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A New Name in Echinops (Asteraceae) from Flora of Iran

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A New Name in Echinops (Asteraceae) from Flora of Iran Archive of SID Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 10th Year, No. 34, Spring 2018 1 A New Name in Echinops (Asteraceae) from Flora of Iran Kazem Negaresh * Assistant Professor Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran Abstract Echinops is one of the largest genera of the family Asteraceae in Iran which approximately distributed in all parts of country. Most species of genus are endemic to Iran and occurs exclusively in a very small area. Members of the genus are characterized by single-flowered capitula arranged into secondary inflorescences appearing as globose heads, which are easily distinguished from other genera of the family Asteraceae. In spite of taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, there are a few nomenclature studies regarding the genus Echinops. This research is the result of exact checking of species Echinops with International Code of Nomenclature. It was established that Echinops kurdicus Boiss. and Hausskn. (1875) is an illegitimate name as a later homonym of Echinops kurdicus Bunge (1863). So the name Echinops rahiminejadii Negaresh nom nov. is proposed here as a replacement name for Echinops kurdicus Boiss. and Hausskn. In addition, an image of the holotype is provided. Key words: Asteraceae, Echinops, Nomenclature, Replacement Name, Later Homonym. *[email protected] Copyright©2017, University of Isfahan. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0), which permits others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit it, but they cannot change it in any way or use it commercially. www.SID.ir Archive of SID تاکسونومی و بیوسیستماتیک، سال دهم، شماره سی و چهارم، بهار 1397، صفحه -1 6 دريافت مقاله: 28/07/1397 پذيرش نهايی: 1397/10/22 نامی جدید در جنس Echinops از تیرۀ مرکبان (Asteraceae) متعلق به ایران * کاظم نگارش استاديار گروه باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، مﻻثانی، اهواز، ايران چکیده جنس Echinops ازجمله تاکسونهای بزرگ تیرۀ Asteraceae در ايران است که تقريباً در تمام نقاط کشور پراکنش دارد. بیشتر گونههای اين جنس انحصاری ايراناند و صرفاً در محدوده ای کوچک حضور دارند. اين جنس با داشتن کﻻپرکهای تکگلی آرايشيافته در گل آذينهای ثانويه که ظاهری کروی دارند بهخوبی از ساير جنسهای تیرۀ مرکبان (Asteraceae) تشخیص داده میشود؛ باوجود مطالعههای تاکسونومیکی و تبارشناختی انجامشده، جنس Echinops کمتر ازنظر نامگذاری مطالعه شده است. پژوهش حاضر حاصل مطالعۀ دقیق گونههای اين جنس ازنظر انطباق کامل با قوانین مربوط به کد بینالمللی نامگذاری است. طی اين مطالعه مشخص شد (Echinops (1875 .kurdicus Boiss. & Hausskn تاکسونی نامعتبر است؛ زيرا همنام مؤخری نسبت به Echinops kurdicus Bunge (1863) است. بنابراين Echinops rahiminejadii Negaresh بهعنوان نام جايگزين برای Echinops kurdicus .Boiss. & Hausskn پیشنهاد و تصوير هولوتیپ اين گونه ارائه شد. واژههای کلیدی: Echinops ،Asteraceae، نامگذاری، نام جايگزين، همنام مؤخر. مقدمه. 2017). اعضای اين جنس با داشتن کﻻپرکهای جنس شکرتیغال (.Echinops L) متعلق به تیرۀ تکگلی آرايشيافته در گل آذينهای ثانويه Asteraceae، زيرتیرۀ Carduoideae، قبیلۀ Synflorescence) Cardueae) که ظاهری کروی دارند بهآسانی و زيرقبیلۀ Echinopsinae است ,.Garcia-Jacas et al) از ساير جنس های Asteraceae تشخیص داده می شوند 2002; Susanna et al., 2006; Susanna and (Boissier, 1875; Rechinger, 1979). جنس Garcia-Jacas, 2007; 2009). اين تاکسون شامل Echinops حدود 120 گونه دارد که در نواحی گیاهان چندسالۀ خارداری است که در دنیای قديم گرمسیری آفريقا، منطقۀ مديترانه، مناطق معتدلۀ يوراسیا (Susanna and (Old World) گسترش يافته اند ,.Garcia-Jacas, 2009; Montazerolghaem et al تا مرکز آسیا، مغولستان و شمالشرق چین پراکنش * [email protected] Copyright©2017, University of Isfahan. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0), which permits others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit it, but they cannot change it in any way or use it commercially. www.SID.ir Archive of SID 2 تاکسونومی و بیوسیستماتیک، سال دهم، شماره سی و چهارام، بهار 1396 دارند Garnatje et al., 2004; 2005; Susanna and) مخالف را نمیتوان حفظ کرد. در پژوهش حاضر به Echinops Garcia-Jacas, 2007; Sánchez-Jiménez et al., ;Montazerolghaem et al., 2016 ;2012 ;2010 تبعیت از قوانین يادشده گونه های جنس 2017). ازنظر انطباق با قوانین نامگذاری بررسی شدند. مطالعۀ طبق فلورا ايرانیکا (Rechinger, 1979) جنس نامگذاری حاضر بر اساس جديدترين گردهمايی Echinops دارای 76 گونه است که از اين میان، بینالمللی گیاهشناسی انجام شد که در سال 2018 در (Shenzhen) 54 گونه در ايران يافت میشوند. پساز تدوين فلورا شینجن کشور چین برگزار شد و نتیجۀ ايرانیکا، گونههای ديگری برای فلور ايران معرفی آن نوزدهمین »کد بینالمللی نامگذاری« بود که Turland شدند؛ به طوریکه تعداد گونه های اين جنس در ايران و همکاران آن را در سال 2018 منتشر کردند. به 71 گونه افزايش يافته است Mozaffarian and) منابع مختلف و معتبر تاکسونومیکی در ارتباطبا جنس Bobrov Boissier Echinops Ghahreman, 2002a; 2002b; Mozaffarian, 2006; ازجمله )1875(، 2008a; 2008b; Montazerolghaem et al., 2016 (. )Rechinger،)1975( Hedge ،)1962 )1979(، حدود 50 گونه از اين گونه ها انحصاری ايران هستند و Garcia-Jacas و همکاران )Mozaffarian ،)2002 و برخی از آنها به طور محدود و تنها در منطقۀ کوچکی 2002a( Ghahreman؛ Garnatje ،)2002b و همکاران رشد میکنند؛ ازاينرو، ايران يکی از مهمترين مراکز )2004؛ Mozaffarian ،)2005 )2006؛ 2008a؛ Echinops تنوع جنس در جهان محسوب می شود Susanna ،)2008b و همکاران )Susanna ،)2006 و (Montazerolghaem et al., 2017) . Garcia-Jacas )2007؛ Sánchez-Jiménez ،)2009 طی مرور نامگذاری تاکسونهای متعلق به جنس )2010؛ 2012( و Montazerolghaem )2016؛ 2017( Echinops kurdicus Echinops مشاهده شد گونۀ نیز مطالعه شدند. (Boiss. & Hausskn. (1875 بر اساس کد بینالمللی نامگذاری (ICN) غیرمعتبر است؛ زيرا يک همنام مؤخر بحث و نتیجهگیری. later (homonym) نسبت به Echinops kurdicus گونۀ .Echinops kurdicus Boiss. & Hausskn (Bunge (1863 است. در پژوهش حاضر، ب همنظور انحصاری ايران است که در استان کردستان واقع در روشن کردن کاربرد اين تاکسون يک نام معتبر برای آن غرب کشور میرويد (Rechinger, 1979). اين گونه مطرح میشود. بر اساس فلورا ايرانیکا (Rechinger, 1979) به بخش Echinops تعلق دارد. بخش يادشده شامل 13 گونه مواد و روشها. است که اعضای آن با داشتن ويژگیهايی مانند 15 تا هدف قوانین بینالمللی نامگذاری گیاهی 28 فیﻻری که 5 فیﻻری داخلی آزاد هستند مشخص (Rechinger, 1979; Mozaffarian, 2006; مرتبکردن نام گذاریهای گذشته و فراهمکردن میشوند Echinops kurdicus (2008a قواعدی برای آينده است؛ بر اساس اين قوانین، نام های . گونهای غیرپشتهای www.SID.ir Archive of SID نامی جديد در جنس Echinops از تیرۀ مرکبان )Asteraceae( متعلق به ايران 3 است که فیﻻریهای کﻻپرک پايینی گلآذين بدون که بهطور متراکم با کرک غدهای و موهای زبر پوشیده کرکاند. اين گونه از طريق ويژگی يادشده بهآسانی از شده است و برگهايی که در سطح باﻻيی بهطور ساير گونههای بخش Echinops تشخیص داده می شود؛ متراکم با کرک غدهای پوشیده شدهاند از ويژگیهای زيرا در ساير گونهها معموﻻً فیﻻری های کﻻپرک تشخیصی اين گونهاند (Bunge, 1863). تیپ اين گونه پايینی با کرک غدهای، پستانکی يا پشمالو پوشیده از منطقۀ قفقاز جمعآوری شده است و در هرباريوم شدهاند (Mozaffarian, 2006; 2008a). لنینگراد (LE) نگهداری میشود. Echinops Bunge در سال 1863 برای نخستینبار New name (Bunge, 1863) kurdicus را منتشر کرد ؛ سپس .Echinops rahiminejadii Negaresh, nom nov. Haussknecht Boissier و در سال 1875 گونهای با .Replaced name: Echinops kurdicus Boiss & Hausskn. in Boiss, Fl. Orient. 3: 437 (1875), (Boissier, 1875) همین نام را منتشر کردند . بر اساس ,nom. illegit., non Echinops kurdicus Bunge کد بینالمللی نامگذاری ,.Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 6: 408 (Art. 53.1, Turland et al (1863). 2018( نامی که Bunge استفاده کرده نام معتبری است Type: Iran, in montibus Kurdistaniae Persicae inter Awiheng et Sihna sitis, 8000’, H. Haussknecht Boissier Echinops kurdicus و که و ,C. Haussknecht 562a (holotype: G00330185 منتشر کردهاند نام غیرمعتبری است و در پژوهش حاضر image seen (four sheets comprising one specimen); isotypes: JE00009497, image seen, Echinops rahiminejadii با نام جايگزين می شود. .(JE00009498, image seen اپیتت (epithet) به افتخار دکتر محمدرضا رحیمینژاد، گیاه شناس ايرانی انتخاب شده که سپاسگزاری (G) مطالعههای تاکسونومیکی و بیوسیستماتیکی گستردهای نويسنده صمیمانه از مديران هرباريومهای ژنو و (JE) دربارۀ جنس های مربوط به دو تیرۀ گیاهی ينا برای همکاری در ارسال تصوير از نمونه های Chenopodiaceae و Poaceae انجام داده است. تیپ و از دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تصوير هولوتیپ اين گونه که در هرباريوم ژنو (G) خوزستان برای تأمین هزينه های پژوهش حاضر نگهداری می شود در شکل )1( ديده میشود. سپاسگزاری میکند. گونۀ Echinops kurdicus Bunge به بخش (Bunge, 1863) Rytrodes Bunge تعلق دارد . ساقهای www.SID.ir Archive of SID 4 تاکسونومی و بیوسیستماتیک، سال دهم، شماره سی و چهارام، بهار 1396 شکل 1- تصوير نمونۀ تیپ Echinops rahiminejadii Negaresh )گرفتهشده از هرباريوم G( www.SID.ir Archive of SID نامی جديد در جنس Echinops از تیرۀ مرکبان )Asteraceae( متعلق به ايران 5 منابع Bobrov, E. G. (1962) Echinops L. In: Flora of the USSR (Eds. Shishkin, B. K. and Bobrov, E. G.) 27: 1-54. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Boissier, E. (1875) Echinops L. In: Flora Orientalis (Ed. Boissier, E.) 3: 423-441. H. Georg, Geneva and Basel. Bunge, A. A. (1863) Sur le genre Echinops. Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint- Pétersbourg 6: 390-412. Garcia-Jacas, N., Garnatje, T., Susanna, A. and Vilatersana, R. (2002) Tribal and subtribal delimitation and phylogeny of the Cardueae (Asteraceae): a combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 51-64. Garnatje, T., Vilatersana, R., Susanna, A., Vallès, J. and Siljak-Yakovlev, S. (2004) Contribution to the karyological knowledge of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae) and related genera. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145: 337-344. Garnatje, T., Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N.
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