discriminate the subtribes. -
Honey and Pollen Flora of SE Australia Species
List of families - genus/species Page Acanthaceae ........................................................................................................................................................................34 Avicennia marina grey mangrove 34 Aizoaceae ............................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ice plant 35 Alliaceae ................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Allium cepa onions 36 Amaranthaceae ..................................................................................................................................................................37 Ptilotus species foxtails 37 Anacardiaceae ................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Schinus molle var areira pepper tree 38 Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper tree 39 Apiaceae .................................................................................................................................................................................. 40 Daucus carota carrot 40 Foeniculum vulgare fennel 41 Araliaceae ................................................................................................................................................................................42 -
Gathered Food Plants in the Mountains
34063_Rivera.qxd 7/2/07 2:03 PM Page 1 Gathered Food Plants in the Mountains of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain): Ethnobotany and Multivariate Analysis1 Diego Rivera*,2, Concepción Obón3, Cristina Inocencio3, Michael Heinrich4, Alonso Verde2, José Fajardo2, and José Antonio Palazón5 2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain 3 Departamento de Biología Aplicada, EPSO, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain 4 Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, Univ. London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq. London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom 5 Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain * Corresponding author: Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] GATHERED FOOD PLANTS IN THE MOUNTAINS OF CASTILLA–LA MANCHA (SPAIN): ETHNOBOTANY AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS. Gathered food plants (GFPs) (wild and weeds) are crucial for under- standing traditional Mediterranean diets. Combining open interviews and free–listing ques- tionnaires, we identified 215 GFP items, i.e., 53 fungi and 162 from 154 vascular plant species. The variation in frequency and in salience among the items follows a rectangular hyperbola. Highly salient species were Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Scolymus hispani- cus L., and Pleurotus eryngii (DC.: Fr.) Quélet. Salience and frequency showed no correlation with the expected health benefits of each species. Regional frequency in the Mediter- ranean and local frequency are directly related. Thus, local food plants are much less “local” than expected. Different types of culinary preparations provide the most information in the cluster analysis of variables. -
Nuclear and Plastid DNA Phylogeny of the Tribe Cardueae (Compositae
1 Nuclear and plastid DNA phylogeny of the tribe Cardueae 2 (Compositae) with Hyb-Seq data: A new subtribal classification and a 3 temporal framework for the origin of the tribe and the subtribes 4 5 Sonia Herrando-Morairaa,*, Juan Antonio Callejab, Mercè Galbany-Casalsb, Núria Garcia-Jacasa, Jian- 6 Quan Liuc, Javier López-Alvaradob, Jordi López-Pujola, Jennifer R. Mandeld, Noemí Montes-Morenoa, 7 Cristina Roquetb,e, Llorenç Sáezb, Alexander Sennikovf, Alfonso Susannaa, Roser Vilatersanaa 8 9 a Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain 10 b Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) – Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de 11 Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de 12 Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain 13 c Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 14 Chengdu, China 15 d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA 16 e Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine), FR- 17 38000 Grenoble, France 18 f Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, 19 Finland; and Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 20 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 21 22 *Corresponding author at: Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s. n., ES- 23 08038 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Herrando-Moraira). 24 25 Abstract 26 Classification of the tribe Cardueae in natural subtribes has always been a challenge due to the lack of 27 support of some critical branches in previous phylogenies based on traditional Sanger markers. -
13 SPOTTED KNAPWEED PEST STATUS of WEED Nature Of
In: Van Driesche, R., et al., 2002, Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States, USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2002-04, 413 p. 13 SPOTTED KNAPWEED J. Story Montana State University, Western Agricultural Research Center, Corvallis, Montana, USA runoff and soil sedimentation (Lacey et al., 1989), and PEST STATUS OF WEED lowers plant diversity (Tyser and Key, 1988). Spot- Spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lamarck, is ted knapweed produces an allelopathic compound a purple-flowered, herbaceous, perennial weed, liv- that reduces germination of some grass species ing three to five years on average. It infests semiarid (Kelsey and Locken, 1987). range lands in the western United States and road- Geographical Distribution sides and fields in the eastern part of the country. Infested areas are dominated by the plant, reducing Spotted knapweed is native to Europe and western their grazing value and suppressing native plant com- Asia but has become widespread in parts of the munities. The plant, originally from Central Asia, has United States and Canada. The plant occurs through- been in North America for over 120 years. out the United States except for Alaska, Texas, Okla- homa, Mississippi, and Georgia (USDA, NRCS, Nature of Damage 2001). The plant is a serious invader of rangeland in Economic damage. Spotted knapweed is a serious the Rocky Mountain region. In Montana alone, the problem on rangeland, especially in the western plant infests an estimated 1.9 million ha of rangeland United States. Bucher (1984) estimated that an and pasture (Lacey, 1989). In Canada, the plant is 800,000 ha infestation in Montana was causing $4.5 abundant in British Columbia, and is common in million in annual forage losses, and that invasion of Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes (Watson and 13.6 million ha of vulnerable rangeland in Montana Renney, 1974). -
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team Biological Control of Invasive
Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States Roy Van Driesche Bernd Blossey Mark Hoddle Suzanne Lyon Richard Reardon Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team—Morgantown, West Virginia United States Forest FHTET-2002-04 Department of Service August 2002 Agriculture BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES Technical Coordinators Roy Van Driesche and Suzanne Lyon Department of Entomology, University of Massachusets, Amherst, MA Bernd Blossey Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Mark Hoddle Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA Richard Reardon Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA, Forest Service, Morgantown, WV USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2002-04 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the authors of the individual chap- We would also like to thank the U.S. Depart- ters for their expertise in reviewing and summariz- ment of Agriculture–Forest Service, Forest Health ing the literature and providing current information Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West on biological control of the major invasive plants in Virginia, for providing funding for the preparation the Eastern United States. and printing of this publication. G. Keith Douce, David Moorhead, and Charles Additional copies of this publication can be or- Bargeron of the Bugwood Network, University of dered from the Bulletin Distribution Center, Uni- Georgia (Tifton, Ga.), managed and digitized the pho- versity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, (413) tographs and illustrations used in this publication and 545-2717; or Mark Hoddle, Department of Entomol- produced the CD-ROM accompanying this book. -
Systematic Implications of Achene Characteristics in Genera Centaurea L., Cyanus Mill., Psephellus Cass. and Rhaponticoides Vaill
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(2): 125-136, 2015 (December) SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS OF ACHENE CHARACTERISTICS IN GENERA CENTAUREA L., CYANUS MILL., PSEPHELLUS CASS. AND RHAPONTICOIDES VAILL. (ASTERACEAE) 1 MEHMET BONA Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Keywords: Achene; Asteraceae; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Taxonomy. Abstract This study examines the exomorphic achene characteristics of 23 taxa belonging to Centaurea, Cyanus, Psephellus and Rhaponticoides in Asteraceae using light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The exomorphic characteristics studied are shape, size, colour and surface pattern of achene, and hair, length and colour of pappus. The results of the present investigation showed that achene size of the studied taxa is 3–7 × 1–4 mm. Pappus length is 1–14 mm, deciduous for three taxa and inner row is differentiated from the outer, 1–3 mm long, for 10 taxa. SEM studies showed eight different types of achene surface patterns for the studied taxa: Glebulate, glebulate-ruminate, reticulate, ribbed, ruminate, smooth, smooth-glebulate and undulate. Achene characteristics are useful for both intrageneric and intraspecific classification of the studied taxa. Introduction Morphological and anatomical studies on fruit and seed structure play an important role in systematics (Kumar et al., 2012). Microstructural details of the seed and fruit coat enable the distinguishing of taxa or the discovery of their affinities. This is especially useful for families in which the identification of particular taxa is complicated (Kumar et al., 2012; Bona, 2013; Piwowarczyk et al., 2014). Furthermore, observations of micromorphological features can also provide us with information about developmental strategies, adaptation to different environmental conditions and evolutionary tendencies within related groups of plants (Kreitschitz and Vallès, 2007; Moazzeni et al., 2010). -
Asteraceae): Additions to the Genus Acilepis from Southern Asia
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 122(2):131–145. 2009. Studies on the Paleotropical Vernonieae (Asteraceae): additions to the genus Acilepis from southern Asia Harold Robinson* and John J. Skvarla (HR) Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected]; (JJS) Department of Botany and Microbiology, and Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-6131, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—Thirty-three species are recognized in the genus Acilepis with new combinations provided for A. attenuata, A. chiangdaoensis, A. divergens, A. doichangensis, A. fysonii, A. gardneri, A. heynei, A. kingii, A. lobbii, A. namnaoensis, A. nayarii, A. nemoralis, A. ngaoensis, A. ornata, A. peguensis, A. peninsularis, A. principis, A. pseudosutepensis, A. setigera, A. sutepensis, A. thwaitesii, A. tonkinensis,andA. virgata. Acilepis belcheri is described as new. The rhizomiform structure of the pollen muri is discussed and compared with other Vernonieae in Old World Erlangeinae and in New World Lepidaploinae with similar muri. This study continues a series of papers ceous species in Asia under the name by the senior author aimed at delimiting Vernonia were insufficiently known at monophyletic genera within the tribe that time to determine their proper Vernonieae (Asteraceae), broadly sum- placement with regard to Acilepis, includ- marized by Robinson (1999a, 1999b, ing Vernonia attenuata DC. and V. 2007). The principal result has been the divergens (Roxb.) Edgew. These two disintegration of the extremely broad and species, widespread in southern Asia from aphyletic concept of the genus Vernonia India to China, were reviewed but left Schreb. -
Technical Report Series No. 287 Advisory List of Environmental Weeds in Victoria
Advisory list of environmental weeds in Victoria M. White, D. Cheal, G.W. Carr, R. Adair, K. Blood and D. Meagher April 2018 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 287 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning PO Box 137 Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 Phone (03) 9450 8600 Website: www.ari.vic.gov.au Citation: White, M., Cheal, D., Carr, G. W., Adair, R., Blood, K. and Meagher, D. (2018). Advisory list of environmental weeds in Victoria. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 287. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria. Front cover photo: Ixia species such as I. maculata (Yellow Ixia) have escaped from gardens and are spreading in natural areas. (Photo: Kate Blood) © The State of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning logo and the Arthur Rylah Institute logo. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Printed by Melbourne Polytechnic, Preston Victoria ISSN 1835-3827 (print) ISSN 1835-3835 (pdf)) ISBN 978-1-76077-000-6 (print) ISBN 978-1-76077-001-3 (pdf/online) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. -
Complete List of Literature Cited* Compiled by Franz Stadler
AppendixE Complete list of literature cited* Compiled by Franz Stadler Aa, A.J. van der 1859. Francq Van Berkhey (Johanes Le). Pp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States 194–201 in: Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, vol. 6. of America 100: 4649–4654. Van Brederode, Haarlem. Adams, K.L. & Wendel, J.F. 2005. Polyploidy and genome Abdel Aal, M., Bohlmann, F., Sarg, T., El-Domiaty, M. & evolution in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8: 135– Nordenstam, B. 1988. Oplopane derivatives from Acrisione 141. denticulata. Phytochemistry 27: 2599–2602. Adanson, M. 1757. Histoire naturelle du Sénégal. Bauche, Paris. Abegaz, B.M., Keige, A.W., Diaz, J.D. & Herz, W. 1994. Adanson, M. 1763. Familles des Plantes. Vincent, Paris. Sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents of Vernonia spe- Adeboye, O.D., Ajayi, S.A., Baidu-Forson, J.J. & Opabode, cies from Ethiopia. Phytochemistry 37: 191–196. J.T. 2005. Seed constraint to cultivation and productivity of Abosi, A.O. & Raseroka, B.H. 2003. In vivo antimalarial ac- African indigenous leaf vegetables. African Journal of Bio tech- tivity of Vernonia amygdalina. British Journal of Biomedical Science nology 4: 1480–1484. 60: 89–91. Adylov, T.A. & Zuckerwanik, T.I. (eds.). 1993. Opredelitel Abrahamson, W.G., Blair, C.P., Eubanks, M.D. & More- rasteniy Srednei Azii, vol. 10. Conspectus fl orae Asiae Mediae, vol. head, S.A. 2003. Sequential radiation of unrelated organ- 10. Isdatelstvo Fan Respubliki Uzbekistan, Tashkent. isms: the gall fl y Eurosta solidaginis and the tumbling fl ower Afolayan, A.J. 2003. Extracts from the shoots of Arctotis arcto- beetle Mordellistena convicta. -
The Genus Psephellus Cass. (Compositae, Cardueae) Revisited with a Broadened Concept
Willdenowia 30 – 2000 29 GERHARD WAGENITZ & FRANK H. HELLWIG The genus Psephellus Cass. (Compositae, Cardueae) revisited with a broadened concept Abstract Wagenitz, G. & Hellwig, F. H.: The genus Psephellus Cass. (Compositae, Cardueae) revisited with a broadened concept. – Willdenowia 30: 29-44. 2000. – ISSN 0511-9618. A new concept of the genus Psephellus is presented on the basis of morphological, anatomical, palynological and caryological evidence. The few molecular data seem to confirm the monophyly of the genus. The following former sections of Centaurea are included: C. sect. Psephelloideae, Psephellus, Hyalinella, Aetheopappus, Amblyopogon, Heterolophus, Czerniakovskya, Odontolo- phoideae, Odontolophus, Xanthopsis, Uralepis and Sosnovskya. New combinations under Pse- phellus are provided for these sections and for 35 species, especially from Turkey and Iran. Psephellus in this broadened sense has 75-80 species and a distribution with a centre in E Anatolia, Caucasia and NW Iran; only few species occur outside this area. Close relationships ex- ist between different sections despite considerable differences especially in the characters of the pappus. Introduction In the Centaureinae the concept of genera varies enormously. This is clearly shown by the fol- lowing list with the number of genera discerned by various authors: Hoffmann (1894): 9 genera Bobrov & Cerepanov (1963): 26 genera (only ‘Flora SSSR area’, but most genera occur there) Dostál (1973): 51 genera Dittrich (1977): 7 genera Bremer (1994): 31 genera Our aim is to establish moderately large genera which are monophyletic (see Wagenitz & Hellwig 1996). This is possible if morphological and molecular data are combined. One of these genera is presented here. It first emerged from the study of the pollen morphology (Wagenitz 1955).