DOCSLIB.ORG

Echinops Heterophyllus Family

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND TESTING THE EFFECT OF IRAQI ECHINOPS HETEROPHYLLUS FAMILY COMPOSITAE ON WOUND HEALING A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Pharmacognosy and Committee of the Graduate Studies of the College of Pharmacy - University of Baghdad in A Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy) By Enas Jawad Kadhim (M.Sc. Pharmacognosy, 2001) Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alaa A. Abdulrasool Co-supervisor: Assist Prof. Dr. Zainab J. Awad 2013 1434 بسى هللا انشحًٍ انشحٍى ﴿ٌَشفع ٱلل ه ٱن زٌ ٍَ َءا َي ُ هٕ ا ي ُ هك ى َٔ ٱن ز ٌ ٍَ أٔح هٕ ا ٱن ع ه َى َد َس َ خ ج َٔ ٱلل ه ب ًَ ا ح َع ًَ ه هٌٕ َخ ب ٍ ش ﴾ طذق هللا انعظٍى سورة المجادلة : اﻻٌة ۱۱ Certificate We certify that this thesis entitled (Phytochemical investigation and testing the effect of Iraqi Echinops heterophyllus Family Compositae on wound healing) was prepared under our supervision at the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy- University of Baghdad in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy) Signature: Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alaa A. Abdulrasool Date: Department: Signature: Co-supervisor: Ass. Prof. Dr . Zainab J. Awad Date: Department In view of the available recommendation, I forward this thesis for debate by the Examining Committee: Signature: Name: Chairman of the Committee Graduate Studies in the College of Pharmacy Date: Certificate We, the Examining Committee after reading this thesis entitled (Phytochemical investigation and testing the effect of Iraqi Echinops heterophyllus Family Compositae on wound healing) and examining the student (Inas Jawad Kadhim ) in its content, found it adequate as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy). Signature: Signature: Signature: Name: Name: Name: (Member) (Chairman) (Member) Date: Date: Date: Signature: Signature: Name: Name: (Member) (Member) Date: Date: Approved for the University Committee for Graduated Studies. Signature: Name: Dr. Ahmed A. Hussein Dean of College of Pharmacy-University of Baghdad Date: Dedication TO My Parents, Husband, Sisters,Brothers,my sweet daughters "Sarah & Rand" and all my Friends with respect Enas 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Prays and thanks be to Allah and prayer and peace upon Prophet Mohammed and his Descendants. I would like to express my greatest thank to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Alaa A. Abdulrasool ( Chairman of Baghdad University) for his scientific guidance, kindness, and prompt help whenever needed. My great thanks go to my co-supervisor Ass. Prof. Dr . Zainab J. Awad, for her encouragement, endless support during the study My appreciation to Ass. Prof. Dr. Ahmed A. Hussein (Dean of College of Pharmacy- University of Baghdad) for his continuous support and facilities to the postgraduate students. I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to Lecturer Maha Noori Hamad (Head of Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad) for her cooperation, continuous guidance, patience, and help in providing me the research materials and all possible facilities. Also, I wish to express my deepest grateful to Ass. Prof Dr. Abed AL-Jabbar Khalaf, (College of Science- Al-Mustansiriya University) and the doctors: Ass. Prof Mohammed Hasan, Lecturer Ahlam Qasear Lecturer Ammar Abed-Al-Razaq, , (College of Pharmacy-Baghdad University), Dr. Munther Faisal (Dean of College of Pharmacy Al-Mustansiriya University) for their help in explaining the NMR analysis. 7 I am also thankful to Asst. Lecturer Zena Qaragholi for her assistance throughout the work. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Prof. Ali Al-Shammaa for his advice, supervision throughout this work I can never thank enough the staff members in the Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy-Baghdad University for their continuous praying, love, and encouragement. Special thanks are extended to my friends, Dr. Nada-Al-Shawi , Dr. Dair Arif and Dr. Nawal Ayash for their valuable advice , support and helping during my study. I wish to express my gratefulness to Mrs. Zaineb, Mr. Ali and Mr. Salah Mahdy Baker, in College of Science in Al- Mustansiriya University for their great help in running FTIR, CHN and GC-MS spectrometer. Special thanks to lecturer Salema Sultan (College of Pharmacy-Baghdad University) for her help in computer application. My greatfulness to lecturer Suaad H. Moslem and Miss.Muna K. Shaker (College of Pharmacy-Baghdad University) for their help in the library. I'm greatly indebted to my family( specially my father , mother and my husband Dr. Yasser Al-Shammaa ) for their patience, encouragement and care. 8 Thanks are also due to all those whom I forgot and the wholeness is only for Allah. Enas 9 List of Contents No Subject Page Acknowledgements II List of contents IV List of figures VIII List of tables XIII List of abbreviations XV Abstract XVI CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION Introduction 1 1.1 Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster Family) 2 1.2 The genus Echinops Linn 4 1.3 Echinops heterophyllus P.H.Davis 6 1.3.1 Classification 6 1.3.2 Description of the plant 7 1.3.3 Distribution of the plant 7 10 1.3.4 The Folkloric uses 9 11 Pharmacological activities of different species of 1.4 Echinops extracts Antibacterial activity 11 1.4.1 1.4.2 Antifungal activity: 12 1.4.3 Antileishmanial activity 14 1.4.4 Antioxidant activity 15 1.4.5 Anticancer action 15 1.4.6 Protective effects of Echinops on testosterone- 16 induced prostatic hyperplasia 1.4.7 Hepato-protective activity of Echinops 17 1.4.8 Anti-ulcerogenic activity 17 1.4.9 Anti-inflammatory action 18 1.4.10 Diuretic action of Echinops 18 1.4.11 Analgesic activity of Echinops 19 1.4.12 Effects on C.N.S 19 1.5 Phytochemical constituents of Echinops 20 1.5.1 Alkaloids of Echinops species 20 11 1.5.1.1 Echinopsine 23 1.5.1.2 Echinopsidine 24 1.5.1.3 Echinorine 24 1.5.1.4 Echinozolinone 25 1.5.2 Flavonoids 26 1.5.2.1 Reported pharmacological activities of flavonoids 28 1.5.2.1.1 Flavonoids as antioxidants 28 1.5.2.1.2 Flavonoids in the treatment of gastric ulcer 28 1.5.2.1.3 Effect of flavonoids on inflammation 29 1.5.2.1.4 Effect of flavonoids on cancer-related pathways 30 1.5.2.1.5 Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids 30 1.5.2.1.6 Flavonoids in treatment of cardiovascular diseases 32 1.5.2.1.7 Flavonoids in treatment of diabetes mellitus 32 1.5.2.1.8 Role of flavonoids in treatment of hepato-toxicity 33 1.5.2.1.9 Effect of flavonoids on depression 33 1.5.3 Terpenoids 34 1.5.3.1 Beta-sitosterol 35 1.5.3.2 Stigmasterol 36 Aim of this study 38 12 CHAPTER TWO : EXPERIMENTAL WORK 2.1 Reagents and Materials 39 2.2 Instruments 40 2.3 Plant material 41 2.4 Experimental work 41 2.4.1 Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis 42 2.4.2 Extraction and fractionation of different active 44 constituents 2.4.3 Isolation and purification of different active 48 constituents 2.4.3.1 Preparative HPLC 48 2.4.3.2 Preparation of preparative TLC plates 50 2.4.3.3 Isolation of flavonoids glycosides by (CC) 51 2.4.4 Identification and characterization of the isolated 52 compounds 2.4.4.1 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 52 2.4.4.2 Melting point(M.P.) 52 2.4.4.3 Ultra violet (UV) spectrum analysis 52 2.4.4.4 Fourier transforms infrared(FT-IR) spectra 52 2.4.4.5 Elemental microanalysis (CHN) 53 13 2.4.4.6 One proton and thirteen carbon nuclear magnetic 53 resonance spectroscopy1H and 13C (NMR) analysis 2.4.4.7 Qualitative and quantitative estimation of isolated 53 compounds by HPLC 2.4.5 Investigation of some pharmacological activity of 54 the different isolated fractions CHAPTER THREE : RESULTS and DISCUSSION 3.1 Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis 57 3.2 Extraction and fractionation of different active 58 constituents 3.3 Preliminary identification of different Echinops parts 60 by TLC 3.4 Isolation and purification of different active 78 constituents 3.4.1 Isolation and purification of alkaloids 78 3.4.1a Isolation and purification of alkaloids by preparative 78 HPLC 3.4.1b Isolation and purification of alkaloids by preparative 80 TLC 3.4.1.2 Characterization and identification of the isolated 82 alkaloids (E1, E2 and E3) 3.4.1.2.1 M. P. 82 14 3.4.1.2.2 U.V. spectra 82 3.4.1.2.3 3.4.1.2.3- FT.IR spectra 84 3.4.1.2.4 CHN 88 3.4.1.2.5 1H &13C NMR analysis 88 3.4.2.1 Isolation and purification of flavonoids glycoside by 93 column chromatography (CC) 3.4.2.2 Characterization and identification of the isolated 95 flavonoids glycoside (EJ1 and EJ2) 3.4.2.2.1 M. P. 95 3.4.2.2.2 U.V. spectra 95 3.4.2.2.3 FT.IR spectra 96 3.4.2.2.4 CHN 100 3.4.2.2.5 1H &13C NMR analysis 100 3.4.3.1 Isolation and purification of flavonoids as (aglycon) 109 by preparative TLC 3.4.3.2 Characterization and identification of the isolated 110 myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol 3.4.3.2.1 TLC 110 3.4.3.2.2 M. P. 110 3.4.3.2.3 U.V.
Recommended publications
  • Molecular Identification of Commercialized Medicinal Plants in Southern Morocco

    Molecular Identification of Commercialized Medicinal Plants in Southern Morocco

    Molecular Identification of Commercialized Medicinal Plants in Southern Morocco Anneleen Kool1*., Hugo J. de Boer1.,A˚ sa Kru¨ ger2, Anders Rydberg1, Abdelaziz Abbad3, Lars Bjo¨ rk1, Gary Martin4 1 Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2 Department of Botany, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, 3 Laboratory of Biotechnology, Protection and Valorisation of Plant Resources, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco, 4 Global Diversity Foundation, Dar Ylane, Marrakech, Morocco Abstract Background: Medicinal plant trade is important for local livelihoods. However, many medicinal plants are difficult to identify when they are sold as roots, powders or bark. DNA barcoding involves using a short, agreed-upon region of a genome as a unique identifier for species– ideally, as a global standard. Research Question: What is the functionality, efficacy and accuracy of the use of barcoding for identifying root material, using medicinal plant roots sold by herbalists in Marrakech, Morocco, as a test dataset. Methodology: In total, 111 root samples were sequenced for four proposed barcode regions rpoC1, psbA-trnH, matK and ITS. Sequences were searched against a tailored reference database of Moroccan medicinal plants and their closest relatives using BLAST and Blastclust, and through inference of RAxML phylograms of the aligned market and reference samples. Principal Findings: Sequencing success was high for rpoC1, psbA-trnH, and ITS, but low for matK. Searches using rpoC1 alone resulted in a number of ambiguous identifications, indicating insufficient DNA variation for accurate species-level identification. Combining rpoC1, psbA-trnH and ITS allowed the majority of the market samples to be identified to genus level.
  • Feasibility Study of Kailash Sacred Landscape

    Feasibility Study of Kailash Sacred Landscape

    Kailash Sacred Landscape Conservation Initiative Feasability Assessment Report - Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal June 2010 Contributors, Advisors, Consultants Core group contributors • Chaudhary, Ram P., Professor, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University; National Coordinator, KSLCI-Nepal • Shrestha, Krishna K., Head, Central Department of Botany • Jha, Pramod K., Professor, Central Department of Botany • Bhatta, Kuber P., Consultant, Kailash Sacred Landscape Project, Nepal Contributors • Acharya, M., Department of Forest, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC) • Bajracharya, B., International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) • Basnet, G., Independent Consultant, Environmental Anthropologist • Basnet, T., Tribhuvan University • Belbase, N., Legal expert • Bhatta, S., Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation • Bhusal, Y. R. Secretary, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Das, A. N., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Ghimire, S. K., Tribhuvan University • Joshi, S. P., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Khanal, S., Independent Contributor • Maharjan, R., Department of Forest • Paudel, K. C., Department of Plant Resources • Rajbhandari, K.R., Expert, Plant Biodiversity • Rimal, S., Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation • Sah, R.N., Department of Forest • Sharma, K., Department of Hydrology • Shrestha, S. M., Department of Forest • Siwakoti, M., Tribhuvan University • Upadhyaya, M.P., National Agricultural Research Council
  • The Culture of Bee Forage Crops

    The Culture of Bee Forage Crops

    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1997 The culture of bee forage crops / Zhiliang Pan University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Pan, Zhiliang, "The culture of bee forage crops /" (1997). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 3467. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3467 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CULTURE OF BEE FORAGE CROPS A Thesis Presented by ZHILIANG PAN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1997 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences THE CULTURE OF BEE FORAGE CROPS A Thesis Presented by ZfflLIANG PAN Approved as to style and content by: h ^ Stephen J. Herbert, ^hair Cgy Douglas A^Cox, Dedicated to my mother with love and eternal gratitude, to my wife, Haiyan Hu, for her love and support. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Stephen Herbert, my major advisor, for his continuous support, encouragement and guidance during my unforgivable graduate study, especially for his enormous effects to edit the manuscript. I would also like to thank Dr. Douglas Cox and Dr. Jay Daliparthy for serving my committee members and for their great suggestions and contributions to the thesis. My special thanks go to Ms.
  • COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION of SPECIALTY CUT FLOWERS By

    COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION of SPECIALTY CUT FLOWERS By

    COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF SPECIALTY CUT FLOWERS By TODD JASON CAVINS Bachelor of Science Southwestern Oklahoma State University Weatherford, Oklahoma 1997 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December, 1999 COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF SPECIALTY CUT FLOWERS Thesis Approved: ' 1 Thesis Advisor .. ;.; ,, ( Dean of the Graduate College 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The purpose of this study was to improve production methods of various specialty cut flower species. Improving production methods allows growers to reduce cost, improve plant quality and earn higher profits. This study involved three research areas of specialty cut flowers. Partial funding was provided by a S.A.R.E. grant and Bear Creek Farm, Stillwater, OK. I would like to thank my principle advisor Dr. John Dole for his encouragement, support, honesty and perseverance. I would like to thank Dr. Janet Cole and Dr. Jim Ownby for serving on my thesis committee. Dr. Cole offered valuable insight and direction towards the research. Dr. Ownby contributed with his wealth of knowledge in plant physiology. A special thanks goes to Vicki Stamback and the gang at Bear Creek Farm. Vicki's experience as a specialty cut flower grower allowed me to gain personal knowledge of the cut flower industry that would not have taken place without her. Vicki's efforts and cooperation greatly improved this study. I want to thank Randall Smith and Leah Aufill for their assistance and plant care. Tim Hooper also contributed by offering his experiences from the floriculture industry and providing stress relieving lunch breaks.
  • 2017-02-CV-Oriane Hidalgo

    2017-02-CV-Oriane Hidalgo

    CURRICULUM VITAE – ORIANE HIDALGO Research line: The connecting thread of my research is to uncover patterns and processes of genome evolution responsible for plant diversification, through an integrated approach including evolutionary-developmental biology, phylogenetics and cytogenetics. I am particularly interested in studying the origin and diversification of plant reproductive morphologies across angiosperms from the evo-devo and genomic perspectives. My research concentrates on the changes in floral symmetry and inflorescence complexity in Papaveraceae and the Asteraceae representatives displaying secondary heads (=syncephalia). My other main research line focuses on the evolutionary significance of the extraordinary diversity of plant genomes (i.e. size, organisation, composition and dynamics), covering a wide array of plant groups including angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes. PERSONAL INFORMATION Date of birth: 08/02/1976 Nationality: French Languages: English (fluent), French (mother tongue), Spanish (fluent), Catalan (good understanding, elementary spoken) Address: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] • CURRENT POSITION 09/2015–Present Marie Sklodowska-Curie Postdoc Fellow Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK • PREVIOUS POSITIONS 09/2013–09/2015 Research Geneticist Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK 05/2011–09/2013 Postdoctoral Researcher Botanical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain 07/2008–04/2011 Postdoctoral Researcher Department
  • Species from Spontaneous Flora of Tulcea County, with Ornamental Value

    Species from Spontaneous Flora of Tulcea County, with Ornamental Value

    SPECIES FROM SPONTANEOUS FLORA OF TULCEA COUNTY, WITH ORNAMENTAL VALUE SPECII CU VALOARE ORNAMENTALĂ DIN FLORA SPONTANĂ A JUDEŢULUI TULCEA CHELARIU Elena-Liliana1, DRAGHIA Lucia1 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The current paper present five species with ornamental value identified in the spontaneous flora of Tulcea County, as follows Allium flavum, Allium saxatile, Echinops ruthenicus, Silene compacta, Silene supina. Identification and gathering of the species was effectuated in the vegetation period of 2010 (May-October), from Turcoaia and Babadag localities, Tulcea County. To study these taxons in crop conditions were established experimental plots and the biologic material was represented by seeds, bulbs, function of specie. Taxonomic nomenclature and botanic description was in according with the one proposed by Ciocârlan V. and Flora Europaea. Key words: spontaneous flora, ornamental value, biodiversity, Tulcea County. Rezumat. În lucrarea de faţă sunt prezentate cinci specii cu valoare ornamentală identificate în flora spontană a judeţului Tulcea şi anume: Allium flavum, Allium saxatile, Echinops ruthenicus, Silene compacta, Silene supina. Identificarea şi colectarea acestor specii s-a făcut în perioada de vegetaţie a anului 2010 (mai-octombrie), din locaţiile Turcoaia şi Babadag, judeţul Tulcea. Pentru studierea acestor taxoni în condiţii de cultură s-au înfiinţat câmpurile experimentale, iar materialul biologic utilizat a fost reprezentat, în funcţie de specie, de seminţe, bulbi. Nomeclatura taxonomică şi descrierea botanică utilizată a fost după Ciocârlan V. şi Flora Europaea. Cuvinte cheie: flora spontană, Allium, Echinops, Silene, valoare ornamentală, judeţul Tulcea. INTRODUCTION The spontaneous flora of Romania has over 3000 species (Ciocârlan V., 2000) and constitutes a valuable source of plants with decorative potential.
  • Pdf 910.98 K

    Pdf 910.98 K

    10 Egypt. J. Bot. Vol. 59, No.1, pp. 107 - 138 (2019) Computer-generated Keys to the Flora of Egypt. 9. The Spiny Taxa of Asteraceae Adel El-Gazzar(1)#, Nahed El-Husseini(2), Azza A. Khafagi(3), Nashua A.M. Mostafa(1) (1)Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, El-Arish University, N. Sinai, Egypt; (2)The Herbarium, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; (3)Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt. ANUALLY constructed keys for identification of plants leave much to be desired. Keys Mto the Asteraceae of Egypt are no exception and depend largely on floral minutiae while vegetative morphology is a much richer source of characters suitable for key construction. Inspection of some 3000 specimens showed that the most obvious feature of the plants is the presence or absence of spines on leaves, leaf axils, stem internodes, margins of stem wings and phyllaries. This feature was selected to divide species of this family into two main groups: spiny and spineless. Nomenclature of all taxa was updated and those with names reduced to synonyms of others were eliminated. This article deals only with the 65 species belonging to 20 genera of the first group. A total of 51 characters describing variation in spine distribution and other characters of vegetative morphology were recorded for each of the 65 spiny species and the key-generating program DELTA was applied to the data matrix. The result is a much improved automated key, a detailed description of every species in terms of the entire set of 51 characters, and the same description but in terms of the serial numbers assigned to these characters and their states.
  • Threatened Jott

    Threatened Jott

    Journal ofThreatened JoTT TaxaBuilding evidence for conservation globally PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 10.11609/jott.2020.12.3.15279-15406 www.threatenedtaxa.org 26 February 2020 (Online & Print) Vol. 12 | No. 3 | Pages: 15279–15406 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Publisher Host Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society Zoo Outreach Organization www.wild.zooreach.org www.zooreach.org No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti - Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Ph: +91 9385339863 | www.threatenedtaxa.org Email: [email protected] EDITORS English Editors Mrs. Mira Bhojwani, Pune, India Founder & Chief Editor Dr. Fred Pluthero, Toronto, Canada Dr. Sanjay Molur Mr. P. Ilangovan, Chennai, India Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society & Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, Web Design India Mrs. Latha G. Ravikumar, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, India Deputy Chief Editor Typesetting Dr. Neelesh Dahanukar Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India Mr. Arul Jagadish, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mrs. Radhika, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Managing Editor Mrs. Geetha, ZOO, Coimbatore India Mr. B. Ravichandran, WILD/ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mr. Ravindran, ZOO, Coimbatore India Associate Editors Fundraising/Communications Dr. B.A. Daniel, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Mrs. Payal B. Molur, Coimbatore, India Dr. Mandar Paingankar, Department of Zoology, Government Science College Gadchiroli, Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra 442605, India Dr. Ulrike Streicher, Wildlife Veterinarian, Eugene, Oregon, USA Editors/Reviewers Ms. Priyanka Iyer, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Subject Editors 2016–2018 Fungi Editorial Board Ms. Sally Walker Dr. B.
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)

    Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)

    Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in
  • "Shade Affects Yield and Stem Length of Field-Grown Cut-Flower Species"

    "Shade Affects Yield and Stem Length of Field-Grown Cut-Flower Species"

    HORTSCIENCE 26(9):1174-1176. 1991. Halevy, 1975), geranium (Armitage and Wetzstein, 1984; Craig and Walker, 1963), Shade Affects Yield and Stem Length and carnations (Bunt, 1973; Holley, 1959) is reduced or delayed as irradiance is re- duced. Providing shade is an effective means of Field-grown Cut-flower Species of reducing irradiance, but low irradiance has A.M. Armitage also been shown to increase internode elon- gation (Armitage et al., 1990). Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 The objective of this research was to de- Additional index words. Centaurea americana, basket flower, Eryngium planum, sea termine the effects of shade on yield (flowers holly, Echinops ritro, globe thistle, Anemone coronaria, poppy anemone, Zantedeschia, per plant) and stem length of annual (Cen- calla lily, irradiance, harvest duration taurea), perennial (Echinops, Eryngium), and bulbous (Anemone, Zantedeschia) species Abstract. Various field-grown specialty cut-flower species were subjected to full sun grown in climatic zone 7b (U.S. Dept. of or 55% or 67% shade treatments for 2 to 3 years. Plants grown in shade had longer Agriculture, 1990). The influence of shade flower stems than those grown in ambient irradiance; however, yield (flower stems per on spathe width of Zantedeschia flowers was plant) was species-dependent. Yield of Centaurea americana Nutt. ‘Jolly Joker’, an also determined. annual speices, and Eryngium planum L., a perennial, declined linearly with each Raised beds, » 2 m wide and 15 m long, reduction in irradiance. However, yield of Echinops ritro L. ‘Taplow Blue’, a perennial were constructed in 1985 near Athens, Ga., species, was higher in 55% shade than in ambient irradiance.
  • Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa

    Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa

    Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence.
  • Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation

    Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation

    Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation Karnali Province Government Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment Surkhet, Nepal Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation Karnali Province Government Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment Surkhet, Nepal Copyright: © 2020 Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of Ministry of Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal Editors: Krishna Prasad Acharya, PhD and Prakash K. Paudel, PhD Technical Team: Achyut Tiwari, PhD, Jiban Poudel, PhD, Kiran Thapa Magar, Yogendra Poudel, Sher Bahadur Shrestha, Rajendra Basukala, Sher Bahadur Rokaya, Himalaya Saud, Niraj Shrestha, Tejendra Rawal Production Editors: Prakash Basnet and Anju Chaudhary Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Acharya, K. P., Paudel, P. K. (2020). Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation. Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment, Karnali Province Government, Surkhet, Nepal Cover photograph: Tibetan wild ass in Limi valley © Tashi R. Ghale Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, Karnali province, people-wildlife nexus, biodiversity profile Editors’ Note Gyau Khola Valley, Upper Humla © Geraldine Werhahn This book “Biodiversity in Karnali Province: Current Status and Conservation”, is prepared to consolidate existing knowledge about the state of biodiversity in Karnali province. The book presents interrelated dynamics of society, physical environment, flora and fauna that have implications for biodiversity conservation.