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Wetlands of Maryland National Wetlands Inventory JUNE 1995 WETLANDS OF MARYLAND u.s. Department of the Interior· Fish and Wildlife Service Maryland Department of Natural Resources ._--- ........ -- WETLANDS OF MARYLAND by Ralph W Tiner U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and David G. Burke Maryland Department of Natural Resources Prepared by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Region 5 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035 for the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Tawes State Office Building Annapolis, MD 21401 June 1995 This report should be cited as follows: Tiner, R. W, and D.G. Burke. 1995. Wetlands of Maryland. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services, Region 5, Had.ley, MA and. Maryland Dcpartmcnt of Natural Resourc~, Annapolis, MD. Cooperative publication. 193 pp. plus Appendices. Acknowledgments any people have contributed to the completion of this wetlands inventory for Maryland and to the preparation of this M report. The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) provided cooperative funding to complete the mapping and funds to create a digital wetland map database and to publish this report. Without this major support, the completion of the wetlands inventory would not have been possible. Denise Clearwater served as project officer for the completion of this effort and her efforts are appreciated. In preparing the National Wetlands Inventory maps, wetland photointerpretation was performed by several individuals: Mike Broschart, Tony Davis, David Foulis, Judy Harding, Amy Hogeland, Irene Kenenski, John leBlanc, Larry Oliver, John Organ, Glenn Smith, Janice Stone, Roland Vosburgh, and Bill Zinni. Their work serves as the foundation for this report. David Foulis, John Organ, Glenn Smith, and Bill Zinni provided assistance in quality control of the interpreted photographs and in draft map review. The Service's National Wetlands Inventory Center at St. Petersburg, Florida, provided technical support for producing the wetland maps and digital database. Among those who played a major role in this effort were Robin Gebhard, Mike Murphy, Linda Shaffer, Becky Stanley, and Don Woodard. Pam Dansereau and Joanne Gookin assisted with compilation of wetland acreage summaries. The following persons reviewed the draft manuscripts of this report and provided comments: Jim Brown and the soil survey Staff (SCS), Virginia Carter (USGS), David Foulis (FWS), Irene Kenenski (FWS), Bill Sipple (EPA), Glenn Smith (FWS), and the following DNR staff: Robert Bachman, Denise Clearwater, Lynn Davidson, Frank Dawson, Ray Dintaman, Jr., Bill Gates, Rebecca Hughes, Bill Jenkins, Mike Slattery, Harley Speir, and Gary Taylor. Many people provided information used in this report, and several are cited in the text for personal communication. Gwen Sanderlin compiled the Maryland wetland plant lists arranged by life forms that appear as the Appendices. Porter Reed provided summary material on the plant list. Jim Brown provided data on hydric soils. David Walbeck prepared tables on wetland wildlife and endangered/threatened plants. Martha Hayes prepared draft figures showing the hydrologic relationships of wetlands in different landscapes across the state. Bob Orth provided current data on submerged aquatic vegetation surveys in Chesapeake Bay. Many individuals provided copies of their field notes or assisted in the field including: Frank Dawson, Diane Eckles, David Foulis, Irene Kenenski, Anne Lynn, Deborah Rudis, Bill Sipple, Mike Slattery, Glenn Smith, Peter Stokely, Thomas Tiner, Bill Wilen, David Yost, and Bill Zinni. The draft and final manuscripts were typed by Pam Dansereau, Elizabeth Dawson, Joan Gilbert, and Heather Harris. Pam Dansereau assisted with editing the draft and final manuscripts. JoEllen Harris assisted with proofreading the final manuscript. Mary O'Connor designed and prepared the camera-ready version. Jim Clark prepared most of the illustrations used in this report. Most of the photos used in this report were taken by the senior author. The following individuals provided use of their photos for this publication: John Carey, John Gill, Drew Koslow, Laura Mitchell, R. Harrison Wiegand, and Carol Wienhold. The assistance and suppOrt from all the above, plus others not mentioned specifically, are greatly appreciated. We thank all of them for their help. 111 Table of Contents Page Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... ............................. ............ iii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ ..................... ......... IV List of Plates ..................................................................................................................................................................... Vll Chapter 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 1 Maryland Wetlands Inventory ................................................................................................................................... 3 Description of the Study Area .... ........ ................. ............ .................. ....................... ....... .............. .... ......................... 3 Purpose and Organization of this Report ............. ...... ...... .......................................................................................... 4 References .............. .................................................................................................................................................. .. 4 Chapter 2. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Wetland Definition and Classification System .......................... 5 Introduction ........ ..... ... ........ .... ........ ........... ......... ......... ..... ...... .... ...... ..... ...... ..... .... ........ .... ......... .... ............... .... ........ 5 Wetland Definition .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Wetland Classification .................................................. ............................................................................................. 7 References............................................................. ..................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 3. National Wetlands Inventory Mapping Techniques and Results ................................................ 14 Introduction ... .......................................................................... .... ...................................... ....................................... 14 Wetlands InventoryTechniques ................................................................................................................................. 14 Mapping Photography........ ......... .................. ....... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......... ..... ................. .......... .......... .............. 14 Photo interpretation and Collateral Data .......... ............................ ............... ........................................................ 14 Field Investigations...... ........ ...................... .... ............... ...................................................................................... 16 Draft Map Production ........................................................................................................................................ 16 Draft Map Review .............. ....... ............... ..... ............ .................. .................... ............. .... .......... ....... ................. 16 Final Map Production ..... ......... ..... ..... ...... ..... ............. ...... ...... ...... ........... ............ ...... ........ ..... ..... ...... ........ ......... 16 Wetland Map Database Construction and Products ..... ...... ...... ....... .............. ..... ......... ........ .................... ........... 16 Wetlands Inventory Results . ... ...... ... ..... ....... ..... ..... ................... ............ ............ ........ .......... ........ ......... ...... ..... ........... 16 National Wetlands Inventory Maps. ................. ....... ....... .................. ............................. ................... ..... ............. 16 Wetland and Deepwater Habitat Acreage Summaries ...................................................... ................................... 18 State Totals .............................................................. .......................................... ... ...... ... ....... ....... ... ......... .... 18 County Totals................................................................................ .............................................................. 21 Physiographic Region Totals ............................................................................................................ ............ 32 Watershed Totals ......................................................................................................................................... 35 Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... 43 References .............................................................................
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